Amerikanische Sloop-Of-War USS PROVIDENCE Von 1775

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Amerikanische Sloop-Of-War USS PROVIDENCE Von 1775 www.schiffe-und-mehr.com Amerikanische Sloop-of-War USS PROVIDENCE von 1775 Das zeitgenössische Gemälde von Francis Holman (1729–1784) zeigt rechts die Sloop PROVIDENCE im Gefecht mit einem britischen Handelsschiff. Dieses Gemälde lieferte wichtige Hinweise zur Rekonstruktion der Sloop. Die Sloop1 USS PROVIDENCE gilt als das Im Jahre 1775 wurde der amerikanische Han- erste Schiff der US-Marine. Sie wurde bald del (und Schmuggel!) zusehends durch briti- kurz nach ihren Stapellauf als "Katy" im Jahre sche Kriegsschiffe gestört. Vor Rhode Island 1775 zu Beginn des US-amerikanischen Unab- machte die Fregatte "HMS Rose" aus sicht der hängigkeitskriegs von der Provinzregierung Amerikaner besonders unangenehm auf sich Rhode Islands gechartert, um amerikanische aufmerksam. Im Juni 1775 beschloss die Handelschiffe vor britischen Kriegsschiffen zu Provinzregierung Rhode Islands auf Druck der schützen. 1779 wurde sie am Ende der geschei- heimischen Kaufleute Gegenmaßnahmen und terten Penobscot Expedition verbrannt, um sie beschloss die Anmietung und Ausrüstung der nicht in britische Hände fallen zu lassen. Sloops "Katy" und "Washington" zum Schutz des Küstenhandels. Das Kommando über die Die "Katy" wurde 1775 für den amerikani- "Katy" übernahm Captain Abraham Whipple. schen Kaufmann John Brown gebaut, vermutlich in oder nahe dessen Heimatstadt Daten und Fakten der PROVIDENCE ex Katy Providence, Rhode Island. Der ursprünglich Land: Großbritannien / USA vorgesehene Verwendungszweck der Sloop ist Schiffstyp: Einmastige Sloop nicht bekannt, aber da Mr. Brown ein Bauherr: John Brown, Providence, bekannter Sklavenhändler war, könnte das Rhode Island, USA bewaffnete Fahrzeug für den Sklavenhandel Stapellauf: 1775 als "Katy" gedacht gewesen sein. Umbauten: 1775 zur Sloop-of War USS PPROVIDENCE, in Dienst am 3.12.1775 1 Als "Sloop", zu Deutsch Schaluppe, wurden seit Besatzung: ca. 90 Mann einschließlich dem 17. Jahrhundert einmastige, kleine Kriegs- 26 Seesoldaten schiffe bezeichnet, die als Depeschenboote und Verbleib: Am 14.8.1779 durch eigene ähnliches Verwendung fanden. Im 18. Jahrhundert Crew zerstört weitete sich die Nutzung des Begriffs insbesondere Technische Daten in der britischen Royal Navy deutlich aus. Die Bri- Vermessung: ca. 60 ts ten bezeichneten nun jedes Kriegschiff als Sloop, Länge: ca. 20 m Rumpflänge das von einem Commander befehligt wurde, also Breite: ca. 6 m einem Offizier in der Rangstufe unterhalb des Tiefgang: ca. 2,5 m Kapitäns. Kleinere zweimastige und dreimastige Segelfläche: ca. 320 qm Kriegsschiffe wurden so als Brig-Sloop bzw. Ship- Geschwindigkeit ca. 7 kn max. Sloop bezeichnet, bevor sich dafür im 19. Jahr- Bewaffnung: 6-12 Vier-Pfünder Kanonen hundert die Bezeichnungen Kriegsbrigg und Kor- 4-14 Drehbassen vette auch in Großbritannien durchsetzten. Zusammengestellt für www.schiffe-und-mehr.com, 2014. Copyright Klaus Intemann. www.schiffe-und-mehr.com Whipple kaperte mit der "Katy" schon bei sei- Oktober 1776 ging sie nach erfolgreicher nem ersten Auslaufen ein kleines Begleitschiff Mission wieder vor Rhode Island vor Anker. der HMS Rose. Den Rest des Sommers schütz- Nach der Rückkehr erhielt Capt. Jones das te die Sloop den Handel in der Narragansett Kommando über ein größeres Kriegsschiff, die Bay an der Nordseite des Rhode Island Sound. "Alfred" und Capt. Hoysted Hacker übernahm Ein Ausfall im September 1775 bis nach New die PROVIDENCE. Beide gingen am 11. Jersey und den Bermudas blieb erfolglos. November gemeinsam auf Kaperfahrt und Nach der Rückkehr nach Providence wurde die erbeuteten drei Schiffe, bevor Sturmschäden Sloop am 31. Okt. 1775 für 1250 $ von der