T HE S A & O N DYN A S T Y.

P ED I GREE

O F T HE

K EN T I S H

B Y T HE

EN K I N M. A . RE . R. J S V . C , ,

C T O R or LY IN G RE M E .

FO L K ES T O N E

EN H I H . L H E Y H T J G T L B G EET . I S , I RAR , S R

MDC C C L& VI I . T HE N EW YO RK

' PU B LIC LIB P A RY 409361A

‘ fm ‘ A s r L . & A N D

T I L-D u h &

19 9 L

P RI N T D A N D P U B LI S H D B Y 3. N GLI S H HI GH ST R T E E E , EE ,

FO LK N EST O E .

P R E F A C E .

N illus ra di r lik an t ted pe g ee, e

catalo u of hi s ri al r rai s g e to c po t t ,

public ind ulgence on account ofits general

utili . umr u i r o s s i ty The n e o s vis to s fthe cene , w th

whi ch the names ofthe Kentish Kings have been

n are fr m s ar il r th e co nected, o the o t p t bew de ed by

li st of strange and half-barbaric names whi ch are

s a r r u a s ofl cal hi s ri s li c tte ed th o gh the p ge o to e , ke

s - seed own by the way side . How to put together in ir minds or arra in an ssi l the , to nge y po b e

order the names whi ch are thus introduced to

mis a diffi ul r l m and it a ar the c t p ob e , hence ppe ed

ri r a a l ar and is summr to the w te , th t c e conc e a y of hi r f i s of ul the sto y o the K ng Kent, wo d be a us ful a m a im ma l al his ri s e cco p n ent to the ny oc to e , whose object is rather to describe the works or the locali ties whi ch have been associated with ir am s a s o r r of ir the n e , th n to h w the o de the work or the passages of history in whi ch their

mes su e r ro al famil na cc ed one anothe . The y y of Kent (unli ke the other famili es of th e same rank in the Heptarchy) h as entirely disappeared in l r i ater histo y . N ot the most d stant li nk connects it with the ill ustrious families who have absorbed in succession the representation ofSaxon royalty . Perhaps it was lost in some humbler race in the confusion whi ch followed the destruo

i n of i s i om and h as m t o the Kent h K ngd , beco e

r i s a c of s i issi ud s of fr u n anothe n t n e tho e v c t e o t e,

r r Faussett h as so a mira l which M . Godfey d b y

i n the as of the amil of described c e f y Fogge ,

i u so arl r la r alt wh ch, tho gh ne y e ted to oy y, ended obscurely in the last century in the wife of a

“ shepherd living in a wretched hovel at

We will introduce our subject with a few remarks on the scene in whi ch the action of

our history is lai d .

The links whi ch connect the hi story of Kent

r . C an t. . A ch t . ( v p with that of the other Saxon kingdoms are few and slender; for the almost entire isolation of the

ou fr m r s of la s u in as it as c nty o the e t Eng nd, h t w on the west by the great A nd red forest (whose very

am i i a its i a ssi l ara r n e nd c ted n cce b e ch cte ) , on the

rth ams and on s u and as no by the Th e , the o th e t

a h as n to u its arli r by the se , te ded excl de e e annals

“ from o n r l the page four ge e a history . The open ” c u r of n l i w r a f o nt y Ke t, y ng bet een the g e t orest,

ri r and sea ma in mr r s s the ve , the , y be, o e e pect than

m ar i u ofM mu one, co p ed w th the co nty on o th, whose

British name ofGwent& it bears in a slightly modi fi f ” ed rm. For th e sam O u r o e pen co nt y, flanked

s fr s s a d l on the we t by the o e t , b cke by ofty hills to

r s u in u the no th, h t on the so th by the sea marshes and sea di s i ui s by the , t ng h the western county als and is la it at e fr o , o ted onc om England and

al Th e urs of ax i W es . co e the S on mmigration in

la r fr ra r fr mth e s a Kent, y, the e o e, the o e board to

r h- of u t ha tos the no t west the co n y, t n Sussex

’ Gwen l n d d fair and o en ne lom— B urrell s Welsh t (p . Gwe toe ) a. p g ( p P REFAC E.

or ur r and it is no un rt of i a S ey, t wo hy not ce, th t many names ofvillages and smaller places in the s u and as of e are r u li a e in o th e t K nt, ed p c t d the

ort n r - f h o dn s n h a d no th west o t e county . A s G o e

o l in on res n a l sw r lli t ne, A d gt , P to , P dd e o th, Se ng,

in n r on i n s w i am Wil Add gto , Ho t , K g do n , W ckh , mi n ton and ma o h rs s m of m learl g , ny t e ; o e the c y i i a i a mi ra i ofth e ri s w os am s nd c t ng g t on t be , h e n e

i l n h r are r e r e n ar of un . he e nvo v d, to the o t p t the co ty

A similar instance occurs in the reduplicated names

f ei s rs ir and i l shire and r rts o L ce te h e , L nco n othe pa

l er f n la . is r a w a o E g nd It p ob b e, ho ev , th t the so-called Saxon invasion made less displacement of the popul ation and di sturbance ofproperty in Kent

i r i iliza i than in any other county . The h ghe c v t on ofRom w i h ad rea its inh a i a s rou e, h ch ched b t nt th gh

ntin al se lers a b ut a i em the co ent tt , c nnot h ve g ven th a more settled life and a more establi shed form of

r fof hi s h as e uce ev n government . A p oo t been d d d e from the fact that fewer military in scriptions or records relating to the garri soning ofthe country

have been found in Kent th an in any ofth e north ern

u i s— r r s i r xis invaria l co nt e eco d wh ch, whe e they e t, b y illustrate a disturbed and unsettled history . On the

r a r mains of illas and ri a r si othe h nd, the e v p v te e d ences are r umr us and s ofart ve y n e o , the object ,

i a isi from umuli i wh ch h ve been d nterred the t , wh ch

r a un in r ire i n s a r r ss in he e bo d eve y d ct o , hew p og e r fin m and i ilisa i rr s i ll i e e ent c v t on, co e pond ng we w th

ill sli r the securi ty ofa settled gove rnment . St ghte

r r sul s of orma i asi i we e the e t the N n nv on, wh ch leaving the Church in the full possession of the vast property sh e h ad acquir ed under the Saxon

i s a ars r u u a l f old k ng , ppe th o gho t to h ve e t the

Saxon tenantry in as undi sturbed possession oftheir

ldi n s in i r a l ir i h ho g , wh ch p ob b y the nterest ad been but slightly affected by the transfer oftheir feudal

r i r se v ces o tributes . The names of the Kentish

a s in msda are but a r r i ten nt Do e y S xon, o ather Jut sh frms c rru and dis uis o as r o o pted g ed, s to rep esent s m ims ri i al and ra sla i r o et e the o g n the t n t on togethe , as in that singular compound found in a cotemporary sur of a fra be tm l s f vey L n nc Rod r fi mWateoms .

B ut while the successive waves offoreign invasi on but little disturbed the institutions or the popul ation of and r m but few of s i s ofits Kent, e oved the ve t ge arli r s a l f its sh r s man ma erials e e t te, they e t on o e y t ofi er s ri s as it r of h r ra s and nt e t, the deb , we e, ot e ce

r l r la i i a s . A n d is othe nd these, the ve y o t on wh ch excluded our county fromthe larger page ofEngli sh

i s r h as a le it r a an o r h to y, en b d , bette th n y the , to

r s r li f z i i . r s o a iviliza o o p e e ve The e c By nt ne c t n, b th in public documents and in works ofart ; th e pecu liarities of th e a law of su ssi hi S xon cce on, w ch survived in Kent after they h ad di ed out in every other county ; many forms ofspeech and words of

a ri in i a r a i of s umus S xon o g , wh ch h ve he e k nd po th o lif h s nd man r r li s of arli r i ilisa e t e e, a y othe e c e e c v tion give a peculi ar interest to the hi story which

l ill r B u hi s e si they so remarkab y us t ate . t t ext n ve

fiel i can mr l in in s introd uc d, to wh ch we e e y po t the e t r li s h as so ll l r our o y ne , been we exp o ed by Kent

r aeol i l i h s la urs it h as m s A ch og ca Soc ety, w o e bo o t l l i a ill l a rt in lusio avish y repa d, th t we w on y dve conc n

i l i it is ill r n r to one spec a object, wh ch hoped w e de thi s mere outli ne ofour earli er history not unaccep

r u u h table to the general reade . Tho gh no co nty as

r fr m mli i and it mi suffered mo e o the de o t on, ( ght be

ll a fr m a m r s ra i mournfu y dded), o the tte pted e to t on fi i ins we a s ill so o ts anc ent architectural rema , h ve t many objects of a distinctive and almost unique c ara r r rs all ms h cte remaining within our bo de , o t clearly connected with the hi story of the ancient

i mand it its r al fami l a it is alm s k ngdo w h oy y, th t o t impossible for the numerous visitors ofthemto see

min ir r r r r or ha a cl ar the the p ope o de , to ve e con

a i of ir is r wi u a ui - c pt on the h to y, tho t g de book, not mr l th e la s b ut rs s s is or e e y to p ce , to the pe on who e h t y i i m i s s so ntimately bound up with the . On th

r u r f li tl w r i s few g o nd, the e or e , the t e o k wh ch the e preliminary observations are designed to commend

r a r ma lai hi in ul m . to the e de , y c s d gence The wave

hi ass r la fr mth e as w ch once p ed ove Eng nd o e tward, and r firs our s r s h a b oke t on ho e , s been succeeded in

