Water Management in Area Toward sustainable devlopment

Jean-Pierre TABUCHI Direction Santé Environnement Successive visions of sanitation

Objectives in sanitation has changed

1. 19 th century to mid 20 th century : Hygienic approach - Evacuate waste water downstream from Paris 2. At the turn of the 70’s : Environmental approach 3. At the end of the 80’s : Sustainable Development What Sustainable Development means for the SIAAP ?

 Being a major actor in sustainable development of Paris area  Regarding to the preservation of the Seine river, the English Channel and the Northern Sea

 Being a public utility environmentally responsible  fulfilling its mission with the smallest environmental footprint as possible

 Being a « ecocitizen » public utility  ensuring that in its daily activity it shows in his exemplary behavior towards the environment as should every citizen

 Being aware about sustainable sanitation financing Content

 SIAAP's presentation  Financial informations  The SIAAP and the Greater Paris SIAAP's Presentation The Seine river in Paris…

Région Ile-de- SIAAP presentation

L'Oise The formally SIAAP

Val d'Oise  4 departments (administrative divisions of France)

Seine-Saint-Denis The SIAAP Board (33 elected members) e La Marn PARIS  124 municipalities Hauts Yvelines de  6.6 M inhabitants

Seine Val de Marne Seine etExtended Marne SIAAP limits  162 municipalities

La Seine  2.3 M inhabitants Essonne

SIAAP :  286 municipalities  1820 km 2  8,9 M connected inhabitants 3  2 400 000 m /d  400 industrial companies  Mainly a combined sewer system  Outer suburb : separate system  15 000 km of municipal sewers The SIAAP’s Board

33 members Paris : 12 members Each Departement : 7 members = 21 members President : M. Ouzoulias An executive board : 14 members

Date of Birth : 1970 Financial Data

 Investment (2013) : 513 M€  Operating expenses (2013) : 573 M€  Opération (maintenance, energy, chemicals, etc.)  Wages (1770 employees)  Financial amortization

 Average Water Price : 3,66 €/m 3 (2012)  1,37 €/m 3 for water supply  2,26 €/m 3 for sanitation with 0,81 €/m 3 for SIAAP Seine River Catchment

Area : 97 000 km 2 Population : 17 000 000 inhabitants 8 regions, 25 counties, 9 000 communities Rivers length : 66 000 km Seine River Catchment

Seine river length : 762 km Area : 78 650 km 2 Seine River Catchment

Marne river length : 506 km Area : 8 850 km 2 Seine River Catchment

Oise river length : 340 km Area : 16 108 km 2 Hydrology

 Flow (Paris) • Average flow : 310 m 3/s • Mediane : 210 m 3/s • Low flow : 95 m 3/s  Rainfall • Average : 650 mm/y • 950 mm (2001) - 450 mm (2003) • 170 d/y with 110 day > 1 mm

Main French rivers : average interannual flow

3 000 Le Rhin

2 500

Le Rhône 2 000

1 500 La Loire Débit m³/s

1 000 La Seine

500

0 janv. févr. mars avr. mai juin juil. août sept. oct. nov. déc. A small river under a high anthropogenic pressure

 Seine river low flow in Paris : 91 m 3/s

Rhin Rhône Seine

3 m /d/inhabitant 65 18 1,2 Source : DRIEE Population

Density City inhab/km 2 Paris 20 433 Djakarta 13 290 Number of NY 10 292 Area Population Density community New Delhi 9 291 Paris 105 2 153 600 20 433 1 Paris Area 8 406 92 176 1 517 000 8 619 36 93 236 1 459 000 6 182 40 Moscou 7 540 94 245 1 279 000 5 220 47 Hong Kong 6 688 77 5 915 1 260 000 213 514 Rio 5 190 78 2 284 1 395 000 611 262 Londres 4 700 91 1 804 1 188 000 659 196 Amsterdam 4 477 95 1 246 1 148 000 921 185 Mexico 3 584 Washington 3 127 Paris Area 762 6 408 600 8 406 124 LA 3 041 Ile-de-France 12 011 11 399 600 949 1 281 Seine Morée

