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V·M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Spectrophotometric mapping of Coprates quadrangle, Mars. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Geissler, Paul Eric. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 08:49:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185869 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. V·M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9284868 Spectrophotometric mapping of Coprates Quadrangle, Mars Geissler, Paul Eric, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1992 Copyright @1992 by Geissler, Paul Eric. All rights reserved. V·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 SPECTRCPHOTOMETRIC MAPPING OF COPRATESQUADRANGLE,MARS by Paul Eric Geissler Copyright © Paul Eric Geissler 1992 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPART.MENT OF PLANETARY SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHll..OSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1992 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by _________p_a_u_I_E_r_i_c __ G_e_i_s_s_Ie_r __________ __ enti tIed _S~P...;;E;..;;C_T.;.;.RO_P_H_O_T_OM_E_T_R_I_C_M_A._P_P_I_N G_O_F_C_OP_R_A_T_E_S _Q_U_A_D_RA_N_G_L_E_,_~_IA_R_S ____ and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (~ 717~o/~ Date s/R/97- Date~ Is~'2---- Date , '/f/q~ Date' i Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation rezzi.~ /rC\' 6/S-/r~ DissertatioDirecto~ Datk STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an ad­ vanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: _f~_-I.~"---·J&-.- ____ Acknowledgments Many people contributed either directly or indirectly to this project. First and fore­ most it is my pleasure to acknowledge my advisor, Dr. Robert B. Singer. Bob is an exem­ plary mentor whose unfailing support, contagious enthusiasm and kind consideration have added much to my experience as a graduate student. For his patient willingness to teach how science is done, for pointing out alternative interpretations and new avenues of re­ search, and especially for demonstrating that it is possible to retain balanced priorities and human sensibilities in an often competitive and unstable environment, I'd like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks. While keeping his door open to me for the last five years, Bob has also succeeded in building the Planetary Image Research Laboratory into a first class facility without which this work quite literally could not have been done. Among the pearls of PIRL, particular thanks are due to Linda Hickcox for spanning the distance from Mars back down to Earth and to Brad Castalia, whose timely solutions to computer problems frequently saved the day. James Winburn, Sheila Vail, Mike Nolan and Joe Gotobed also provided essential as­ sistance with computer-related questions. Thanks are due to Martin Tomasko for making available multiple scattering models, Carolyn Porco for computer time on VIPS, Steve Lar­ son for use of video digitization equipment and Melanie Magisos for help using the facili­ ties of the Space Imagery Center. Valuable discussions with Erzsebet Merenyi on color coordinate transformations and the mathematical basis of parameter estimation are appre­ ciated, as are many geological insights from Baerbel Lucchitta, Goro Komatsu and Bob Strom. I have also benefitted from constructive conversation and collaboration with Steve Croft, Ken Edgett, Eric Eliason, Ed Guiness, Jeff Kargel, Alfred McEwen and Marcia Nel- son. Significant contributions to my education and experience at the University of Ari­ zona were made by Rick Greenberg, Donald Hunten, Jay Holberg, Jay Melosh, Bob Scho­ wengerdt and Phil Slater, to whom special thanks are extended. Finally, my deepest gratitude and best wishes go to my fellow students and travellers, family and friends who in taverns and on mountain tops have sustained, enlightened and inspired me through these years. To my teachers. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .................................................................................... 7 LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... 9 ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... 10 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................... :............................................. 12 2. GEOLOGY OFTIIE VALLES MARINERIS ........................................................ 19 3. THEORY OF BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE ............................................. 35 4. SPECTRAL VARIATIONS IN COPRATES QUADRANGLE ............................. 56 5. VARIABLE FEATURES IN THE VALLES MARINERIS .................................... 94 6. PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF SURFACE MATERIALS IN COPRATES QUADRANGLE .................................................................. 105 7. THE VALLES MARINERIS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT................................... 126 LIST OF REFERENCES ..................................................................................... 137 7 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1.1 1888 Map of Mars ....................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Map of the Valles Marineris ....................................................................................... 20 2.2 Valles Marineris mosaic ............................................................................................... 21 2.3 Topography of the Tharsis Province ............................................................................ 22 2.4 Structural map of the Tharsis Province ....................................................................... 24 2.5 Wrinkle ridges and curvilinear graben south of Melas Chasma ................................... 25 2.6 Distribution of troughs, chaotic terrain and outflow channels .................................... 28 2.7 Juventae Chaos ............................................................................................................ 29 2.8 Layered deposit in Gangis Chasma ............................................................................. 31 2.9 Baetis Mensa ............................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Lunar opposition effect. .............................................................................................. 36 3.2 Polarization phase curves ........................................................................................... 36 3.3 Lunar phase reddening ................................................................................................ 36 3.4 Definition of geometric variables ................................................................................ 38 3.5 Derivation of Lommel-Seeliger expression ................................................................. 39 3.6 Effect of multiple scattering ........................................................................................ 45
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