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Home , Flemingia strobilifera, Phaseoleae

OCCURRENCE OF CAJANINAE IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT, BURMA AND THAILAND1

L.J.G. VAN DER MABSBN2, P. REMANANDAN, N. KAMESWARA RAO, AND R.P.S. FUND»* (With three plates andfive maps) The 1CRISAT Gene Bank houses the world's most exhaustive collection of pigeonpea, Cajtmusco-jam, and its close relatives, which a« classified in the subtribe Cajaatoae, tribe , family Lcguminosae. Wild relatives have a significant rote ia pifeon- pea improvement at present aad in the future. Many of them ate under threat of extinction, and some nay be already extinct. 1CRISAT botanists have been collecting Cajaainae from their major areas of occurrence which include » , Burma and from 1975 onwards. This paper highlight» the manner and frequency of occurrence of the species of Cajemus(incl . Atylosia), , , Flemingïa, Parocalyx, and as observed during recent collection trips compared with herbarium record». Evidently the habitats of several species haw shrunk. Some species, such m C. elongatusaa d C. viilmus from NE India aad C, grandifloms to N and NE India are so difficult to find that they may be close to extinction. These species need to be salvaged. Others may be extinct in son» habitats, weh as C. serkeus front the Eastern Ghats.

INTRODUCTION not properly accountedfo r instatistica lreports . In those cases a survey on the basis of herba­ Pigeonpea, arfaar, tur, or red gram. Cajtmus riumrecord s can givebette r information about cajan (L.) Millsp.,i sa n importanfoodt legum e the distribution of pigeonpea (van der Maesea fa India. In 1983 India grew 2 498 600 ha 1983),eve n when explorers often ignored (Alton. 1983). The world area was 2 95100 0 cultivated plant species,an d it docsno t spcly ha in 1980, and India produced 1 800000 out the extent of cultivation. of 201 ?00 0ton s (unpublished FAO data ile). For pigeonpea improvement a large germ- Outside India pigeonpea is one of the major plasm collection is a prercfeisite. The fenetfe pulse crops in Eastern Africa, particularly resources of any crop include wild species, Kenya, Uganda. Malawi and Tanzania, and to which have been «posed to severe selection the Caribbean region. It is grown to a smaller pressures. Wild relatives of the pigeonpea have extent in many other tropical countries bet­ the potential to contribute desirable genes,an d ween 30 S and 25 N, often in mixtures or in provide insight into the evolution and diversi­ subsistence-farming situations, and is therefore fication of the crop. Hese species are often J Accepted April 1984. difficult to obtain, due to genetic erosion in » Present address: Department of Plant Taxo­ impoverished or diminishing habitats,an d local nomy, Agricultural University, 3? Gea. Poulkesweg endemism. On the other hand, rare species Wsgeaingen, The Nttherltais. * Genetic Eesowra» Unit, fatenutioaal Crop Re­ may prove of more common occorreo.ee than search Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patan- expected from the records, when intensively «faeru, AJP. 502324 sought

4» JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. 82

In a taxonomical revision of DC. monsoons, and from February to April after (van de Maesen 1985) Atylosia tos been de­ the cool season, depending on area and species. clared congeneric with Cajanus, based on com­ After a wet monsoon the will flower parative morphology, cytology, chemical data longer, and produce seeds for a longer span and crossability. The earlier distinction bet­ of time. In some areas of South India, Decem­ ween the genera was mainly based on the ber and January are also suitable for collec­ • absence or presence of a seed stropMole.Caja- tion. • nus cajan has a vestigial stropMole, conspicu­ Precise location data of the collected Caja­ ous in the developing seeds, and in some culti- ninae are listed in various Genetic Resources vars this structure persists at maturity. Some Unit Progress Reports (limited availability at pigeonpea seeds are indistinguishable from ICRISAT), hence they are not repeated here. Atylosia seeds, all of which have a persistent The locations of Cajanus spp. are also listed strophiole. The enumeration lists all 17 species for the specimens examined in a monograph ' of Cajanus from the area under consideration, (van der Maesen 1985). This paper summa­ in total this now has 32 spcies. Maps rizes the recent findings in comparison with 1 and 2 show the distribution of the species, the old records, in an attempt to visualize the based on herbarium study and explorations. present distribution of Cajanus species on We still have not yet collected four of these maps, and to point to possible extinction. species from India and Burma. Other wild genera related to pigeonpea, WILD SPECIES IN PIGEONPEA IMPROVEMENT Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, , , and Eriosema, are also classified in the subtribe Several cross combinations of wild with Cajaninae of the tribe Phaseoleae. Other Caja­ cultivated Cajanus produce viable hybrids, ninae genera not mentioned here are small which can. be used as intermediaries to intro­ and mainly of African distribution (Lackey duce genes from wild to cultivated genotypes. 1980). Both species described in the genus So far several Cajaninae have been screened Endomallus are synonyms of Cajanus goerm's and found to possess desirable traits. Rema- Dab. (van der Maesen 1985). Although less naodan (1981) summarized the utility of cer­ closely related, it would be useful to continue tain species. For instance, accession of C, and complete collection of these genera for albicans, C. Uneatus, C, sericem and C. crama possible future utilization, and possibly to sal­ possess resistance to sterility mosaic C. seara- vage them from, extinct«. baeoides has antibiosis to the pod borer, Héiothis armigera, and most species have high OCCURRENCE OF Cajanus svv. AND protein contents. Biochemically the relatives ÛTMBR CAJAMIMAJB of pigeonpea are very interesting, for they have protease inhibitors that could, provide selec­ Other than the bais of information ptlierej tive resistance apinst certain insects, and are from herbaria and literature, several pointed destroyed by cooking (Singh and lambuna- collections were made between 1975 and 1983 tban 1981). to collect Caianmae. In India generally two Many species are now 'o n hand in the nftriod« are suitable for collection of seeds of ICRISAT collection, but quite a few are rare wild lepmes : in October-November after the and could not. be found during our recent

.4» CAJANINAE IN TUB INDIAN SUBCONTINENT, BURMA AND THAILAND explorations. For iotrogression purposes viable MAINTENANCE OF CAJANINAB seeds are required. We make an appeal to botanists to keep an eye on Cajaainae (and Most Cajaninae have been fp-owm success­ rare relatives of any crop species), and ICRI- fully in ICRISATs Botanic Garden. Those » SAT would be grateful to receive seed and her­ species nativet o India lower about the same barium samples of Oajaninae, in particular time as in nature» except Cajanus mollis tmm k' the species that have so far eluded collec­ the lower hills of the Himalayas, which flowers tion. Detailed location data can be supplied in early August at our Center instead of from upon request. mid-September onwards. Cajanus trhtervim,

m&pl . Distributiono fCa!*wa tpp .i nSauf t tela.

491 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. 82

Map2 , Distributiono fCalanus »pp . inSout hAsia . which is adapted to high altitudes, hardly sur­ At ICRJSAT the species are not grown vives at 600 m and does notflower. T o execute under shade, and apparently perennate not as interspecific hybridization, flower buds were well as in nature. On the other hand, growth collected in the Nilgiri hills aad stored on ice tends to be luxurious, because competition is in a thermos flask, and used for pollination removed, and the plants are irrigated. Insect c. 48 hours after collection. This technique pests have to be controlled by spraying insecti­ was successful, and may be applicable to other cides, for instance C. albicans tends to suffer species not adapted to the place of research. from scale insects, especially in the second

