Korea (Republic Of)'S Constitution of 1948 with Amendments Through 1987
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The Globalization of K-Pop: the Interplay of External and Internal Forces
THE GLOBALIZATION OF K-POP: THE INTERPLAY OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FORCES Master Thesis presented by Hiu Yan Kong Furtwangen University MBA WS14/16 Matriculation Number 249536 May, 2016 Sworn Statement I hereby solemnly declare on my oath that the work presented has been carried out by me alone without any form of illicit assistance. All sources used have been fully quoted. (Signature, Date) Abstract This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis about the growing popularity of Korean pop music (K-pop) worldwide in recent years. On one hand, the international expansion of K-pop can be understood as a result of the strategic planning and business execution that are created and carried out by the entertainment agencies. On the other hand, external circumstances such as the rise of social media also create a wide array of opportunities for K-pop to broaden its global appeal. The research explores the ways how the interplay between external circumstances and organizational strategies has jointly contributed to the global circulation of K-pop. The research starts with providing a general descriptive overview of K-pop. Following that, quantitative methods are applied to measure and assess the international recognition and global spread of K-pop. Next, a systematic approach is used to identify and analyze factors and forces that have important influences and implications on K-pop’s globalization. The analysis is carried out based on three levels of business environment which are macro, operating, and internal level. PEST analysis is applied to identify critical macro-environmental factors including political, economic, socio-cultural, and technological. -
Impact of China on South Korea's Economy
Dynamic Forces on the Korean Peninsula: Strategic & Economic Implications 61 IMPACT OF CHINA ON SOUTH KOREA’S ECONOMY Cheong Young-rok* CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Evaluations of Sino-Korean Economic Interactions III. Measuring the Impact of China on Korean Economy IV. Other Critical Issues V. Concluding Remarks: Is Korea Rational or National? *Cheong Young-rok is Professor at the Graduate School of International Stud- ies at Seoul National University. The author thanks those who commented on this paper as well as his research assistants. 62 U.S.–Korea Academic Symposium I. Introduction In 2005, the Korean ambassador to China was excited about the completion within five years of the target trade volume of over $100 billion with China, which was set by the Korean government at the time of the inauguration of President Roh Moo-hyun in 2003. China also became the number one recipient of Korea’s outflow of investment as well as the destination of one of the largest groups of Korean students studying overseas. On the one hand, many businesspeople talk about the further importance of China, and they even send their children to China.1 On the other hand, many of the high-society households in Korea, especially in the Kangnam district that is considered to be the Korean Beverly Hills, hire ethnic Koreans who have returned from China to serve as their housemaids. On the increased importance of China for the Korean economy, there are two different schools of thought in Korean academia: one school argues that China is a mere clone or extension of other Asian countries that were once glorified as newly industrializing economies or high-performing Asian economies . -
![On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche [Chuch'e] in Ideological Work](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/0498/on-eliminating-dogmatism-and-formalism-and-establishing-juche-chuche-in-ideological-work-900498.webp)
On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche [Chuch'e] in Ideological Work
Primary Source Document with Questions (DBQs) “ON ELIMINATING DOGMATISM AND FORMALISM AND ESTABLISHING JUCHE [CHUCH’E] IN IDEOLOGICAL WORK” (SPEECH, 1955) By Kim Ilsŏng Introduction After the end of colonial rule in 1945, political divisions within Korea interacted with the escalating Cold War tension between the United States and USSR, each of which had occupied and fostered a government in one half of the peninsula, to create the conditions that led to the Korean War (1950‐53). In the aftermath of that war, with its non‐decisive result, the separation of North and South Korean states (officially the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea, respectively) has been maintained to this day, continually reproduced until fairly recently by an atmosphere of mutual hostility. The Kim Ilsŏng (1912‐1994) government of the North considered itself the heir of the Communist anti‐imperialist struggle against Japanese forces in Manchuria. As time passed, other ideological foci came to supplement or even supplant Marxism‐Leninism as the