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Course Syllabus UNIVERSITY FOR PEACE subjects related to media, The University for Peace is G peace and security. G proud to publish, The Role of N N I UNIVERSITY FOR PEACE I the Media in Conflict D D L The University for Peace was L Prevention and Peace I I U established as a Treaty U Building, a course descrip- B B Organization with its own tion that includes syllabus, E E C Charter in an International C teacher s manual, detailed A A E Agreement, adopted by the E structure and suggested P P United Nations General readings. D D N Assembly in Resolution 35/55 N A A of 5 December 1980 with the The course described in this N N THE ROLE OF mission “to provide humanity book is rich in ideas, theories, O O I I T with an international institu- T examples and case studies, N tion of higher education for N and analyzes the crucial issue E E THE MEDIA V peace and with the aim of V of the media s role in conflict E E R promoting among all human R and peace. It neither blames P P beings the spirit of under- the media for starting and T T IN CONFLICT C standing, tolerance and C fueling wars nor promotes I I L peaceful coexistence, to stim- L them as potential peace- F F N ulate cooperation among peo- N PREVENTION AND makers. It simply sees the O O C ples and to help lessen obsta- C press as a uniquely powerful N cles and threats to world N echo chamber of competing I I peace and progress, in keeping realities. A A PEACE BUILDING I I D with the noble aspirations D E proclaimed in the Charter of E The Institute for Media, M M the United Nations.” Peace and Security, estab- E E H H lished by the University for T T The University for Peace, by Peace, has produced this F F O publishing this kind of books, O book, which has two E hopes to contribute to the E authors: Clyde Sanger, L L O noble endeavor of educating O Ottawa correspondent of R R for peace. The institutional the Economist, and Alvaro E E H aspiration is that this text- H Sierra, deputy editor of the T book can inspire scholars and T Colombian newspaper El practitioners to organize Tiempo. Both of them are intensive courses on the Visiting Professors in the mentioned subjects. University for Peace in INSTITUTE FOR MEDIA, PEACE AND SECURITY INSTITUTE FOR MEDIA, PEACE AND SECURITY THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN CONFLICT PREVENTION IN CONFLICT PREVENTION AND PEACE BUILDING AND PEACE BUILDING UNIVERSITY FOR PEACE THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN CONFLICT PREVENTION AND IN CONFLICT PREVENTION AND PEACE BUILDING PEACE BUILDING INSTITUTE FOR MEDIA, PEACE AND SECURITY UNIVERSITY FOR PEACE THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN CONFLICT PREVENTION AND PEACE BUILDING / UNIVERSITY FOR PEACE. — SAN JOSE, C.R. : UNIVERSITY FOR PEACE, 2005. 128 p.; 24 cm. ISBN 9977-925-35-6. 1.PEACE 2.CONFLICT 3.DISPUTE SETTLEMENT-MASS MEDIA 303.66 This publication is funded by the generous contribution of the Canadian International Development Agency Disclaimer: The attention of The University for Peace has been drawn to the fact that materials herewith presented are under international process to receive copyright protection. The University for Peace recalls that, by virtue of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, works are protected without any formality in all the countries party to that Convention. This means that international copyright pro- tection is automatic; it exists as soon as a work is created, and this principle applies in all the countries party to the Berne Convention. It should be noted that this publication has been created for training/education purpose only. No part of it may be reproduced in any form, by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval system. © UNIVERSITY FOR PEACE First Publishing: April 2005 P.O. Box 138-6100, San José, Costa Rica Telephone: (506) 205-9000 • Fax: (506): 249-1929 [email protected] • www.upeace.org CONTENTS FOREWORD . 15 COURSE SYLLABUS . 17 TEACHER’S MANUAL . 41 INTRODUCTION . 41 StrUCTURE . 43 GENERAL . 44 TRAINING . 45 DETAILED STRUCTURE . 48 MODULE I. INTRODUCTION . 48 MODULE II. MEDIA AND CONFLICT IN THE 20TH CENTURY: HISTORICAL MOMENTS . 52 The Crimean War . 52 The American Civil War . 53 The US-Spanish War over Cuba . 53 First World War . 54 Spanish Civil War . 54 Second World War . 55 7 Cold War . 55 Vietnam . 56 From the Persian Gulf War (1991) to the invasion of Iraq (2002) . 56 Internet and the anti-globalizers . 56 Conclusions . 57 Questions to ask . 57 III. MAKING THE NEWS: MEDIA INFLUENCE IN MODERN SOCIETY . 58 Questions to ask . 60 IV. DIFFERENT MEDIA, DIFFERENT OUTCOMES . 61 Questions to ask . 62 V. M EDIA AND CONFLICT . 63 Questions to ask . 65 VI. WOMEN JOURNALISTS IN CONFLICT . 65 Questions to ask . 67 VII. MEDIA AND POLITICIANS . 67 Questions to ask . 68 VIII. PROPAGANDA, CENSORSHIP AND SPIN . 69 Questions to ask . 71 IX. MEDIA, SECURITY AND THE ARMED FORCES . 71 Questions to ask . 74 8 X. MEDIA AND TERRORISM . 74 Questions to ask . 76 XI. ETHICAL DILEMMAS . 77 Questions to ask . 78 XII. MEDIA AND CONFLICT PREVENTION . 79 Questions to ask . 80 XIII. IDEAS FOR RESPONSIBLE CONFLICT COVERAGE . 80 Questions to ask . 82 XIV. MEDIA AND PEACEKEEPING . 82 Questions to ask . 84 XV. MEDIA AND PEACE BUILDING . 84 Questions to ask . 86 XVI. A CRITICAL STANCE . 86 SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR FINAL EXAMINATION . 88 CASE STUDIES . 91 CASE 1: RWANDA . .91 REQUIRED BIBLIOGRAPHY . .92 RESOURCES . 93 RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 93 9 CASE 2: BOSNIA . 95 REQUIRED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 95 RESOURCES . 96 RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 96 CASE 3: PERSIAN GULF AND IRAQ . 97 REQUIRED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 97 RESOURCES . 99 RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 99 CASE 4: NORTHERN IRELAND . 100 REQUIRED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 101 RESOURCES . 101 RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 102 CASE 5: VIETNAM . 104 REQUIRED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 105 RESOURCES . 105 RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 106 CASE 6: ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEMENTS . 107 REQUIRED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 108 RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 109 CASE 7: SOUTH AFRICA . 110 REQUIRED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 111 RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 112 CASE 8: COLOMBIA . ..
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