492 CÀMN1NAE IN TBE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT, BURMA AND THAILAND year of growth. In nature pod borers and pod Cajanus crassus (Prain ex King) vdMaesen flies also attack Cajanus, but eg. C. scarahaeoi- (= C. volubilis sensu Gamble) des possesses mechanical resistance and anti­ BURMA, INDIA: quite widely distributed ex­ biosis aganist pod borers. Seeds shatter and cept Rajasthan, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, no­ have to be collected daily or biweekly. The where frequent, JAVA, NEPAL, MALAYA, foliage of most Cajaninae appears palatable to , THAILAND. (0-800 ffl). cattle, another factor limiting the survival of Climber on trees or shrubs, sal,, teak or pine wild pigeonpeas. forests, along streams and on dry soils. In Many seeds of Cajaninae have hard seed- Burma var. burmamem pods have long semi- coats, and tend to exhibit dormancy. As a caducous golden brown hairs, var. crassusha s routine, seeds are scariied before sowing by short puberulous pods. The only wild pigeon­ a sharp instrument. Seed dormancy can also pea on the Andaman Islands. Fl. Jan.-March. be removed by sulphuric acid 98% treatment Cajanus elongates (Benth.) vdMaesen for 30 minutes (N. K. Rao et al., n.d.) , BURMA, INDIA: Assam, Mcgbitlaya: At ICRISAT seeds are preserved at +4C Khasi hills, Iseira river, Mairang, Sorjung, and 30% RH, to ensure longevity and viability. Mowphlang, Moagpoh, Nunkloes, Laitlyngkot, near Kynshi, Nilpara (up to 2000 m), last ENUMERATION OF CAJANINAE collected to India in November 1957, in West Bengal: Nilpara; NEPAL, last 'Collected in 1967; Cajanus (incl. Atylosa) VIETNAM. Very rare, not found recently des­ Cajanus albicans (Wt. & Arn.) vdMaesea pite thorough searches, may have faced ex­ INDIA: Andhra Pradesh, Karaataka, Kerala, tinction due to habitat destruction. Collection Tamil Nadu, (500-1700 m). Quite and preservation warranted. Twiner on grasses. common, recent finds many. Retreated to more Fl. July-Nov. or less undisturbed forests, near open spaces, Cajanus goeasis Date. climber in trees or shrubs. Fl. Oct-Apr, , BURMA, : YUQUan; Cajanus cap» (L.) Millsp. INDIA: Arunacha! Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, PANTROPICAL (0-2000 m). Widely cultivated Kerala, Maharashtra, Megialaya, Mizoram, in India, the pigeonpea, arhar, tur or red grant. Tamil Nadu, Tripura; , , MALAY­ Very rarely surviving as an escape, since SIA, THAILAND, VIETNAM (0-1500 m). A pecu­ grazing is severe outside protected areas. El liar disjunct distribution. Climber hi shrubs Sept,-April. and trees, dry deciduous or moist forests, hi Cajanus eajanifelh» (Haines) vdMaesen shade or near open, places. FI. Aug.-Maœh, INDIA: endemic of the E. Ghats of NE mainly Jan.-Febr. Andhra Pradesh, Puri and Korapui district of Cajawts paaiiB«» (Benth. ex laker) Orissa, and Bastar district of Madhya Pradesh vdMaesen (Bailadila) (500-1280 m). Very rare, found BHUTAN, BURMA, CHINA: YUOBÎUÏ; INDIA: in more locations when searched for. So far NE Uttar Pradesh: Bagesar (Bageahwar), known from less than twenty accessions. The Kumaon; Upper Gaifrwal, Manlpur: Hairing, closest relative of pigeonpea. Erect shrub in not Naga Hills, Laimatak; Sikkitn; Little Raagit too dense forests. Fl. Nov-Apr. river; lower hills. In India last found in Mami-

