1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 403 Also, a bill CH. R. 3868) for the relief of Leland Francis of an air-mail terminal for New York City at the municipal Olson; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. airport at New York City, Floyd Bennett Field; to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R. 3869) for the relief of Marcus Lee; to mittee on the Post Office and Post Roads. the Committee on Naval Affairs. 116. By Mr. MEAD: Petition of nine national organiza­ · Also, a bill Texas: Petition of Oscar Sheets Rogers; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Withrow and numerous other citizens of Mineola, Wood Also, a bill

PETITIONS, ETC. SENATE Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were MONDAY, JANUARY 14, _1935 laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: The Chaplain, Rev. Z~Barney T. Phillips, D. D., offered the · 109. By Mr. DIES: A petition of J. C. Carlton and other following prayer: citizens of Angeline County, Tex., favoring the enactment of a reasonable old-age-pension law; to the Committee on Almighty God, whose greatness flows aroun.d our incom­ Labor. · · pleteness and in whose rest our restlessness subsides, help us to make each day a fresh beginning; help us to find each 110. By Mr. EKWALL: Petition of the Council of the City mom a world made new. . of Portland, Oreg.; to the Committee on Military Affairs. When we are tempted to believe that might has wori the 111. By Mr. FOCHT: Petition regarding the unemploy­ title to existence and marks the measure of man's work, re­ ment-insurance bill January 10, 1935, tread we may follow in the steps of His most holy life. We "That it is the sense of this body that this Nation needs ask it in His name and for His sake. Amen. uniform provision for the payment of old-age pensions and that this body respectfully recommends to the Congress of THE JOURNAL the United States, now in session, that it make adequate The Chief Clerk proceeded to read the Journal of the provisions for the payment of pensions; to the Committee proceedings of Thursday, January 10, 1935, when, on re­ on Ways and Means. quest of Mr. ROBINSON and by unanimous consent, the fur­ 115. By Mr. GOODWIN: Petition of the Maritime Asso­ ther reading was dispensed with, and the Journal was ciation of the Port of New York, favoring the establishment approved. 404 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 14 MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT from New Jersey [Mr. BARBOUR] and the Senator from South Messages in writing from the President of the United Dakota [Mr. NORBECK] are unavoidably detained; and that States were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Latta, one the Senator from Wyoming [MI. CAREY] is absent on ac­ of his secretaries. count of a death in his family. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-three Senators have an­ swered to their names. A quorum is present. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Haltigan, one of its clerks, announced that the House had ANNuAL REPORT OF CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION passed a bill rn. R. 3410) making appropriations for the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a message Executive Office and sundry independent executive bureaus, from the President of the United States, which was read boards, commissions, and offices for the fiscal year ending and referred to the Committee on Civil Service, as follows: June 30, 1936, and for other purposes, in which it requested To the Congress of the United States: the concurrence of the Senate. As required by the act of Congress to regulate and im­ DEATH OF WIFE OF SENATOR FRAZIER prove the civil service of the United States, approved Jan­ Mr. NYE. Mr. President, on last Thursday I gave notice uary 16, 1883, I transmit herewith the Fifty-first Annual Re­ of my intention to speak today upon the munitions subject. port of the United States Civil Service Commission for the Until this morning it had been my plan to do so; but there fiscal year ended June 30, 1934. has befallen my colleague, Mr. FRAZIER, and his household FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT". such sorrow-there has taken place such loss as we must all THE WHITE HOUSE, January 14, 1935. feel. more or less, by reason of the death of the wife of my California [Mr. McADooJ, the Senator from Maryland [Mr. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from the Attorney General, transmitting, pursuant to law, a TYDINGS], and the Senator-elect from Tennessee [Mr. Mc­ report showing the names of the persons employed under· KELLARJ on the Philippine Commission. I announce also the absence of the Senator from Louisi­ the appropriation for the support of United St~tes prisoners, the annual rate of compensation paid to each, together with ana [Mr. OVERTON], occasioned by illness~ Mr. RUSSELL. I wish to announce that my colleague a description of their duties, which, with the accompanying the senior Senator from Georgia [Mr. GEORGE] is detained report, was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. from the Senate by a slight cold. STATISTICAL STUDIES OF DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Mr. AUSTIN. I desire to announce that my colleague the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter junior Senator from Vermont [Mr. GmsoN] is absent in the from the Secretary.of Labor, transmitting, pursuant to law, a Philippines on the business of the Senate; that the Senator report of statistical studies performed by the Department of 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 405 Labor for other than Government activities, which, with the He also presented a resolution· adopted by the board of accompanying report, was referred to the Committee on directors of the Hays Mexico, which was re­ fully petition that one of the first articles of legislation enacted in f erred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. the coming session of Congress be an act to provide for emergency Mr. COPELAND presented a resolution adopted by the seed loans in the year 1935. Medical Society of the State of New York, favoring the ALBERT w. UPHOFF (and others). keeping of all features of medical service in any method of REMONETIZATION OF SILVER practice under the control of the medical profession, etc., Mr. WHEELER presented resolutions adopted by the which was referred to the Committee on Finance. Northwest Mining Association, which were referred to the Mr. CAPPER presented a resolution adopted by the Bar Committee on Finance and ordered to be printed in the Association of Franklin County, at Ottawa, Kans., favoring RECORD, as fallows: the ratification of the World Court protocols, which was Whereas from the dawn of recorded history until A. D. 1873 the ordered to lie on the table. commercial nations o! the world used a bimetallic monetary 406 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .JANUARY 14

system, the ratio of gold and silver being approrlmately 16 to 1; nation that "Despite all assertions to the contrary, accession to and the Court may actually be considered as a rapprochement to the Whereas the experience of the past 60 years, following the de­ League of Nations itself; after au, facts are facts; they are monetization of silver in 1873, has demonstrated that the single stronger and speak more clearly than speeches, the more so should gold standard is an unsatisfactory, unstable, and costly experi­ such speeches not be correct." If this conclusion was not in itself ment, resulting in world-wide financial chaos and the final forced patent, it certainly fs clearly implied by remarks attributed to cer­ abandonment of that standard by practically all nations; and tain Senators in regard to this project which have been reported Whereas the United States, as the major world power, Is now in in the morning papers today. However this may be, the Mem­ position to settle its own monetary policies, without dictation bers of the Senate will surely recall that article 415 of the Treaty from the international bankers or the governments of the Old of Versailles refers to the Court as H the Permanent Court of In­ World, and there is every reason to believe that the remonetiza­ ternational Justice of the League of Nations." (Emphasis sup­ tion of silver by the United States would result within 1 year in plied.) similar action by every nation with which this country has com­ The American Coalition cordially supports the principle of a mercial relations; and peaceful settlement of international disputes by arbitration for Whereas the administration, under the inspired leadership of which adequate machinery already exists, but in conclusion allow President Franklin D. Roosevelt. has already recognized the neces­ me to bring to your attention the fact that the decisions of the sity and importance of taking some steps toward the remonetiza­ World Court are by its constitution enforceable by various statutes tion of silver but has not yet restored the money of the people to of the League of Nations, which are pollce powers too well known its ancient and stable status: Therefore be it to need enumeration here. It does not seem to me possible, in Resolved, That the Northwest Mining Association, comprising the light of these facts, for any person to deny that the League producers of gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, t.ron~ coal, and other is in effect an embryonic, if not an actual, superstate, and that minerals, in fortieth annual convention assembled this 15th day adherence to an agency thereof must in effect be in derogation of December 1934 in Spokane, Wash. ., does hereby call upon the of the sovereignty of the United States. The Senate of the United President and Congress of the United States to cast o!f the shackles states under the Constitution, in my opinio~ has no power to im­ of the international money changers and to restore to the Ameri­ pair the sovereignty of this Nation. can people the sound money of their forefathers by the immediate Respectfully submitted. and unconditional remonetization of silver at its historic ratio of JOHN B. TREvoR, President. 16 to 1; and be it further Resolved, That copies of this resolution be sent to the President AUTHORIZATION FOR COMMITTEE HEARINGS of the United States and to both Houses of Congress and be given to the public press. Mr. BYRNES~ From the Committee to Audit and Control Recommended by the comm.ittee on resolutions, December 15, the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, I report back certain 1934, and unanimously adopted by the association as of the same resolutions without amendment and one with an amend­