die PROVIDENCE zur Rückkehr in die Narra- Provinzregierung Rhode Islands erworben und gansett Bay zwangen. Ein Landungsunter- segelte nachfolgend mit Truppen nach Phila- nehmen der Briten im Dezember 1776 erzwang delphia. Dort angekommen, wurde sie am 3. den Rückzug der Sloop und weiterer amerika- Dezember 1775 in die Continental Navy, den nischer Schiffe in den Providence River. Vorläufer der US Navy, übernommen und in Von dort brach sie unter dem Kommando von USS PROVIDENCE umbenannt. Lt. Jonathan Pilcher im Feb. 1777 zu einer Neuer Kommandant wurde John Hazard. Auf- weiteren Kaperfahrt aus, bei der eine britische grund des harten Winters und der starken Handelsbrigg aufgebracht werden konnte. Vereisung konnten die PROVIDENCE als Teil Nach der Rückkehr übergab Pilcher sein Schiff einer amerikanischen Flottille unter Flotten- an Capt. Rathburn. Unter seinem Kommando chef Esek Hopkins erst im Februar 1776 in See unternahm die PROVIDENCE zuerst zwei stechen. Ziel waren die Bahamas, wo ein wenig ereignisreiche Fahrten entlang der Landungsunternehmen stattfand. Ziel war Fort amerikanischen Ostküste, bevor sie im Januar Nassau, das innerhalb zwei Tagen erobert 1778 wieder Kurs auf die Bahamas nahm, dies- wurde. Die Amerikaner verluden die Vorräte mal alleine. Was folgte, war eine Kopie des des Forts, insbesondere die Munition, auf ihre Landungsunternehmens vom März 1776, nur Schiffe und zwei Prisen, und traten am 17. noch erfolgreicher. Die Sloop brachte sechs März 1776 umgehend die Rückreise an. Auf Schiffe vor Nassau auf, darunter ein mit 16 der Rückreise wurden vier weitere britische Kanonen bewaffnetes Kriegsschiff. Auf die Schiffe gekapert. Am 6. April geriet die kleine Prisen wurden unter anderem 1600 Pfund amerikanische Flotte vor Newport ins Gefecht erobertes Pulver verladen und in die USA mit der mit 20 Kanonen bewaffneten Ship- gebracht. Die PROVIDENCE lief nach New Sloop "HMS Glasgow" ins Gefecht. Der Brite Bedford und scheint dort für ein Jahr blockiert konnte sich jedoch nach Newport zurückziehen worden zu sein. und die amerikanische Flottille segelte weiter Im April 1779 konnte sie wieder auslaufen und nach New London in Connecticut, das am 8. eroberte prompt am 7. Mai die mit 12 Kanonen April 1776 erreicht wurde. bewaffnete "HMS Diligent". Danach nahm sie Am 10. Mai übernahm Captain John Paul an einem unternehmen in der Penobscot Bay Jones das Kommando über die PROVIDENCE teil, das scheiterte. Die Sloop und andere und transportierte mit ihr Truppen nach New Schiffe wurden blockiert und bei Herannahen York. Nach der Rückkehr nach Providence der Briten am 14. August 1779 zerstört. wurde der stark bewachsene Boden der Sloop- 1976 wurde eine Replik der PROVIDENCE of-War gereinigt, bevor sie wieder bis August gebaut. Da keine Pläne mehr existierten, fußte 1776 Geleitaufgaben übernahm. Am 21. der Entwurf unter anderem auf dem zeit- August stach sie zu einer Kaperfahrt in See, in genössischen Gemälde von Francis Holman. deren Verlauf die PROVIDENCE vier Als Baumaterialien wurden Holz und Fiberglas Handelsschiffe (eines davon wurde von den verwendet. Das Schiff ist in Providence Briten zurückerobert) und mehrere Fischer- beheimatet und das "Tall Ship" des US- boote kaperte. Außerdem überstand die Sloop Bundestaats Rhode Island. zwei Gefechte mit britischen Fregatten. Am 8. Literaturempfehlungen Howard I. Chapelle: The History of the American Sailing Navy, Bonanza Books, New York, 1949. Das englischspr. Werk stellt die Geschichte der amerikanischen Segelkriegsschiffe von ihren kolonialen Ursprüngen am Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ende des US-Bürgerkriegs 1865 umfassend dar. Zusammengestellt für www.schiffe-und-mehr.com, 2014. Copyright Klaus Intemann. .
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