•4§3 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST.SOCIETY, Vol.82 pur in 1948. Collection warranted. Fl. July- are favourable. Not always found where col­ Nov. lected earlier. FL Aug.-Oct. Cajanus heynei (Wt. & Arn.) vdMaesen Cajanos rugosas (Wt. & Am.) vdMaesen (= Dunbttriaheynei Wt. & Am.) INDIA: South peninsular hills; SRI LANKA INDIA: W. Ghats of Got, Karnataka, Kerala, (1300-2400 m). Recently only found in the Maharashtra» Tamil Nadu» also rarely in the Shevaroy hills and Sri Lanka. Tends to be plains. Not uncommon, this species found a confused with Rhynchcnàa filipes, which is refuge over a large area in S. India, but fre­ common around Kodaikanal. Twining and quence of occurrence is low. Climber on shrubs creeping in forests, low shrubs and in open and trees. Fl. Dec-March. grassy downs. Fl. June-July, Sept-April, main­ Cgjams Ineatui (Wt. & Arn.) vdMaesen ly Dec.-Jan. Appears to be on the verge A INDIA: W. Ghats of Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, extinction. Maharashtra, Nilgiri Mils of Tamil Nadu; SRI Calamus gcarabaeoii« (L.) du Petit-Thouars LANKA, found there only once and not traced S and'SE ASIA, parts of OCEANIA, coastal recently (400-1660 m). The commonest of AFRICA, MADAGASCAR, JAMAICA (0-1000 tt). shrubby Cajanus spp., surviving on ungrazed The commonest wild species, creeping/climb- ledges, hillsides of difficult approach or where ing in open grass lands, dry scrub or (semi) grazing is limited, here and there in large deciduous forests such as sal and teak. The populations. Fl. Oct.-Apr. only species which is of frequent occurrence Caiiwtos mous (Benth.) vdMaesen almost all over India. Fl. Sept-April. BHUTAN, INWA: Arunachal Pradesh, Htea- Calant» sériée« (Benth. ex Baker) vdMaesen chal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Utter Pra­ Endemic of INDIA: Western and Pastern desh, Himalaya hills; NBPAL, (700- Ghats, Mt Abu, Satpura Mts, (500-1300 m). 2000 m). Not uncommon, always found in Recently only found in the Western Ghats populations of a few or single plants. Oimbing near Pune, not found on Mt Abu, Endrila on shrubs, pine and broadleaf trees. Fl Sept- Hill of Visakhapatnam Hills. Undershrub in Nov. dry deciduous forests, grassy lands and Mi Gtfum* rive«» (Benth.) vdMaesen slopes. Fl. Sept-Febr. BURMA, CHIKA: Yunnan (0-1350 m). Last Gift»« «»«vi» (DC.) vdMaesen found in 1950betwee n Mandalay and Maymyo, Hills and hill tops of S INDIA and SRI IANKA open jangle, hill sides of upper and lower (850-2650 m). In shrub vegetation, semi-open Bum«, may be found in NE India. Fl Aug- evergreen forest, grasslands, between boulders. Dec. Collection warranted. Quite localised, this shrub forms populations Cajanus pfarycwptn (Benth.) vdMaesen' of a few dozen plants where left undisturbed. INDIA: Biliar, Delhi, Gujarat» Himachal Pra­ Flowers throughout the year, except July, seeds desh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, most likely to be present Jan.-March. Uttar Pradesh; ISWJMISIA» NIFAL, PAKISTAN Cajanui vlfaws (Benth. ex'Baker ) vdMaesen (50-2«) m). Trailing in grass«, along road­ wot*: endemic of Sikkim and NW Bengal, sides, in pine forests, this species suffers from Terai plains» and foothills (150-1300 m). grazing and is far from comnaon except when Creeper in passes and low shrubs, very rare, left alone. The earliest ioweriog sped«, tends last collected in 1895 in the Eastern Dusts. to grow annual, perennates when conditions Possibly extinct. Fl. Sept-Oct. 1