5 WWTP: 2,6 Mm 3/j Dry weather, 3,5 Mm 3/j Max. biological capacity 4,6 Mm 3/j Rainy conditions 450 km of meshed transport network 900 000m 3 of storage capacity

WWTP Storage facilities 1700 employees Main Sewers

 Length : 420 km  Diameter : 2,5 to 6 meters  Depth : 10 to 100 meters Storage facilities : 900 000 m 3

 For stromwater management  Against floods and for stormwater pollution control Seine river

 2 specific kinds of settlements :

26 barriers for Wastes collection 5 oxygen Bublers: Videos -barrages flottants Vidéos - OxygenBubblers Real Time Control : MAGES

 Developped by the SIAAP and its partners  Aims : • Reduce stormwater spillages (not more than 2 spills/year) • Optimized WWTP filling and emptying storage tanks  With : • Rainfall forecasts • Numerical modelling Capacity evolution

Millions de m³/an

1 200 Grésillons

1 000 Valenton II

800 Valenton IB Valenton IA 600 EauxWaste usées water produites production Achères IV 400 Capacité de traitement 200 Achères I Achères III Achères II 0 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2007 WWTP Capacity 2012

Dry Weather Rainy Weather

BOD5 NTK BOD5 Seine aval 4 564 000 4 818 000 Seine aval 7 500 000 Seine amont 2 618 000 2 277 000 Seine amont 3 667 000 Seine centre 982 000 774 000 Seine centre 900 000 Seine Grésillons 320 000 299 000 Seine Grésillons 372 000 Marne aval 500 000 464 000 Marne aval 555 000 Total 8 984 000 8 631 000 Total 12 993 000

Units : Persons Equivalent Waste Water Washing Machine Bilan te chnique 2009

ENERGIE - REACTIF /jour Graisses : 6,5 t/j Population municipale : 8 860 000 habitants ENERGIE : 2 603 MWh Sa bles : 9,8 t/j Gaz - achats : 175 MWh Déchets : 12,2 t/j Gaz - production : 1 173 MWh Boues biologiques : 351,8 t/j Elect ricité - achats : 1120 MWh Elect ricité - prod . : 77 MWh POLLUANTS ELIMINES Fioul : 72 MWh MES : 587,5 t/j REACTIFS DBO5 : 445 t/j Chlo rure ferrique : 201 t DCO : 1048,5 t/j Méthanol : 45,6 t NTK : 97,56 t/j Nitrate de calcium : 94 t Ptot : 13,3 t/j ENERGIE - REACTIF Sa bles : 5,8 t/j Déchets : 11,3 t/j Réseaux com munaux et dépa rtementaux

Volume : 2 351 000 m3/j ENTREE USINES MES : 634 t/j Volume : 2 315 000 m3/j Réseau de t ranspo rt SIAAP MES : 622 t/j DBO : 481 t/j Seine- Aval DBO5 : 475 t/j DCO : 1191 t/j Sein-Amont DCO : 1175 t/j NTK : 119 t/j Seine-Centre Ptot : 15,6 t/j NTK : 118,1 t/j Ptot : 15,4 t/j Seine-Grésillons Marne-Aval

REJETS DES USINES MES : 38 t/j Rejets directs Déve rsements temps de pluie DBO5 : 31 t/j 1 jour 106 jou rs DCO : 130 t/j Volume : 6 220 m3/j Volume : 99 000 m3/j NTK : 20,7 t/j MES : 2 t/j MES : 31,5 t/j NGL : 70,1 t/j DBO5 : 1 t/j DBO5 :15,5 t/j Ptot : 2,2 t/j DCO : 2,8 t/j DCO :42,9 t/j NTK : 0,2 t/j NTK : 3,1 t/j Ptot : 0,03 t/j Ptot : 0,5 t/j Energy : the main data

 Energy purchase in 2012

MWh Dépenses € Gas oil 24 415 1 842 054 Natural gas 85 035 3 436 226 Electricity 443 000 24 901 394 Total purchase 552 450 30 179 674  96 % of the total energy budget for water treatment  20 % of the current operating cost  Self production  Biogas : 499 582 MWh  Total needs : 1000 GWh Seine aval 2012 energetic balance Autoproduction Achats Electricité FOD Gaz naturel - PCI Biogaz 234.7 GWh 9.5 GWh 18.1 GWh 434.8 GWh 262.3 GWh Electricité autoproduite 42.0 GWh 164.7 GWh Besoins énergétiques 625.1 GWh

