1 history/context Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

History/Context

The Jacobite Rebellion of 1745 was the culmina- 4 tion of simmering, occasionally over boiling, dis- content. While monarchy lay at its heart the Rebellion was also fuelled by politics, religion, nationalism and economics. Lowland Scotland was caught up in a struggle which was far from straightforward and The Battle of Prestonpans was a key event, focussing thoughts on the future and opening eyes to the instability of the political situa- tion.

Maps, drawings, paintings, prints and songs were circulated shortly after the event and these now give the clearest picture of contemporary opinion. Reports clearly describe the events on the day of the battle and of the manoeuvres which preceded it. Most accounts included the approaches to Prestonpans, the Jacobite repositioning, The Battle itself and the subsequent flight of the remaining Government Army, led by the unfortunately pillo- ried Johnny Cope. The death of Colonel Gardiner, following his mortal wounding under the Hawthorn Tree, was also reported but seems to have taken on a more significant role in later years, as The Battle entered folklore. There are still few Scots who cannot recount some aspect of The Battle but fewer still are aware of where it was fought or of its immediate and longer term resonance.

Action: Raise awareness of the battle and its location and widen understanding of it and its implications.

1 The Cairn commemorating the battle of Prestonpans. ©St Andrews University Library. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. 5 2 Battle of Prestonpans after Sir William Allan ©Edinburgh University Library. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. 3 London Jacobites receiving news from Prestonpans by George Ogilvy Reid [1851-1928](oil on canvas) ©Alexander Fraser via Bridgeman Art Library / The Drambuie Collection. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. 4 Contemporary satirical cartoon showing General Cope fleeing from the Battle of Prestonpans towards Berwick in 1745 ©National Library of Scotland. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. 5 Plan of the Battle of Prestonpans, 1745 ©National Museums of Scotland. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. 6 Map of the Battle of Prestonpans, 1745 The title on this map reads, 'A plan of the Battle of Tranent fought Sept[embe]r 21st 1745'. Unfortunately the name of the map maker is unknown in this instance. ©National Library of Scotland. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

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1 legislation/ protection Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

PROTECTING THE SITE ANCIENT MONUMENTS:

The site of ‘The Battle’ is well documented in con- As with Historic Buildings, the selection of structures temporary records and plans and can easily be or remains for Scheduling is made by Historic identified on the ground today. There are signifi- Scotland, on behalf of the Ministers. Scheduled cant differences in the detail of the contemporary sites must be of National significance and are gen- accounts and in more recent interpretations but erally unroofed and unoccupied, limiting overlap these doubts appear relatively minor in relation to with the Listed Building Legislation. The Legislation the overall understanding of the action of The Battle does not provide for the protection for Battle Sites, and the events leading up to and preceding it. unless there are identified archaeological remains or evidence of structures created prior to or during It is perhaps surprising that there is no formal recog- the battle. There are however a number of nition for The Battle site within Scotland's existing Scheduled Ancient Monuments on and around the legislative framework. The existing legislation cov- site of The Battle, including: ering historic sites is contained principally within the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Preston Market Cross: (Scotland) Act 1997 and the Ancient Monuments A very fine structure, which was once the centre of and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. the town but is now rather isolated.

Historic Scotland is currently preparing an Inventory Preston Tower: of significant Scottish battle sites and Prestonpans The remains of a large 15th Century tower house, will be included in this. The new document, which which was extensively altered in the 17th Century should be available by early 2007, will identify sites and subsequently superseded, following a fire, by and outline boundaries within which development Preston House. should be controlled. Responsibility for the imple- mentation of these controls will however rest with Tranent Tower: the Local Authorities, since the existing legislation Ruinous remains of a late 16th Century tower- does not allow for the Scheduling of sites where house. there are no identifiable physical remains. Birsley Brae: The site on which the Jacobite army camped and looked out over the Government army on the day before The Battle. The Scheduled site however relates to far earlier, medieval, coal working.

Seton Mains: The largest of the Scheduled sites in the area, an extensive part of the Battle site has been scheduled as a result of the discovery of crop markings indicating prehistoric enclosures and settlements. Although unrelated to the battle itself this designation gives protection to much of The Battle site. Additional Scheduling may include the waggonway and associated 18th century walls.