central official state ideology. In this 1955 speech, entitled “On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work,” Kim explained what he meant by juche (“subjectivity” in literal translation) and why it was important for North Korea. Document Excerpts with Questions (Longer selection follows this section) From Sources of Korean Tradition, edited by Yŏng‐ho Ch’oe, Peter H. Lee, and Wm. Theodore de Bary, vol. 2 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 420‐424. © 2000 Columbia University Press. Reproduced with the permission of the publisher. All rights reserved. “On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche [Chuch’e] in Ideological Work” (Speech, 1955) By Kim Ilsŏng … It is important in our work to grasp revolutionary truth, Marxist‑Leninist truth, and apply it correctly to our actual conditions. -
Strategic Cooperation Between China and South Korea and Strategic Structure of Northeast Asia
The U.S. Congress established the East-West Center in 1960 to foster mutual understanding and coopera- tion among the governments and peoples of the Asia Pacific region including the United States. Funding for the Center comes from the U.S. govern- ment with additional support provided by private agencies, individuals, corporations, and Asian and Pacific governments. East-West Center Working Papers are circulated for comment and to inform interested colleagues about work in progress at the Center. For more information about the Center or to order publications, contact: Publication Sales Office East-West Center 1601 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96848-1601 Telephone: 808-944-7145 Facsimile: 808-944-7376 Email: [email protected] Website: www.EastWestCenter.org EAST-WEST CENTER WORKING PAPERS International Graduate Student Conference Series No. 31, 2006 Strategic Cooperation Between China and South Korea and Strategic Structure of Northeast Asia Zhao Lin Zhao Lin is a graduate student in the Institute of Interna- tional Studies, Tsinghua University, China. He can be reached at [email protected]. This paper was presented at the 5th East-West Center International Graduate Student Conference, February 16-18, 2006 in Honolulu, Hawaii USA. East-West Center Working Papers: International Graduate Student Conference Series publishes graduate students' research in progress. This paper has been peer-reviewed. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Center. Please direct orders and requests to the -
North Korean Art: the Enigmatic World of Chosonhwa © 2019, BG Muhn
North Korean Art: The Enigmatic World of Chosonhwa © 2019, BG Muhn All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the author. Published in 2019 by Seoul Selection U.S.A., Inc. 4199 Campus Drive, Suite 550, Irvine, CA 92612 Phone: 949-509-6584 / Seoul office: 82-2-734-9567 Fax: 949-509-6599 / Seoul office: 82-2-734-9562 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.seoulselection.com ISBN: 978-1-62412-127-2 57500 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019953967 Printed and bound in Seoul, Korea This publication was made possible with a grant from the Korea Arts Management Service and the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments 2 About the Author 5 Preface 6 Introduction 9 The Heart of North Korean Art 9 A Unique and Nurturing Soil 11 An Initial Look: Characteristics of Chosonhwa 13 Chapter I–The Emergence of Chosonhwa 17 1956: A Political Turning Point in Pyongyang 19 The USSR’s Early Influence on DPRK Art 24 The Extent of China’s Impact on Chosonhwa 28 Chosonhwa’s Development: A Historical Perspective 34 Chapter II–The Evolution of Expression in Traditional Chosonhwa 43 Upholding Tradition: The 1950s and Early 1960s 51 An Innovator Within Tradition: Ri Sok Ho 60 Ri Sok Ho and Qi Baishi 79 Moving toward New Expressions in Ideological Paintings 89 Chapter III–Chosonhwa’s Heyday: The Transformation of Ideological Paintings -
BRIEF HISTORY of KOREA —A Bird's-Eyeview—
BRIEF HISTORY OF KOREA —A Bird's-EyeView— Young Ick Lew with an afterword by Donald P. Gregg The Korea Society New York The Korea Society is a private, nonprofit, nonpartisan, 501(c)(3) organization with individual and corporate members that is dedicated solely to the promotion of greater awareness, understanding and cooperation between the people of the United States and Korea. In pursuit of its mission, the Society arranges programs that facilitate dis- cussion, exchanges and research on topics of vital interest to both countries in the areas of public policy, business, education, intercultural relations and the arts. Funding for these programs is derived from contributions, endowments, grants, membership dues and program fees. From its base in New York City, the Society serves audiences across the country through its own outreach efforts and by forging strategic alliances with counterpart organizations in other cities throughout the United States as well as in Korea. The Korea Society takes no institutional position on policy issues and has no affiliation with the U.S. government. All statements of fact and expressions of opinion contained in all its publications are the sole responsibility of the author or authors. For further information about The Korea Society, please write The Korea Society, 950 Third Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10022, or e-mail: [email protected]. Visit our website at www.koreasociety.org. Copyright © 2000 by Young Ick Lew and The Korea Society All rights reserved. Published 2000 ISBN 1-892887-00-7 Printed in the United States of America Every effort has been made to locate the copyright holders of all copyrighted materials and secure the necessary permission to reproduce them. -
