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The Attitude of the Anglican Church of Uganda to the New Religious

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The Attitude of the Anglican Church of Uganda to the New Religious THE ATTITUDE OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF UGANDA TO THE NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS AND IN PARTICULAR TO THE BACWEZI-BASHOMI IN SOUTH \VESTERN UGANDA 1960-1995 BY .JAMES N. NDYABAIHKA Dip.Th. (Bishop Tucker Theological College - Mukono) M.Div., M.A. (Trinity Evangelical DivinityTown School - USA) M.Th. (Aberdeen University - Scotland) Cape Thesis Presentedof for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY University In the Department of Religious Studies Faculty of Social Science and Humanities UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN SEPTEMBER, 1997 .. - i :.·:::. :·; ' 1 !·> ; .: .. : · '' ' •• r,· '!. ·.::.:•r. The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. DECLARATION I, James Ndyabahika, hereby declare that this dissertation is my original work and has not been submitted to any University for academic award. I carried out the research under the supervision of Dr. Chirevo Victor Kwenda. All the quotations, sources of information and assistance have been acknowledged. James Ndy�ahika. DA TE..... n-:-2.�. I b / l t( G;J Chirevo Victor Kwenda (Dr) DA TE ..(f ..!41. .. (ff F' DEDICATED TO MY DEAR WIFE GRACE FOR LOVE, JOY AND SERVICES SHARED TOGETHER i i ABSTRACT The central theme of this doctoral thesis is the Attitude of the Anglican Church of Uganda to the New Religious Movements and in particular to the Bacwezi-Bashomi in south-western Uganda, 1960-1995. Since the 1960's Uganda has been witnessing a wave of new religious movements stressing healing and exorcism and to date are attracting a large following. Although the literature on these movements is still scanty with no attempt having been made in the area of academics, the researcher investigated this topic at some considerable length (assisted by six research assistants) using primary and secondary sources a task he has carried out with a sense of satisfaction. In the area of scholarship, he has published articles in Occasional Research Papers - Makerere University (Volume 14); African Journal of Theology (1991 ): 54-62; Asian Journal of Theology (1991): 136-148 and African Journal of Evangelical theology (1993): 18-40. Currently, he is a lecturer at Makerere University. This thesis is developed in six chapters with intent to establish whether the Bacwe;;i­ Bashomi Movement is a challenge to Christianity or its followers are from the Roman Catholic Church or it is a pseudo-religious group or an independent church. It iii highlights that apart from the Balokole (born again Christians), aba;.ukufu (the re­ awakened Christians), Pentecostal preachers and the charismatic renewal believers; many Christians who hardly take their faith and baptismal calling seriously claim that Christianity has failed to provide solutions to their chaotic existence, economic and socio-religious issues, hence the rush to these new religious movements and in particular to the Bacwezi-Bashomi. Defection is caused by the inability to grasp seriously the biblical teachings and the failure to get down-to-earth philosophical explanations. The study then discusses the historical growth of the Movement, highlights the attitudes of the mainline churches and concludes with recommendations and vision of the Anglican Church in Uganda. Now, the mainline churches are urged to foster the Christian faith that addresses the contemporary issues which engulf the indigenous people; to take the traditional healing and the indigenous medicine seriously; and to enhance a fruitful dialogue with the new religious movements, nominal Christians, abalokole and the followers of the Bacwed-Bashomi Movement leading to mutual respect and understanding. Lastly, owing to the scarcity of in-depth academic studies, there is a need for serious research by church historians, sociologists, missiologists and pastors, hence the justification for this thesis. iv PREFACE About eight years ago when the researcher was the Principal (Dean) of Bishop Barham Divinity College- Kabale, a position he held for four years, he realised that many Christians from different Anglican parishes in Ankole and Kigezi were no more attending the Sunday services and did not even encourage their children to do so. He was aware that a true Sunday Service worship is neither merely going to Church to recite the prescribed order of services nor to be a dreary affair, monotonous and boring. Rather Sunday \Vo;ship should be comprehensive in nature, when the faithful Christians worship God in spirit and truth. Nevertheless, the main cause why they were not attending Sunday services was due to a new religious