“ our d ay by a new tide ofvisiting immigration from the west ; and the old invading forces have given place to th e invading force ofthose who have under

a f ofour mm u r and fhi s t ken the de ence co on co nt y, q t im r a u hi i s r u s of r po t nt co nty, w ch the ve y o tpo t ou

f si r s and ma sai in mi li ar de en ve wo k , y be d the t y

' i f am a r s a s . o a ur S h ornclifle t t on Ch th , C nte b y, , and

r to res a mi i a ur uadrila ral Dove , p ent n t e q te towards i f r s fi r ucti the continent. W th these ew wo d o nt od on, the writer ventures to offer to the reader so slender and im a r l imi for ims lf l perfect wo k, c a ng h e on y the fu i of a ofold ui idoneus nct on the good bbot , Q non sum nec raeesse c ss ubi r ss isi p nec oe e, pote o e e, n

im tu issimumeli aml um s ili mni us ult umet t g oc , c cet o b sub esse IN T R ODU CTI O N .

mus b e fr n ri s t not o gotte , w te

l ar di r of ar ular e ned e to the Saxon C h t y,

that we have no trustworthy record of any smgle event of Engli sh hi story previous to t D e r e f u A . a h arrival o Aug stine ( . Wh t ve

r s h a r a ms r and p ecede t t g e t epoch, by who oeve ,

r r la is i mre at what period soeve e ted, noth ng o than tradition and liable to all the accidents by whi ch

ra i i aff na i ms l s s i u t dit on s ected, y, wh ch the e ve con t t te

” B ut il i r . . . adm th e tradi tion . (Int od p v ) wh e we t

l f is rva i are u genera truth o th obse t on, we bo nd to give it some qualification in regar d to the century im m a l r di i a of . A u us i and e te y p eced ng the dvent St g t ne, to those naked facts of a local or genealogical character whi ch might easily be preserved in the e ir a s f i I f o r um s . h nt e b ence w tten doc ent , as as been

l arl s r i f c e y hewn, the gene at ons o th e chiefs in New

Z eala a r r iml nd h ve been eco ded, by the s p est possible ma s in a s ofan ri la a e n , the b ence y w tten ngu ge, and a for a ri offur uri s it is u r aso a l th t pe od o cent e , n e n b e not to concede to the pedi grees ofthe Saxon princes

a a ri i h ul r l all th t utho ty, wh ch those w o wo d eso ve

rimi i hi s r i mth s are so a r to p t ve to y nto y , now e ge

e h ul in r u m rn d ny them. W y sho d we t od ce the ode s i ismofN i uhr i our arl hi s r and cept c eb nto e y to y, assume that Hengi st and Horsa were mere imaginary

i s ersonifications of i s of arl s l rs be ng , p bod e e y ett e , designated only by the ensigns they bore on th eir

ssels s ri i ams of is i are in ve , when de c pt ve n e th k nd perfect agreement with northern and Scandinavi an usage up to this very hour Whether given in a i i s m r and mr rs al am as dd t on to o e othe o e pe on n e, would seem probable from th e number of such s ar ams i a ar in x econd y n e wh ch ppe Sa on genealogy, or i a s lu l and rimaril h ul a r , g ven b o te y p y, t ey wo d g ee i i ll i i i well w th the earl est usage ofa pr mt ve races .

N or i s the short lapse ofless th an a century between th e landing ofHengist (455) and the birth of

E th elbyrht (circa 5 30) sufficient to account for the

r u i ofa m lik hi s r s r l p od ct on yth e t , o to de t oy the c aim of i s b i s ori Heng t to e a h t cal character . The line

f ish i s s au h i di r ma o Kent K ng , who e t ent c pe g ee y be sai i i h hi mwas f d to beg n w t , o a purer Scandinavian sto k th an tha ofth e l r i ra ts mi c t ate immg n , co ng immedi a l fr m u l the fth e i te y o J t and, centre o Goth c s l m s in T h e a s in ett e ent the north ofEurope . S xon

Kent and Sussex are always di stin guished fromthe

l h s ra e w l ss u mi i A ng es, w o e c as e n xed, by be ng

si na Ju s and th e claimofthe s of de g ted te , de cent t ir i s fr m hr u h ehta ofth e he k ng o Woden t o g W , one

th nd s his so s names as signed by e Swedes a Dane to n , f points to the same act . B ut while we assert for th e

fr is rou a O iso and pedi gree, om Heng t th gh c , ,

enric a s ri tl i s ri al arac r it i not s Erm , t c y h to c ch te , s ea y to admi t a similar claimin behalfoftha t fromWoden

i e s to Heng st, unless w accept the name as those of

as ies or rac s. l thr e rati ns ac in dyn t e O n y e gene o , cord g to the r r e di r h K ish Kin s s r eco d d pe g eeoft e ent g , epa ate

n fr mH i ri hi r in t Wode o eng st, a pe od w ch, acco d g o o h ac u s r r t er co nt , must be eckoned rathe by centuries

h r i ut e n r e i lai t an gene at ons. B ve he e w mght c m th e a li ati n f la hi h is a mi in pp c o o that w, w c d tted r r ri l i s and n all in ega d to o ental genea og e , eve eged

r r i l — iz regard to the genealogy ofou Lo d H mse f v .

i i n f u r n nd i ermdi e n es th e omss o o s bo di ate a nt e at am , so as in a manner to condense a pedigree out ofth e names ofthe most eminent ofthose who formed its IN T RO DU C T IO N .

r mi lin s and r m r t p o nent k , we e ost necessa y o be

r mm r in is is ser e e be ed connection with it. Th ob ved

K uin el in hi of by o , s reconciliation ofthe pedi grees

’ our r il e Fritzsch e s rv Lo d, wh e de W tte& and fob e e fur r h ri als h ad als a mth d of the , t at the O ent o e o di viding genealogies into equal portions to assi st th e mmr a fa ur i i s i u us v e o y, e t e wh ch s con p c o e en in the genealogical tables ofth e O ld Testament . It must be remembered that the entire Gothic race was

A s ia i in its ri i and a su a usa was li l t c o g n, th t ch ge ke y

u r mi to be contin ed even afte its gration . The

i i is a li l si ular a s s co nc dence not tt e ng , th t the de cent fromWoden to Hengist are the same in number as

s fr m is E th elb rht tho e o Heng t to y , with whom the historically authentic pedi gree may be said

K ri i d r M . ch I n Matth . . 9 t k e os Ges . f p

E THELB YRHT A N D

— 00 540 616.

h f r of E thelb rht name of t e athe y ,

E rm ul s m i di a th e o enric, wo d ee to n c te

beginning of that connecti on with th e line ofFrench kings which led to the conversion of lan F Eng d in the days of his son. or thi s nam hi h ars sli h r semla e, w c be not the g test e b nce to th e earlier names in the pedi grees ofthe Saxon

Ki n s ars l s ffi i in ts frma i to g , be a c o e a n ty i o t on

l d eric Gunderic and rs hil its first l m C o , , othe ; w e e e ent is r r s e in Hermimfred Hermimchild and ep e ent d , ,

in ian- i f T h i other Scand av Teuton c orms . e connect on whi ch was maintained at this period between the neighbouring kingdomofFrance and that ofKent i was ofa very intimate nature. Th s may be gathered fromthe compari son ofthe earlier works ofart of

a i s i h r di s ri s ha so r a l both n t on , wh c ecent cove e ve g e t y

ili h b r t r l s formi fa a . E t l h wa c t ted e y , p obab y, not ng ‘ S T . E T HELB YRHT A N D B ERC I HA .

an entirely new relationshi p when he went over to

urs ffr marri a au r f haribert To to o e g e to the d ghte o C ,

King ofParis ; nor was Christi ani ty so new a religion to the Saxon inh abitants ofKent as the popular

r account ofthe conversion ofEngland assumes. The e i s good reason to suppose that it h ad survi ved among

s s f l d s l rs the de cendant o the Roman so di ery an ett e , and among th e numerous immi grants fromth e coats of ra and had fr s m im a F nce, o o e t e enjoyed th t toleration in Kent whi ch E thelbyrht so readily con T hi ceded to its first direct missionaries . h e c ef contri butor to thi s great work of conversion was

childa a is ri ss was marri to B rune , a Sp n h p nce , who ed

i eb ert r r ofC h arib ert and t us ame S g , the b othe , h bec ll the uncle ofB ertha. To your Exce ency after ” “ r r r to hi s u the God, w ote Pope G ego y t q een,

’ i th e li i u convers on of Eng sh s to be attri b ted . l hi o e . B r a or e ur l ( n . p e th Eth b ga (w ch atter is undoubtedly h er truer name) h ad been brought up in

r s s clusi h er a mi ra l m r the g eate t e on by d b e othe ,

I n b er a who h d au alu go g , one a been t ght the v e of

uT h e name ofthi s g ood q ueen will remi nd th e reader ofthat which

n i navi an le n s av red ered so famili ar n e or nd oint Sca d ge d h e , I g b g , a p s

l i lf o i i ( as does the name E the burg a tse ) to a n rthern or g n. S T . E T HELB YB HT A N D B EB OT HA .