Senate Resolution 40, submitted by Mr. WALSH on January A bill -CS. 867) providing for the establishment of the 10, 1935: Gen. John J. Pershing National Military Park near Laclede, Resolved, That Senate Resolution 228, agreed to May 30, l934, in Linn County, Mo.; to the Committee on Military Affairs. authorizing the Committee on Education and Labor to investigate A bill CS. 868) granting a pension to Mary A. Phillips; to the "kick-back racket" in public works and construction, hereby the Committee on Pensions. is continued in full force and e:trect until the end of the Seventy­ fourth Congress. By Mr. POPE: A bill CS. 869) to improve the navigability of the Columbia The Senate proceeded to consider the resolution CS. Res. River and its tributaries; to provide for the fiood control of 37) submitted by Mr. HARRISON on January 10, 1935, and the Columbia River and its tributaries; to provide for re­ reported this day by Mr. BYRNES from the Committee to forestation and the use of marginal lands in the Columbia Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate River Basin; to provide for the agricultural and industrial with an amendment, in line 5, after the word ".custom", to development of the Columbia River Basin; to provide for the strike out " currency and coinage matters ", so as to make irrigation of lands in the Columbia River Basin; to provide the resolution read: for the development of electrical power in the Columbia Resolved, That the Committee on Finance, or any subcommittee River Basin; and for other purposes; to the Committee on thereof, be, and hereby is, authorized to sit during the sessions Agriculture and Forestry. or recesses of the Seventy-fourth Congress at such times and places as they may deem advisable; to make investigations into By Mr. BACHMAN: internal revenue, customs, and other matters within its jurisdic­ A bill CS. 870) for the relief of Smith Wall; to the Com­ tion, and to compile and prepare statistics and documents relating mittee on Claims. thereto as directed from time to time by the Senate and as may be necessary; and to report from time to time to the Senate the A bill (S. 871) authorizing the President of the United result thereof; to send for persons, books, and papers, to adminis­ States to appoint Sgt. Alyin C. York as a major in the United ter oaths, and to employ such expert, stenographic, clerical, and States Army and then place him on the retired list; to the other assistance as may be necessary; and all of the expenses of such committee shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Committee on Military Affairs. Senate; and the committee is authorized to order such printing By Mr. WALSH: and binding as may be necessary for its use. A bill CS. 872) for the allowance of certain claims for The amendment was agreed to. extra labor above the legal day of 8 hours at the several The re.solution as amended was agreed to. navy yards and shore stations certified by the Court of Claims; to the Committee on Educaition and Labor. BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED A bill CS. 873) to prevent discriminations against Ameri­ Bills and joint resolutions were introduced, read the first can ships and ports, and for other purposes; to the Com­ time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and re­ mittee on Commerce. f erred as follows: A bill (S. 874) to amend paragraph (1) of section 3, as By Mr. LEWIS: amended February 28, 1920, and March 4, 1927 CU. S. C., A bill (S. 855) granting a pension to Emma H. Hughes; to title 49, sec. 3), of the Interstate Commerce Act CU. S. C., the Committee on Pensions. title 49, ch. 1) ; to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. By Mr. AUSTIN: A bill CS. 875) for the relief of Michael F. Calnan; A bill (S. 856) granting a pension to Ella W. Cleveland; A bill CS. 876) for the relief of Edgar Joseph Casey; to the Committee on Pensions. A bill CS. 877) to place William H. Clinton on the retired By Mr. LA FOLLETTE: list of the Navy; A bill (S. 857) to authorize the Department of Labor to A bill CS. 878) for the relief of Ray Funcannon; continue to make special statistical studies upon payment of A bill CS. 879) for the relief of Denis Healy; the cost thereof, and for other purposes; to the Committee A bill CS. 880) for the relief of Dominick Edward Maggio; on Education and Labor. A bill CS. 881) for the relief of Leo James McCoy; By Mr. CONNALLY: A bill (S. 882) for the relief of Albert Lawrence Sliney; A bill (S. 858) to regulate interstate and foreign com­ A bill (S. 883) directing the retirement of acting assistant merce in petroleum and its products by prohibiting the ship­ surgeons of the United States Navy at the age of 64 yea.rs; ment in such commerce of petroleum and its products pro­ A bill (S. 884) for the relief of Lt. Com. G. C. Manning; duced in violation of State law, and for other purposes; to and the Committee on Mines and Mining. A bill CS. 885) to correct the naval record of Joseph By Mr. SMITH: Horace Albion Normandin; to the Committee on Naval A bill CS. 859) to provide for loans to farmers for crop Affairs. production and harvesting during the year 1935, and for A bill (S. 886) for the relief of Marino Ambrogi; other purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. A bill CS. 887) for the relief of Edward T. Costello; A bill CS. 888) for the relief of Joseph Gorman; By Mr. HARRISON: . A bill CS. 889) for the relief of Albert A. Marquardt; A bill CS. 860) for the relief of James Francis McDonald A bill CS. 890) for the relief of Michael J. Moran; and Sarah Elizabeth McDonald; to the Committee on Claims. A bill CS. 891) for the relief of Hector H. Perry; By Mr. LONG: A bill CS. 892) providing for the promotion of certain officers and enlisted men of the Army, Navy, and Marine A bill CS. 861) relative to the holding of terms of court in the fifth judicial circuit; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Corps when transferred from the active to the retired list; A bill (S. 893) for the relief of Patrick J. Sullivan; and By Mr. McNARY: A bill CS. 894) for the relief of Robert H. Wilder; to the A bill CS. 862) for the relief of the Portland Iron Works; to the Committee on Claims. Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (S. 863) authorizing a preliminary examination of A bill (S. 895) to carry out the findings of the Court of the lower Columbia River, with a view to the controlling of Claims in the case of the Atlantic Works, of Boston, Mass.; :fioods; A bill (S. 896) for the relief of Anna W. Ayer, widow of A bill (S. 864) to authorize preliminary examination and Capt. Asa G. Ayer, deceased; survey of De Poe Bay, Oreg.; and A bill CS. 897) for the relief of the estate of Milton L. A bill CS. 865) authorizing a survey of the Willamette .aaxter; River and its tributaries, in the State of Oregon, with a view A bill CS. 898) for the relief of the Central Dredging Co.; to controlling floods; to the Committee on Commerce. A bill CS. 899) for the relief of John J. Corcoran; · By Mr. TRUMAN: A bill CS. 900) for the relief of Arthur K. Finney; A bill (S. 866) to provide for the appointment of additional A bill Brooklyn, N. Y.; to the Com­ A bill (S. 908) for the relief of Edwin C. Jenney, receiver mittee on Claims. of the First National Bank of Newton, Mass.; A bill (S. 938) creating the World War Memorial Commis­ A bill (S. 909) for the relief of Edwin C. Jenney, .receiver sion and providing for the erection, in Washington, of a of the First National Bank of Newton, Mass.; memorial to the soldiers, sailors, and marines of the United A bill (S. 910) for the relief of Bertram Rich; States who lost their lives in the World War; and A bill (S. 911> for the relief of Thelma Lucy Rounds; A bill (S. 939) making an appropriation to carry out the A bill

J 410 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 14 with the merchandising of the 1934 Cuban sugar quota 1n the gency was regarded as sufficient to justify the closing of United States; (c) the names of all so-called "long" and "short" traders in December sugar futures on the New York Coffee and the sugar exchange, and that Herbert Hoover, who was then Sugar Exchange if available; (b) the names of the members of the one of the advisers of President Wilson, apparently recom­ board of directors and of the managers of the New York Coffee mended that course. and Sugar Exchange and of the personnel of the Cuban Sugar Mr. will ai Stabilization Inst itute; ( e) the names of any banks or other VANDENBERG. The resolution not produce financial institutions in the United States known to the Depart­ direct recommendation from the Secretary of Agriculture. ment or the A. A. A. to have been connected with financing, or The Senator from Colorado will recall that the Senator from refusing to finance, the 1934 Cuban sugar crop; (f) the effect, if Arkansas objected to a request of that character. I believe any, of Cuban price decrees and of the so-called " corner " in December futures upon the sugar-price index in the United the resolution will produce information from which the States; and (g) any other available information bearing upon Senate upon its own responsibility may accurately answer additional legislation that may be needed to safeguard the objec­ the question which the Senator from Colorado submits. tive of the Jones-Costigan Act or to control commodity dealings on the New York Coffee and Sugar Exchange. Mr. COSTIGAN. It is conceivable that such a recom­ mendation may prove to be in line with the objectives of the Mr. ROBINSON. Mr. President, I understand that the sugar act and consistent with the public interest. resolution in its present form has the approval of the Sena­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, before the resolution tor from Colorado [Mr. COSTIGAN] and the Senator from shall be agreed to, I think the RECORD ought to show that, Wyoming [Mr. O'MA.HoNEYl. as the Senator from Michigan said, he discussed the subject Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator is correct. matter with the Senator from Colorado [Mr. CosTIGAN] and Mr. ROBINSON. Those Senators collaborated in the myself this morning, I said I would have no objection to preparation of the so-called "Jones-Costigan Act." the resolution in its present form. · Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator is correct. I did, however, express the feeling that the resolution Mr. ROBINSON. In its present form, I make no objection asks for information which is not within the official respon­ to the resolution. sibility of the Secretary of Agriculture, namely, the names The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the consid­ of the long and short traders upon the