movement known as the Bacwezi, - BashomL His interest in this movement is rooted in the longing to deepen his understanding of the new religious movements and independent churches in Uganda. Most of them have been very much part of the post-independent Uganda. Although they affect the day-to-day lives of the faithful Christians, their potential impact for theologising has never been developed. He feels privileged to have had the opportunity not only to teach modern African Church History to post-graduate students at Makerere University but also to use some of them as his research assistants. They happily v carried out the field research exercise on the new religious movements: Owobusobozi, Abalahikirwa, Abayudaya, Abamalaki and the Bacwezi - Bashomi. Their interactions in class discussions and research papers deepened my interest and reinforced my conviction that a dissertation of this kind was called for. The researcher is most grateful to them for sharing freely their experiences and heritage. The researcher's personal contribution to this important study of the Bacwezi - Bashomi lVIovement is very significant. He had to walk an extra mile in order to stimulate further research data from the respondents. Some were not ready to part with information. Others co-operated fully. Thus, he believes that he has uncovered a new area previously unknown in academic circles. In fact, this area is a fertile ground for more intensive research. In the same vein, it will provide relevant information which will act as guidelines to those who study the new religious movements which are mushrooming around our country, at least in this century. The objective for carrying out this research programme was to enable him to acquire more knowledge and skills for a better ministry in his country, particularly in the institutions of higher learning. The first qualifications for a servant of the Lord, he is aware, is to be a faithful believer in the saving power of Jesus Christ. However, in addition to spiritual qualifications, a Church minister who serves in the institutions of higher learning needs academic qualifications. In this regard, he was interested in vi University gave him relevant knowledge to understand the historical growth of Christianity in Africa, missionary anthropology and cross-cultural studies unreservedly. Broadly speaking, this dissertation is a result of his personal research and intensive fieldwork (assisted by six research assistants) in south-western Uganda in the districts of: Bushenyi, Kabale, Kabarole, Hoima, Nfasindi, Mbarara, and Rukungiri. The research was carried out between April 1994 to April 1995. Then more investigation was carried out not only beginning \Yith July 1996 to December 1996 but also from April 1997 to June 1997 to supplement the previous findings. It is his hope that this work which is intimately related to modern African Church History, missiology and other areas of church growth will finally land in the University libraries and serve as a reference text. For this reason he has closely followed the standard regulations for the thesis production, which also seem to have been designed for students' easier access. At this point, the researcher can echo what his personal friend said on his graduation day: the end of this work is the beginning of a new task. The nature of the task, to begin now sine mora (without delay). In this manner, the interpretation of this dissertation should not remain at the marginal feeling but interpreted in positive actions in the area of scholarship in our nation and the world at large. And the students, missiologists, priests and the pastors are the spearhead. James Ndyabahika, September 1997 vii A CK:'f OWLEDGIVIENT In the course of my field research, I inevitably incurred debts from numerous people and several institutions. I wish I could mention them all individually, but lack of space compels me to mention just a few. Firstly, in academic circles, I am deeply grateful to Dr. Victor Chirevo Kwenda of the University of Cape Town - South Africa who was so generous in terms of scholarly comments and constructive criticisms that enabled me to make substantive improvement on this dissertation. '\Vithout his academic insight and continuous advice this dissertation would not have been fruitful. Acting as my supervisor for a four-year research period, he carefully followed this work from the beginning to the end. For such academic worth, mixed with affection, there is no adequate way I can thank him. Secondly, guidance were also provided by a number of persons with diverse experiences who gave their time to be interviewed or to discuss and comment on various issues relating to this research. I am extremely grateful and I register my profound acknowledgements for their generosity and cultural worth.
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