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Scientific Evaluation and Future Priorities of ESA's ELIPS Programme

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Scientific Evaluation and Future Priorities of ESA's ELIPS Programme ESSC-ESF POSITION PAPER Scientific Evaluation and Future Priorities of ESA’s ELIPS Programme Report from the Sasbachwalden Workshops, February 2008 www.esf.org The European Science Foundation (ESF) was estab- The European Space Sciences Committee (ESSC), lished in 1974 to create a common European platform established in 1975, grew out of the need for a col- for cross-border cooperation in all aspects of scien- laborative effort that would ensure European space tific research. scientists made their voices heard on the other side With its emphasis on a multidisciplinary and pan- of the Atlantic. More than 30 years later the ESSC European approach, the Foundation provides the has become even more relevant today as it acts as leadership necessary to open new frontiers in Euro- an interface with the European Spa ce Agency (ESA), pean science. the European Commission, national space agencies, Its activities include providing science policy advice and ESF Member Organisations on space-related (Science Strategy); stimulating cooperation between aspects. The mission of the ESSC is to provide an researchers and organisations to explore new direc- independent European voice on European space tions (Science Synergy); and the administration research and policy. of externally funded programmes (Science Man- The ESSC is non-governmental and provides an inde- agement). These take place in the following areas: pendent forum for scientists to debate space sciences Physical and engineering sciences; Medical sciences; issues. The ESSC is represented ex officio in ESA’s Life, earth and environmental sciences; Humanities; scientific advisory bodies, in ESA’s High-level Science Social sciences; Polar; Marine; Space; Radio astron- Policy Advisory Committee advising its Director Gen- omy frequencies; Nuclear physics. eral, in the EC’s FP7 Space Advisory Group, and it Headquartered in Strasbourg with offices in Brussels holds an observer status in ESA’s Ministerial Councils. and Ostend, the ESF’s membership comprises 77 At the international level, ESSC maintains strong rela- national funding agencies, research performing agen- tionships with the NRC’s Space Studies Board in the cies and academies from 30 European countries. U.S., and corresponding bodies in Japan and China. The Foundation’s independence allows the ESF to objectively represent the priorities of all these mem- bers. This work was carried out under ESA contract No. 21477/08/NL/VJ Front cover: The International Space Station and European Columbus laboratory as seen from the departing space shuttle Atlantis STS-122 mission on 18 February 2008. Courtesy: NASA. Foreword In May 2007 the ESA Directorate for Human Space ight, thus also split in two parts, taking place consecutively Microgravity and Exploration (D-HME) asked the ESF’s during the same week, with two 2-day periods dealing European Space Sciences Committee (ESSC) to organise separately with physical sciences and with life sciences. a broad scienti, c consultation of the users’ community Both disciplinary workshops gathered some 80 persons in the preparation of the next ESA Ministerial Council each. A synthesis meeting consisting of the rapporteurs of (November 2008), in order to evaluate the achievements the various sessions of the two workshops plus a limited and de, ne future strategic and scienti, c priorities of number of selected observers then met on 14 April 2008 ESA’s programme in life and physical sciences in space to , nalise and approve the contents of the evaluation (ELIPS). This exercise would constitute the follow-on report. Following ESF and ESSC rules the report was of the assessment studies done at the Bischenberg, then independently peer-reviewed. Obernai and Evian workshops, which the ESF and ESSC We are glad to be able to provide this , nal report to organised in 2000 and 2004/05 to structure and assess ESA, European national space agencies and the space the value of ESA’s ELIPS programme. The evaluation science community. We hope that it will help Europe would look at: the achievements of the ELIPS programme better de, ne its strategy for future research in life and between 2004 and 2007; the expectations and require- physical sciences in space, and in particular reap its ments of the users’ community with regard to its future investments that led to the realisation of the Columbus and in particular the validity of the Cornerstone scheme laboratory, its launch and attachment to the International which was updated in 2005; and the scienti, c perspec- Space Station in February 2008. tives of the Exploration programme which are relevant to the ELIPS programme. A Steering Committee, comprising scientists in life and physical sciences, was therefore formally established Jean-Pierre Swings in October 2007 and met in Brussels on 16 January 2008 Chairman to de, ne the format of the evaluation workshop and agree European Space Sciences Committee on the scientists to be invited to this workshop. ESA’s ELIPS research plan is split in two main