Incoterms 2020

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Incoterms 2020 September 2019 Incoterms 2020 Das sollten Sie wissen / Everything you should know XxxxxxIncoterms 2020: Das sollten Sie wissen / Everything you should know Einleitung Introduction Im internationalen und nationalen Handel besteht In international and domestic trade, it is often vielfach das Erfordernis, kurz und in unstreitiger required to regulate the allocation of rights and Form die Verteilung von Rechten und Pflichten obligations between the parties briefly and clearly. zwischen den Parteien zu regeln. Hierzu bedient For this purpose, the internationally recognized man sich vielfach der weltweit anerkannten International Commercial Terms (Incoterms) are International Commercial Terms (kurz: Incoterms). often used. These are provisions regulating Dabei handelt es sich um Regelungen, die wichtige important rights of purchasers and sellers, in Rechte von Käufer und Verkäufer, insbesondere particular the allocation of risk of loss, but also of das Risiko der Gefahrtragung, aber auch die the responsibilities with regard to transport, Verantwortlichkeiten für Transport, Versicherung insurance as well as costs. und Kostenverteilung regeln. The Incoterms were first published in 1936 by the Die Incoterms wurden erstmals 1936 von der International Chamber of Commerce in Paris and Internationalen Handelskammer in Paris have since then become an indispensable part of veröffentlicht und sind inzwischen aus dem international and domestic trade. By using the internationalen, aber auch nationalen Incoterms the often divergent legal systems of the Handelsverkehr nicht mehr wegzudenken. Durch respective contracting parties can be overcome in die Incoterms können insbesondere die oftmals an unproblematic and legally secure manner. stark voneinander abweichenden Since their first release, the Incoterms have been Rechtsordnungen der jeweiligen Vertragspartner revised seven times (most recently in 2010) and problemlos und rechtssicher überwunden werden. each time adjusted to the latest developments. Seit ihrer erstmaligen Veröffentlichung wurden die The International Chamber of Commerce now Incoterms bereits sieben Mal (zuletzt 2010) intends to publish its eighth revision of the überarbeitet und dabei jeweils an die neuesten Incoterms, the Incoterms 2020, at the beginning of Entwicklungen angepasst. Nunmehr beabsichtigt September 2019. These are to take effect on die Internationale Handelskammer, Anfang 1 January 2020 and will once again introduce many September 2019 ihre achte Überarbeitung, die innovations as compared to the Incoterms 2010 Incoterms 2020, zu veröffentlichen. Diese sollen currently in force. zum 1. Januar 2020 in Kraft treten und werden Incoterms do not replace the actual contract, but abermals gegenüber den bisher geltenden only regulate individual primary obligations of the Incoterms 2010 viele Neuerungen mit sich bringen. contracting parties. For example, the Incoterms do Die Incoterms ersetzen den eigentlichen Vertrag not include provisions on the transfer of nicht, sondern regeln nur vereinzelte ownership, legal consequences of a breach of Primärpflichten der Vertragsparteien. Nicht contract, terms of payment, etc. umfasst werden etwa Regelungen zum Eigentumsübergang, Rechtsfolgen infolge eines Vertragsbruchs, Zahlungsbedingungen, etc. 1 | MAYER BROWN Incoterms 2020: Das sollten Sie wissen / Everything youIncoterms should know2020 Incoterms sind in keiner Weise aus sich selbst Incoterms are not in itself binding, but represent heraus zwingend, sondern stellen vielmehr recommendations and must be explicitly included Empfehlungen dar und müssen zu ihrer Geltung in the respective contract in order to be valid. explizit in den jeweiligen Vertrag einbezogen However, their inclusion, especially within the werden. Ihre Einbeziehung, gerade im international trade, is appropriate in many cases, internationalen Handel, ist jedoch vielfach as their worldwide recognition makes the sinnvoll, da so aufgrund ihrer weltweiten international trade transparent and greatly Anerkennung der internationale Warenverkehr simplifies the drafting of contracts. transparent gestaltet und die Vertragsgestaltung The use of standardized clauses is beneficial for stark vereinfacht wird. both contractual parties. Not only do the precise Die Verwendung der standardisierten Klauseln descriptions and definitions of the Incoterms help ist für beide Vertragsseiten von Vorteil. Nicht to avoid misinterpretations of the Incoterms, but nur werden Missverständnisse bei der contracts can also be concluded much faster. In Auslegung einer Regelung durch die genauen many cases, the use of Incoterms makes it Beschreibungen und Definitionen der Incoterms obsolete to have a detailed regulation of the risks vermieden, sondern Verträge können so