North Korea: a Chronology of Events from 2016 to 2020
North Korea: A Chronology of Events from 2016 to 2020 May 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46349 North Korea: A Chronology of Events from 2016 to 2020 Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Chronology ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1994 ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1998 ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2003 ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2005 ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2006 ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2007 ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2009 ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2011 .......................................................................................................................................... -
Diversity of K-Pop: a Focus on Race, Language, and Musical Genre
DIVERSITY OF K-POP: A FOCUS ON RACE, LANGUAGE, AND MUSICAL GENRE Wonseok Lee A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2018 Committee: Jeremy Wallach, Advisor Esther Clinton Kristen Rudisill © 2018 Wonseok Lee All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Jeremy Wallach, Advisor Since the end of the 1990s, Korean popular culture, known as Hallyu, has spread to the world. As the most significant part of Hallyu, Korean popular music, K-pop, captivates global audiences. From a typical K-pop artist, Psy, to a recent sensation of global popular music, BTS, K-pop enthusiasts all around the world prove that K-pop is an ongoing global cultural flow. Despite the fact that the term K-pop explicitly indicates a certain ethnicity and language, as K- pop expanded and became influential to the world, it developed distinct features that did not exist in it before. This thesis examines these distinct features of K-pop focusing on race, language, and musical genre: it reveals how K-pop groups today consist of non-Korean musicians, what makes K-pop groups consisting of all Korean musicians sing in non-Korean languages, what kind of diverse musical genres exists in the K-pop field with two case studies, and what these features mean in terms of the discourse of K-pop today. By looking at the diversity of K-pop, I emphasize that K-pop is not merely a dance- oriented musical genre sung by Koreans in the Korean language. -
History Flows: Déjà Vu of Koguryo's Downfall in North Korea?
History Flows: déjà vu of Koguryo’s downfall in North Korea? By Kim Sung Jin January 21, 2014 Sung Jin Kim began his fellowship with the Office of the Korea Chair at CSIS in August 2013. He is assistant editor of International News Desk IV for Yonhap News Agency, South Korea’s largest wire service. He has filed stories in both Korean and English and has experience providing dispatches from North Korea and Jerusalem. He has served as an editing member and columnist of the Weekly Journalists Association of Korea since 2006. He also served as an executive board member of the association from 2011 to 2012. Mr. Kim contributed to the Saturday broadcast of Weekly International News on KBS 1 Radio from 2006 to 2012. He received a merit medal in public relations from the Korean Red Cross in 2010. His main research interests include U.S.–North Korea relations and Northeast Asia, and he hopes for reconciliation and reunification for the two Koreas. Mr. Kim holds an M.B.A. in finance, banking/strategy, and global management from the Korea Development Institute (KDI) School of Public Policy and Management. His undergraduate degree, in English language and literature, is from Seoul National University. Since 1948, North Korea has been run by the de-facto ‘Kim dynasty,’ from the founder Kim Il- sung to his son Kim Jong-il and finally to his grandson Kim Jong-un. The recent purge of Kim Jong-un’s uncle, Jang Song-thaek by shocking capital punishment proves again that the North is a dynasty, not a modern socialist state. -
What Is the K in K-Pop? South Korean Popular Music, the Culture Industry, and National Identity
