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American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists ASSCT JOURNAL American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists Volume 2 Florida and Louisiana Divisions June 1983 ASSCT OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES FOR 1981 General Officers and Committees General Secretary-Treasurer Editors of Journal Managing Editor Program Chairman Lowell L. McCormick Fred A. Martin Technical Editors Guillermo Aleman Agriculture Bryan Allain 1 Fred A. Martin H. J. Andreis Antonio Arvesu Manufacturing Jan Bergeron Harold Birkett Joseph A. Polack Patrick Cancienne Joseph Clayton Alfonso L. Fors Gerardo Fundora Dalton Landry Ben L. Legendre Irving Legendre, Jr. Denver I. Loupe Lowell L. McCormick Divisional Officers Florida Office Louisiana Joe E. Clayton President Irving Legendre, Jr. Guillermo Aleman 1st Vice President Ben L. Legendre Robert Stacy 2nd Vice President Jan Bergeron H. J. Andreis Chairman, Agricultural Section Bryan Allain Cerardo Fundora Chairman, Manufacturing Section Harold Birkett Alfonso L. Fors Chairman at Large Patrick Cancienne Antonio Arvesu Past President Dalton Landry J. R. Orsenigo Secretary-Treasurer Lowell L. McCormick i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 President's Message - Florida Division Joe E. Clayton 3 President's Message - Louisiana Division Irving E. Legendre, Jr. Agricultural Papers 5 Sugarcane Evapotranspiration Estimated By Penman Method S. F. Shin 12 The Ratooning Abilities of Four New CP Sugarcane Cultivars Compared to CP 63-588 Barry Glaz and J. D. Miller 17 Late-Season Weed Control in Sugarcane With Herbicides Applied at Lay-by R. W. Millhollon 22 The Effects of Selected Elements in Fertilizers on the Uptake of These Elements by Sugarcane Laron E. Golden 29 Influence of Smut on Production in Highly Susceptible Varieties of Sugarcane D. G. Holder 32 The Frequency of Smut Resistant Clones in the Canal Point Sugarcane Breeding Program J. L. Dean, P. Y. P. Tai, and J. D. Miller 35 Sugarcane Yields from Preliminary Mechanical Planting Studies in Florida B. R. Eiland and J. E. Clayton 38 The Effect of Soil Application of Radioactive By-Product Gypsum on Sugarcane Yield and Radioactivity of Soil and Sugarcane Juice Laron E. Golden 43 The Rice Borer, Acigona loftini Dyar, Could Be A Potential Menace To Florida and Louisiana Sugarcane Growers Alfonso L. Fors and Miguel Abarca Manufacturing Papers 46 "v Cane Quality and Factory Performance Stephen J. Clarke 49 Exhaustion cf Louisiana Final Molasses M. Matic a.:d C. Wong 53 High-Test Molasses: A Possible Solution to the Crisis of Puerto Rico Sugar and Rum George Samuels 59 Boiler Water Treatment Technology "State of the Art" Practical Solutions to Common Problems John J. Opelka 66 Design and Aeration Requirements for Cane Wash Ponds Y. K. Cho and D. F. Day 70 Total Energy Victor J. Baillet 72 A Practical Method of Evaluating Polymer Flocculants in Factory Operation James C. P. Chen, James S. Rauh and Pedro R. Arellano 78 Acid Wash Ponds D. F. Day Abstracts - Agriculture 82 A Yield Prediction Model for Florida Sugar Cane Jose Alvarez, Donald R. Crane, Jr., Thomas H. Spreen, and Gerald Kidder 82 The Effect of Bud-Scale Removal on the Frequency of Axillary Shoots of Sugar Cane Uprigl G. T. A. Benda 82 Recurrent Selection Improves Sucrose Content of Louisiana Sugar Cane Varieties R. D. Breaux 83 Sugar Cane Yields Increased on Baldwin Silty Clay Soil by Subsurface Drainage Cade E. Carter and Carl R. Camp 83 Evaluation of Commercial Heat Treatments for Control of Ratoon Stunting Disease (RSD) K. E. Damann, Jr., R. L. Schlub, T. Rich, and T. Trosclair 83 Endogenous Sucrose Levels in Immature Internodal Tissues of Sugar Cane as Affected by Plant Growth Regulators G. M. Dill and F. A. Martin 84 The Rice Borer (Acigona loftini, Dyar) — A Potential Menace to Louisiana and Florida Sugar Cane Growers Alfonso L. Fors and Abarca R. Miguel 84 The Effect of Nitrogen Rate on Four Sugar Cane Varieties Grown on Sand Gary J. Gascho 8-> Saccarum Species as a Source of Bio-Mass for Fuel and Fiber Mike Giamalva, Steve Clarke, and Keith Bischoff 84 Changes in Cane Sugar Production in the United States and Other Countries James E. Irvine and Charles A. Richard 85 Range Extension of Acigona loftini Into the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas K. J. R. Johnson and M. B. Van Leerdam 85 Life Cycle of the White Grub and its Effect on Sugar Cane J. D. Miller and M. G. Bell 85 Height and Percent of Topping of Sugar Cane R. Ricaud, A. Arceneaux, B. Cochran, and G. Newton 86 The Effect of Polaris and Polado on Regrowth of Two Sugar Cane Varieties in Florida E. R. Rice 86 Associations Among Production and Yield Parameters of Sugar Cane in the United States C. A. Richard and J. E. Irvine 86 Sugar Cane Borer Survey of the 1980-1981 Sugar Cane Variety Tests in Florida Omelio Sosa, Jr. 87 Effect of Selection for Agronomic