r i s r e h er h e fa th in the school ofafllction. De e t d by

us a h arib ert ho in fia fhis marri a h b nd, C , w , de nce o ge

s h ad frm an allia su ssi l it vow , o ed nce, cce ve y, w h two o h er a s Marcovefa and Mer fie a sh e h ad f attend nt , o d ,

e r lf r of i d in co se i devot d he se to wo ks p ety, an n nt ng

’ to h er au r s marria th e is K i h ad d ghte ge to Kent h ng, stipulated for the free enjoyment ofh er religious

li r a privileges . The scene ofh er pub c wo ship w s the

M ti in i f . ar venerable little Church o St n, wh ch

(though now in a setting ofth e thirteenth century) the brifik s and stones ofthe original building are still

E th el r t i s . sam urc b h to be recogn ed In the e ch h, y

i m an i us u r s in it received bapt s , d the p o q een e ted froma life ofwhi ch nothing but its greatest result is

‘ ” known cumC hrista reditura Dec.

h ad li a ar in fu a i if She ved to t ke p t the o nd t on, not

actually in the dedication ofthe Cathedral ofChrist

M a r ur an of . is Ch ch d the on ste y St Augustine . It

r a l aft r surr l p ob b e, that e the ender ofthe pa ac e at

a r ur i and u n li i fl C nte b y, the k ng q ee ved ch e y at

R ul r nd asi all as i ec ve , a occ on y ( th s was even at this

early period a park of the Kenti sh Kings) at

mi w i of all h ir r si Ly nge, h ch t e e dences was the

ar ra it hi u r r f ne est to F nce, w h w ch co nt y h e amily e Her appears to have kept up a regular intercours .

r r of K ent . Her son E adb ald and he daug hte

r Ethelburga adhered firmly to their anci ent idolat y.

thelb h h u s ill fai ful t his a e E yr t, t o gh t th o dopt d r li i frm a s alli a hi h mus h a e e g on, o ed econd nce, w c t v te r a l r la i ts nded g e t y to e x hi s devot on to its interes , and to h ave still more seriously compromised themin the days ofhi s successor. O fth e name ofthis second wife (fromcauses whi ch will appear presently) we know nothi ng ; we only know th at sh e arrvived him n h a his at urr 4th , a d t t de h occ ed on the 2

’

ruar 616. ma ifi f Feb y, The gn cent Abbey o St .

u us i a hima uri al la its si i in A g t ne g ve b p ce ; te be ng,

r f r or isl ds o a of . ar i the wo Bede, the po ch e St M t n,

” f . ithi C hur o r and . aul w n the ch St Pete St P , a description whi ch renders its identification extremely difficult —i asmu as li l ur h i , n ch the tt e Ch c ofSt . Mart n lies sufficiently withi n the precinct ofth e ancient

as r of . u us i sa isf its r s Mon te y St A g t ne to t y te m,

il it ul s mmre r a l h r r u s wh e wo d ee o p ob b e, on ot e g o nd ,

a s ial r i of as r urc hi th t a pec po t on the Mon te y C h h, w ch i i a . ar as was ded c ted to St M t n, w the site ofth e

l r orticm hi h r al . bu i p ace The wo d p , w c , during the ‘ 8T . E T HELB YB HT A N D B ERGI HA .

mi dl a s i s lms al a s us for an ai sl at d e ge , a o t w y ed e,

hi ri h a ri er a i and ma ra r t s pe od d a st ct me n ng, e nt the

an ar a r r si th e c ur a c de o covered po ch out de h ch, th n

n i us . r r s a s a y place stri ctly withi n t. Th St G ego y pe k

“ ofthe burial ofsome one in the Church ofSt .

” f ur Ja uarius ar th r or a o . a n , ne e po ch ( g te) S L ence

u a k s of r am . L aurentii and s a (j xt po t S ), yet pe the

“ ” “ uri l rti us b a as being in ecclesia. 1 Wh en the po c

” f M a mi offur r o St. artin was too crowded to d t the

uri als s ri m s ofth e ish b , Bede de c bes the to b Kent

“ ” K i s to a o ru in urc & ng h ve been c nst cted the ch h, 1

“ ” whi ch plainly shews that the p ortions was not an aisle as in h a it ul si r as , t t case co d not be con de ed

u si f ill hurch . . si r o a o t de the c St I do e, Sev e ,

em rar au rit fi s r i us u ra cont po y tho y, de ne po t c , q od t n si us sit ma is uam ad stand um si a i a in t g q t s dd g,

“ ” uasi r a et ortions 90 u sit a r a . i q po t , p q od pe t (Orig n i 1 . s t ul . xv c . In thi s sen e co d not possibly have

an ai sl hi h ul a r i been e, w c wo d h ve answe ed ne ther of

s these condition .

3

c . iii . ' ' S T . E T HELB YB HT A N D B ERU I I I A .

O f the churches and monasteries founded or

r s or . E th elb rht ris r n e t ed by St y , C h t Chu ch a d

’ — St . Augustin e s are all we know by name and in these there remains not a fragment ofthe work of

rl n a a a e. o e to u s th t e y g He c ced d St . A gu ti n e th e

“ ” ri of ui ldi and r s rin ur s fr m ght b ng e to g ch che , o whi ch it would appear that the origin of the churches ofthe principal stations and villages in

Kent was as early as that ofthe two foundations which were at once the most conspicuous and lasting hi of s works . There can be little doubt that the masonry and general features ofthese buildings of

E th elb rht r of a Roma i is y , we e th t n type to wh ch h res r d ur s mus a l nd to e ch che t h ve be onged, a that no vestige of the so-called Saxon style of building

s could have exi sted in these works . The neare t r r s ati s of m r i h u u s i se ep e ent ve the we e , w t o t q e t on, tho

c s in urai and on of i h early chur he To ne Anj , wh c

h i e su i r s i s es and de C aumont as g v n ch nte e t ng ketch ,

s nr l ss r ular a a in whi ch Roman ma o y, e eg th n th t

r lassi al ri is i rru i si l ofa mo e c c pe od, nte pted w th ng e or double bonding courses ofbri ckwork ; a similar alternation ofmateri al occurri ng in the quoins and

o li u ia i t a suc ess r of the Ap sto c den nc t on, h t the c o

. u u in ur ius was s rai ro St A g st e, La ent , con t ned to p

laimits ill U hi s mm ristia i c egality . p to t o ent, ch n ty

E adb ald and its is s h ad been tolerated by , b hop

r t a i si i h ad p otected, bu the ct ve oppo t on they now

ani e m a di r s ili u g s d exposed the to ect ho t ty, tho gh

u it hardly appears that thi s extended to persec tion .

r n s er ax s A eturn to idolatry amo g the Ea t n S on , occasioned by the death of the Christian King

S aeb erht ura r a i in is , enco ged the e ct on the Kent h

in f di i n m. T h e is o a s r a i r fu k gdo b hop th t t ct, t k g e ge in o sul i his r hr r on Kent, c n ted w th b et en the e, the course that was to be pursued by the heads ofthe lli d chur ch at such a juncture . Me tus an Jus tus

rmi r ss r wi him i r dete ned to c o ove th nto F ance,

hil aur ius r mai hi a r n l w e L ent e ned be nd, ppa e t y nu

i in hi s u and ai i f m l dec ded cond ct, w t ng or so e c earer m i ui a . I n sa . i r g d nce the e n ght, St Peter s desc ibed

a a ar hi m and to h ve ppe ed to , not only to have

i erl u rai but s r l i e b tt y pb ded, eve e y chast s d him for

not ri in in to a s s of hi b ng g the K g en e s guilt.

T he bishop on the morrow presented hi mselfto

E adb ald and s him mar , hewed the ks ofthi s severe

isci li ne rror and sur ri d p . The ho p se which ZEadb ald

is described as expressing in regard to the supposed

u ra sh ows h o r a as r s h ad o t ge, w g e t w the e pect he exhi bited hi therto to the teachers ofthe religion

ri h l whose doct nes he ad neverthe ess rejected .

