Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul – Ufrgs Instituto De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas – Ifch Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História

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Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul – Ufrgs Instituto De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas – Ifch Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL – UFRGS INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS – IFCH PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA CAROLINA FERREIRA DE FIGUEIREDO TRAÇOS DE UMA HAIFA VERMELHA: Um estudo sobre a cultura visual da sociedade palestina/israelense através de charges e ilustrações do artista palestino Abed Abdi (1972-1982) Porto Alegre, RS Outono, 2016 CAROLINA FERREIRA DE FIGUEIREDO TRAÇOS DE UMA HAIFA VERMELHA: Um estudo sobre a cultura visual da sociedade palestina/israelense através de charges e ilustrações do artista palestino Abed Abdi (1972-1982) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), como requisito para a obtenção do grau de Mestra em História. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Francisco Marshall PORTO ALEGRE, RS 2016 CAROLINA FERREIRA DE FIGUEIREDO TRAÇOS DE UMA HAIFA VERMELHA: Um estudo sobre a cultura visual da sociedade palestina/israelense através de charges e ilustrações do artista palestino Abed Abdi (1972-1982). Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), como requisito para a obtenção do grau de Mestra em História. Banca Examinadora Orientador: ___________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Francisco Marshall Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS Membros: ___________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Alessander Kerber Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS ___________________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Augusto Costa Avancini Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS ___________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Eduardo Veras Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS Porto Alegre, 27 de abril de 2016 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a todas e todos que fizeram parte desta jornada, repleta de experiências novas, conhecimento, respeito e amizades: À Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e ao CNPq, que me possibilitaram estudo e aprendizado. Ao meu orientador, Francisco Marshall, pelo acompanhamento de minha trajetória de pesquisa, nem sempre fácil, mas instigante. Suas aulas e orientações foram importantes para o meu desenvolvimento. Ao membros da banca, professores Alessander Kerber, José Augusto Costa Avancini e Eduardo Veras, pela leitura cuidadosa, crítica e sugestões. Aos meus professores de árabe e tradutores/as de minhas fontes, Manhal Kasouha, Dunia Bakri e Maher Zabalawi, por me ajudarem a mergulhar na difícil língua árabe, e pela gentileza e paciência para realizar as traduções. Sem eles/as, este trabalho não poderia ter acontecido. Ao artista Gershon Knispel, amigo de Abed Abdi, a quem tive o prazer de encontrar, conversar e descobrir mais sobre o seu mundo e experiências. À Tal Ben Zvi, por contribuir com bibliografia acerca do sujeito estudado. À Jamie Nathan e Ahmad Mahmoud da Biblioteca Nacional de Israel, por terem contribuído para a ampliação do material de pesquisa. À minha família, primeiramente meus queridos pais, Sérgio e Valéria, pelo apoio e amor durante todo esse tempo, incentivando-me e investindo na minha formação humana. Ao meu irmão, Leandro, e sua (nossa) família Asako e Yurika, por alegrarem meu cotidiano. Meus avós, Jurema e Clóvis, pelo amor incodicional. Ao meu companheiro mais precioso, Lucas, por estar comigo em todos os momentos, acompanhando intensamente esta pesquisa, dando sugestões e suporte; mas principalmente, por mostrar novos sentidos à vida, novas emoções. Espero partilhar com você muitos outros momentos importantes, com o mesmo diálogo e amor deste momento. Às minhas amigas da vida, do passado, do presente e do futuro. Nossa sólida amizade é fruto do nosso crescimento, acima de tudo, juntas. Agradeço imensamento pelo apoio e pela presença constante. À Cris, minha amiga historiadora, por dividirmos a paixão pela profissão e, principalmente, por estarmos diariamente presentes na vida uma da outra. Ao Fábio, pela parceria sempre, ajuda e divertimento nesta trajetória. Aos colegas de gradução, pelos encontros e conversas, ainda que com menos frequência, aconteceram com o mesmo estusiasmo. Às amigas e amigos que fiz durante o mestrado, que foram importantes para o cotidiano. Em especial para Luciana, Franciele, Nicoll e Marina, pela amizade construída. E, finalmente, ao campo inebriante de Clio, que, acima de tudo, transformou a minha vida, trazendo horizontes de crítica, luta e libertação. Se certas vidas não são qualificadas como vidas ou se, desde o começo, não são concebíveis como vidas de acordo com certos enquadramentos epistemológicos, então essas vidas nunca serão vividas nem perdidas no sentido pleno dessas palavras. Se o reconhecimento caracteriza um ato, uma prática ou mesmo uma cena entre sujeitos, então a “condição de ser reconhecido” caracteriza as condições mais gerais que preparam ou modelam um sujeito para o reconhecimento – os termos, as convenções e as normas gerais “atuam” do seu próprio modo, moldando um ser vivo em um sujeito reconhecível, embora não sem falibilidade ou, na verdade, resultados não previstos. Judith Butler Quadros de Guerra RESUMO FIGUEIREDO, Carolina F. de. TRAÇOS DE UMA HAIFA VERMELHA: Um estudo sobre a cultura visual da sociedade palestina/israelense através de charges e ilustrações do artista palestino Abed Abdi (1972-1982). 