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International Magazine on Sea and ■ Vita Mari Ph INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE ON SEA AND ■ VITA MARI PH Nautilus Shells as collectors’ items (3) The Neritidae from the circumarabian seas VITA MARINA A magazine on marine Zoology, with emphasis Een blad op het gebied van mariene zoölogie, on molluscs met nadruk op weekdieren. EDITORIAL STAFF Jan Paul Buijs REDACTIE Henk Dekker Willem Faber David Feld Dr.Theo Kemperman Gijs Kronenberg Freek Titselaar Dr. Tom Walker COVER PLATE Leo Man in ’t Veld PLAAT OMSLAG ADVISORY BOARD Dr. A.C. van Bruggen REDACTIE ADVIESRAAD Dr. H.E. Coomans Prof. Dr. E. Gittenberger Prof. Dr. L.B. Holthuis PUBLISHER VITA MARINA AND STICHTING UITGEVER VITA MARINA EN SPIRULA BIOLOGIA MARITIMA SPIRULA BOARD BESTUUR PRESIDENT Jan Paul Buijs VOORZITTER SECRETARY Henk Dekker SECRETARIS TREASURER Gab Mulder PENNINGMEESTER Jeroen Goud ADDRESS P.O. Box 64628 ADRES NL-2506 CA DEN HAAG The Netherlands TELEPHONE +31(0)70-3551245 TELEFOON +31(0)70-3600434 FAX +31(0)70-3551245 FAX E-MAIL [email protected] E-MAIL WWW http://home.wxs.nl/~spirula WWW GIRO BANK ACCOUNT 606100 POSTGIROREKENING PRINTER RIBBERINK VAN DER GANG DRUKKER ZOETERMEER The Netherlands ISSN-0165-8980 Vita Marina 47(2): 25-28 August 2000 Nautilus Shells as collectors’ items in the “Kunst- und Wunderkammer”. Supplementary notes (2) Nautilusschelpen als verzamelobjecten in de “Kunst- und Wunderkammer”. Aanvullende notities (2) C.J.H.M. TAX Kempkeshoeve 55, NL-5256 NV Vught, the Netherlands As a sequel to my article with the above title (1995) and In aanvulling op mijn artikel met bovenstaande titel to the first supplement thereof (1996), 1 would like to (1995) en het eerste supplement hierop (1996), wil ik comment on some Nautilus objects that have been treat­ bij deze gelegenheid gaarne nog enkele tot dusverre ed in literature only once before or not at all. It is pleas­ niet of slechts één enkele maal besproken Nautilus- ant, that all these objects can be viewed with minimal objecten onder de aandacht brengen. Een prettige bij­ trouble by anyone interested in them, since all are pre­ komstigheid hierbij is, dat al deze objecten zonder veel served in Dutch public collections in Utrecht (3 loca­ moeite door eenieder die daarvoor belangstelling koes­ tions), Amsterdam and ’s-Hertogenbosch. tert te bezichtigen zijn, omdat zij allen in Nederlandse openbare verzamelingen worden bewaard, en wel in A few years ago, the Noordbrabants Museum in ’s- Utrecht (3 locaties), Amsterdam en ’s-Hertogenbosch. Hertogenbosch acquired a Nautilus Clip, which is the only known example, at least in its present form, of this type of vessel made in the Netherlands after 1700 and the only one ever made in the southern provinces (of the present kingdom) (Tax, 1997). The pearled shell is partly perforated with six slits following a technique discussed in the original article, while next to the aper­ ture a septum has been exposed and the well-known helmet has been sculpted. The side walls of the shell have been engraved with flowers and vines, from which sprout the half figures of, among others, a satyr, a Cupid and a lion. The mounts consist of a stepped foot, a stem shaped like a big fish, two clamps, a smooth lip, the wide open mouth of a sea monster, and a winged Cupid with shield and spear crowning it all. The foot carries the maker’s mark of the ’s-Hertogen­ bosch goldsmith Wernardus Franciscus van Beugen (master-goldsmith since 1740, died 1759) and both it and the stem closely conform to the ruling style at the time of its manufacture, the Rococo. However, the mountings in direct contact with the shell, as well as the Nautilus shell itself, appear to date from the seven­ teenth century. This seems to indicate, that both parts were joined at a later date, the fish perhaps originally having held a silver salver. If so, it is certainly not an isolated case, because the National Maritime Museum in Amsterdam preserves a Nautilus Cup, which is com­ posed of a seventeenth-century shell (with an engraved naval battle) and a foot and stem that were clearly taken Fig. i. from a Late Gothic chalice. The reasons for such join­ Wemardus Franciscus van Beugen, Nautilus Cup, XVII and 1740- 1759. Noordbrabants Museum, ’s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands. ing together are not at once obvious. It could have been Wernardus Franciscus van Beugen, Nautilusbeker, XVII en 1740- done at the order of a previous owner, who had (parts 1759. Noordbrabants Museum, 's-Hertogenbosch, Nederland. VITA MARINA, VOL. 47(2): 25 Tax, C.J.H.M. - Nautilus Shells as collectors’ items Het Noord-Brabants Museum te ‘s-Hertogenbosch ver­ wierf enkele jaren geleden een Nautilusbeker, die tot bijzonderheid heeft, dat hij het enig bekende exemplaar is dat, althans in zijn huidige vorm, na 1700 in Neder­ land, en dan nog wel beneden de grote rivieren, tot stand is gekomen [Tax 1997]. De geparelmoerde schelp is volgens een reeds eerder besproken procédé gedeel­ telijk opengewerkt door middel van