THE LOCAL PLAN

The use of land is also covered by The Town and Country Planning Act (Scotland) 1997. This Act places responsibility for most of its implementation on Local Authorities. East Lothian Council is respon- 2 Detail from Map of the Battles of Pinkie (1547) and Prestonpans (1745) sible for Prestonpans and, like Historic Scotland, has ©National Library of Scotland. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. a will to protect the Battle Site. The Current Local Plan does not however specifically identify the Action: LISTED BUILDINGS open site or area covered by the Power Station fuel plant as being important as a Historic Site, although Conduct a thorough survey of The designation of a building for Listing depends it would be covered by the Council's general Policy largely on its architectural merit, its age and any on control of development affecting archaeologi- features and buildings of sig- associations with historic events or characters. As cal sites. The site should however be clearly identi- nificance and clearly identify far as can be determined there are no standing fied in any future amendments to the Local Plan buildings within The Battle site which date from the and efforts made to provide protection to it, in line and protect the battle site. time of The Battle although there are buildings with- with historic Scotland's forthcoming Inventory. in the area encompassed by the troop move- ments and wider action relating to The Battle. Most of these are now listed. The principal Listed Buildings, which are relevant to The Battle, are:

Cockenzie House and Great Barn: Category A Listed house and associated structures.

Cockenzie Harbour: Category B listed harbour structure, extensively scheduled ancient monuments rebuilt but retaining some of its earlier fabric and form. listed buildings

Seton House: gardens and designed landscapes Category A Listed house and policies, built after The Battle in 1789 but incorporating remains and elements from Seton Palace. The small estate vil- lage of Seton is illustrated on early maps of The Battle but little early 18th Century fabric seems to remain.

Bankton House: Category A Listed house, which at the time of the battle was owned by Colonel Gardiner and called Olive Bank.

Prestonpans Parish Church: Category A Listed church, within the town itself. There are monuments to some of those who fell within the cemetery.

Tranent Parish Church: Category A Listed church, which featured directly in the events of the day before The Battle. Government troops fired on Jacobites within the Churchyard and Colonel Gardiner was taken to the Church Manse, where he died, after The Battle. The Church has been extensively rebuilt but the Churchyard and many 18th Century monuments remain.

Tranent Doocot: Category B Listed doocot, which is adjacent to the Church. There are probably other, unrecognised, buildings in the area which played a part, albeit small, in The Battle. Amongst these are the remain- ing stone stores or offices at Cockenzie Harbour and structures and walls around Tranent Church. A thorough survey of the area should be undertaken and a list of buildings contemporary to The Battle prepared, with recommendations for potential Listing. 1 OS map locating the positions for listed buildings and scheduled monuments. Birsley Brae is located just to the south off the map. © Crown Copyright/database right 2006. An Ordnance Survey/Digimap supplied service. 2 site analysis Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

Site analysis 1 trainline lower traffic volume road The site of the battle proposes a unique opportuni- high traffic volume road ty to promote and safeguard the heritage of existing high voltage overhead powelines/ pylons Prestonpans. existing power station conveyor belt from coal store to power station The first step towards establishing a strategy for the existing built urban edge future is to identify the issues which undermine coal store location accessibility and obstruct connections to the site, embankments segregating landscape both in terms of its physical presence, within the Blindwells development edge urban context, but also in terms of its past and his- fragmented urban edge torical significance. Providing connections to the site of the battle and the surrounding areas and acting decisively to remedy the problems which render it a fragment- ed landscape at present, is also an issue of health and safety. The high voltage power lines, com- bined with the array of successive barriers segre- gating one patch of public space from the other, break the continuity of landscape and create an unwelcoming atmosphere.

fractured landscape

disparate patches of inaccessible Action: land Provide design solutions to over- lines of transportation dominating area come problems of access and fragmentation of the battle site.

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5 1 Diagram highlighting the problematic aspects of the site and illustrating the fragmentation of the landscape.

2 View East along the trainline from Prestonpans train station. Crossing from one side to the other is only feasible accross three points within a 1km distance.

3 View to the Northwest along the wagon-way. The stone wall, the condition of the terrain along with train track with wagon loads of coal discard any reference to the the bat- tle site.

4 The powerstation coupled with the coal store embank- ments create dominating barriers.

5 Descending from Tranent, view to the North walking along the path leading to the bing.

6 The A1 is a deep cut into the landscape, creating discon- tinuous zones of land. There is nothing besides the bing to invite interest in the site. The site requires more direct sign- fiers of its historical significance.