2016. 193 f. Dissertação de Mestrado – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil, 2016. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a cultura visual presente em Israel e na Palestina durante as décadas de 1970 e 1980, através da singular interação entre o universo das imagens e a luta política da Palestina. O estudo parte da preocupação em compreender territórios e alcances da visualidade palestina, especialmente em decorrência da ruptura ocasionada a partir de 1948 – ano de criação do Estado de Israel, conhecido Nakba - e seus diversos desdobramentos. Visando aprofundar a compreensão das reverberações visuais na experiência política de artistas (e) palestinos/as, serão exploradas imagens de apelo cotidiano e de grande alcance, em especial charges e ilustrações, produzidas pelo artista palestino Abed Abdi entre os anos de 1972 e 1982: as primeiras, publicadas no jornal Al-Ittihad (1972-1981), e as segundas produzidas para a revista literária Al-Jadid (1980-1982). O recorte temporal escolhido ambienta um momento de uma rica produção do artista, devido suas posições ideológicas de esquerda, a filiação ao Partido Comunista de Israel e os estudos formais realizados em Dresden, elementos fundamentais da biografia de Abdi. Sua produção crítica e marcadamente política proporcionam retratos de um cenário complexo das relações entre Israel, Palestina, outros países do Oriente Médio e do restante do mundo no período. Assim, no entremeio da história e arte, visualidade e política, são abordadas temáticas como a construção identitária e historiográfica do Nakba, as produções artísticas do Nakba, a construção da Nação, a inserção do Comunismo, a natureza dos periódicos, a presença de uma intelectualidade palestina, entre outros. O problema, enfim, consiste na hipótese de uma centralidade do visual no processo de afirmação, discussão, enfrentamento e expressão das causas palestinas no século XX. Nesse cenário, as imagens produzidas por Abed Abdi durante as décadas de 1970 e 1980 encontram relevância ao fornecer um repertório visual que discute a Palestina em termos políticos, não apenas em suas relações com Israel e com um Mundo Árabe, mas a partir de seus próprios termos. Palavras-chave: Arte Palestina; Abed Abdi; Charges e Ilustrações; Nação; Comunismo. ABSTRACT FIGUEIREDO, Carolina F. de. TRACES OF A RED HAIFA: A study of the visual culture from palestinian/israelian society through cartoons and illustrations made by the palestinian artist Abed Abdi (1972-1982). 2016. 193 f. Masters Dissertation – Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil, 2016. This work aims to analyze the visual culture presented in Israel and Palestine during the 1970s and 1980s, through the unique interaction between the images spectrum and the political struggle in Palestine. The study is concerned to understand territories and the scope of Palestinian visuality, especially due to the disruption caused since 1948 - the birthdate of the State of Israel, known as Nakba - and its various developments. To deepen the understanding of visual reverberations in the political experience of artists (and) Palestinians, it will be explored images of everyday appeal and far-reaching, specifically cartoons and illustrations produced by the Palestinian artist Abed Abdi between the years 1972 and 1982: the first ones published in the Al-Ittihad newspaper (1972-1981), and the second ones produced for the literary magazine Al-Jadid (1980-1982). The time frame chosen is set in a moment of a rich production of the artist, also due to his leftist ideological position, filiation to the Communist Party of Israel and the formal studies taken in Dresden, underlying elements to Abdi´s biography. His critical production, markedly political, provides pictures of a complex scenario of relations between Israel, Palestine, other Middle Eastern countries and the rest of the world in the period. Therefore, in between history and art, visuality and politics, it is addressed themes such as identity and historiographical construction of the Nakba, the artistic productions of the Nakba, the construction of the Nation, the insertion of Communism, the nature of the journals, the presence of Palestinian
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