een zestal sleuven. Grenzend aan de apertura is een septum vrijgelegd en is tevens het bekende helmpje uitgesneden. De flanken van de schelp zijn gegraveerd met bloemen en rank- motieven, waaraan halffiguren ontspruiten van onder meer een satyr, een Erosfiguurtje en een leeuw. Het montuur ten slotte bestaat uit een getrapte voet, een stam in de vorm van een grote vis, twee beugels, een gladde rand, de wijd opengesperde muil van een zee­ monster en een gevleugelde Eros met speer en schild als bekroning. De voet is voorzien van het stempel van de Bossche zil­ versmid Wemardus Franciscus van Beugen (meester- zilversmid sinds 1740, overleden 1759) en sluit - samen met de stam - in zijn vormgeving duidelijk aan bij de heersende stijl in de tijd van zijn ontstaan, de Rococo. Daarentegen lijken de overige onderdelen van het mon­ Fig. 2. Nautilus Cup, XVIa and XVII. National Maritime Museum, Amster­ tuur, die in rechtstreeks contact staan met de schelp, dam, the Netherlands. evenals de schelp zelf, veeleer te dateren uit de zeven­ Nautilusbeker, XVIa en XVII. Nederlands Scheepvaartmuseum, tiende eeuw. Het lijkt er dan ook op, dat beide ensem­ Amsterdam, Nederland. bles pas op een later tijdstip zijn samengevoegd en dat de vis oorspronkelijk misschien een geheel zilveren schaal ondersteunde. Indien dit zo is, staat dit geval of) two of his objets d’art merged into a single new evenwel niet op zichzelf, want in het Rijksmuseum object, but the joining might equally have been the Nationaal Scheepvaartmuseum te Amsterdam wordt work of an unscrupulous antiques dealer, who fraudu­ een Nautilusbeker bewaard, die is samengesteld uit een lently wished to create greater interest in some less zeventiende-eeuwse schelp (met een gegraveerde zee­ spectacular objects in order to boost prices. slag) en een voet en stam die duidelijk afkomstig zijn van een laat-gotische kelk. De redenen voor een derge­ In both these instances the shells may originally have lijke samenvoeging zijn niet zonder meer duidelijk. Zij been part of those Cabinets of Curiosities, that played kan geschied zijn in opdracht van een vroegere eige­ such a big part in seventeenth-century cultural life. The naar, die (onderdelen van) twee van zijn kunstvoor­ atmosphere generated by such a Cabinet can be sam­ werpen liet combineren tot één nieuw object, maar de pled at the top floor of the renewed University Museum samenvoeging kan ook het werk zijn geweest van een in Utrecht, where many of Nature’s miracles have been antiekhandelaar, die op frauduleuze wijze geprobeerd brought together, ranging from stuffed mammals, birds heeft tamelijk saaie voorwerpen interessanter te maken and reptiles, skeletons, shells and sea animals, to wet om zodoende de vraagprijs te kunnen opvoeren. preparations, minerals and even the skull and tusk of a Narwhal. The collection, however, also includes three In beide gevallen kunnen de schelpen oorspronkelijk seventeenth- or early eighteenth-century worked, but deel hebben uitgemaakt van rarireitenkabinetten, die unmounted Nautilus shells, one of which is on display zo’n belangrijke rol speelden in de cultuur van vooral in a showcase devoted to the cephalopods on the de Gouden Eeuw. De sfeer die zo’n kabinet moet heb­ ground floor of the museum. Two of these shells have a ben uitgestraald, kan men nog goed proeven op de bo­ phragmacone perforated with S-shaped slits, in accor­ venste etage van het vernieuwde Utrechtse Universi­ dance with the example from ’s-Hertogenbosch, while teitsmuseum, waar talloze natuurwonderen zijn bijeen­ the walls of the living chamber are decorated with en­ gebracht, variërend van opgezette zoogdieren, vogels graved scenes of an otherwise mediocre quality. The en reptielen, skeletten, schelpen en zeedieren, tot natte third specimen on the other hand is much more interest- preparaten, mineralen en zelfs een Narwalschedel met VITA MARINA, VOL. 47(2): 26 Tax, C.J.H.M. - Nautilus Shells as collectors' items ing, since it demonstrates a technique, that has not been stoottand. De collectie omvat echter ook drie zeven­ witnessed before and of which no other example seems tiende- of vroeg-achttiende-eeuwse bewerkte, maar to have been preserved. The phragmacone of this par­ ongemonteerde Nautilusschelpen, waarvan er overigens ticular shell has been perforated with mirrorwise ar­ één is ondergebracht in een aan koppotigen gewijde vi­ ranged comma-shaped slits of large size, which permit trine op de begane grond van het museum. Twee van one to view substantial parts of the convex sides of the deze schelpen hebben een door middel van S-vormige underlying septa, while above the last septum there is a sleuven opengewerkte fragmakegel, overeenkomstig heartshaped opening. The exposed septa in turn are per­ het besproken Bossche exemplaar, terwijl de wanden forated with patterns which are adapted to the cut-out van de woonkamer versierd zijn met gegraveerde tafe­ shapes above: dotted rings with central holes beneath relen van een overigens zeer middelmatige kwaliteit.
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