auch and responsibilities, which can often be overly sehr viel schneller abgeschlossen werden. So detailed and extremely elaborate. wird vielfach eine oftmals überaus aufwendige, detaillierte Regelung der Gefahrtragung und Verantwortlichkeiten durch die Verwendung der Incoterms obsolet. MAYER BROWN | 2 Incoterms 2020: Das sollten Sie wissen / Everything you should know Die Incoterms 2010 The Incoterms 2010 Die derzeit aktuellen Incoterms, die Incoterms The currently valid Incoterms, the Incoterms 2010, 2010, sind am 1. Januar 2011 in Kraft getreten und entered into force on 1 January 2011 and covered berücksichtigten seinerzeit aktuelle Entwicklungen current developments in commercial practice and in der Handelspraxis und dem Transportwesen, transport at that time, in particular the use of insbesondere die Verwendung elektronischer electronic means of communication. In order to put Kommunikationsmittel. Um die zu erwartenden the expected changes of the Incoterms 2020 into Änderungen der Incoterms 2020 in Kontext zu context, the currently valid Incoterms 2010 are stellen, sollen nachfolgend die derzeit gültigen briefly described below. Incoterms 2010 kurz dargestellt werden. Since their implementation, the Incoterms 2010 Seit ihrer Implementierung werden die Incoterms have been used in numerous contracts, in particular 2010 in zahlreichen Verträgen, insbesondere those of internationally active companies, and have solcher international tätiger Unternehmen, rapidly replaced the Incoterms 2000 that had been verwendet und haben zügig die bis dahin in force previously. geltenden Incoterms 2000 abgelöst. Structurally, the Incoterms 2010 can first be divided Strukturell lassen sich die Incoterms 2010 zunächst into clauses that apply to all modes of transport as in solche Klauseln unterteilen, die für alle well as clauses that are specifically designed for sea Transportarten gelten, sowie in solche Klauseln, die spezifisch für den See- und Binnenschiffstransport and domestic waterway transport. ausgestaltet wurden. In addition, the individual clauses can be divided Daneben lassen sich die einzelnen Klauseln in vier into four groups (E, F, C and D). Gruppen (E, F, C und D) einteilen. The E-clauses (e.g. EXW) are so-called “pick-up Bei den E-Klauseln (z.B. EXW) handelt es sich um clauses”, i.e. the seller must make the goods sogenannte “Abholklauseln”, d.h. der Verkäufer available for collection, while the buyer is muss die Ware zur Abholung bei sich bereitstellen, responsible for transport, etc. während dem Käufer Transport, etc. obliegen. In contrast to the maximally seller-friendly Im Gegensatz zu den maximal E-clauses, the D-clauses (e.g. DDP) are maximally verkäuferfreundlichen E-Klauseln sind die buyer-friendly. According to the “delivery clauses” D-Klauseln (z.B. DDP) maximal käuferfreundlich it is the seller’s responsibility to deliver the goods ausgestaltet. So obliegt es nach den to the agreed destination. “Ankunftsklauseln” dem Verkäufer, die Ware bis The F- (e.g. FCA) and the C-clauses (e.g. CPT), on zum vereinbarten Zielort zu bringen. the other hand, represent intermediary versions, Die F- (z.B. FCA) und die C-Klauseln (z.B. CPT) where in case of the F-clauses (“dispatch clauses”), stellen demgegenüber vermittelnde Varianten dar, the main transport is carried out by the buyer, but, indem im Falle der F-Klauseln (“Absendeklauseln”) in deviation from the E-clauses, the seller bears the der Haupttransport durch den Käufer erfolgt, der risk until the goods are handed over to the carrier, Verkäufer aber die Gefahrtragung abweichend von whereas in case of the C-clauses, the main den E-Klauseln bis zur Übergabe an den transport is carried out by the seller with the Frachtführer trägt, während bei den C-Klauseln der transfer of costs and risk falling apart. Haupttransport durch den Verkäufer erfolgt, Kosten- und Gefahrübergang aber auseinanderfallen. 3 | MAYER BROWN Incoterms 2020: Das sollten Sie wissen / Everything you should know Die Incoterms 2020 The Incoterms 2020 Die Veröffentlichung der Incoterms 2020 durch die The publication of the Incoterms 2020 by the Internationale Handelskammer und damit International Chamber of Commerce and detaillierte Informationen zu den Änderungen correspondingly detailed information on the stehen aktuell noch aus, sind aber kurzfristig zu changes are still pending, but can be expected to erwarten. become available shortly. Bereits jetzt werden einige Änderungen diskutiert However, some changes have already been bzgl. derer vermutet werden kann, dass diese durch discussed with regard to which it may be assumed die Incoterms 2020 eingeführt werden: that they will be introduced by the Incoterms 2020: 1. Abschaffung der EXW Klausel 1. Elimination of the EXW clause Die für den Verkäufer vorteilhafteste
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