New York Coffee eration of the resolution? and Sugar Exchange. That exchange is not under the Mr. HARRISON. Mr. President, I am not going to make direction of the Secretary of Agriculture. Therefore any any objection to the immediate consideration of the resolu­ information which he might have would not be official tion, but I wish to make this observation. It has been the information. I think there is no objection to having him practice in the Senate to offer such resolutions and ask for supply the Senate with all facts he may have. immediate consideration. It seems to be the better prac­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to tice in reference to resolutions of this kind is that they the resolution as modified. should first be referred to a standing committee for consid­ The resolution as modified was agreed to. in eration and report. I shall not this instance object and REDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH thus violate a precedent long established, but it is my pur­ pose to object in the future to the consideration of such Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I send to the desk a radio resolutions until they shall have been referred to a standing address and a letter by myself which I ask to have inserted committee. in the RECORD. Mr. KING. Mr. President, I should like to ask the Senator There being no objection, the address and the letter were from Michigan a question, and I do so because of two inquir­ ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: ies received this morning from Utah, from gentlemen who Ladies and gentlemen, there is a verse which says that the are deeply interested in the question, as to the effect of the " Saddest words of tongue or pen operations upon the domestic market and particularly the Are these: 'It might have been.'" effect upon the productton and marketing of sugar produced I must tell you good people of our beloved United States that in the beet-sugar sections of our country. the saddest words I have to say are: Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I have the general "I told you so!" conviction that the terms of the Jones-Costigan Act and the In January 1932 I stood on the floor of the United States Senate and told what would happen in 1933. It all came to pass. establishment of quotas under it either have been used or In March 1933, a few days after Mr. Roosevelt had become could be used, as a result of the experience of the last 3 President and had made a few of his moves, I said what to expect months, by private speculators to exploit the beet-sugar in 1934. That came to pass. producers. The information is sufficiently elusive that I As the Congress met in the early months of 1934 and I had a chance to see the course of events for that year, I again gave have been unable by personal effort to secure it. The reso­ my belief on what would happen by the time we met again this lution asks for such official information as may bear upon January 1935. I am grieved to say to you that this week I had to the general objective and upon the inquiry submitted to me say on the floor of the United States Senate, "I told you so!" · How I wish tonight that I might say to you that all my fears by the Senator from utah. I believe the information thus and beliefs of last year proved untrue! But here are the facts-- sent for will probably justify a more formal inquiry. 1. We have 1,000,000 more men out of work now than 1 year ago. Mr.- KING. Another inquiry, if the Senator will permit. 2. We have had to put 5,000,000 more families on the dole than Is there such close connection between the sugar operators we had there a year ago. and the coffee operators as that there should be a refer­ 3. The newspapers report from the Government statistics that this past year we had an increase in the money made by the big ence in the resolution to those who are engaged in the buying men, but a decrease in the money made py the people of average and selling of coffee? and small means. In other words, still " the rich getting richer Mr. VANDENBERG. Yes. The commodity exchange in and the poor getting poorer.'' 4. The United States Government's Federal Deposit Insurance New York, which deals in sugar, is the New York Coffee and Corporation reports that it has investigated to see who owns the Sugar Exchange. money in the banks, and they wind up by showing that two-thirds Mr. COSTIGAN. Mr. President, the courteous Senator of 1 percent of the people own 67 percent of all the money in the from Michigan has accurately reported the general concur­ banks, showing again that the average man and the poor man have less than ever of what we have left in this country and that the big rence of the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. OMAHom;Y] and man has more of it. myself with respect to the resolution of the Senator from So, without going into more figures, the situation finally presents Michigan. to us once more the fact that a million more people are out of Listening to the reading of the resolution it has, however, work; 5,000,000 more are on the dole, and that many more are crying to get on it; the rich earn more, the common people earn occurred to me to ask the Senator from Michigan whether less; more and more the rich get hold of ,what there is in the he is satisfied that it permits a possible recommendation country, and, in general, America travels on toward its route by the Secretary of Agr~culture of the closing of those activi­ to--. ties of that part of the New York Coffee and Sugar Ex­ Now, what is there to comfort us on this situation? In other words, is there a. silver lining? Let's see if there is. I read the change which relates to sugar? The aible Senator from following newspaper clipping on what our President of the United Michigan will recall that during the World War the emer- States is supposed to think about it. It reads as follows: 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 411 [From the New Orleans Morning Tribune, Dec. 18, 1934) men as the Astors, etc., maybe I ought to have had better sense .. PRESIDENT FORBIDS MOP.E TAXES ON RICH-TELLS CONGRESSMEN than to have believed he would ever break down their big fortunes INCREASES MIGHT MAKE BUSINESS STAMPEDE to give enough to the masses to end poverty-maybe some will think me weak for ever believing it all, but millions of other people By the United Press were fooled the same as myself. I was like a drowning man grab­ "WASHINGTON, December 17.-The administration is determined bing at a straw, I guess. The face and eyes, the hungry forms of to prevent any considerable increase in taxes on the very rich, mothers and children, the aching hearts of students denied educa­ many of whom pay no taxes at all, on the ground that such a plan tion were before our eyes, and when Roosevelt promised. we would cause another 'stampede' by business. Word has been jumped for that ray of hope. · sent up to Democratic congressional leaders that it is essential So therefore I call upon the men and women of America to nothing be done to injure confidence. The less said about dis­ immediately join in our work and movement to share our wealth. tribution of wealth, limitation of earned income, and taxes on There are thousands of share-our-wealth societies organized 1n capital, ' new dealers ' feel, the better. the United States now. We want a hundred thousand such socie­ "Repeatedly since the Democrats won a two-thirds majority in ties formed for every nook and corner of this country-societies both Houses in the congressional elections last month the ad.min­ that will meet, talk, and work, all for the purpose that the great istration has sought to assure the worker, the taxpayer, and the wealth and abundance of this great land that belongs to us may be manufacturer that they had nothing to fear. shared and enjoyed by all of us. "Meantime reports reached the Capital that fear of potential We have nothing more for which we -should ask the Lord. He increases in inheritance taxes and gift levies at the coming Con­ has allowed this land to have too much of everything that human­ gress was in part responsible for the failure of private capital to ity needs. take up a greater share of the recovery burden." That ends the news article on what President Roosevelt has had So in this land of God's abundance we propose laws, viz: 1. The fortunes of the multimillionaires and billionaires shall to say. be reduced so that no one person shall own more than a few President Roosevelt was elected on November 8, 1932. People look upon an elected President as the President. This is January million dollars to the person. We would do this by a capital levy ~ax. On the first million that a man was worth we would not 1935. We are in our third year of the Roosevelt depression, with impose any tax. We would say, "All right for your first million the conditions growing worse. That says nothing about the state dollars, but after you get that rich you will have to start helping of our national finances. I do not even bring that in for important the balance of us." So we would not levy any capital levy tax on mention, except to give the figures: the first million one owned. But on the second million a man Our national debt of today has risen to $28,500,000,000. When owns we would tax that 1 per cent, so that every year the man the World War ended we shuddered in our boots because the owned the second. million dollars he would be taxed $10 000. On national debt had climbed to $26,000,000,000. But we consoled the third million we would impose a tax of 2 percent.' On the ourselves by saying that the foreign countries owed us $11,000,- fourth million we would impose a tax of 4 percent. On the fifth 000,000 and that in reality the United States national debt was million we would impose a tax of 8 percent. On the sixth million only $15,000,000,000. But say that it was all of the $26,000,000,000 we would impose a tax of 16 percent. On the seventh million we today'. Without a war our national debt under Mr. Roosevelt has ~ould impose a tax of 32 percent. On the eighth million we would climbed up to $28,500,000,000, or more than we owed when the rmpose a tax of 64 percent; and on all over the eighth million we World War ended by 2¥2 billions of dollars. And in the Budget would impose a tax of 100 percent. What this would mean is that message of the President he admits that next year the public the annual tax would bring the biggest fortune down to three or debt of the United States will go up to $34,000,000,000, or 5Y:z four million dollars to _the person because no one could pay taxes billion dollars more than we now owe. very long in the higher brackets. But three to four million dol­ Now this big debt would not be so bad if we had something to lars is enough for any one person and his children and his show for it. If we had ended this depression once and for all we children's children. We cannot allow one to have more than that could say that it is worth it all, but at the end of this rainbow because it would not leave enough for the balance to have some­ of the greatest national debt in all history that must get bigger thing. and bigger, what do we find? One million more unemployed; 5,000,000 more families on the 2. We propose to limit the amount any one man can earn 1n dole, and another 5,000,000 trying to get there; the fortunes of the 1 year or inherit to $1,000,000 to the person. rich becoming bigger and the fortunes of the average and little 3. Now, by limiting the size of the fortunes and incomes of the men getting less and less; the money in the banks nearly all big men we will throw into the Government Treasury the money owned by a mere handful of people, and the President of the and property from which we will care for the millions of people United States quoted as saying: "Don't touch the rich!" who have nothing; and with this money we will proVtde a home I begged, I pleaded, and did everything else under the sun for and the comforts of home, with such common ~onveniences as over 2 years to try to get Mr. Roosevelt to keep his word that he radio and automobile, for every family in America, free of debt. gave to us; I hoped against hope that sooner or later he would 4. We guarantee food and clothing and employment for everyone .see the light and come back to his promises on which he was who should work by shortening the hours of labor to 30 hours per made President. I warned what would happen last year and for week, maybe less, and to 11 months per year, maybe less. We would this year if he did not keep these promises made to the people. have the hours shortened just so much as would give work to But going into this third year of Roosevelt's administration, I . everybody to produce enough for everybody; and if we were to get can hope for nothing further from the Roosevelt policies. And I them down to where they were too short, then we would lengthen call back to mind that whatever we have been able to do to tr7 them again. As long as all the people working can produce enough to hold the situation together during the past 3 years has been of automobiles, radios, homes, schools, and theaters for everyone forced down the throat of the national administration. I held to have that kind of comfort and convenience, then let us all have the fioor in the Senate for days until they allowed the bank laws work to do and have that much of heaven on earth. to be amended that permitted the banks in the small cities and 5. We would provide education at the expense of the States and towns to reopen. The bank deposit guaranty law and the Fra­ the United States for every child, not only through grammar school zier-Lemke farm debt moratorium law had to be passed in spite and high school but through to a college and vocational educa­ of the Roosevelt administration. I helped to pass them both. tion. We would simply extend the Louisiana plan to apply to col­ All the time we have pointed to the rising cloud of debt, the leges and all people. Yes; we would have to build thousands of increases in unemployment, th~ gradual slipping away of what more colleges and employ a hundred thousand more teachers; but mc:,ney the middle man and the poor man have into the hands of we have material&, men, and women who are ready and available the big masters, all the time we have prayed and shouted, begged for the work. Why have the right to a college education depend and pleaded, and now we hear the message once again from Roose­ upon whether the father or mother is so well to do as to send a velt that he cannot touch the big fortunes. boy or girl to college? We would give every child the right to Hope for more through Roosevelt? He has promised and prom­ education and a living at birth. ised, smiled and bowed; he has read fine speeches and told anyone 6. We would give a pension to all persons above 60 years of age 1n need to get in touch with him. What has it meant? in an amount sufficient to support them in comfortable circum­ We must now become awakened! We must know the truth and stances, excepting those who earn $1,000 per year or who are worth speak the truth. There is no use to wait 3 more years. It is not $10,000. Roosevelt or ruin; it is Roosevelt's ruin. 7. Until we could straighten things out-and we can straighten · Now, my friends, it makes no difierence who ls President or who things out in 2 months under our program-we would grant a is Senator. America is for 125,000,000 people and the unborn to moratorium on all debts which people owe that they cannot pay. come. We ran Mr. Roosevelt for the Presidency of the United And now you have our program, none too big, none too little, States because he promised to us by word of mouth and in but every man a king. writing: We owe debts in America today, public and private, amounting 1. That _the size of the big man's fortune would be reduced so to $252,000,000,000. That means that every child is born with a as to give the masses at the bottom enough to wipe out all $2,000 debt tied around his neck to hold him down before he gets poverty; and started. Then, on top of that, the wealth is locked in a vice 2. That the hours of labor would be so reduced that all would owned by a few people. We propose that children shall be born share in the work to be done and in consuming the abundance iii a· land of opportunity, guaranteed a home, food, clothes, and mankind produced. the other things that make for living, including the right to Hundreds of words were used by Mr. Roosevelt to make these education. promises to the people, but they were made over and over again. Our plan would - injure no one. It would not stop us from He reiterated these pledges even after he took his oath as Presi­ having millionaires--it would increase them tenfold, because so dent. Summed up, what these promises meant was: "Share our many more people could make a million dollars if they had the wealth." chance our plan gives them. Our plan would not break up big When I saw him spending all his time of ease and recreation with concerns. The only difference would be that maybe 10,000 people the business partners of Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., with such would own a concern instead of 10 people owning it. 412 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .JANUARY 14

But my friends, unless we do share our wealt~ unless we limlt Mr. BONE. Mr. President, as a member of the select com~ the size of the big man so as to give something to the little man, we can never have a happy or free people. God said so! He mittee named to investigate the activities of the munitions ordered it. business, I desire to approve the position taken by members of We have everything our people need. Too much of food, that committee who have reparted to the Senate on the work clothes, and houses--why not let all have their fill and lie down ln the ease and comfort God has given us? Why not? Because already accomplished, and to which report they have coupled a few own everything-the masses own nothing. a request for further funds to continue this work. My col­ I ·wonder if any of you people who are listening to me were leagues have made a careful and painstaking presentation ever at a barbecue! We used to go there-sometimes a thousand of many of the outstanding facts produced by this inquiry, people or more. If there were 1,000 people we would put enough meat and bread and everything else on the table for 1,000 people. and. therefore, I shall refrain from elaborating on these Then everybody would be called and everyone would eat all they facts which are so startling as to challenge the attention wanted. But suppose at one of these barbecues for 1,000 people not only of the people of this country but of the entire that one man took 90 percent of the food and ran off with it and world. · ate until he got sick and let the balance rot. Then 999 people would have only enough for 100 to eat and there would be many Because of the broad field to be covered, and the limita­ to starve because of the greed of just one person for something tions of time and money, the committee has largely resti·icted he couldn't eat himself. its inquiry to the field of combat munitions; but the re­ Well, ladies and gentlemen, America, all the people of America, have been invited to a barbecue. God invited us all to come and sults obtained must lead all thoughtful citizens to the con­ eat and drink all we wanted. He smiled on our land and we grew clusion that we are dealing with a business capable of creat­ crops of plenty to eat and wear. He showed us in the earth the ing and which has created situations fraught with grave iron and other things to make everything we wanted. He un­ peril to the peace of the world. The picture so far presented folded to us the secrets of science so that our work might be easy. God called: " Come to my feast." indicates the necessity for the most searching inquiry into Then what happened? Rockefeller, Morgim, and their crowd the activities and ramifications of the private munitions stepped up and took enough for 120,000,000 people and left only business of this country and its relations to similar business enough for 5,000,000 for all the other 125,000,000 to eat. And so many millions must go hungry and without these good things God enterprises of foreign countries. gave us unless we eal1 on them to put some of it back. The Senate has had a most able presentation of facts and I call on you to organize share-our-wealth societies. Write to arguments from my colleagues t>n this committee. Certainly me in Washington 1f you will help. Let us dry the eyes of those who suffer; let us lift the hearts of the eloquence, candor, and blunt frankness of the able Sena­ the sad. There is plenty. There is more. Why should we not tors who have preceded me leave little to be said to justify secure laws to do_ justice-laws that were promised to us-never the request of the committee for additional funds. I think should we have quibbled over the soldiers' bonus. We need that Members of the Senate, like the public at large, are im­ money circulating among our people. That is why I offered the amendment to pay it last year. I will do so again this year. pressed with the gravity of the issues and problems presented Why weep or slumber, America? by the revelations of this inquiry. Land of brave and true, We have been made to realize that the work of the com­ With castles, clothing, and food for all mittee has not met with approval in quarters where huge All belongs to you. private profits, no matter how made, are regarded as sacred. Ev'ry man a king, ev•ry man a king, We have been criticized for presuming to ask questions, the For you can be a millionaire; But there's something belonging to others, answers to which were most embarrassing to men in high There's enough for all people to share. places. It is not for me to answer or attempt to answer When it's sunny June and December, too, these criticisms. The people of this country will make an­ Or in the wintertime or spring, swer if they are given an opportunity. It is only fair, how­ There'll be peace without end, Ev'ry neighbor a friend, ever, to say that some men in the munitions industry keenly With ev'ry man a king. realize and admit that this business has a most sordid side. These men were frank with the committee, and were honest UNITED STATES SENATE, in justifying their participation in this kind of business with Washington, D. 0. the argument that "if we don't do it, someone else will.'' DEAR FRIEI..