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Dunbsria those in Prain (1903), Gamble (1918) or AH (1977). Ali recognizes theBake r (1876) varieties Dunbariu cirrinalis Baker as species. Thuan does not distinguish them fat BURMA, INDIA: Assam» Sikkim. A deader the flora of Vietnam, but some arô distinct climber. enough. Nair (1977) uses the split ip*i«§» Uunbaria dehilis Baker wider Moghunia. The genus is presently receiv­ INDIA: Meglialaya» Nurting or Nurtiung ing attention for theMor a of India (1aothathri . (1300 m). Only known from a few old speci­ pers. commun.). The species and the recent mens. finds are reflected in Map 3. Duniaria fccruginea "Wt. & Arn. I k-mingia thappar Ham. ex Benth. Hills of S INDU» SM LANKA. Mor© coamoB BURMA, CAMBODIA, INDIA: Bihar, E IIi»S" and vigorous than most large Cojmue clim­ : layas, Orissa» S. India, TUAILANB, LAOS ((MOÖO bers, this species is commonly found in popu­ ra), la dry, open forests, on poor soils» com­ lations of a few targe specimen»coverin g shrubs mon in eastern pact of ace«. Erect shrub». JPL or entire trees. FI (Sept-) Dec-Febr. Dec-Jam. Paiiharl« faam (Wall) Ka« I'iemingiu ferrughu>a Grab, ex Benth. BURMA, INDIA, LAOS, THAILAND, ¥IBTM4M BHUTAN, BURMA, INDIA.' Mlgiris; LAOS, (0-1500ni) . À rather little-known species. PIUUPPINIS, THAILAND. On the plains, along Daiifcsrla gland«!«» (Date.) Pain streams, and in wet inundated forests. Erect INDIA: Assam» Maharashtra. Fl: Aiig.«Sept shrub. Rare, localise. var. ftuminaiis (C. B. Clarke ex Prain) Nguyen Dwitarla podoearpa Kurz Van Thuan. BURMA, CHINA, CAMBODIA, INDIA: AfttHi: BURMA, CHINA, INDIA, LAOS, VIETNAM (0-500 Losttai hills, Mizoraitt: Aiial; 'La», viBfMAM ni). Along rivers, on sandy and clay loam (1G0CM50Ö m). A climber. Ft Mov.-Apl. soils. DBWI rettiiiiiftÉl» (Low.) Merr. var. glutinosa Prain (= D, eetmperM Benth.) BURMA, LAOS, THAILAND, VILTNAM. Open AUSTRALIA, BANCSLADBSH, BtJEMa» CHINA, forests, uncultivated areas. Erect shrub with INDIA: Assam, West Bengal, Peninsula; MAJLAY long glandular hairs. PENINSULA, PHIUFPINES. Pound on« recently, Fknüngia grahamiana Wt. & Am. near Jaipaigori. Oiniber on grasses. FI Nov. AFRICA. BURMA, CHINA, INDIA: Nilgiri and Palni Hills, W Karnataka; LAOS, VII-TNAM Emomma (0-1500 m). Of very localised occurrence, not Eriosema chincnse Vopl rare. FL. Oct.-Febr. AUSTRALIA. BURMA, INDIA: Knii-Jaym ioot- Flemingia involucrata Benth. Mllf*. , PWI.IPPINLS, SRI LANKA. The S & SE ASIA, INDIA: E Himalaya, Assam, only species in India, in Africa this genus Sikkim, Konkan (0-1100 m). In open forests, counts many species. Not found by 1C RI SA T along coast, hillsides. Erect shrub. collectors. Tubers edible (Singh & Arora 1978). Flcniingia limata (L.) Roxb. ex Ait. f. Fleiningia (~ Moghanid) var lineata. We follow the treatment of Nguyen Van CAMBODIA, INDIA: widely distributed; LAOS, Thuan (1979), which does not conform with SRI LANKA, VIETNAM (0-600 m). Erect shrub JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURALHIST. SOCIETY, Vol. 82 in plains, open forests, along rivers. Fl. Febr.- var. nana (F. nana Roxb.) March. INDIA: C &E Himalayas, Konkan (800-1600 FfaiiiiigMi maoropiyita (Wiild.) Praia m). Found twice recently, possibly not very BURMA, CAMBODIA, CHINA, INDIA: from the rare. Himalayas to South Peninsula, LAOS, PAKIS­ TAN, SRI LANKA, THAILAND (0-2ÛÔÛ Dl). la Flemiogia panfcuMa Wail, ex Benth. dense and open forest, hedges, on hills, along • BURMA, INDIA: C & E HIMALAYA; LAOS, rivers, on red and clay soils. Quite common, THAILAND (0-1100 m). Localised itt bamboo often collected, alsorecently. F L Oct.-March. forests. Erect shrub. Fl. March.

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#6 CAJANINAE IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT, BURMA AND THAILAND

Flemingia procooibeiK Roxb, (0-1200 m). In dense or open toteste, along (= F. vestiiaBenth . ex Baker ?) streams, meat rice fields and ©a rocky sol. S&SE ASIA, INDU (0-1700m) : Himalayas, Robust shrub, FI. Oct-March, F. vestita is wild, and also cultivated for Its Ftentiagta sÉrehlIfa» (L.) Ait f. edible tuber (Singh & Arora 1974). Fl Oct- var. afroblifeia. Nov. Synonymy by Thuan questionable. S & SB ASIA, INDIA, PAKISTAN (0-1SOO m). Ffetningia stricta Roxb. ex Ait. f. Open forests and grasslands, reasonably com­ S & SE ASIÂ, INDIA: Assam, W. Peninsula mon, tall erect staub. Fl. Oct-March.