본문(43-3_2012) 2012.9.28 3:3 PM 페이지339 339 What Is the K in K-pop? South Korean Popular Music, the Culture Industry, and National Identity John Lie* In the early 2010’s, the expansion of South Korean popular culture around the world is led by popular music, usually known as K- pop. In this paper I seek to answer two questions. First, what are the sources of its success beyond the South Korean national border? Secondly, what does it say about contemporary South Korean society and culture? Key Words: K-pop, Korean Wave, Hallyu, South Korean Popular Culture, Popular Music I. Introduction The phenomenal success of the Korean Wave has generated collec- tive celebration in South Korea.1 In the early 2010s, the national self- * John Lie is C.K. Cho Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from Harvard University. His forthcoming books include The Global University and The Consolation of Social Theory. E-mail: [email protected]. 1. The Korean Wave is the literal translation of the term which originated in China ( ; Hánliú). The first character refers to “Korea” and the second usually evokes “flow” or “current,” signifying “style.” The same Chinese characters KOREA OBSERVER, Vol. 43, No. 3, Autumn 2012, pp. 339-363. © 2012 by THE INSTITUTE OF KOREAN STUDIES. 본문(43-3_2012) 2012.9.28 3:3 PM 페이지340 340 John Lie congratulation is especially manifest for the popularity of South Korean popular music (K-pop), which has spread from neighboring Asian countries, such as Japan and Taiwan, to farther ashore in Europe, the Americas, and the Middle East.2 The K-pop World Festival in Decem- ber 2011 attracted wannabe K-pop singers from sixteen different countries and confirmed its global appeal to South Koreans (Choe and Russell, 2012). -
Trying to Loosen the Linchpin: China's Approach to South Korea
TRYING TO LOOSEN THE LINCHPIN: CHINA’S APPROACH TO SOUTH KOREA JUNG H. PAK JULY 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Those fears became reality when Beijing, emboldened by its growing economic, diplomatic, and military China sees South Korea as a critical part of its effort weight, took a more confrontational approach and to establish its preeminence in Northeast Asia. South sought to exert its strength toward punishing South Korea’s status in the U.S. alliance architecture as Korea when Seoul decided to deploy the Terminal the “linchpin” and its central role regarding North High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) American anti- Korea issues, as well as its geographic proximity ballistic missile defense system after North Korea’s and economic dynamism, have underscored the fourth nuclear test in January 2016.3 The THAAD issue country’s importance to China’s regional strategy. This provided insight into the drivers of China’s relationship strategy is driven by a desire to weaken Washington’s with South Korea and the tools it employed to exert alliance relationships, increase Beijing’s influence influence over the Korean Peninsula. This paper traces on Korean Peninsula affairs, including North Korea the trajectory of China-South Korea relations, how denuclearization, and shape the region to be more the North Korea nuclear issue and the U.S. alliance amenable to supporting its preferences.1 Beijing infrastructure have affected bilateral ties, and how perceives Seoul as the weakest link in the U.S. Beijing might seek to cajole and coerce Seoul to defer alliance network, given its perception of South Korea’s to China’s interests amid the intensification of U.S.- deference and history of accommodating China’s rise China strategic competition. -
Agreement Between the United States and South Korea
Agreement Between The United States And South Korea Contents Introduction 1 Coverage and Social Security taxes 2 Certificate of coverage 3 Monthly benefits 5 How benefits can be paid 7 A Korean pension may affect your U.S. benefit 7 What you need to know about Medicare 7 Claims for benefits 8 Authority to collect information for a certificate of coverage (see pages 3-4) 9 Contacting Social Security 9 Introduction benefits. It does not cover benefits under the U.S. Medicare program or the Supplemental An agreement effective April 1, 2001, between Security Income program. the United States and the Republic of Korea This booklet covers highlights of the agreement (South Korea) improves Social Security and explains how it may help you protection for people who work or have worked while you . in both countries. It helps many people who, work and when you apply for benefits without the agreement, would not be eligible The agreement may help you, your for monthly retirement, disability or survivors family and your employer benefits under the Social Security system of • While you work — If your work is covered one or both countries. It also helps people who by both the U.S. and Korean Social Security would otherwise have to pay Social Security systems, you (and your employer, if you are taxes to both countries on the same earnings. employed) would normally have to pay Social The agreement covers Social Security taxes Security taxes to both countries for the same (including the U.S. Medicare portion) and work. The agreement eliminates this double retirement, disability and survivors insurance coverage, so you pay taxes to only one system (see pages 2-5).