categories: life September 2008 sciences and physical sciences. The workshop itself was ESSC-ESF Position Paper | 1 Executive Summary projects are also considered to be a unique platform to General Recommendations perform in-depth research on complex phenomena that require the teaming of European experts. Commonalities and synergies Recommendation G4 ESA is to be commended for its support for user-driven The present form of the MAP projects should be research in space and for the opportunities that have continued, meaning that these projects would have been given to European scientists and their international application-oriented, yet not solely industry-driven, partners to achieve important goals in the disciplines strategic long-term objectives. As promotion is no of life sciences and physical sciences. In order to con- longer an issue, the programme should be renamed, tinuously improve European excellence in microgravity e.g. Microgravity Assisted Research. Furthermore, research, ESA must emphasise that space experiments Topical Teams as incubators for future research topics should be embedded in strong basic science. should be continued. Recommendation G1 The ELIPS programme has demonstrated its high The era that began in February 2008 with the attach- scienti, c value and relevance to European research ment of the Columbus orbital laboratory to the ISS, ambitions and its balance must be preserved. Hence and then the successful docking of the ATV Jules new programmes on solar system exploration should Verne to the ISS, must signifi cantly increase the return not be established at the expense of ISS utilisation and on European investment in the International Space ELIPS. Station. Furthermore, concern was expressed about the impact on the coordination of astrobiology science in The ELIPS programme is essential for European research ESA as a result of the transfer of ExoMars and Mars in life and physical sciences in space. We fully sup- Sample Return from the HME/HSF Directorate to the SCI/ port ESA in proposing the ELIPS 3 programme at the SRE Directorate. Liaison between ELIPS and Exploration November 2008 Ministerial Council. programmes currently occurs predominantly at working level with varying degrees of effectiveness, although clear Recommendation G2 scienti, c and technological synergies exist between The ELIPS programme must be continued through ELIPS and the Exploration Core programme. The reor- its Phase 3 at the funding level mandated by the fact ganisation between these two programmes, including that science utilisation and return will sharply increase transfer of key personnel, could alter this relationship. as of 2008 with the Columbus laboratory attached to the ISS and in full operation. Optimum usage of Recommendation G5 Columbus within the ELIPS programme is manda- To maintain and foster the high international scientifi c tory. In order to achieve maximum output and return reputation of European astrobiology research, a strong on investment the funding level has therefore to be coordination between the two ESA directorates on raised accordingly. ELIPS (D-HSF) and the robotic exploration programme (D-SRE) is thereby mandatory. We further recommend The full potential of ISS utilisation will not be exhausted that ESA should have a more specifi c strategy for by 2018, and the continuation of utilisation beyond that coordination between programmes and stress the date would deliver enhanced return on investment. importance of seriously assessing the consequences of this transfer of programme components. Recommendation G3 Specifi c investments will have to be made for a new ESA has contributed to the success of the ELIPS pro- generation of payloads (or new inserts into existing gramme by communicating the scienti, c results of facilities) for the ISS. In parallel, preparatory steps research in space, for example through the Erasmus have to be taken for the post-ISS era by looking into Experiment Archive, and through ESA’s own web- alternative payload carriers, ballistic fl ights and free- site. However, although recent years have seen some fl ying orbiters. Creative use of the ATV in this context improvement in ESA’s public relations activities, educa- is encouraged. tion and outreach are clearly areas where major efforts must be undertaken. Topical Teams act as very successful incubators for emerging and interdisciplinary topics, and to prepare for Recommendation G6 a network of European scientists working for the ELIPS A larger education component and budget should be a programme. Microgravity Application Promotion (MAP) major objective of the next ELIPS programme. Summer 2 | ESSC-ESF Position Paper schools or workshops on various research topics cov- of ELIPS. It is therefore recommended to foster cross- ered by ELIPS could be initiated. ESA should reach disciplinary activities in these domains. This could be an agreement about ECTS credits in these classes in achieved by common ELIPS workshops in science and collaboration with interested universities. Thus stu- technology to look at corresponding cross-cutting dents could become involved in space sciences early science and technology problems, and/or by setting in their career.
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