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Map4 . Locationswher eOunöar/ aan dParaca/yxsp p havebe# nfoun drecently I n . JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. 82

var. fnrtfcöJosa Baker. Rhynchosia cana DC. INDIA, NEPAL, PAKISTAN (up tO 1600 m). INDIA, Peninsula; sw LANKA (200-1400 m). Forests, a prostrate form. Fl. Oct-March. A small erect shrub, not common and infre­ Flemingia taberosa Dalz. quent. Fl. Sept.-Febr. INDIA: Maharashtra, W Ghats along the Rhvnchosia densiflora DC. coast. Trailing herb. The tuberous roots are INDIA: Peninsula; E. AFRICA (200-1600 m). eaten (Singh & Arora 1978). Fl. Sept.-Oct. Slender twiner in grasses or shrubs. Not com­ mon. Fl. Nov.-Jan. Paracalyx Rhynchosia falconer! Baker Paracalyx scariosa (Roxb.) Ali INDIA: Garhwal, Shahli. Trailing herb, rare, BURMA, INDIA: forest edges and roadsides not found recently, as also stated by Nair of Goa» Kamataka, Maharashtra, and Orissa; (1977). THAILAND (0-1300 m). Conspicuous with Rhynchosia fffipes Benth. its white papery extended calyx. Of occasional INDIA: Nilgiri and Palni Hills (1400-2300 occurrence. Fl. Nov.-Febr. m). A creeper on grasses,o r hangingfro m cliffs. Endemic to small area, relatively frequent Rhynchosia there. Fl. (Oct.-) Dec.-Febr. Rhynctoria aCTtissiina Thwaites Rhynchosia heynei Wt. & Arn. INWA: Kerala, Meghalaya, Sifckim; SRI INDIA: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil LANKA Rare, specific status under review. Fl. Nadu (c. 1000 m). An erect low shrub, col­ Dec. (Kerala). lected twice in recent tunes from the Tirumalai Rhynchosia avenus Benth. ex Bak. hills, not common. Fl. Febr.-March. BURMA: endemic (800-1200 m). Rare, speci­ Grows with difficulty at ICRISAT Center ficstatu s under review. Fl. Nov.-May. near Hyderabad (600 m). Rhynchosia awea DC. Rhynchosia himalensis Benth. ex Baker. INDIA, sw LANKA (0-800 m). Creeper on BURMA, INDIA: Himachal Pradesh, N Pun­ grasses, widespread and quite frequent, har­ jab, Kumaon, Garhwal; PAKISTAN (1400-1700 vested along with grasses for hay and grazed m). Climber or trailing shrub, quite rare, col­ extensively. Not unequivocally distinguishable lected once recently. Fl. Aug.-Oct. from R. nummularia DC. and R. capitata Rhynchosia hirta (Andrews) Meikle & (Roth) DC. Ali (1977) retained R. capitata, Yerdcourt [= R. eyanosperma Benth., R. and did not discuss R. auKo. FI. Sept.-Jan. albiflom (Sims) Alston] MhyiKtaotia bracteata Benth. ex Bak. INDIA, SRI LANKA, E. AFRICA (600-1200 m). BURMA, 'INDIA: Upper Gangetic Plain» S A robust woody climber in forests with pecu­ Andhra Pradesh, LAOS, THAILAND (0-1000 m). liar blue seeds. Occasional. FL Dec.-March, Found by ICRISAT collectors in a large popu­ mainly Jan.-Febr. lation E of Mandalay, along roadside near Rhynchosia memnonia DC. forest, and in few specimens near the Maha- ARABIA, PAKISTAN, TROPICAL AFRICA. Hardly nandi Temple (A.P.), and in NW Thailand. more than a variety of R. minima, status under Very vigorous, so despite its scattered occur­ review. rence not likely to become extinct. FL Dec- Rbynchoiia minima DC. March. INDIA, everywhere in the plains and up to

491 J. BOMBAY NAT. HIST. SOC. 82 PLATE III van der Macsen: Cajaninae

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•4- *7îllv CA- TX.*».»BW V Above: (PR 4664). Below: Cajanus lineaius on hillslope near Dévala, Wynad, Kerala. CAJANINAE IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT, BURMA AND THAILAND c. 1200 m ia the Himalayas, COSMOPOLITAN, Rhynchösia psewte-caia» Camb, A slender creeping annual, very common in INDÎA: W. Himalayas; PAKISTAN (800-3000 grasses and scrub vegetation. A useful pasture m). An erect shrub, poorly represented in the . Var. laxiflora (Camb.) Baker is» it herbarium and apparently rare. Not found seems, found more often as a climber. Fl. July-March. when searched for. Last specimens are 1953 Khyitetioiia piosa Wall. nom. mid. finds in RAW from Poonch, and in DD from BURMA, Segaen along the Irrawaddy. Rare, Jakhri and Neerath in Himachal Pradesh. Fl. status under review. May-Oct