The relation of Laurentius made so deep an

i a l re impression upon the K ng, th t he not on y

udi ated his i la r but ut a a his if wh o h ad p do t y, p w y w e ( probably confirmed himin it) and became as zealous a

i fhi s fa r and mt r as devotee ofthe fa th o the o he , he f h ad before been its adversary . The result o thi s

rsi was a alli a i a famil conve on new nce w th th t y, fromwhich christiani ty h ad first been derived to ll i l f hi s . am o hi s fa r own Fo ow ng the ex p e the , he alli ims lf a ri s ia ri ss mma ed h e to Ch t n P nce , E , th e

r of T h eod eb ert th e r daughte , g andson (by hi s s marri a it A re und a ofC lotair econd ge w h g ) e, the

f i hi s arri father o K ng C h arib ert. By t m age he h ad

a son Earconb erht and a au r E ans ith . , d ghte St . w a

The fact however h as been overlooked that he h ad

u r hi s frmr marri a s am da ghte by o e ge, who e n e and origin would have been altogether withdrawn from

i s or h ad h er au . E l ur a in h t y, not nt, St the b g , the fu a i of u r of mi o nd t on the n nne y Ly nge , saved it fromthat absolute extinction to whi ch the name of mt her r was stin . For th e M l o he de ed St . i dred, whose honour and for whose sake E thelburga

s ri to ha fu e h er c c ul de c bed ve o nd d onvent, o d

h er i b ut as th e au er no way have been n ece, d ght E l of the former wife ofZ adb a d . By hi s second

d l l r and lawful marriage he h a on y a sing e daughte . f T h e i i of am o hi s . ildr e i dent ty the n e t St M d, w th

f h er alf ousin fu r that o h c , who o nded the g eat

un r of i s er in T a led a c r rs n ne y M n t h net, to ont ove y of the most remarkable and protracted character

tw ri al fu a i s a r rs hi be een the v o nd t on ; cont ove y, w ch th e obscurity hanging over the origin ofthe earlier

il r r l a r tua . M d ed, tended g e t y to pe pe te A paper in

ra sac i s of A r ae l i al ci the t n t on the Kent ch o og c So ety,

firs r a i hi s ir ums a and i t d ew ttent on to t c c t nce& , hav ng

r a r hi s ma fall a u referred the e de to t , we y b ck pon the hi story of E adb ald after his conversion to chr is

i His firs r as influ min of tian ty. t wo k w to ence the d

E l r i his l is r . ur a s s on y s te , St the b g , who e conve on

f in imm l fll his o n . ni a edi ate y o owed w Pope Bo ce, his r ula r l r hi s ri ss ri s cong at to y ette to t P nce , w te ,

“ W e have learned fromthose who came to announce

l n i an m iii . . 2 . Archaeo . C a t a to . p 7 E T HELB A LD O R E A DD E AL .

r i in JEadb ald to us the conve sion ofthe llustri ous K g ,

a ur hi ss als a in r i sa ra th t yo ghne , o h v g ece ved the c m fthe ris fi shi n fr i i us ent o ch tian a th, es o th w th p o

nd - ” a God pleasing works .

The converted kin g then proceeded to restore those churches which h ad been taken fromth e Christi an

r s in a s of r urni i la r and conve t the d y et ng do t y, to found others in those places in whi ch they were

ms . r all lli us and Justus o t needed He ec ed Me t , the exiled bishops but while Rochester received the la r i r a i ss th e l of o wh o tte w th e d ne , peop e L ndon, h ad returned with greater zest to their previ ous

i latr r fuse r i lli tus . au rit do y, e d to ece ve Me The tho y ofthe Kentish kings h ad so far declined since the

a s ofE th elb rht t a it as im ssi l hi s d y y , h t w po b e to successor to exert the authority whi ch hi s father h ad

r is in ri i f alf of s ani t . s l exe c ed beh ch t y It wa e t,

r fr th e ra rs and mir a l s of lli the e o e, to p ye c e Me tus to re- sta lis reli i in il E d e b h the new g on London, wh e a bald contented himselfwith restoring the Roman church at Dover to its christian uses—(a church whi ch owes its origin to th e reac tion after the Diocle — sian persecution) and with buildi ng the church of i i . ar m as r of . u St M y, w th n the on te y St A gustin e E T HELB A LD O B E A DB A LD .

works which were probably completed about the

ar 640 rl ye , when he was removed from the wo d .

’ fu a i ofE db ald t u usti s is a a . The o nd t on , St A g ne ,

described by the ancient hi s tori an of that monas

“ ” ter y to be in C ryptis . Wh ether any portion of

a ur is s ill uri u r si f th t ch ch t b ed nde the te o St.

’ u usti s mnas r or r nci n fra A g ne o te y, whethe the a e t g

’ mri il h l s l ars am of . E t e e t, which t be the n e St byrht s

r i i a s its si i mus l ft towe , nd c te po t on, t be e to the

di s ussi u i c on ofantiq ar ans . The church wi thi n the

as l at r hi i s in its l r rti ns and C t e Dove , ex b t , owe po o

in ari us a fra m s s ri and v o S xon g ent (de c bed, as

ll l i Mr . u l in hi s r exce ent y dep cted by P ck e, ecent

is r of hi s in r sti and u i u r li in h to y t te e ng n q e e c),

’ l ra db l r dubitab e t ces ofZEa a d s wo k . The exact

ofits r s ra i at r a as er ai date e to t on Dove c nnot be c t ned,

ut t as r a l tw 630 and 640 urin b i w p ob b y be een , d g i a fh th e closing ye r o s reign .

i ra l r mai s of th e uildi Cons de b e e n b ng of St .

Ethelburga are still vi sible in the south wall of

ur of min and in R ma f th e ch ch Ly ge, the o n ound a tions connected wi th it whi ch have been recently

ac si i of di sinterred . The ex t po t on the burial place

f u is r di s i l i i a o the q een he e t nct y nd c ted, exactly

IET H EL B U RGA .

5 80 647 .

is kn n i r of a e or th e THING ow , e the the d t

place ofthe birth ofthe only daughter of H . Eth elb r m h r I n ob er a Z ht. er ra t t y g nd o e , g g ,

r rm us i died (as St . G egory ofTours info s ) n the year f i 589 at e s . s ul rr u , the ag o eventy Th wo d ca y p

h er ir ar 5 19 and i di ca r a b th to the ye , n te the p ob

ble birth -year ofh er daughter to be between the

& 4 n li f r 5 0 d 50 f f o . yea s a 5 . The author o the e St

“ u us i in i s fth e lis ai ts A g t ne, the L ve o Eng h S n ,

fixes the date ofthe marriage ofZEthelbyrht with

B erctha at 5 70 but s i an u ri , doe not g ve y a tho ty i for this conclus on . The circumstance that the

nl au h r of . E l ur a i ZEad in o y d g te St the b g , by K ng w , was r in 627 a in i i re bo n , t ken connect on w th the p

“ vious at s l a s us su s r 5 80 s d e , e d to gge t the yea a the h f most probable one for er birth . The place o h er birth i s as conjectural as the period ofit. O fthe

T G . S T . E HELBU R A

three known residence s ofthe Kentish Kings at

i s im a r ur R ul r and min th t e, C nte b y, ec ve Ly ge , the selection ofthe last as the scene ofh er final resi

c and ofh er ual fu a i is i di a i den e convent o nd t on, n c t ve of arl ass iati nd r si if ofa ual e y oc on a e dence, not ct

ir I ts r a r r s b th . g e te nea ne s to the French coast would have better enabled h er thence than fromany

r i u a orr s i othe po nt, to keep p th t c e pondence w th h er fr i r la i hi sh e r sum h er o e gn e t ves, w ch e ed on

r r n li l u retu n to Kent . The e ca be tt e do bt that not nl E dbald but his sis r r o y a te , then g own i ma h was r s at m i of nto wo n ood, p e ent the eet ng l i E th e byrht with St . A ug ustine and the Chr stian

Mis i i s i hin the rui r i s ofRi h s onar e , w t ned p ec nct c

u e a i ur s of t i s ni boro gh . In th mny p ct e h ope ng

’ l hris iani hi h a scene ofEng and s c t ty, w ch ve been

r frm of art ms given us in eve y o , the two o t interesting figures of the whole group h ave too

l missi or if fin d a la frequent y been ng, they p ce

a ass are r r s as mr l fair in the c nv , ep e ented e e y

lis ni th e mi ssi nari s i h hai red childr en, te ng to o e w t all th e wonder which they might be supposed to excite in th e youngest among such an audience .

t r u s a s of h se B u these p o d de cend nt Woden, w o T E T HE U G . S . LB R A

r i r s i i ir r e ve y ped g ee wa nterwoven w th the c e d,

and whose beliefwas not only with their ancestors

b ut i n m as ir earli er ist r s ifies the , the h o y te t ,

could not b ut have heard the new doctrines with

a rsi or at leas it ntem u us i diffr ve on, t w h co pt o n e ence ;

and an arti st faithful to hi story might find a

s u r of i h es ffor s ofhis art in bject wo thy the h g t e t ,

ras e u enances ofB erctha alrea a the cont t d co nt , dy

h ris ia atc in influ nc fir s c t n, w h g the e e of the t

preaching of christi anity on h er husband and — children ofE th elbyrht almost persuaded to be a

hris i a at the firs eari of r s c t n, even t h ng the wo d

“ ” so fair and new which h ad been brought hi m fr m a far u r and hr u so ma an rs o co nt y, t o gh ny d ge — of the h eir ofhi s thr one hearing with stern indifference the doctrines which und eified hi s race

-and ofE l ur a r fl in in e l r ui s the b g e ect g g nt e g e,

th e incredulity which found such marked expression

in u nanc of h er r r d a of the co nte e b othe . The y

the conversion ofthe king and his people witnessed

the same unyielding resolution on the part ofthe

r mm ers ofhi s f — un amil il ZEthelb rht yo ge e b y wh e y ,

who h ad learned from the good missionaries the

mr ell wa of hari as ll o e exc ent y c ty, we as that

T . H G S E T ELBU R A .