276.7 GWh Traitement de l'eau : 305.9 GWh TOTAL Electricité TOTAL FOD TOTAL Biogaz+chaleur 231.8 GWh 9.5 GWh 64.6 GWh 14 011 185 € Autres Air process 51.9 GWh 9.2 GWh 12.7 GWh

Traitement des boues : 316.2 GWh TOTAL Electricité TOTAL FOD TOTAL Gaz naturel TOTAL Biogaz 42.0 GWh .1 GWh 18.1 GWh 205.4 GWh

Chauffage digestion 34.1 GWh 50.6 GWh

Conditionnement thermique .0 GWh 11.4 GWh 168.8 GWh

Divers .1 GWh 6.7 GWh 2.5 GWh

Torchères 12.8 GWh 2.7 GWh Autres divers .2 GWh Impact on receiving waters

BOD 5 Ammonia Phosphorus Fish index

40

35 30,6

30

24,0 24,2 23,4 25 23,1 20,9 19,2 20 16,3 Note IPR Note 19,7 15 17,5 15,7 10 12,0

5

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Financial data A new situation

• Financial difficulties of local authorities

• In front of the reduction in the consumptions : • Where to find the new financial resources tomorrow?

• How to finance the general water policy  Is the water bill the right base ?  Where the water bill stops and wheer starts the taxpayer

• New stakes  Access to water for all  Stormwater management  Asset management  … Water Price

Prix Zone SEDIF : 4,00 €/m 3 Prix Zone Eau de Paris : 3,02 €/m 3

Prix Moyenne territoire SIAAP : 3,57 €/m 3 Water price on SIAAP area

 Des écarts importants sur le prix de l'eau (hors abonnement) Prix moyen Répartition €/m3 Eau potable Assainissement Total Min 3.1123 3 3 €/m €/m €/m 3 Centile 10 3.9839 Avec Paris 1.370 2.263 3.633 Centile 25 4.0080 Sans Paris 1.621 2.518 4.138 Médiane 4.1184 Paris 1.112 2.000 3.112 Centile 75 4.2277 Centile 90 4.4820 Max 5.1417 Prix moyen par département

€/m3 Paris 3.112 92 4.073 93 4.205 94 4.121 One main reason : municipal sewarage fee

Décomposition du prix de l'eau 5.00

4.75

4.50

4.25

4.00

3.75

3.50

3.25 3 m3.00 / Prix total € 2.75 au Eau potable e 2.50 l' Redevance commun. e d2.25 Redevance départ. x ri Redevance SIAAP P 2.00 1.75

1.50

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Variations of municipal sewarage fee

Paris 92 93 94 SIAAP Tout Min 0,160 0,114 0,086 0,086 0,086 Centile 10 0.168 0.240 0.187 0,174 0,188 Centile 25 0.168 0.240 0.213 0,213 0,240 Centile 50 0.183 0.340 0.308 0,300 0,335 Centile 75 0.299 0.648 0.399 0,414 0,599 Centile 90 0.340 0.832 0.529 0,680 0,834 Moyenne 0.297 0,247 0,417 0,304 0,304 0,328 Max 0,382 1,27 0,744 1,265 1,332 Density of service

Urbaine Périurbaine Rurale Total Ile-de-France 4,4 16,4 0,0 5,5 Total France 10,1 24,1 24,1 14,7 Commune Meter/housing Commune Meter/inhab Le Pré Saint Gervais 0,9 Le Pré-Saint-Gervais 0,40 1,0 Pantin 0,45 1,4 Les Lilas 0,62 Paris 1,4 0,74 Bagnolet 1,7 Saint-Ouen 0,79 Saint-Ouen 1,8 Paris 0,84 2,2 Romainville 0,88 2,4 Noisy-le-sec 0,94 Montreuil 2,7 Le Bourget 0,95 Noisy-le-sec 2,9 1,03