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Map9 . Location«whe nHhynchoslà app .hav ebee nfoun drecentl yi nSout hAsia . JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. 82

Rhynchösia pwlTereienta Stocks Rhyochosfa schimperi Höchst ex Boiss. AFRICA, ARABIA, INDIA; RajaStllâQ, PAKISTAN: ARABIA, EGYPT, INDIA: Rajasthan; PAEISTAN: Karachi (0-200 m?). Found also recently.E L Thar desert. Quite rare. Altitude not reported, Jan.-Juiy. Fl. Sept-March. Ittynchoste roAM Benth. et Aitchis. Rhyiichoéa so»«*» DC. (= R. sericeaSpan. ) INDIA: South Peninsula, SRI LANKA (200- INDIA, from the Himalayas to the S Penin­ 1000 m). Another low shrub with trailing sula; PAKISTAN, MALAYAN PENINSULA (200- branches, not rare in forests. Fl.Nov . 1300 m). Quite common in Southern India, Rhyncliesia wlirtina Wt. & Arn. climber perennating from woody roots, with INDIA: Henry & Swamteathan (1979) re­ purple and cream flowers. Fl. Sept.-Febr. discovered thespecie s to South Indai: Viveka- Miynchosis rofetcM» (Willd.) DC. nandapuram near Cape Comorin. BANGLADESH, INDIA: South Peninsula» SRI Ràpidiosla viseosaDC . LANKA, JAVÂ (0-1800m) . Asuberec t low shrub AFRICA, INDIA: widespread; MALAYA, MADA­ with trailing branches, not rare in S. India» GASCAR, MAURITIUS, SRI LANKA (0-1000 m). found recently at many occasions in forests Flowers yellow, not easy to distinguish from and along roadsides. Fl. Oct.-April. R. rothiii f lower colour is unknown. FLFebr .

REFERENCES

Au, S. I. (1977): Flora of West Pakistan. Vol. 15-19 December 1980, Patatiehera, A.P., India, pp. 100. Papilionaeeae: 217-232. 29-38 . ANON. (1983): Agric. Situation in India 83(3) : SINGH, H. B. & Ai»«*, R. K. (1978) : Wild edible I§9 . plants of India. Indian Council for Agricultural BAKER. J. G. & HOOKER. J. D. (1876) : Flora of Research, New Delhi, pp. 89. British India. Vol. II: 212-230. SINGH, U. & JAMBUNATHAN, R. (1981) : Protease GAMBLE, J. S. (1918): Flora of the Presidency inhibitors and in vitro protein digestibility of pigeon- of Madras, (Repr, BSI 1967). Vol 1: 259-267. pea (Calamus cajan (L.) Millsp. and its wild ral%- HENRY, A. N. & SWAMINATHAN, M. S. (197*): tives. /. Food Sei. TecknoL 18: 246-247. Rediscovery of Rhynchmia vetutma Wight et Am. TMUAN, NGUYEN VAN (1979): Flore «la Cam- (Papilionaceae) and Toxocarpta beddomei Gamble bodge, du.Lao s et du Viet-natn. Vol. 17: 106-155. (Asclcpiadaceae). Bull. hot. Surv. India 21: 227-228. LACKEY, 1.(1981): Phaseoleae DC. In Advances VAN BEI MABSEN, L. J, G. (1983) : World Distri­ in Legume Systematic* Part 1: 301-327. bution of *Pigeonpea. Information Bulletin 14: pp. NAIR, N. C. (»77): Flora of Bashahr Himalayas. 40. International Crops Research Institute for the Int. Bioscieo« PuW. Hissar/Madras: 73, 84, 85, Semi-Arid Tropics. 87, 88. • (1985): Cajmms DC PRAIN, D. (1903): Bengal Plants. Vol. 1: 266- aad Atyhsia W. &A. (Leguminosae). A «vision of 273 (Repr. BSI 1963). all taxa closely related to tee plgeonpea, with notes REMANANMN, P. (1981): The Wild Genepool of on other related genera within the subtribe Caja- Cejmus at ICRISAT. Present and Future, ICE1SAT ninae. Agricultsral University WageoingetL Pap«» Proceeding» Intern, Workshop on Pigeespeas, Vol. % 85-4,

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