Estratégia De Subversão
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Israeli Reactions in a Soviet Moment: Reflections on the 1970 Leningrad Affair
No. 58 l September 2020 KENNAN CABLE Mark Dymshits, Sylva Zalmanson, Edward Kuznetsov & 250,000 of their supporters in New York Ciry, 1979. (Photo:Courtesy of Ilya Levkov; CC-BY-SA) Israeli Reactions in a Soviet Moment: Reflections on the 1970 Leningrad Affair By Jonathan Dekel-Chen The Kennan Institute convened a virtual meeting and public demonstrators pushed the Kremlin to retry in June 2020 marking the 50th anniversary of the the conspirators, commute death sentences for their attempted hijacking of a Soviet commercial flight from leaders, and reduce the prison terms for the rest. Leningrad.1 The 16 Jewish hijackers hoped to draw international attention to their struggle for emigration to A showing of the 2016 documentary filmOperation Israel, although many of them did not believe that they Wedding (the code name for the hijacking) produced by would arrive at their destination. Some were veterans Anat Zalmanson-Kuznetsov, daughter of two conspirators, of the Zionist movement who had already endured preceded the Kennan panel and served as a backdrop punishment for so-called “nationalist, anti-Soviet for its conversations. The film describes the events from crimes,” whereas others were newcomers to activism.2 the vantage point of her parents. As it shows, the plight Their arrest on the Leningrad airport tarmac in June of the hijackers—in particular Edward Kuznetsov and 1970, followed by a show trial later that year, brought Sylva Zalmanson—became a rallying point for Jewish the hijackers the international attention they sought. and human rights activists in the West. Both eventually Predictably, the trial resulted in harsh prison terms. -
Turkish Policy Towards Israel and Palestine : Continuity Change in the Relations of Turkish
Palestinian-Israeli triangle under the rule of Justice and Development Party (AKP) (2002-2016) policy towards Israel and Palestine : Continuity change in the relations of Turkish- Turkish The AKP’s material and ideological interests have been used as a ‘goal’ and also as a ‘tool’. This means that whenever the AKP government is threatened and confronted with internal or external troubles, these interests can move from being a ‘goal’ to be used as a ‘means’ to consolidate AKP’s power. In the case of stability, Turkish policy towards Israel and Palestine these interests can be seen in the context of being a ‘goal’, which the AKP is Continuity and change in the relations of the Turkish- looking forward to achieve. This AKP pragmatic policy is called exploitation-via- Palestinian-Israeli triangle under the rule of the Justice and cooperation. Development Party (AKP) (2002-2016) Mohammed Alsaftawi Mohammed Alsaftawi is a researcher at the Ghent Institute for International Studies at the Department of Political Science, Ghent University. Mohammed Alsaftawi Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Supervised by Prof. Dries Lesage Faculty of Political and Social Sciences Department of Political Science Turkish policy towards Israel and Palestine: Continuity and change in the relations of the Turkish- Palestinian-Israeli triangle under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) (2002-2016) Doctoral dissertation submitted by: Mohammed Alsaftawi in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Supervised by Prof. Dries Lesage Academic Year 2016-2017 January 2017, Ghent Belgium Samenvatting Het Turks buitenlandsbeleid is een beladen onderwerp, bestudeerd door verscheiden academici. -
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Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Human Rights Studies Master of Arts Program Silencing “Breaking the Silence”: The Israeli government’s agenda respecting human rights NGOs activism since 2009 Ido Dembin Thesis Adviser: Prof. Yinon Cohen Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 12 September, 2018 Abstract This research examines a key aspect in the deterioration of Israeli democracy between 2009-2018. Mainly, it looks at Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's Right-wing governments utilization of legislative procedure to limit the right to free speech. The aspects of the right to free speech discussed here pertain to dissenting and critical activism against these government’s policies. The suppression of said right is manifested in the marginalization, delegitimization and ultimately silencing of its expression in Human Rights NGOs activism. To demonstrate this, the research presents a case study of one such NGO – “Breaking the Silence” – and the legal and political actions designed to cause its eventual ousting from mainstream Israeli discourse. The research focuses on the importance and uniqueness of this NGO, as well as the ways in which the government perceives and acts against it. First, it analyzes the NGO’s history, modus operandi and goals, emphasizing the uniqueness that makes it a particularly fascinating case. Then, it researches the government’s specific interest in crippling and limiting its influence. Finally, it highlights the government’s toolbox and utilization thereof against it. By shining a light on this case, the research seeks to show the process of watering down of a fundamental right within Israeli democracy – which is instrumental to understanding the state’s risk of decline towards illiberal democracy. -