B is of as A li fr mhis see led i i o hop E t ng a o , the k ng nt

’ an ili ur iu open host ty . I t was then that La ent s

r i en ial la d isi h a alr ad p ov d t de y, an the v on we ve e y

ail d led his rsi hi was fll det e , to conve on, w ch o owed

alms imm i l i i r th e o t ed ate y by that ofh s s ste . To

eachi ofJus us is ofR s r i s r a t ng t , B hop oche te , th g e t c an is mainl a ri u ifa h ge y tt b ted by Pope Bon ce, who, in a l t r to E l ur a s ri s hi s a sh e et e the b g , de c be joy th t

“ also had received baptism and shone forth with

” - asi of pious and God pleasing works . The occ on this epistle was the approaching marri age ofE thel

ur a i h E adwin i ofN r um rla b g w t , K ng o th be nd, 6 6 which took place in 2 . The same stipulation for th e free exercise ofh er religion was made in h er cas e

s in a ofB ercth a and a s L th d ff a th t , econd ui ar o ered

ims lfas h er a lai and m ani in h e ch p n co p on, the person

f t aulinus . m o S . ani hi m sh e P Acco p ed by , jour

’ ne ed land i o r l y by r nt No thumber and, and there accomplished that great work ofconversion by whi ch the idolatry ofthe northern as well as the southern

“ in mma sai a e li is ra k gdo y be d to h ve b en, ke S e , de f m ” hil livered into the h ands o a wo an . W e the

‘ 1 B ed s . 1. u . c. 9. T T HE U G . S . E LB R A

hi story ofthe conversion ofKent centres in a single

r u a of r um erla s out i o a g o p , th t No th b nd open nt

ri l s se es ofthe most vivid historica picture .

It chanced that the earlier life ofthe king was

r u a r mar a l isi i ms ri us b o ght, by e k b e v on, nto y te o

connection with the incidents which preceded his

i r f i ri a dis conversion . The first p ctu e o the h sto n

covers him as an exile flying fromthe face ofhis ri Ed lfrid s ra i his a ma s val e , who wa t ck ng p th by e n

n ri s u il fu a sa uar ofemissari es a d b be , nt he o nd nct y

r see in the palace ofhi s fri end Redwald . He e we hi msi ti in l of i musi hi s ma t ng, the coo n ght, ng on ny

rs and ari fr m a fai ful fri dange , he ng o th end the u l m ru a Redwald u r fa i nwe co e t th, th t , tho gh p oo ga nst

rru i was r fa ains i imi ati d co pt on, not p oo g t nt d on, an h ad determined to betray himto hi s enemy. T h e fri ar s l a i him s ill r i end dep t , e v ng to t mo e b tter me ditations i are nl , wh ch sudde y di sturbed by the a ara ofa stra r who r i s hi r ppe nce nge , p ed ct s eturn to

r and fr u and ro si s powe o t ne, p phe e the advent of s m ui ill l reli o e g de, who w not on y eve himofall hi s a xi i s but t n et e , open o him th e means of

c mi th e r a es and ms l ri us f be o ng g e t t o t g o o o kings.

E adwin a rl lis s and e ge y ten , at th e earnest S T . E T HELB U B GA .

ma of s ra r l de nd the t nge , p edges obedience and

i r s devot on to the p omi ed teacher . Hereupon the somewhat material apparition puts hi s

’ a in s a h nd on the k g he d, reminds him again ofhi s r mis nd i a a s s . p o e, v n he Again the faithful fri a a r s s end ppe on the cene, and announces the altered purpose and intended alli ance of l Redwa d . A ll then falls out according to the

r — su ss in a l l ssi s in p ophecy cce b tt e, b e ng peace, and a wonderful deliverance from an attempted assassi a i i r siti f his f n t on, by the nte po on o aithful

ill in and mur s r a a w r r . e v nt, L , bet een the k g the de e

On the same night whi ch wi tnessed thi s providen

l s a u l ur a was safl tia e c pe, the good q een Ethe b g e y

ofh er au r Eanfl ed and r delivered d ghte , the praye s

auli us in h er alfso ou the ar ofSt . P n beh t ched he t ofthe king as to give it a new and strong impulse

r f towards chris ti anity. Eve y promise o hi s early l s u fulfi l b ut th e las . T he stra r vision wa th s ed, t nge who was to crown the work and to complete the

l i s m. was a P au b ess ng, wa yet to co e It then th t

us is l ma i ims lfa uai i hi s lin , w e y k ng h e cq nted w th t

r f an ful r i n rmi romantic p e ace to event e g , dete ned mi to give it its last touch . Co ng into the presence S T . E T HE LBU RGA .

’ of i firs r a in of the k ng, who, on the t p e ch g the new

fai th h ad become silent and solitary as in the days

ofhi s arli r ri als is u s hi s a e e t , the good b hop p t h nd

upon hi s head and asks him ifhe remembers the

token . The astonished ZEadwi n would have fallen

at hi s f aulinus raisi hi m r mi s eet, when P ng , e nd

himthat one by one the promi ses ofthe stranger

h a fulfill and a nl las r mai ve been ed, th t o y the t e ned

m l — di th e fai of ri s to be co p eted obe ence to th Ch t,

h ad fulfill mall hi m and r s r hi mto who ed the to , e to ed

i l u al and ur. was o we th hono The k ng deep y t ched,

ui i e ul sul yet not q te conv nc d . He wo d con t with — his princes and great men if they believed he

consented to be baptised with them. Then follows

another ofthe tableaux viva/ate with whi ch the pages of

romi rs s ar Bede are so full . The p nent pe on now e

i the hi ri s C oifi and ma a the k ng, gh p e t, , the gn te ofthe Northumbrian court . The king propounds

diffi and hi ri s rs wi su hi s culty, the gh P e t ente th ch

readiness into a doctrine whi ch engages to solve

l ri s flif and a fr hi al those myste e o e de th, be o e w ch

hi s i la r as rl ss a ass ml ra ifi s do t y w powe e , th t the e b y t e ,

s ussi ill of i and without di c on, the w the k ng, the i ri s u & i a T h gh p e t anno nces himselfa christ n . 1 hen fll rt r of a al ars and o ow the ove h ow he then t , the

s ru i he ima of i latr de t ct on of t ges Saxon do y, which th e chi efteacher figur es as the first destroyer .

The king receives baptism in the wooden church

h ad r in Y r and for ix ars aulinus he e ected o k, s ye P and hi s colleagues continue to bapti se and to preach l t unti the work ofconversion is complete . B u now T the tide ofjoy and prosperity suddenly turns . he king and queen who h ad thus cast their crowns

” fr he thr h ad t ak u ross u be o e t one, o t e p the c pon whi ch they had only leaned before

a tle fHeathfield fr s of In the fatal b t o , the o ce

E adwin were utterly routed and broken up by

s ofth ri is in ead alla ai the ho t e B t h K g, C w , ded by

unnatural su r ofhis i sma a the ppo t k n n Pend , the

i f r f l an o ia . in ll in a K ng Me c The K g e b tt e, d

E l ur and . auli us fi di t ir the b ga St P n , n ng hat the

t T he fam m rison ma e th e Hi h P riest of the soul ous co pa , d by g , ofman as in ' mlife to death to th e fli ht of a b ird now seen p s g fi o g .

n nn i i h f t t h e and now lost to th e eye, take in co ect on w th t e act ha

- mrrmd iatel was alread y evi dently well ins tructed in christianity, so i y — recalls th e eautiful ass a e of th e oo ofWis om v . xi. xii . as b p g B k d , ,

ard i as i ts ro er source to lead us to mg th s p p . T . T H S E ELBU RGA .

l la in an immdi a fli o shi on y hope y e te ght , t ok p

i u la and a t assus a fai hful w tho t de y, , t ended by B t

s ldi r fE ad in and a om ani il r o e o w , cc p ed by the ch d en

ofthe i h marri a s Eanfled nl k ng by bot ge , the o y

r fhi s s n marria and Wuscfrea and survivo o eco d ge,

I fli hi s son a d ra s hi s firs marri a , n g nd on by t ge ,

arri safl in r E adb ald and r ved e y Kent, whe e A ch

i l m il s and r i b shop Honorius we co ed the ex e , ece ved

themwith all honour and affection .

B ut while th e widowed queen h ad lost all that

u h er lif er was m sh e h ad bo nd to e, th e one who

l ft hi h er in n wh m lif h ad r e be nd K e t, to o e neve

' oflered n arms — niec s am unli a y ch the e who e n e, ke

a ofh er mther i h as so rl si th t o , (wh c w ea y con gned

li i as sti n m th e asi of to ob v on) , w de ed to beco e occ on

— Mildreth a or Miltrud a centuries ofcontr oversy S t.

She appears to have early devoted herselfto a r li i us lif and i a at r s e e g o e, the de once p e ent d i lf ffli te u ir l s r tse to the a c d q een to cast the ot togethe ,

l u s rvice of od and to give themse ves p to the e G ,

f i u in la e a orm, wh ch tho gh new Eng nd, th y

n r n s had been accustomed to i F ance, whose co vent were th e places ofeducation as well as ofdedi cation

ili in l to the daughters ofthe christian nob ty Eng and . S T . E T HELB U B GA .