Performance on Frequency of Rust Susceptibility in Sugar Cane P. Y. P. Tai, Jr., J. L. Dean, and J. D. Miller 87 A Summary of Research Activities on White Grubs Injurious to Florida Sugar Cane C. M. Watve and K. D. Shuler 87 Greenhouse Studies on the Interaction of Genotype and Plant Growth Regulators With Regard to Early Tillering in Sugar Cane J. Wong-Chong and F. A. Martin iii Abstracts - Manufacture 88 Taking Maximum Advantage of Hydraulics When Automating a Sugar Mill Operation Ernesto Alfonso 88 Boiling Techniques and Ranking Parameters in the Evaluation of Surfactants — Part I. Boiling Characteristics and Ranking Parameters James C. P. Chen, James S. Rauh, B. Ashby Smith and Roberto V. Romo 88 Recent Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Margaret A. Clarke 88 Rapid Analysis of Lactic Acid, an Indicator of Sugar Cane Deterioration, and Aconitic Acid, an Indicator of Sugar Cane Maturity, by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Margaret A. Clarke and Mary Ann Brannan 89 Potassium and Sugar Recovery Margaret A. Clarke and Earl J. Roberts 89 (-Milling Quality of Four Sugar Cane Varieties Processed with Trash B. L. Legendre 89 J Combustion System for Firing Pulverized Bagasse T7 C. G. Tauzin, D. Maples and G. L. Harper 90 American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists Editorial Policy 92 Rules for Preparing Papers to be Printed in the Journal of the American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists 94 Author Index iv PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE - FLORIDA DIVISION Joe E. Clayton Research Leader, USDA Belle Glade Florida The "good news" from Florida this year is a record crop with the highest sugar prices since 1974. Florida growers made 1,121,490 tons (1,017,399 tonnes) of raw sugar on 316,000 acres (128,000 hectares) during the 1980-1981 harvest season. This surpasses the 1975-1976 record crop by more than 60,000 tons (55,000 tonnes) of raw sugar. This production is about 100,000 tons (90,000 tonnes) more than the pro- duction in Hawaii, previously the largest domestic producer. The sugar content of Florida sugar cane was good this year, with reports of record sugar percent cane exceeding that of 1971. The. "bad news" is that we had January freezes which killed some of the mature cane. Temperatures were in the low 20's F. in some of the area and some losses were evident before all the crop could be harvested with accelerated harvest schedules. The freeze will also reduce the size of the crop for next year. Growers continue to evaluate the effects of rust and smut diseases, and to select varieties less susceptible to these diseases. Fields of variety CI 41-233 turned red with rust during May and June, 1980, and this variety has been eliminated by most growers. Other major varieties show some suscepti- bility to rust and smut, but the economic losses cannot be determinned. Florida growers were very fortunate to have a large number of varieties planted when these diseases entered Florida. The arrival of new cane diseases underscores the desirability of having good varietal development research underway in each sugar cane production area. A new variety released last fall, CP 72-1210, had more seed distri- buted to growers than any variety in the past. A new development in Florida that could be either "good" or "bad" is the rapid increase in succes- sive planting of sugar cane fields. Fields can be harvested early, and planted during a two to three- month period after harvest, if the seed cane is not killed by an early freeze. This provides the grower with an annual harvest, instead of a summer fallow period. However, field preparation and re- duction of weed and insect pests may be adversely affected. Rice and field corn is being grown on some cane land during the summer fallow period, in an effort to increase profits. The use of sugar cane ripeners has increased in Florida and is expected to continue to increase. The ripeners are being used on all cane harvested in November and December by some growers. The chemi- cal ripeners are more effective on some varieties than others. Additional studies on their effects are being made and some results will be reported at this meeting. The favorable price of sugar has been of great benefit to growers after several years of depressed prices. Florida growers have done a better job of farming during the past year, because of the extra income from sugar sales. More effective chemicals and more applications have helped to control weed and insect pests. Money has been spent on field roads, field ditches and culverts to improve field and road transport conditions. Growers are continually improving the fields by land forming and cleaning or increasing the depth of canals. The laser system of controlling the level of the land plane has simpli- fied land forming procedures and is being used by some growers.
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