Trend Analysis the Israeli Unit 8200 an OSINT-Based Study CSS
CSS CYBER DEFENSE PROJECT Trend Analysis The Israeli Unit 8200 An OSINT-based study Zürich, December 2019 Risk and Resilience Team Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich Trend analysis: The Israeli Unit 8200 – An OSINT-based study Author: Sean Cordey © 2019 Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich Contact: Center for Security Studies Haldeneggsteig 4 ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Tel.: +41-44-632 40 25 [email protected] www.css.ethz.ch Analysis prepared by: Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich ETH-CSS project management: Tim Prior, Head of the Risk and Resilience Research Group, Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Deputy Head for Research and Teaching; Andreas Wenger, Director of the CSS Disclaimer: The opinions presented in this study exclusively reflect the authors’ views. Please cite as: Cordey, S. (2019). Trend Analysis: The Israeli Unit 8200 – An OSINT-based study. Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich. 1 Trend analysis: The Israeli Unit 8200 – An OSINT-based study . Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Historical Background 5 2.1 Pre-independence intelligence units 5 2.2 Post-independence unit: former capabilities, missions, mandate and techniques 5 2.3 The Yom Kippur War and its consequences 6 3 Operational Background 8 3.1 Unit mandate, activities and capabilities 8 3.2 Attributed and alleged operations 8 3.3 International efforts and cooperation 9 4 Organizational and Cultural Background 10 4.1 Organizational structure 10 Structure and sub-units 10 Infrastructure 11 4.2 Selection and training process 12 Attractiveness and motivation 12 Screening process 12 Selection process 13 Training process 13 Service, reserve and alumni 14 4.3 Internal culture 14 5 Discussion and Analysis 16 5.1 Strengths 16 5.2 Weaknesses 17 6 Conclusion and Recommendations 18 7 Glossary 20 8 Abbreviations 20 9 Bibliography 21 2 Trend analysis: The Israeli Unit 8200 – An OSINT-based study selection tests comprise a psychometric test, rigorous Executive Summary interviews, and an education/skills test. -
Appendix – List of Publications and Relevant Information
Appendix – List of Publications and Relevant Information 1. Physicians for Human Rights – Israel (PHR-IL) Contact person: Ran Yaron, [email protected] • Report of Independent Fact-Finding mission into medically-related violations in the Gaza Strip during 27.12.08-18.01.09: http://www.phr.org.il/phr/article.asp?articleid=708&catid=54&pcat=-1&lang=ENG • Evacuation Inside the Gaza Strip – Injured and Trapped Civilians - The case of El-AYdi Family: http://www.phr.org.il/phr/article.asp?articleid=680&catid=55&pcat=45&lang=ENG Ill Morals, Grave Violations of the Right to Health during the Israeli Assault on Gaza, Tel Aviv- Jaffa, March 2009. http://www.phr.org.il/phr/article.asp?articleid=702&catid=55&pcat=45&lang=ENG (pp. 35-36) • List of Relevant Contacts in Gaza: contacts for Ran.xls 2. The Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) Contact person: Limor Yehuda, [email protected] • General Background: Human Rights Violations in Israel and Gaza, January 15, 2009: http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/gaza140109.pdf • Internal Investigations Acri's letter from 20.1.2009 to the attorney general of Israel, Mr Menachem Mazuz, behalf of 9 HR organizations, calling for independent investigation in Israel. http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/Gaza200109.pdf Attorney Raz Nizri's respond from 24.2.2009 behalf of the attorney general of Israel in which the request for independent investigation was rejected. http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/Gaza240209.pdf Acri's second letter from 19.3.2009 to the attorney general of Israel, Mr Menachem Mazuz, behalf of 11 HR organizations, repeating the call for independent investigation in Israel. -
Light at the End of Their Tunnels? Hamas & the Arab
LIGHT AT THE END OF THEIR TUNNELS? HAMAS & THE ARAB UPRISINGS Middle East Report N°129 – 14 August 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. TWO SIDES OF THE ARAB UPRISINGS .................................................................... 1 A. A WEDDING IN CAIRO.................................................................................................................. 2 B. A FUNERAL IN DAMASCUS ........................................................................................................... 5 1. Balancing ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Mediation ..................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Confrontation ............................................................................................................................... 7 4. The crossfire................................................................................................................................. 8 5. Competing alliances ................................................................................................................... 10 C. WHAT IMPACT ON HAMAS? ...................................................................................................... -
0042-84261707057L.Pdf