For sa d ni e l ss the ke an in the behalfofher ce, not e

E t l ur a a as a r s for h er i lif . th n e t w dowed e, St he b g asked from h er brother the gift ofa site for the

a h er a nunnery sh e proposed to found . He g ve portion of the park and the site ofthe ancient

illa of mi in i sh e uil a urc v Ly nge, wh ch b t ch h

“ ” di r f o d and a . a r o G de c ted to St M y, the Mothe ,

u r i ri hl as it was fr m a n nne y, wh ch ( c y endowed o time to time by the Kentish Kings) became one ofthe five great foundations ofEas t Kent . The year 633 witnessed the completion ofthi s pious

r an di ati of u a lif wo k, d the de c on the q een to th t e of s lusi and i hi s itu h er ec on devot on, w ch con t ted , a rdi rds ofh er i ra rs cco ng to the wo b og phe , T h e mother of the sai nted matrons and virgins of l ” Eng and .

We cannot but paus e to observe that theshadows of hi s mur ful hi s r fall in l t o n to y, al their depth

s rr s ofa mu h la er upon the o ow c t d ay. In the long la s of w l uri s can d p e t e ve cent e , we fin nothing in

i ir ar u lin s is so str l mar wh ch the d k o t e ong y ked, as in a r a m i all a s r be e ve ent wh ch we h ve ha ed .

We have seen another Prince at once Engli sh and

a cut off fi l of a l b S xon , not on the e d b tt e, ut on the

T E T HE G . S . LBU R A S T . E T HELBU RGA .

in l r e e t r ri s si e . w ot the e eventh c n u y, desc be the t ‘ Here what he terms an emi nentius et augus tius

” monumentum marked even in his d ay the resti n g

lac f i u and a to p e o the w dowed q een, g ve the

ofLymi nge the designation whi ch it bears

“ in its arli st a ar rs Limi n e u i e e S xon ch te , g , b

corpus

— 640 664.

ofth e Kenti sh

l r son point. T h e e de

E nred avi di uri orme , h ng ed d ng

’ l ft hi s two s s Eth eldred his father s lifetime, e on

h l t in the ar ofhis r r and Et e berh , c e b othe , who it appears was empowered to admini ster th e

ri and government for a certain pe od, then to

i refus deliver it up to th e ri ghtful he r . He ed

Little is known ofth e reign ofEarconb erht except hi s zeal in th e defence and propagation ofchris ti anit hi h assum a frmal h r di ffr y, w c ed o toget e e ent fromthat whi ch h ad characterised the religious life

f r fa h r E h l r . i r hris iani o hi s g and t e , t e be t H the to c t ty

ir c c ura m and by d e t en o ge ent endowment. No

' Hi st . Monast. A u in ns m lm 1 n st c T ho . ab E m g . ( ha . ) p . 184. c s rai had lai u an nor was on t nt been d pon y one,

r re attempted . T h e Saxon temples and g oves we still rmi e r main and t s rvan s of pe tt d to e , he O b e ce the true faith were rather commended to the affections than exacted from th e fears of those

m r to who they we e offered . Earconb erht however began hi s reign by forbidding th e worshi p ofidols and r ri str u ti of ir im s an o de ng the de c on the age , d

i i s r a i of d t by enjo n ng the ob e v t on Lent, an o her

hris ian r i a s u r s r alti c t o d n nce , nde the eve est pen es .

By thi s uncompromising zeal he designed appar ently

. to a for uil of his usur a i and tone the g t p t on , to obtain from the authorities of the church a

i i f i r recogn t on o h s ve y doubtful claims . It is memorable th at we read of no great act of self sacrifice r munificence as a rni is s ri r o , do ng th t cte

r f ift r r r f p o ession . No g o cha te to any o the

ur s r m as ri s alr a fu far l ss ch che o on te e e dy o nded, e an fu ti ofhi s own y new and independent o nda on , distinguishes the reign of thi s monar ch ; for the fu a i of his if S exbur a at i s r in o nd t on w e, g , M n te ;

a at ri u hi s su s i or Sheppey, c nnot be t b ted to gge t on co- r i one a in uil and ope at on, the h v g been b t endowed

c l i i r i is si e c es astical buildings ofKent . H s e gn g

fr to nali sed h r isi of . il , oweve , by the v t St W ed

and ur at th our Kent, the fo years which he spent e c t

ofth s ur e Kenti sh king . Commended to thi jo ney,

nd i ll f a spec a y to the avour ofEarconb erht by St.

Eanfled au r of l ur of the d ghte St . Ethe b ga (

mi the ma rs and a i s of uthful Ly nge), nne h b t the yo — pilgrim for he was only detained here on his way

“ R me— ao won u i a l e to o pon the k ng, th t he ov d

” hi m e in l . urin hi i si u ll exce d g y D g s v t, the eq a y i i celebrated Bened ct B scop, whose influence upon

ur h ar hi tur was as rea as h a of ilfre ch c c tec e, g t t t W d u its ritual and di s i lin arri at a r ur pon c p e, ved C nte b y,

R m can il ma i also on his way to o e . We eas y i g ne with how great an interest the infant monasteries and charitable foundations ofKent were visited and

l re il ri ms and ur m exp o d by both the p g , the enco age ent which their presence gave to the materi al and moral

li i still so r r a l th influence ofa re g on ecent . P ob b y e

f . S exb ur a r ir fr mth e determination o St g , to et e o

’ rl h us a s at r cei i f wo d after er h b nd de h, e ved ts chi e i mthi s isi and th e r a f i mpulse fro v t, g e t oundat on of

Min ster in Sh eppy may trace its remoter origin to

ir . the feelings insp ed by St Wilfred . Be thi s as it

EA RC O N B ERHT .

ma r a ri es osc linus a S exbur a y, we e d (w t G e ) th t g

r i ol v il fr m r is re ece ved the h y e o A chb hop Theodo ,

in ur of S h e i sh e uil and the ch ch ppy, wh ch b t,

afterwards took with h er un der the same rule h er

au er Ermenild a s isin i s ofr al . d ght , de p g the he ght oy ty

” “ S h e i u s i s an i sla of as ppy, he cont n e , nd E t Kent,

in hi ac ou of of u s r w ch, on c nt the convent n n the e

i ll in “ f ri n i al s a s r. ounded, the p c p town c ed M te

The present church ofMin ster belongs rather to

ne a old fu a i n un r the w th n to the o nd t o , the n ne y

having been refounded by Willi amth e Conqueror .

r ars to a r c r its firs s a and It neve appe h ve e ove ed t e t te,

h ad m so r u in num rs and i c m beco e ed ced, both be n o e ,

that the yearly revenues fell under the fatal standard

t un r a- ar hi fi mof of wo h d ed ye , w ch xed the doo so

nas i es of la ile th many ancient mo ter Eng nd, wh e

inmates ofthe nunnery were but a prioress and ten

A n ami a i of hi s ra l fun ati nuns. ex n t on t vene b e o d on

might dis close many interesting relics ofth e earli est

a ri an d in hi s a e of r i archae S xon pe od, t g ev ved o l i al i ui r in ma ll l f r og c nq y Kent, we y we ook orwa d to cu a i ofa fi l so r mi sin and the oc p t on e d p o g, as yet

so little explored .

i Vita S . Werb urg . . E A T N S W I T H A .

” “ in is s li nus A . D . 1090 , ays Go sce ,

art f a t of o Kent, own no

hi is all a coas t, w ch c ed ” fi Folkestan . hi s t i in th e ra idi o ts T own, wh ch, p ty i r as an d in th e r t ofits im r a i s nc e e g ow h po t nce, v e

ri its firs l rit from Kent, de ved t ce eb y

au r of Eadb ald s am l the d ghte , who e n e now on y

‘ survives through h er connexion with its earliest

k is r . ar 630 his ri n ss nown h to y In the ye , t p ce ,

a i rs lf a r li i us lif fu d a h v ng devoted he e to e g o e, o nde

u r ar th e sea at l s t a a n nne y ne Fo ke tone, connec ed pp

fa r r ntl it ur of . t r hi h er e y w h the ch ch St Pe e , w ch the ,

h r T h lif f . Eadb ald ad alr eady e ected there . e e o St

E s th a i th e ari us l s hi a ac to an wi , w th v o egend w ch tt h

“ it h as b summ u Mr . a i in hi s His , een ed p by M ck e,

” r of l s in t s r s & to y Fo ke tone, he e wo d

T h e com iler ofth e N ova Le end a. A n biae relates man p g g , y

I n vita Adriani . — wonders ofh er that sh e leng thened th e beamofa building t r ee feet w en th e car enters mi ssin in t eir measure h , h p , g h , h ad made it that much too short ; d rew water over th e hills

d r a aihst natur from n a mil off to h er an ocks g e Sweeto , e , oratory by th e sea side ; forbade certain ravenous birds th e

countr w i c . efore did muc arm t erea outs re y, h h b h h h b store th e li n cast out th e evil and eal e innumera le d b d, d , h d b

’ flk ir o es ofthe infirmi ti es .