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3 curing scars Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

Curing Scars proposed shared surface roads The Battle was fought over land that had been existing embankements to be removed shaped and used by man for both agricultural and proposed structure tree planting to restore landscape industrial purposes. The area had been farmed for 35m contour enabling bridge crossing many hundreds of years and the Scheduled ring ditch sites relate to defended prehistoric agricultur- proposed reinstated wagon-way to tramline al settlement. The land also produced surface out- stitch existing cut created by raline to coal store crops of coal and this was exploited from medieval desired connection lines times onwards. The early mining at Birsley Braes is now a Scheduled Ancient Monument and the boundary for proposed Blindwells development Waggonway was built to transport the coal extract- unified fields restored to agricultural use (corn?) ed around Tranent, taking it to the coast for ship- adjacent land/ agricultural use ment and for use in the production of salt. The bog to the south of The Battle site was probably one of location of Col. Gardiner Thorn tree memorial the few areas of unused land in the area.

At present the site of The Battle is used for modern new tram/ wagon-way agriculture, for the delivery, storage and processing line of coal for Cockenzie Power Station and is partly derelict. The main road from Tranent has also been partly elevated over the site and partly re- aligned onto the bed of the Waggonway. apple tree belt to be Ownership of the site is split. inserted

The consolidation of the site of The Battle must be completed if it is to be protected and presented. This does not necessarily mean that the site must all be within single ownership, although that would probably be an advantage, rather that it should be managed in a co-ordinated way. Thorn tree

It would be neither sensible nor practical to present the site as it was on the 21st September 1745. The Battle fields had recently been cut and the conflict Blindwells was fought over stubble, cut through by the ribbon of The Waggonway and possibly also pock-marked by pre industrial coal extraction. It would however Battle-centre 35m contour be possible to re-instate 18th Century manage- location ment of the land, following an annual pattern and culminating, each year, with the presentation of the site once again as it was during The Battle. The opportunity to present the Waggonway must also be taken and perhaps also to present something of the pre industrialised coal extraction process.

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2 1 Thorn-tree, Prestonpans This image was made from a sepia photograph, itself a copy of an original made in 1854. The tree in the picture was held to mark the centre of the battlefield of Prestonpans in 1745. ©East Lothian Library Service. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

2 Sheaves of grain before harvest.

3 Colliery plan showing underground workings This is part of the final plan of Prestongrange Colliery show- ing the extent of the workings in the Five Foot Seam after it was last worked in 1953. ©East Lothian Museums Service. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

4 Grain fields after harvest. Sheaves were organised into stooks and punctuated the landscape. This is what the battle site might have looked like in 1745.

Action: 4 Consolidate ownership of the site - at least in terms of management. Present the area in an environmen- tally sound and historically sympa- thetic way. 4 powerstation Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

Power Station high voltage powerlines to be installed underground

Cockenzie Power Station was built in 1968, on land power-station components to be removed previously occupied by one of the many 19th cen- tury coal mines in the area and partly reclaimed powerstation main building facilities from the Firth of Forth. It can generate1,200 MW, coal store to be removed consuming approximately 1.5m tonnes of coal a year. This coal is brought in by road and rail and is processed and stored at the fuel handling plant. An overhead conveyor system takes the fuel to the station, across the road between Cockenzie and Prestonpans.

While the Generating Station is north of the area involved in The Battle the fuel handling plant, bund- ed storage compound and rail link all occupy land over which The Battle itself was fought. These facil- ities, which are vital to the operation of the existing Power Station, have a major effect on the remain- ing Battle Site today. The Power Station transmission lines, which are carried on steel pylons, cut through the site both to the west and east of the wag- gonway. The pylons also disrupt views in and out of the site.

The Power Station is an important part of the local economy and community and is a significant landmark. It is however ageing and its existence in its current form is uncertain. Its coal burning lifes- pan is unlikely to extend beyond 2015 and may be shorter. This raises the possibility that the land cur- rently occupied by the fuel processing plant and the rail link could be released and restored as part of The Battle site. The current electricity transmis- sion lines could also become redundant, reduced or perhaps realigned, removing or reducing their visual impact. But what of the Power Station itself? Perhaps the site will be redeveloped for a new use or perhaps it will take on a new future, reflecting the growing need for environmentally sustainable power.

1 5 1 The pelamis wave energy generators used on the Firth of Forth. http://www.oceanpd.com 2 Solar cells An affluent source of energy in Scotland where there is plenty of ambient light. 3 Panoramic view of current day Prestonpans from the top of the bing. The high voltage powerlines interrupt the view and blight the landscape. 4 Proposed panoramic view of Prestonpans from the top of the bing. In this photomontage the pylons have been removed allowing an uninterrupted appreciation of the views to the sea. 5 Aeolic power Ideal for the location given its proximity to the sea and the high average wind speeds. Image of the wind propelled fins.