Commune Meter/housing Commune Meter/inhab 8,4 Malakoff 4,04 La Garenne-colombes 8,5 La Garenne-colombes 4,10 Châtillon 8,9 Saint-Cloud 4,74 Saint-Cloud 10,5 Coubron 4,76 Coubron 12,8 Châtillon 5,17 Sèvres 13,7 Sèvres 6,02 Chaville 15,7 Chaville 7,19 Ville-d'Avray 22,0 Vaucresson 9,58 Vaucresson 23,4 Ville-d'Avray 10,51 Marnes-la-Coquette 173,4 Marnes-la-Coquette 64,64 Commune Litre/mètre Commune Litre/mètre Marnes-la-Coquette 2,4 Dugny 137,9 Ville-d'Avray 10,9 151,3 Vaucresson 13,6 Romainville 162,4 Chaville 18,4 Le Bourget 187,1 Coubron 23,0 Saint-Ouen 220,9 Sèvres 24,4 Bagnolet 230,0 Saint-Cloud 29,1 Les Lilas 241,9 La Garenne-colombes 33,9 Paris 249,5 Malakoff 34,3 Le Pré Saint Gervais 341,8 Gournay-sur-Marne 39,9 Pantin 416,9

Coubron : Paris : 0,66 €/m 3 = un revenu de 0,015 €/m 0,295 €/m 3 = un revenu de 0,075€/m

Finance : Investments

 Investment revenues 2012 : 660 M€

Subsidies AESN Various; 2,2M€ 0% et Région; 133M € 20%

Amortization; 230,3M€ 35%

Loans (banks); Loans (AESN); 234,3M€ 36% 60M€ 9% Finance : Operating

 Operating expenses 2012 : 565 M€ Recettes BP 2012

Redevances 400,2 Primes d’épuration et Aquex) 58 Autres produits de gestion courante 5,3 Divers 15,9 Quote-part des subventions virées au résultat de 91 l'exercice Total 565,1 Dépenses BP 2012

Routine management expenditure 221,3 Salary 85 Frais financiers 19,5 Dépenses exceptionnelles 9,3 Total 565,1 The SIAAP and the Greater Paris What Sustainable Development means for the SIAAP ?  Being a major actor in sustainable development of Paris area  as regards the preservation of the Seine, English Channel and North Sea; Horizons of Greater Paris

 A medium-term vision : 2030

 A long-term lighting : possible effects of climate change

 How to design the city today to be sustainable tomorrow? Demographic evolution

10.0 ? 9.8 9.6 9.6

9.4

9.2

9.0

8.8

8.6

8.4 Nombre d'habitants en millions en d'habitants Nombre 8.2

8.0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

SIAAP tendanciel SIAAP selon prévision INSEE 54 What water consumption?

700 80

75 600 70

510 500 65

60 400 55 300 52 50

200 45

40 100 35

0 30 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 203055 2035 Volume tendanciel Volume H1 Volume H2 Conso. tendancielle Conso. H1 Conso. H2 The possible effects of climate change

 Effects awaited from the middle of the century  Incresased of average annual temperatures  Mid-century : + 1,5 °C à + 3 °C  Rainfalls : a decreasing trend  Incresased evapotranspiration  Mid-century : + 16 %  Decrease of rivers flows More droughts Consequences for sanitation ?

A "scissors effect" related to possible effects climate change More efficiency More reliability Seine's flow decrease Good status

Increase of Seine more fragile pollutants loads at WWTP 5,3 t 4 t Water price & Sanitation financing

 Uncertainties on the tax base  Cost of the drinking water a priori stabilized  Sanitation costs trending upward ;  Continued efforts to contribute to the objectives of the WFD  Asset management

 Decrease of tax bases and increase of sanatiation cost = increase of the water bill Towards a new governance?

For a source control management :  Stormwater  Micropollutants To organize the city planification and its sanitation Conclusions

Main stakes :  To be able to keep the Seine river in good status  To adapt the governance of Paris area's sanitation  To cope with the uncertanities on water financing policy Thank you for your attention Somme des taux 4,46 €/m 3 Prix au m 3 62 4,87 €/m 3