The same writer thus details the vari ed fortrmes of u r i s lf i was r fu in the n nne y t e , wh ch e o nded the

rman ri li a ofSh e an d fll at las No pe od, ke th t ppy, e t under the same law which transferred the incomes ofth e poorer monasteri es to the treasury ofthe A ug mentation O ffice

T h e monastery itselfappears to have been destroyed at

an early peri od by th e Danes ; for a deed ofgift to th e church

a an r r at at in A D. 92 K in l t fr t te u st es t . 7 t e s an o C b y, h & , g A h ,

th e soul ofhi s fath er Edward and;the honour ofWulfhelm

rc i s o of anter ur ave olkestone situate on th e A hb h p C b y, g F , d

sea w ere formerl was a monaster and a e of ol , h y y “ bb y h y

Vir ins and w ere al so S t . Eanswith was uri e whi la g , h b d; ch p ce

’ r by th e P agans was dest oyed .

“ - D mini . l i a is sui Anno o d ccccvn Athe stane rex, pro an mn p n

n rs Wifelmi archisacerd otis Doro imd e it Folkstane Ed wardi st h o o bern , d

are ubi uon amfuit monasteriurn ct abb atia an si tamsuper m , q d S c th e N orman on uest en N i el d e uneville lor of C q , wh g M , d

olkestone in 1095 foun e on i ts site un er th e sancti on of F , d d , d ’ nselm t en rc is o of anter ur e new ri or of A , h A hb h p C b y, p y

B ene icti nes whi c h e ave as an ali en cell to th e a e of d , h g bb y

Lolle in N orman S o ra i h ad een th e encroac ments y, dy. p d b h

stood at a di stance oftwenty-eight perches (1068 feet) from th e s ore thi s new ri or as soon even as 1138 wa s in suc h , p y, , h

’ an er offalli n tha t S ir Willi amd A veranch es t en lor of d g g , , h d

olk estone confirme th e rant ofhi s ancestor and remove F , d g , d th e monks at t eir own etiti on un er th e sancti on ofth e h p , d bishop of Rochester (th e vicar of th e see of Canterbury

in i hi h a m dur g ts vacancy) to a new church w ch e g ve the .

I n th e t irteent centur w en ohn of T n emout h h y, h J y h

collecte hi s lives of th e En li s saints hi s a revi ator d g h , bb ,

a rave tells us not even th e site ofth e axon monaster C pg , , S y remaine and c urc and c urc ar h ad ot een eu d, h h h hy d b h b

' f rl ul e in th e sea . ome orti ons owever o t ese ea g ph d 1 S p , h , h y

tarumVir inum uhi ti amse ulta est S t. Eanswith a ui locus a g , e p , q

r — m H st f r P anis d est uctus fuit. S o ner . o C anter u ag , i b y,

. f l lf f e erl al ll C at of i ts to C athe ra . 215 . re o v so te s us G d , p A d B y i l l i i ’ Sancta Eansw d a fili a Etha b a d reg s C antiw j acot in Folkston.

' fre u ntati one m um Folk mi n t Elegit locuma vulgi q e re ot , estan no a

mub i t ater e us Ed b ald us in h onors eati P etri a ostoli ecclesiam tu , a p j b p

I b i er o ex arte maris uo remotior d ici tur esse ab i sis construxit . g p q p

E — C GB ERH T . 664 67 3 .

ofthe K entish kingdombecome

l ss l ar at hi s i hi fl fr m e c e t po nt, c e y o the

sil of s u s u arra iv ence Bede, who e s b eq ent n t e becomes almost entirely the hi story of the

rt r r i & s ur s no he n po t on ofthe Heptarchy . The o ce of su s u i s r are A n l -S axon the b eq ent h to y, the g o f biographi es of the sai nts who flourished during thi s ri tra sla nd i scelinus pe od, n ted a ep tomiz ed byGo , — between the years 1058 and 1098 the Saxon

Chronicle and the Chr oni cle ofFlorence ofWor oester The last two are of the hi ghest

ri hi s ri of m autho ty in t pe od co parative obscurity .

’ Bed e s words ofEcgb erh t are these Quo anno (685) motheri

C ant Rex os Ec b erh tum fratrem snum ui novem auni s . , cump t g , q

mannis re nasset m uus r naverat i se d uod eci ort e at octav . reg , p g , o Id

” 1 Feb . ( . I V. , 0 .

“ ” — 1 Legitur nr u su co is th e manner in whi ch Goscelinus indi

- n monuments ita Werb ur i cates these Ang lo Saxo . ( v S g ) EC GB ERHT .

earl an i u rian L lan who h ad ad The y t q a , e d, the vantage ofbecoming acquainted with the monastic li r ri s of la efr th e act ofdi ss lu ion b a e Eng nd, b o e o t h ad di s rs m h as iv umr us e ra s pe ed the , g en n e o xt ct fr m i ra i s of Gosceli nus and ers o the b og ph e oth ,

l s or s ill lie hid in some ofwhi ch have been o t, t

s m a private or publi c collections . The o ewh t r ma i fa ur s of lif of Ec berht are o nt c e t e the e g , derived from the descri ptions of the foundation f o of . ildr in a i e the Abbey St M ed, Th net, g v n

is ri er in hi s life of sai and um by th w t the nt,

lified T horns s m r s r p by , who ee s to have p e e ved with reli gious care th e traditions ofhi s native

The young princes whomEarconb erht h ad sup

in the hr r s ill li planted t one, we e t ving in the kingdomwhen h e succeeded to th e usurped inh eri

u scru ul us ur ier nam u r tance . An n p o co t , by e Th no ,

r in u th e fars and sus i i ns of in wo k g pon e p c o the K g,

n hi m c ns or at leas prevai led upo to o ent to, t to

r ft di d i s i connive at their mu der . O en he n t gate the king to put themto death ; and when he dissembled

d di d r i i or s t h an not p oh b t oppo e the ac , t e cruel EO GB ERHT .

u or ut a th e r al hs in w Th n p to de th oy yout , the to n of as r and b uri m in sal E t y, ed the there, the oon of h is u B ut lar ho se . the divine power dec ed aft rward s si ular meri n mn e the ng ts ofthe you g e , a heavenly light shining constantly upon their b di es as t ou h a sun r ni o , h g we e shini ng by ght .

T he King beholding thi s was seized with a panic far r isi i i hi hi e , ecogn ng the d v ne vengeance w ch s

uil h ad T h i f e a r an o . g t bbot Ad , St

’ A u us i s and A r is o r k g t ne , chb hop The do e, too advantage ofthis di sposition ofthe mind ofthe

i and hr a s and r i u him K ng, by t e t p omi ses nd ced to make compensation to the sister ofthe murdered

ri s and th e hi f ar ofhi s r ofr s i utio p nce , c e p t wo k e t t n

as fu a i and m ofa u r w the o nd t on endow ent n nne y,

whi ch sh e might devote h er life to the work

r si i f hi s a ofp ayer and interces on . The s te o t bbey

in illa of Mi r in a and its the v ge nste Th net,

first endowment consi sted ofa tract of land in i the Island itself. The c rcumstances which attended thi s gift (probably as legendary as those which

his r of art a and i open the to y C h ge, wh ch they in

hron. u ustin . 192. O S, A g . p

o Themet itse and s r a ma r f lf, hew that the g e t no

ofMinster grew up out ofa number ofseparate

ifs din r s r l ri s and ul g t exten g ove eve a centu e . co d not have been (as the map and description ofthe chroni cler assume) a single and integral estate .

The extraordinary irregularities in the boundary of th e r a ma ors in n one two g e t n Tha et, the

l i ris ur and r . be ong ng to Ch t Ch ch, the othe to St

’ u us i s nl r m osi arac r A g t ne , not o y p ove the co p te ch te of s r a m s but i l su s the e g e t endow ent , ev dent y gge ted

’ the romantic story ofthe stag s run and its capricious

mir l i s but one of man hi start . The ac e the y w ch f a a r r u lif o . il r h ve been g the ed o nd the e St M d ed,

m f s i m n s o . u u by the o k St A g t ne, to who the inh ri a ofh er r li s as ll as ofh er la e t nce e c , we nded i i l i possess ons devolved . It s notab e that everyth ng

i s ri rs a u h as m wh ch the e w te h ve to ched, beco e suspicious through their unscrupulous efforts to

’ al ir m as er r a of hri s s ur ex t the on t y ove th t C t Ch ch, and a all to s new fu a i of , bove , oppo e the o nd t on

i o s wi m h e . re r e t St G go y, wh ch c nte t d th the

il r . O f u r c ar rs possession ofSt . M d ed the n me ous h te of u r f Mi s r in A n l -S ax the N nne y o n te , the g o

artular s ar l can ar s ri ical s s ch y, c ce y one be tho e c t te t , which the profound sagacity of Kemble h as

s a li s d rl ll of m are la e t b hed, an nea y a the p ced by himunder the note ofdoubtful authenticity . B ut thi s gift to Dompneva was not the only atonement made by Ecgb erh t for hi s part in the death ofh i s l R i c usi s . a ac of ul r E l o n The p e ec ve , to wh ch the b erht h ad r ir hi s rsi et ed on conve on, was added to

u aml sac rifi s of i s famil the nex p ed ce the Kent h y, and the year 669 witnessed its transformation into a m as r B ut in i on te y. the k g was dest ned to expiate his uil nl in hi s rs b t in g t, not o y own pe on, u that of hi s s s dri and ihtraed r t on E c W , who we e se aside succession brother H L O T H A — 6 5 . R I . 6 7 3 8