-n: Two reports are repeatedly published in the news­ papers and announced in programs rendered by the big interests They admitted the huge profits which seem to be the very 1n their radio programs. The first report is that I am a man of keystone of the arch of this business. Bona fide commis­ great means. If I could sell everything I own, which is not much, sions paid to salesmen were so far out of line with those I could not pay one-half of my debts. paid by the average business as to present a bewildering The other report repeatedly printed and circulated is that the speeches and literature which I send out are printed at Govern­ picture to the members of the committee. Graft money ment expense. That statement is also false. With the exception paid to public officials, in some cases, was also added to the of Government bulletins, etc., everything we sent out, including burden of commissions. Naturally, a business which affords the enclosed document, must be paid for by us. We are frequently such easy access to huge profits is an attractive business. unable to pay some of our printing accounts, and, therefore, have to delay sending out articles reques~d of us until we can find Doubtless this angle of profit will explain why successful money with which to do so. That fact can be verified by the efforts have been made to stifie peace moves. It explains the accounts we have owed to the Government Printing omce. _ strange paradox of the private rearming of Germany in the We do not make any solicitation of you for any help, and are giad of the privilege to send anything we can on request absolutely face of international prohibitions. It explains to the average free, in the hope that those who feel that our cause is just will person why gentlemen with impressive titles of nobility have make known to their neighbors some of the facts which we expressed sentiments strangely familiar to prosecutors who furnish. have handled underworld problems, and why some business Yours sincerely, HUEY P. LoNG, men who disclaim antisocial views seem to find no wrong in United States SenatJune 1933 the Senator from Missouri [Mr. CLARK] Senate confronts the fact that private shipyards have in­ introduced a similar amendment to strike out title I, and creased the bid price on a cruiser from $8,000,000 in De­ was joined by Senators on both sides of the aisle, title I had cember 1932 to $16,000,000 in August 1934 there is cause a narrow escape. It was the friends of title II who saved the for a most complete and searching inquiry into the reason so-called" Recovery Act." There was strong support for the for this extraordinary demand on the Public Treasury. La Follette-Costigan public-works bill and the Wagner Eight million dollars would pay for a lot of Senate investi­ public-works and employment bill, which had made strong gations. It would feed a lot of hungry people. Certainly headway in the Seventy-second Congress. The only way to the cost of this investigation cannot be the occasion for secure passage of the public-works measure with administra­ question while bid prices on war vessels go up 100 percent tion support was to tie it to the recovery title I, providing for in 2 years. That sort of an increase in the cost of pre­ the N. R. A. It was title II that passed title I, and only by paredness will impose a staggering burden on the people of this logrolling of the President was it possible. this Nation, and one they can ill afford to bear in these The trusts and monopolies of America thereby got a sus­ critical times. It will make the new naval program a pension of the antitru.St laws, for which they had been work­ Roman holiday for private shipbuilders. From my contacts izw for 30 years. The clause for that suspension, giving a 414 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 14 free hand to trust exploitation, was the genius of the N. R. A. Says the Chief Justice- Two years of industrial "emergency" have been the logical that the Executive orders of July 11, 1933, and July 14, 1933, and result. the regulations issued by the Secretary of the Interior thereunder, Let us strike out title I, restore the antitrust laws, and are without constitutional authority. The decrees of the circuit court of appeals are reversed, and repeal the 670 prohibition codes of the national ruin act. the causes are remanded to the district court with direction to Unless by act Congress at an early date shall terminate at modify its decrees in conformity with this opinion so as to gr~nt one effective blow the whole brood of 670 monopoly grants permanent injunctions restraining the defendants from enforcing those orders and regulations. · called "N. R. A.", they are doomed to a piecemeal death, It is so ordered. one by one or in groups, by the laborious and expensive methods of the courts, or by falling down through inherent Here we have the first repeal act with respect to the 670 weakness. If the aim of the Government is efficiency and prohibition and monopoly codes of N. R. A. The reasoning economy, the logical thing to do is to make an end of the in this case is applicable to all acts involving delegation of agony by one repealing act. lecrislative power by Congress to the Executive and his The 670 codes of N. I. R. A. are, in effect, so many prohibi­ b.;reaucracy of 49 bureaus and 13 commissions. tion acts upan normal industry, while extending monopoly Why wait for the inevitable? Has not Congress the cour.. grants to the benefited industrial trusts. The codes prohibit age to clean its own stable? Why not make the repeal gen­ the lawful and normal pursuit of every industry and trade, eral? Even General Johnson, the famous administrator and excepting the business in intoxicating liquors covered by the chief author of the N. R. A., says," The N. R. A. is dead as a eighteenth amendment. When the country resolved to repeal doornail." He further adds, with excusable gusto, that the the Volstead Act, Congress voted for repeal. We did it by present administration thereof has "fieas in the pants." one summary act. We did not wait for the long processes of Moreover, on the day following the Supreme Court deci­ time and slow death. We passed one repeal bill. Why is sion, the N. R. A. administration itself announced that it not that the most efficient and painless method of winding up would abandon 300 price-fixing and service-ruling codes. the 670 prohibition codes of N. I. R. A.? This executive repeal of 300 codes, plus one repeal by the The Supreme Court has shown us the way in knocking out Supreme Court, would leave of the original 670 only 269 pro­ hibition acts requiring repeal by Congress. Why not be mer­ by a vote of 8 to 1, in the case of the Petroleum Code, t~e fundamental defect of all the 670 codes, namely, an unconsti­ ciful in shooting the beast outright, instead of prolonging the tutional delegation of legislative power to the Executive. .If agony on the installment plan-here cutting off a hind foot, Congress had no constitutional authority to delegate legis­ there a forepaw, then a section of the tail or an ear, and lative power to the Executive in the case of the Petroleum finally a whole quarter or a midriff, and the old critter Code, Congress had no constitutional authority to delegate howling and disturbing the whole neighborhood-while the legislative pawer to the Executive on any code. coroner reports," She is dead as a doornail", and the veteri .. narian in charge has " fieas in the pants "? we had no constitutional authority to delegate our legis­ lative power on any measure. That was plain enough from Let us put N. R. A. out of her agony by one repeal act and save several millions in cost of caretakers, veterinarians, the start. It was pointed out by the Senator from Idaho medicines, messenger boys and nurses, hospital bills, and pat­ [Mr. BoRAHJ many times, and elaborated by him in a notable address on Delegation of Power, an exhaustive review of a ronage " pork." Let us relieve American industry and trade hundred years of the opinions of the United States Supreme of all these insane prohibitions. Let us give monopoly, whose corporation heads constitute the code authorities, Court, all converging in the view announced in the opi~ion delivered by Chief Justice Hughes in the petroleum case, Just their final walking papers and restore the antitrust laws settled. It was pointed out by good lawyers on both sides of against their unlawful exploitation of consumers. Let us this Chamber-by the Senator from Missouri [Mr. CLARK], quit this cracking down on legitimate industries and begin building up American industry as is being done among our by the Senator from Vermont [Mr. AusTmJ, by the Senator competitors in Canada, Europe, Asia, Africa, and South from Nevada [Mr. McCARRAN], by the Senator from Delaware America. [Mr. HASTINGS], by the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. GORE], by the Senator from Oregon [Mr. STEIWER], by the Senator The first codes of the N. R. A. were imposed in July 1933. from Michigan [Mr. VANDENBERG], by the Senators from From July to November that year American industrial pro­ duction fell about 25 percent-as against a boom in Canada Virginia, the Old Dominion State w~ich ga~e the country most of the early Presidents and Chief Justice John Mar­ and Great Britain, and as against a rise of about 10 percent shall-and I am wondering if any of the 18 lawyers on the in the July-November fall season of even 1932 in the United Senate Judiciary Committee, including the chairman, the States. In 1934 again there was a sharp decline from May to distinguished Senator from Arizona [Mr. ASHURST], enter­ tained in their innermost convictions any materially different November, whereas in Canada and Great Britain there was view from that now expressed by Chief Justice Hughes, t}lat a strong uptrend which enabled those countries to wipe out Congress cannot delegate or abdicate its legislative power their treasury deficits and show a normal surplus. Is it not lawfully, even though demanded by the irresistible smiling time that t.he United States quit the business of cracking Executive. down and cracking up honest enterprises, and again exhibit The Supreme Court finds, with respect to the delegation of the Treasury surplus which it enjoyed from 1920 to 1930? legislative power in the Petroleum Code: Why delay recovery by bold experiments creating planned emergencies? This planned emergency has already added If section 9 (c) were held valid, it would be idle to pretend that to the unemployed over a million, according to William anything would be left upon limitatio~ of the power o~ the Con­ gress to delegate its lawmaking function. The reasorung of t~e Green, president of the American Federation of Labor. many decisions we have reviewed would b~ ma:de vacuous and thell' It is evident from the President's Budget message that decisions nugatory. Instead of performmg its lawmak~g func­ he has planned an emergency extension until 1936. Having tion Congress could at will and as to such subjects as it chooses transfer that function to the President or other officer. or. to. an expended $4,000,000,000 of emergency in 1934-the he.aviest administrative body. The question is not of the intrms1c ~m­ distribution being in October just before the fall elections-­ portance of the particular statute before us, but o~ the constitu­ he now asks for $4,600,000,000 of 1935 emergency and $4,l?O,­ tional processes of legislation which are an essential part of our system of government. ooo 000 of 1936 emergency to tide through the 1936 campaign. rt ls fortunate for the Treasury debt and deficit that the Whereupon the Court concludes: next presidential election is not delayed until 1937, 1938, We cannot regard the President as immune from the ~pplica­ 1939 or 1940---or planned emergency might be extended in.. tion of these constitutional principles. When the President is defutltely, until we had a government debt exceeding the invested with legislative authority as the delegate of Congress in carrying out a declared policy, he necessarily ac~s under the combined debt of the 22 leading countries of Europe. constitutional restriction applicable to such a delegation. If the idea of the" brain trust" inventors of the N. R. A. We see no escape from the conclusion- was that a planned emergency would afford a pretext for 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 415 evading the Constitution by delegating the legislative au­ FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION-ANNING S. PRALL thority of Congress to the President, that idea may now Mr. WAGNER. From the Committee on Interstate Com­ be dispelled. The Supreme Court finds that "nothing has merce, I report back favorably the nomination of Anning S. happened" that will vacate the Constitution and the legis­ Prall, of New York, to be a member of the Federal Communi­ lative powers of Congress thereunder. What the Court cations Commission for the unexpired term of 1 year from doubtless means is that nothing has happened except poli­ July l, 1934, vice Hampson ·Gary. tics, and that politics cannot lawfully erase the "constitu­ I ask for the immediate confirmation of the nomination of tional processes of legislation which are an essential part of Mr. Prall. our system of government." Mr. COUZENS. Mr. President, we should not act on the If the emergencies created in 1933 and 1934 do not aff crd matter at this time. The nomination should go to the cal­ a basis for a new-deal government outside of the Consti­ endar. tution, what is the use of planning further emergencies The VICE PRESIDENT. Objection is heard. in 1935 and 1936? It is simply voting away $8,700,000,000 Mr. WAGNER. May I remind the Senator from Michigan for advance emergencies that benefit nobody except the that in committee we had this nomination up for considera­ politicians who get them up. And when it is all over, tion this morning, and it was the view of the committee that the Supreme Court will keep on getting out decisions show­ I might ask for the immediate confirmation of Mr. Prall's ing that nothing has happened except politics. It is not nomination on the ground that there is now a vacancy on the fair to the younger generation-the taxpayers of the fu­ Communications Commission. Mr. Prall is not now a mem­ ture-who will carry millstones around their necks in paying ber of the Commission. There is one vacancy on the Com­ for deficits and campaign bills contracted during the era of munications Commission, the vacancy being in the section of the playboys, called" brain trust." the Commission dealing with broadcasting; and it is very The N. R. A. seems to be depended upon to create an essential for the orderly conduct of the business of the Com­ industrial emergency by cracking down on legitimate in­ mission that this nomination be confirmed now, so that the dustry, just as the A. A. A. is the planned method of produc­ place may be filled at once. ing agricultural emergency by plowing under the crops and I remind the Senator also-- killing the pigs. Repeal would be the logical remedy for Mr. COUZENS. Mr. President-- both of these Federal prohibition plans. The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from New York Repeal the N. R. A. and the A. A. A., and thus remove yield to the Senator from Michigan? two of the original causes of planned emergency, and we Mr. WAGNER. I yield. will not need the $4,600,000,000 emergency fund for 1935 Mr. COUZENS. I was at the meeting of the committee, and the $4,100,000,000 emergency fund for 1936; with a and I am sorry to say that I do not have such an under­ further yearly increase of the present unemployment army standing. of 10,700,000, and a Federal dole and patronage army of Mr. WAGNER. That was the understanding. 25,500,000. If we repeal the 670 prohibition codes of N. R. A. Mr. COUZENS. I did not join in that understanding. I outright, and forthwith it may not be necessary for Congress understand the present situation with respect to the Com­ to abdicate its legislative power over appropriations, which munications Commission; but we had an understanding at page 12 of the new Budget message describes as follows: the last session of Congress that nominations would not be I recommend that $4,000,000,000 be appropriated by the Congress brought up for confirmation without the Senate knowing 1n one sum, subject to allocation by the Executive • • •. that we were in executive session, and that nominations He should have added, to make it clear, to put in his were coming up for confirmation. No injury can result own pocket to be used as his judgment dictates. Every from a delay of 1 day. vote the new deal secured at the last election cost the tax­ Mr. WAGNER. May I add another word to say that this payers of the country better than $200. is an exceptional case, and perhaps the Senator may change When the Executive is a candidate for reelection he will his attitude with respect to it. The name of Mr. Prall, be the chief beneficiary of this $4,000,000,000 in one sum who has been a Member of Congress for 14 years, was pre­ to be allocated by him. Will the Supreme Court deem that sented to the Senate at the last session to be a member of a constitutional reason for abdication of duty by Congress? the Federal Radio Commission. The nomination went to If $250,000,000 had to be allocated to Maine in the off-year the committee, was unanimously reported, came to the Sen­ 1934, how much would Maine have to get for its emergency ate, and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate. He did in a presidential compaign year-the allocator being the not take office because soon thereafter the communications leading candidate? How many dollars of the taxpayers' bill was passed, creating a new Commission, and because he money will be required for each new-deal vote? was then a Member of the House he was disqualified to be a When even Maine has declared against prohibition, why member of the new Commission. not give Maine the full benefits of repeal by repealing the Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? ·N. R. A. codes which threaten Maine with emergency and Mr. WAGNER. I yield. allocation and dislocation in 1936? Mr. JOHNSON. I desire to inquire, merely for informa­ tion, whether there are a number of members of this Com­ EXECUTIVE SESSION mission whose names have been presented to the Senate to Mr. ROBINSON. I move that the Senate proceed to the come up ultimately for confirmation. consideration of executive business. Mr. WAGNER. Yes; but may I point out a distinction? The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the The other gentlemen whose names have been presented to consideration of executive business. the Senate are now members of the Commission, and any EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED delay in the consideration of their nominations will not The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate messages affect their status, because they will continue as members of from the President of the United States, submitting several the Commission. The place for which former Representa­ nominations, which were referred to the appropriate com­ tive Prall has been nominated is now vacant. There is no mittees. member in charge of the broadcast section of the Commis­ (For nominations this day received, see the end of Senate sion. proceedings.) Mr. JOHNSON. Is there any objection to the others who are named? EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF A COMMITTEE Mr. WAGNER. They are to be considered at a subsequent Mr. ROBINSON (for Mr. HAYDEN), from the Committee on meeting of the committee, I understand. Post Offices and Post Roads, reported favorably the nomina­ Mr. JOHNSON. Have they not been considered at all as tions of sundry postmasters in the State of Arkansas, which yet? were ordered to be placed on the Executive Calendar. Mr. WAGNER. Not as yet; no. 416 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 14 Mr. JOHNSON. I have no objection to the Senator's re­ Senators to give their views with reference to the particular quest for the confirmation of the nomination; but there are man nominated.. some others on the Commission whose nominations -I should I agree with the Senator from Utah that by reason of like to see confirmed ~ well, and that is why I am asking the the fact that the Communications Commission today deals question. not only with telephone communication but with radio and Mr. WAGNER. Of course> I ean understand the Senator's all other forms of communication it really is one of the situation, and if form.er Representative Prall were now a most important commissions we have; and as chairman of member of the Commission I should not ask for his imme­ the Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce I am par­ diate confumation. There is a vacancy existing there now, ticularly anxious that we shall carefully search the record however, and I am asking the immediate confirmation of Mr. of each man appointed upon the Commission. Prall simply in order that the Commission may proceed with I also desire to call attention to the fact that under the its business. former law the country was divided into five different zones, Mr. WmTE. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? and it was required under the law that a commissioner repre­ Mr. WAGNER. I yield. sent each of those zones. There is no such provision in the Mr. WIDTE. I wish to suggest to the Senator from New present law, and as a result thereof we find what? We find York-and I have no doubt he has the point in mind-that on the Commission three men coming from the first zone, the legislation which was passed during the last session of but no Commissioner representing the entire section of the Congress required the Commission to examine into various country west of the Ohio clear to the Pacific Ocean. It matters of importance in the communications field and to seems to me that one man should be appointed from each report thereon to the Congress. I assume it is important in of the five zones who knows the condition in that particular the extreme that when those reP-Orts come here they shall section of the country; and with respect to this and other have had consideration by a full Commission rather than a Commissions I hope that in the future we shall not have partial Commission. sent down to us the names of two or three men representing Mr. KING. Mr. President, in view of the fact that the one particular section of the country, leaving other sections powers and authority of this Commission have been so unrepresented. greatly enlarged, I should like to ask some member of the Mr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? committee whether there should not be the greatest care in Mr. WHEELER. I yield. ascertaining the qualifications of those recommended to be Mr. KING. In view of the statement which the Senator commissioners; whether we should not obtain the very best from Montana has just made, and which I heartily approve, men for those positions.. because it was assumed that with I invite his attention to the fact that one of the most im­ the expansion of its authority this Commission had risen to portant governmental commissions today is the so-called a position of greater importance than that which it had oc­ "Securities Commission." Heretofore, and at present, as I cupied in the past. Speaking for myself, I want very com­ understand, substantially all the members of that Commis­ petent men on the Commission. sion are from a limited area of the United States-largely Mr. WIDTE. I think we all do. I assume that Mr. Prall's that embracing New England and New York and Pennsyl­ name and qualifications have had the most earnest consid­ vania. Certainly securities are issued, or should be issued, in eration of the Executive. I think the New York Senators the West. The entire western part of the United States has know him and know his qualifications; and I may add, for no representative at all on the Securities Commission. While whatever it may be worth, that, having sat in the House a I am not sectional by any means, I do think that in the dis­ number of years with him, I share the high opinion that tribution of important offices, whose functions affect the en­ the New York Senators have of him. It does seem to me tire country, men should be selected from· various parts of important, however, in view of the requests for recommenda­ the United States. I hope the Senator will join with me in tions which Congress has made of the Commission. that the trying to find someone west of the Mississippi River who is recommendations should come from the full Commission, competent to act upon the Securities Commission. if it is possible to have a full Commission; and it is largely Mr. WAGNER. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for for that reason that I was ready to acquiesce in the sugges­ just one other question? tion that the name be reported now, and that it be imme­ Mr. WHEEI.ER. I yield. diately acted on. Mr. WAGNER. It is a fact, is it not, that on two occasions The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the imme­ at the last session of Congress and again today the Commit­ diate consideration of the nomination? tee on Interstate Commerce has inquired into the qualifica­ Mr. COUZENS. Mr. President-- tions of Mr. Prall and unanimously determined that, from the The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from Michigan standpoint of high character and capacity, he is eminently objects. qualified for this position? Mr. COUZENSL Mr. President, I have no objection to Mr. WHEELER. I think that is correct. Mr. Prall; in fact, I heartily approve of his appointment. THE WORLD COURT From all the information I have received, his qualifications The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the Executive are of the highest. If,. however, nominations are to be Calendar. reported to the Senate and immediately acted upon without Executive A (71st Cong., 3d sess.), protocols concerning ever going to the calendarr we shall establish a precedent adherence of the United States to the Court of International which will cause ns much trouble. I know we have opposed Justice, transmitted to the Senate December 10, 1930, and heretofore such action as is now proposed; and I am oppos­ reported favorably from the Committee on Foreign Relations ing the immediate consideration of this nomination as a on the 10th instant, with reservations, was announced as first matter of rule and precedent rather than because of any inm~. · objections I have to Mr. Prall or any desire to interfere with Mr. ROBINSON. Mr. President, I shall ask the Senate the Senator from New York. to proceed to the consideration of the protocols and the :M'_r. WAGNER. Mr. President, I appreciate the attitude resolution of adherence. It is my intention to address the of the Senator from Michigan; and I shall ask for early Senate tomorrow on the subject matter of the resolution consideration of the Executive Calendar tomorrow or the and the protocols, and I shall, therefore, at the proper day after. time, move a recess until tomorrow at 12 o'clock, but I ask Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, in view of the statement that the Senate proceed now to the consideration of the which has been made by the Senator from Utah [Mr. KING] protocols. I desire to state that when these names came to the Com­ The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, thereupon mittee on Interstate Commerce the other day I did what I proceeded to consider the protocols, which were read the am asking to have done in each such case. I asked that second time. the names be referred first to the Senators from the State The protocols were reported to the Senate without from which the nominee has been appointed, asking the amendment. 1935 .... CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 411. Mr. ROBINSON. I now offer the resolution of adherence, _MEKBER OF '!'HE NATIONAL MEDIATION 'BOARD with the reservations reported by the committee. John Carmody, of New York, to be a member .of the Na­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution. of adherenee tional Mediation Board for the term expiring February 1, will be read. 1938 January 5, 1935. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to Royd R. Sayers, January 6, 1935. t..he resolution of adherence to the protocols. Walter C. Teufel, January 7, 1935. Mr. ROBINSON. Mr. President, before making the mo­ Sandei·s L. Christian, January 8, 1935. tion I have in mind-- Paul M. Stewart, January 8, 1935. Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, before the Senator David J. Prather, April 8, 1935. leaves the protocols will he permit me to offer an amend­ Dr. Paul E. Walker to be assistant surgeon in the United ment to the resolution of adherence so that technically it States Public Health Service, to take effect from date of may be the pending question? oath. Mr. ROBINSON. Yes. APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY Mr. VANDENBERG. I offer an amendment to the reso­ MEDICAL CORPS lution of adherence and ask that it may be the pending question. To be first lieutenants with rank from January 1, 1935 The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to First Lt. William Langford Spaulding, Medical Corps the amendment offered by the Senator from Michigan Reserve. [Mr. VANDENBERG J to the resolution of adherence. First Lt. James Leo Tobin, Medical-Corps Reserve. Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. President, may I inquire of the First Lt. Allen Nelson Bracher, Medical Corps Reserve. Senator from Michigan if the reservation he has offered APPOINTMENT, BY TRANSFER, IN THE REGULAR ARMY is the one relating to national policy? ro FIELD ARTILLERY Mr. VANDENBERG. It is the reservation which has Second Lt. James Ernest Beery, Infantry, with rank from been attached every time the Senate has been asked here­ June 10, 1i}32. tofore to act upon this proposition. PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY Mr. ROBINSON. The amendment of the Senator from Michigan to the resolution will be printed and will be TO BE COLONELS available. Lt. Col. Augustine Aloysius Hofmann.. Infantry, from Jan­ The amendment submitted by Mr. VANDE?.TBERG to the res­ uary 1, 1935. olution of adherence was ordered to be printed and to be Lt. Col. James Blyth, Infantry, from January 1, 1935. printed in the RECORD, as follows: Lt. Col. Edwin Gunner, Infantry, from January 8, 1935. Resolved f1Lrther, That adherence to the said protocols and TO BE LIEUTENANT COLONELS statute hereby approved shall not be so construed as to requlre Maj. Walter Kilshaw Dunn, Coast Artillery Corps, from the United States to depart from its traditional policy of not intruding upon, interfering with, or entangling itself 1n the po­ January 1, 1935. litical questions of policy or internal admlnistration of any foreign Maj. Walter Hale Frank, Air Corps, from January 1, 1935. state; nor shall adherence to the said protocol and statute be con­ Maj. Guy Woorlman Chipman, Cavalry, from January 8, strued to imply a relinquishment by the United States of its traditional attitude toward purely American questions. 