L OBAVEŠTAJNO BEZBEDNOSNE INSTITUCIJE I NACIONALNA BEZBEDNOST IZRAELA delo1707057 j Boriša Lečić Akademija za nacionalnu bezbednost, Beograd DOI: 10.5937/vo redmet analize rada je istraživanje obaveštajno bezbednosnog si- Pstema Izraela u kontekstu istorijskog razvoja i geopolitičkog položa- ja ove države i složene političko bezbednosne situacije u regionu Bliskog istoka. Aktuelna bezbednosna situacija u regionu a posebno u neposred- nom okruženju, diktirala je odgovarajuću organizaciono funkcionalnu struk- turu obaveštajno bezbednosnog sistema Izraela koja se dijalektički modifi- kovala prema novonastalim političko bezbednosnim izazovima i rizicima. Istorija jevrejskog naroda pokazala je da formiranje nacionalne i neza- visne države Izrael do danas prate brojni, otvoreni problemi, ugrožavajući faktori, koji se manifestuju kroz različite oblike organizovanog nasilja, rato- ve, terorizam i dr. U okolnostima kontinuirane borbe za opstanak izraelske države i nacije, značajno a možda i ključno mesto zauzimaju obaveštajne aktivnosti, koje su ugaoni kamen u procesu obezbeđivanja obaveštajnih informacija kojim se definiše strategija nacionalne bezbednosti Izraela, na- cionalni interesi i spoljnopolitički prioriteti. Akcenat u radu je na strukturi i funkciji obaveštajno bezbednosnog si- stema Izraela u korelaciji sa unutrašnjom i spoljnom bezbednošću ove dr- žave. Ključne reči: Izrael, obaveštajno bezbednosni sistem, obaveštajne službe, nacionalna bezbednost Nastanak i razvoj države Izrael rvi počeci nastanka jevrejske države, (hebrejski Medinat Yisra’el), vezuju se za P kraj 19. veka kada je razmatrano pitanje na kojim teritorijama, koje su već bile na- seljene „sinovima izrailjevim“,1 sprovesti plan ostvarivanja vekovnog sna Jevreja za sop- stvenom, nacionalnom i nezavisnom državom. Razmatrane su dve opcije, i to kroz even- tualno stvaranje jevrejske države i naseljavanje Jevreja u Argentini ili formiranje jevrejske države u Palestini. -
Compulsory Military Service As a Social Integrator
https://securityandefence.pl/ Compulsory military service as a social integrator Ronen Itsik [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-9430 Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Wieniawskiego 1, 61-712 Poznan, Poland Abstract Compulsory military service has become very rare over the last 30 years, in the western world. In the past, most countries con- sidered military service as a socialisation platform, given the fact that most of the population was recruited and military units were a "meeting point" for different cultures – because of that the service then was functional as a social integrator. The current research studied changes in social attitude during compulsory military service in Israel, where the society is considered to be es- sentially divided around ethnical and national issues. This study is based on an analysis of the attitudes of 3200 internet ques- tionnaire participants via social networks in Israel, followed by a U-test of the collected data. Half of the participants were high-school students (average age 17) and half of them discharged soldiers (average age 23). Analysis of the results reveals sig- nificant evidence: discharged soldiers tend to be more tolerant then high-school students with regard to other cultures and eth- nic origins. A discharged IDF soldier is less afraid of security threats and considers budget prioritisation towards social welfare to be more important than security challenges. These findings show that compulsory military service can still be effective as a so- cial integrator, even in the post-modern world where countries are dealing with migration issues and ethno-national tensions. Keywords: social integration, defence belief, security threat, post-modern army Article info Received: 30 April 2020 Revised: 20 June 2020 Accepted: 26 June 2020 Available online: 4 September 2020 DOI: http://doi.org/10.35467/sdq/124710 © 2020 R. -
Redalyc.Covert Action and Its Necessity in 21St Century Counter
UNISCI Discussion Papers ISSN: 1696-2206 [email protected] Universidad Complutense de Madrid España Díaz, Gustavo; Morave, Karov Covert Action and its Necessity in 21st Century Counter-Terrorism UNISCI Discussion Papers, núm. 11, mayo, 2006, pp. 99-114 Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=76701111 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative UNISCI DISCUSSION PAPERS Nº 11 (Mayo / May 2006) COVERT ACTION AND ITS NECESSITY IN 21 ST CENTURY COUNTER-TERRORISM AUTHOR:1 GUSTAVO DÍAZ UNISCI KAROV MORAVE 1. The Shortcomings of Passive Intelligence It can be said without doubt that today counter-terrorism has risen to become the greatest of priorities in terms of national security. Evidence of this is former Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) Porter J. Goss’s recent testimony to the US Senate Armed Services Committee that the global war on terrorism has become today’s dominant intelligence priority, with fundamental changes being made to the United States Intelligence Community to provide counter-terrorism and war-fighter support. These include the redirection of people and collection systems, as well as rapidly expanding programs, budgets, and capabilities. 2 An important element of this counter-terrorism war will inevitably be covert action (CA). Counter-terrorism though is neither a chess game against a single enemy, nor an attempt at completing a jigsaw puzzle, unless one accepts that the picture is fragmentary and dispersed, with many pieces that fit nowhere. -
The Palestinian People