T appears by the only authentic charter

this king extant that h e associ ated wi th

ims lf in r m hi s h e , the gove n ent, nephew

E ri F ad c . or thi s charter (whi ch grants a portion

’ of sl f i the I e o Thanet to St . Mildred s monastery s

“ c ri t Edrici given) um consensu archi ep. Theodo e

” i f ri e mei ms r f u hi s fili ra . s r a t It ee , the e o e, th t p to t

date Eadric h ad not been excluded fromthe

i l i Hl th i su ss . a a r r o ari mi a i cce on At te pe od, , t t ng

li ofhis r r a ur fix the po cy b othe , ende vo ed to the

i in hi E success on s own li ne . ad ric and Wihtraed

r r of l and confidin we e not, howeve , the gent e g

ara r of ir u frtu a usi s nd ch cte the n o n te co n , a they

h ad a powerful ally in the King of the South

a s m Ead ric h ad r urs in hi s S xon , to who eco e

f r r a m s i i rs . s al dange A te eve eng ge ent w th the k ng,

Hloth ari was mrtall u and di ofhis o y wo nded, ed

u s 6th of ruar 685 or as l r wo nd on the Feb y, ; , F o ence

“ ofWorcester describes it inter medendum est de

i of sse r u i hi h K ng We x, who to ok the oppo t n ty w c

s iss sio s ffr in a and as a the e d en n o e ed, to v de dev t te

u r l and . s r es mre ru the co nt y The e avag , o c e

ral a s of a s so a gene even th n tho e the D ne , we kened

i m r li tl for r f the k ngdo , that we hea t e hence wa d o its ist r as a s ara m r f h o y ep te embe o the Heptarchy .

Wihtraed i s th e last of its kings who preserved

i s r i and as a l ndependent ove e gnty, who w b e

arr m fic of r rs to c y on the uni ent work his p edecesso ,

r in the endowment and establishment ofthe chu ch .

His ar rs m as r of mi hi ch te to the on te y Ly nge, w ch

among the earli est and most authentic ofthose in a artular i di a e e f the S xon ch y, n c te the xt nt o

ro r hi s ill r mai hi s famil the p pe ty w ch t e ned to y, while hi s institution an d endowment ofthe canons of

& . artin at r av la his am am St M , Dove , h e p ced n e ong

fu rs as ll as fa rs of reli the o nde , we the bene cto the gions houses of Kent . He was buried in the

” r f ir i ar in m s r p o ticus o the V g n M y, the ona te y

i ar th e of h a sai . of . u us St A g t ne, ne body t t nt

P l h T h e reader is here again referred to the work ofMr. uck eon t e

Hi story ofthe church in Dover C as tle. E T HE II 6 LB YRHT . 725—7 0

EA DB ERHT .

— 60 5 . EDM U ND (or ALDRIC ) . 7 77

9 s ns ofWihtraed r i aft r o . e gned e

ording to the Saxon chronicle in

o l i k of m ssion . B ut s litt e s nown the

a l that even their names are disputed . Prob b y the kingdom was divided at this time among

hi ftains as S i e ard i s s ri in petty c e , one g w de c bed

“ a charter as Rex dimidi ae parti s provinciae C an ” i tuari ensis . E th elbyrht is said to have assoc ated wi him in r m hi s son Eardul h th the gove n ent, p ,

i efr hi r su ssi who d ed b o e s fathe . The cce on de volved therefore upon A l dric (who seems to be

am a th mu ofthe x ni l the s e s e Ed nd Sa on chro c e) ,

s r i in ar 4 r a a l n who e e gn ( the ye 77 ) the g e t b tt e,

' ofO tfr was ai O fia K in of r ia o d g ned by , g Me c , and the annexation of the K entish Ki ngdom to E T HELB ERHT II .

hi s own was only retarded by

ri ish i i ldri and hi s the B t nto Mercia . W th A c

A lhmund i fre him th e rac of , who d ed be o , e

ri in i and th e as of o g al k ngs passed away, dyn ty

i m in l ri us . C oenul h Heng st ca e to an go o end p ,

i f r ia avi fat Eadberht-P rén k ng o Me c , h ng de e ed

s ss hims lfofth e aca hr who h ad po se ed e v nt t one,

in m m a mr a a gave the k gdo , now beco e e e ppend ge ” ofhis his r r u br after a own to b othe O t ed, who, r i of i ars of scuri was su c e e gn e ght ye ob ty, c e ded

B aldr ed wh o fll in hi s tur r th by , e n unde e annexing

h a of Ec b erht and in th e ar 823 nd g , ye , the

kingdom ofK ent merged with the other Saxon

r i i s i o a of la sove e gnt e nt th t Eng nd.

“ T he c arters ofC nul h l in K nt in f m E h oe p re at g to e , are the or g o

C oenulfus Rex Merciorumuna cumfratre meo C uthred c regs C an

” — tu rum Di l. A n l s . . m ario C od . o ax C art 1 88 190 Fro ( p g 79, 187, 1 , ,

th 811 h m i n — m l t ear e see s to v re e al n . I t e y , ha e g d o e is ost probab e hat

l r d li hi s re ecessor was sim l vi cero . B a d e , ke p d , p y a y C H A RT ERS O F T H E EA RL I ER

K I N GS O F K EN T .

T his mark in ic or er but some m i mw d ates not absobute f g y, p bi

ea r f tw es denotmg commtion by a late hwtd .

‘ — ft to th e urc of E rnnt nrnnr . ril 28th 1604. Gri Ap , Ch h

r Rocheste . ' — r fS t u oundati on c a ter o . ustine s 605 . F h A g — m 9 5 En ow ent ofth same. Jan . 60 . e , d — f fC hi l tt to th same. 605 . Gi t o s e e — A DB A LD 618 i ft ofN ort ourne to th e same. E . . G hb — ‘ if t m . l 6 5. t f r o th e sa e O swm. 7 Gr o Stur y — f HA B 1 i m h e e. HLO T I ril . of ars to t sam . 67 5 G t tod Ap , S h — I N I ift ofLan in T anet to inster . O S W . G d h M — am . S U A EB HA B D. arc 1 676. T he s e M h , h Gift ofland in Sturry to t e same.

T HA B Ma — f T a h s m HLO I . 6 9 ifo stan in u t to t e e. 7 . G t We a y, h

ft f to ma & . to S t. EA DRI C . une 686. Gi o rs c J , S d h, ,

wmr ul — ft of r n f th P ark O s . 689. Gi a o ti o o e of J y, p L min u ’ e to S t. us tine y g A g s . I RT B A ED ul 4 — f W . 17 69 . Gift o Humantun in T anet J y , h i to M nster . F — 696. r eb . a ter ofP rivile es to th e same. , Ch g

arc 696 Gift of Li l o . tt e urne to S t . M h, b ’ u us n A g ti e s .

ril 6 — ft ofH 97 . i G ae to inster . Ap , g M r' ul — of lmin ton in selli n e Wmnu ln. ft i ) 697 . Gi W J y, g ( g t in o Lym ge.

A ril 6 Gila—C onfirmati on of P rivile es to p , g n C hurches ofK e t. — n m Wi t ul 700. enewe Gra t to L i n e J y, R d y g , h

a di ti ons d . 2 —H mmes ot rante to E rnnt nrnnr . ul 10 7 4. a II J y , p g d

F 2 82 -rant fS a mand lan eb . 0 7 G o ntu , d

on th e Limene to inst r or L mi n e M e y g . - ift t r fA a . n n r . to es e o sh m Ed nn n . ril 738 G oc n d scoh e Ap , R h

— fB s ft o is o wic . r nt nrnn . Gi c e &c to L E n r. 40 mi n 7 e . p , , y g

4 — ift o o r fHolans En nuu . 7 . G t c est o ic 7 &c. R h e p ,

R — f ofS a A DB E HT . 61. i t m to in ster E 7 G M . ‘ ul — f 25 761. Gift o Gt . on e am to S t J y M g h . ’ u ustine s A g .

xnt nr nx - ft of l E r . 2 i t r 76 . G a il a art to th m M Ch e sa e. — ms nn. 62 i f S l e 7 . G fll o Lan to t d Roches er .

' Ecs nnnnr . 765 .

I RA ED -Gift fEas h S I G . 765 . o lin amto oc r g R heste .

nn r' — ft ofB r m h Ecen u . 8. Gi o e ae t 77 g ge o th e same. - — E rna Lun a r. 781. Gi ft to s r Roche te .

ommt r of — r min i i C Mercia Gift ofH e p g w c to Lymnge.

O sWU Lrus B ox. 798. — f d nN U Lr. 799 Gift o o in an oo h ri t C o . G dd g W tton to C s

— if to wi fB m ha SOL G t S thun o ro g e ege.

- ft f rit n e & to t unr d 804. Gi o te n c . o C e . F d , , Abb

L — fL n an r C onN U r. 804. Gift o a in te ur to L in e d C b y ym g . — f t nnnn u . 6 805 . Gi t of ris ur o ofB l C ur . A c ocho t . g , Ch Ch

fr — ift A th elnoth h b e o e 805 G to e i s mini ster .

Hi J . El en a , P rinter, gh Street. Folkestone.