1935. TO BE :MAJORS RECESS Capt. John AdaJDs Hettinger, Cavalry~ from January ~ Mr. ROBINSON. Unless there is further executive busi­ 1935. ness, I move that the Senate take a recess until 12· o'clock Capt. William Byron Wilson, Infantry., from January l, noon tomorrow. 1935. The motion was agreed to; and (at 1 o'clock and 3 Capt. Stanley Young Kennedy, Infantry, from January 1, minutes p. m.) the Senate, in executive session, took a 1935. recess until tomorrow, Tuesday, January 15, 1935, at 12 Capt. William Wilson Belcher, Field Artillery, from Janu­ o'clock meridian. ary 1, 19.35. Capt. Paul Houston Morris, Cavalry, from January 7, 1935. NOMINATIONS Capt. John Richard Williams, Field Artillery, from Janu­ Executive nominations received by the Senate January 14, a1·y 8, 1935. 1935 TO BE CAPTAINS ENVOY EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY First Lt. Bryan Evans, Field Artillery, from December l, 1934. William H. Hornibrook, of Utah, now Envoy Extraordinary First Lt. Bonner Frank Fellers, Coast Artillery Corps, from and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia, to be also Envoy December 3, 1934. Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United First U. John William Middleton, Infantry, from Decem.:. States of America to Afghanistan. ber 5, 1934. UNITED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE First Lt. Melton Adams Hatch, Coast Artillery Corps, from December 9, 1934. Charles B. Faris, of Missouri, to be United States circuit First Lt. Kenneth Seymour Stice, Signal Corps, from De­ judge for the eighth circuit, to succeed William S. ~enyon, cember 12, 1934. deceased. First Lt. Francis Andrew March, 3d, Field Artillery, from CHIEF OF THE CHILDREN'S Bmu:Au December 12, 1934. Katharine F. Lenroot, of Wisconsin, to be Chief of the First Lt. George Maurice Badger, Coast Artillery Corps, Children's Bureau in the Department of Labor. from December 16, 1934. LXXIX--27 J

418 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 14 First Lt. John Sheridan Winn, Jr., Field Artillery, from Accounts: James Wolfenden. Pennsylvania; Leo E. Allen, Dlinois; Decembe:t 31, 1934. Donald H. McLean, New Jersey. Agriculture: Clifford R. Hope, Kansas; J. Roland Kinzer, Penn­ First Lt. Marion Van Voorst, Signal Corps, from January sylvania; Fred C. Gilchrist, Iowa; Charles W. Tobey, New Hamp­ 1, 1935. shire; L. T. Marshall, Ohio; Philip A. Goodwin, New York; August H. First Lt. Frank Johnstone Cunningham, Coast Artillery Andresen, Minnesota; Samuel W. King, Ha.wait Corps, from January 1, 1935. Banking and CUrrency: John B. Hollister, Ohio; Jesse P. Wolcott, Michigan; Peter A. Cavicchia, New Jersey; Hamilton Fish, Jr., New First Lt. Thomas Tipton Thornburgh, Cavalry, from Jan­ Yo~k; Charles L. G11Iord, Massachusetts; Everett M. Dirksen, Illi­ uary 1, 1935. nois; Clare Gerald Fenerty, Pennsylvania. First Lt. Hobart Reed Yeager, Air Corps, from January l, Census: J. Roland Kinzer, Pennsylvania; William E. Hess, Ohio; Benjamin K. Focht, Pennsylvania; Sam L. Collins, California; 1935. W1Iliam Lemke, North Dakota; Henry M. Kimball, Michigan. First Lt. Stuart Millikin Bevans, Field Artillery, from Jan­ Civil Service: Frederick R. Lehlbach, New Jersey; Edith Nourse uary 1, 1935. Rogers, Massachusetts; Charles W. Tobey, New Hampshire· Henry M. Kimball, Michigan; Vito Marcantonio, New York; --: First Lt. John Hiram Lewis, Jr., Field Artillery, from Claims: U: S. Guyer, Kansas; George N. Seger, New Jersey; January 1, 1935. William A. Pittenger, Minnesota; John W. Gwynne, Iowa; William First Lt. Gervais William Trichel, Coast Artillery Corps, A. Ekwall, Oregon; Frank Carlson, Kansas. from January 7, 1935. Coinage, Weights, and Measures: Lloyd Thurston, Iowa; Clarence E. Hancock, New York; Theodore Christianson, Minnesota; Chaun­ First Lt. Vincent John Conrad, Infantry, from January 8, cey W. Reed, Illinois; Albert J. Engel, Michigan; William H. Wilson. 1935. Pennsyl vanta. TO BE FIRST LIEUTENANTS Disposition of Useless Executive Papers: --. District of Columbia: Everett M. Dirksen, Illinois; Dewey Short, Second Lt. Charles Newton Hunter, Infantry, from De­ Mis.5our1; Ralph 0. Brewster, Maine; Chauncey W. Reed, Illinois; cember 1, 1934. Clare Gerald Fenerty, Pennsylvania; W. Sterling Cole, New York. Second Lt. Jerald Worden McCoy, Air Corps, from De­ Education: Albert E. Carter, California; L. T. Marshall, Ohio; George A. Dondero, Michigan; W. Sterling Cole, New York; John w. cember 1, 1934. Gwynne, Iowa; Karl Stefan, Nebraska. Second Lt. Logan Clarke, Infantry, from December l, Election of President, Vice President, and Representatives in 1934. Congress: Theodore Christianson, Minnesota; George Holden Tink­ ham, Massachusetts; Thomas A. Jenkins, Ohio; George A. Dondero, Second Lt. Randolph Bolling Hubard, Infantry, from De­ Michigan; B. W. Gearhart. California. cember 1, 1934, subject to examination required by law. Elections No. 1: John B. Holllster, Ohio; Clarence E. Hancock, Second Lt. George Edward Lynch, Field Artillery, from New York; Sam L. Collins, California. Elections No. 2: U. S. Guyer, Kansas; Charles D. Millard, New December 1, 1934. York; Francis D. Culkin, New York. Second Lt. Hugh Mackintosh, Infantry, from December l, Elections No. 3: Charles L. Gi.1ford, Massachusetts; Randolph 1934. Perkins, New Jersey; James W. Wadsworth, Jr., New York. Second Lt. David xavier Angluin, Infantry, from December Enrolled Bills: Charles A. Eaton, New Jersey; August H. Andre­ sen, Minnesota; --. l, 1934. Expenditures in the Executive Departments: Charles L. Gitford, Second Lt. William Erwin Maulsby, Jr., Infantry, from Massachusetts; Robert F. Rich, Pennsylvania; John B. Hollister, December 1, 1934. Ohio; Philip A. Goodwin, New York; Clare E. Hoffman, Michigan; Second Lt. Donald Archibald Stevning, lnfa.n.try, from De­ and B. W. Gearhart, California. Flood Control: Robert F. Rich, Pennsylvania; Harry L. Engle­ cember l, 1934. bright, California; Charles W. Tobey, New Hampshire; Henry M. Kimball, Michigan; and Frank Carlson, Kansas. Foreign Atfatrs: Hamilton Fish, Jr., New York; Joseph W. Martin, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Jr., Massachusetts; Charles A. Eaton, New Jersey; George Holden Tinkham, Massachusetts; Leo E. Allen, Illinois; Edith Nourse Rog­ MONDAY, JANUARY 14, 1935 ers, Massachusetts; and Theodore Christianson, Minnesota. Immigration and Naturalization: J. Will Taylor, Tennessee; The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Charles D. Millard, New York; Benjamin K. Focht, Pennsylvania; The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., William L. Higgins, Connecticut; Everett M. Dirksen, Illinois; Wil­ offered the following prayer: liam W. Black:ney, Michigan; and Samuel W. King, Hawaii. Indian Atfairs: Fred C. Gilchrist, Iowa; Sam L. Collins, Califor­ Blessed Shepherd Divine, we rejoice that in Thee there is nia; Isaac H. Doutrich, Pennsylvania; Fred L. Crawford, Michigan; J. George Stewart, Delaware; and Usher L. Burdick, North Dakota. a perfect blending of majesty with humility, of strength Insular Atfairs: Lloyd Thurston, Iowa; Richard J. Welch, Cali­ with gentleness, of passion with repose, and of holiness fornia; Bert Lord, New York; W. Sterling Cole, New York; Karl with sinful, suffering men. When we yield to th~ waves of Stefan, Nebraska; and Fred L. Crawford, Michigan. memory, when things are too deep to be revealed to mortal Interstate and Foreign Commerce: John G. Cooper, Ohio; Carl E. Mapes, Michigan; Charles A. Wolverton, New Jersey; James man, when the stains of living make us unworthy, do Thou Wolfenden, Pennsylvania; Pehr G. Holmes, Massachusetts; Schuy­ glow out of the shadows and sharpen the vision of our in­ ler Merritt, Connecticut; B. Carroll Reece, Tennessee; and James ward eyes. Minister unto us and keep us this day in accord w. Wadsworth, Jr., New York. Invalid Pensions: Charles D. Millard, New York; Albert E. Carter, with ThY holy will. Heavenly Father of mercy, we wait; California; William L. Higgins, Connecticut; Usher L. Burdick, a herald has sounded at our door and a distinguished Mem­ North Dakota; Ralph 0. Brewster, Maine; and L. C. Arends, Illinois. ber has left us. Let morning hope from the realms of a Irrigation and Reclamation: Fred A. Hartley, Jr., New Jersey; William E. Hess, Ohio; J. Roland Kinzer, Pennsylvania; William A. new day break through upon the loved ones in this hour of Ekwall, Oregon; and B. W. Gearhart, California. the translation of their honored on~. Oh lighten and trans­ Judiciary: Randolph Perkins, New Jersey; U. S. Guyer, Kansas; figure their sorrow like rain clouds in a summer sun and Clarence E. Hancock, New York; William E. Hess, Ohio; Earl C. Thine shall be the glory. Amen. Michener, Michigan; John M. Robsion, Kentucky; and William H. Wilson, Pennsylvania. The Journal of the proceedings of Friday, January 11, Labor: Richard J. Welch, California; Fred A. Hartley, Jr., New Jersey; W. P. Lambertson, Kansas; Clifford R. Hope, Kansas; and 1935, was read and approved. Vito Marcantonio, New York. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Library: Allen T. Treadway, Massachusetts; and Bert Lord, New York. Sundry messages in writing from the President of the Memorials: Frank Crowther, New York. United States were communicated to the House by Mr. Merchant Marine, Radio, and Fisheries: Frederick R. Lehlbach, Latta, one of his secretaries. New Jersey; Richard J. Welch, California; Francis D. Culkin, New York; Ralph 0. Brewster, Maine; Clare E. Hoffman, Michigan; and ELECTION OF MINORITY MEMBERS OF STANDING COMMITTEES Samuel W. King, Hawa11. Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, I offer a privileged resolution Milltary Affairs: Harry C. Ransley, Pennsylvania; Walter G. Andrews, New York; Donald H. McLean, New Jersey; Charles A. for the election of minority members of the standing com· Plumley, Vermont; Sam L. Collins, California; Dewey Short, Mis­ mittees of the House. souri; L. C. Arends, Illinois; and Samuel W. King, Hawaii. The Clerk read as follows: Mines and Mining: Harry L. Englebright, California; C. Murray Turpin, Pennsylvania; L. T. Marshall, Ohio; William A. Pittenger, House Resolution 50 Minnesota; and Dewey Short, Missouri. Resolved, That the following Members be, and they are hereby, Naval Atfairs: George P. Darrow, Pennsylvania; A. Piatt Andrew, elected members of the standing committees of the House of Massachusetts; Charles D. Millard, New York; George Burnham, Representatives, to wit: California; William L. Higgins, Connecticut; Melvin J. Us.as,