The Palestinian People The Palestinian People ❖ A HISTORY Baruch Kimmerling Joel S. Migdal HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 2003 Copyright © 1994, 2003 by Baruch Kimmerling and Joel S. Migdal All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America An earlier version of this book was published in 1994 as Palestinians: The Making of a People Cataloging-in-Publication data available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-674-01131-7 (cloth) ISBN 0-674-01129-5 (paper) To the Palestinians and Israelis working and hoping for a mutually acceptable, negotiated settlement to their century-long conflict CONTENTS Maps ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xxi Note on Transliteration xxiii Introduction xxv Part One FROM REVOLT TO REVOLT: THE ENCOUNTER WITH THE EUROPEAN WORLD AND ZIONISM 1. The Revolt of 1834 and the Making of Modern Palestine 3 2. The City: Between Nablus and Jaffa 38 3. Jerusalem: Notables and Nationalism 67 4. The Arab Revolt, 1936–1939 102 vii Contents Part Two DISPERSAL 5. The Meaning of Disaster 135 Part Three RECONSTITUTING THE PALESTINIAN NATION 6. Odd Man Out: Arabs in Israel 169 7. Dispersal, 1948–1967 214 8. The Feday: Rebirth and Resistance 240 9. Steering a Path under Occupation 274 Part Four ABORTIVE RECONCILIATION 10. The Oslo Process: What Went Right? 315 11. The Oslo Process: What Went Wrong? 355 Conclusion 398 Chronological List of Major Events 419 Notes 457 Index 547 viii MAPS 1. Palestine under Ottoman Rule 39 2. Two Partitions of Palestine (1921, 1949) 148 3. United Nations Recommendation for Two-States Solution in Palestine (1947) 149 4. -
ICT Newsletter 2015
Newsletter 2015 About ICT Prof. Uriel Reichman Mr. Shabtai Shavit Prof. Boaz Ganor President & Founder, Chairman of the Board of Founder & Executive The Interdisciplinary Center Directors, ICT & Former Director, ICT & Dean of the Director of the Mossad (IDC), Herzliya Lauder School of Government About ICT Founded in 1996, the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) is one of the leading academic institutes for counter-terrorism in the world, facilitating international cooperation in the global struggle against terrorism. ICT is an independent think tank providing expertise in terrorism, counter-terrorism, homeland security, threat vulnerability, risk assessment, intelligence analysis, national security and defense policy. ICT draws upon a comprehensive and international network of individuals and organizations with unique expertise on terrorism and counter-terrorism research, public policy analysis and education, dispersed all over the world, including the United States, European Union and Israel. An acclaimed management and research staff at ICT spearheads the Institute's efforts to coordinate the struggle against global terrorism and leads a worldwide team of affiliates and academic partners working to encourage cooperation among experts and disseminate innovative ideas for policymakers in the fight against terrorism. ICT is a non-profit organization located at the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel which relies exclusively on private donations and revenue from events, projects and programs. https://www.ict.org.il/ New Fellows at ICT The ICT created, as part of its team, a multidisciplinary network of more than 150 experts. ICT’s research fellows come from diverse academic disciplines and ICT’s Associates include senior directors in various security and intelligence agencies. -
Operation "Protective Edge"
Operation "Protective Edge" IDF Activity from the Perspective of International Law, Particularly with Regard to Mechanisms of Examination and Oversight of Civilian and Military Echelons Public Report IDF Activity from the Perspective of International Law | 3 Summary General Background 1. The modern battlefield presents many operational challenges, some of which are affected by the fact that civilians who do not take a direct part in hostilities 1 (hereinafter - uninvolved civilians) in the combat zones and therefore could be harmed due to IDF combat operations in these sectors. International law regulating the use of force consists two sets of laws: jus ad bellum ('law of war'), which determine when a state may use force, and jus in bello, ('law in war') also referred to as "the Law of Armed Conflict" or "international humanitarian law" which determine the international legal regime governing the use of force during an armed conflict, and regulate the duties, rights and defenses of states and individuals involved in or affected by an armed conflict. In addition to international humanitarian law, there are other branches of law that relate to the obligation to examine and investigate violations of international humanitarian law principles (see more below2). One of them is international criminal law, which states that the domestic judicial system has precedence over an extraterritorial judicial system in adjudicating international law violations. This is based on two principles: the "principle of complementarity"3, according to which the authority of an international jurisdiction will be exercised as a last resort when states are unwilling or unable to exercise their duty to investigate and prosecute; and the "principle of subsidiarity", according to which a jurisdiction with territorial or national affiliation has precedence over an international jurisdiction, which has subsidiary responsibility.