2 new structure planting restoring historic landscape solar cell units extend jetty to incorporate wind farm aeolic, wind-power turbines

tidal energy power generators prevalent wind direction average wind speed 50 m/s powerstation shadow

1km

Action: Make sure the battle site is taken into consideration when the powerstation is decommissioned and the pelamis wave land redeveloped and in the power generators interim work with Scottish Power to improve all impacts.

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5 waggon way Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

Waggonway restored historic wagon way historic timber bridge accross marshy land Coal mining has been important to Prestonpans existing trainline/ road and its surroundings since at least medieval times. proposed new wagonway/tram stops The Birsley Braes mining site is one of the country's new proposed battlecentre earliest and the well known 18th century ballad transform to humanised shared surface road Johnny Copes makes specific reference to the path of highlander march coals. Industrialisation on a new scale took place in the early years of the century one of the most significant aspects of this renewed development was the construction, by The York Building Company in 1722, of a timber Waggonway linking the mines in Tranent with Cockenzie Harbour. 5 Cockenzie The Tranent to Cockenzie Waggonway was one of 4 the first of its type and probably consisted of a rel- atively simple timber way, on which full hopper wagons were guided downhill. The wagons were then hitched to a horse, which would pull the lighter load back up to the mine. The Battle was fought directly over the northern section of this structure. 3 Subsequent development in the 19th century led to the introduction of a more recognisable railway line over the waggonway but its bed and align- ment remain.

There is much interest in the early history of rail wagonway timber bridge location transport in Britain, which led the way in industriali- 2 sation, and the waggonway is undoubtedly an important remnant of this. It is however currently Battle-centre unprotected, unmarked and poorly understood. An opportunity exists to provide protection to this significant site, to offer interpretation of its use and importance and to restore at least a section or section of it, perhaps directly across the repaired 1 Tranent battle site.

1 2 1 Tipperty Tile Works wagon-way, Aberdeenshire ©Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

2 The wagonway at Prestonpans October 2000 ©East Lothian Museums Service. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

3 Hand Shunting Wagon with Rope, c. 1900 ©North Lanarkshire Council. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

4 On the route of the Tranent Cockenzie wagon way This photograph was taken from the bridge in Tranent, over- looking the mineral railway during the 1930s. The latter was operating as early as 1722, running coal from Tranent to Cockenzie Harbour. As railways spread in the nineteenth century, the track bed was eventually incorporated in the network of mineral railways servicing East Lothian collieries. ©East Lothian Museums Service. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

5 Caledonian Canal, Plan Of A Plateway-Wagon, C1812 Rhodes designed these wagons and worked on the Caledonian until its opening in 1822. ©British Waterways. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

Action:

Protect, interpret and restore the 5 waggonway, especially where it intersects the battlefield.

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6 4 3 of suchacentre. mous advantagesasthesite 'Bing' monumentoffersenor- access forall. Theexisting battle area, withyear-round the interpretationofwhole and engagingvisitorcentrefor designed Create apowerfully Action: what couldbeachieved... development butwecanatleastspeculateabout andengaging. Thiswillrequirecareful powerful The opportunityexiststocreatesomethingreally other locallysignificantlocaleventsandsites. bing couldofferinterpretationforTheBattleand Flexibility: ularly pertinent. of amonumentformedfromminingspoilispartic- coal workingsandoverthewaggonway. There-use Associations: of thefulldevelopmentTheBattlefromitspeak. and presentsanopportunityfortheinterpretation Visibility: through theformationofanewraisedlink. and paths. Pedestrian accesscouldbeimproved Access: not onthearchaeologicallysensitivesiteitself. Proximity: advantages overotherlocations: nity todevelopanewVisitorCentrewithseveralkey of thisexistingmonumentcouldofferanopportu- into apyramidalmonumentin1975.Improvement directly tothesouthofTheBattlesite, wassculpted ble toall. Theformercoalwashingplantbing, focus forvisitors. Thesefacilitiesshouldbeaccessi- clear descriptionsoftheeventsandsitea much improvedfacilities, offeringbasicservices, only reallybeachievedthroughtheintroductionof awareness andunderstandingofTheBattlecan threaten theintegrityofsite. Increasingpublic interpretation isalsoimportant. Thiscouldinitself It undoubtedlyrequiresprotectionandrepairbutits The siteofBattleremainsanevocativeplace. Battle Centre The bing is served byexistingaccessroads The bingisserved The bingisclearlyvisibleasalandmark The bingisclosetoBattlesitebut A BattleCentrehousedinoraroundthe The Battlewasfoughtaroundthe Memorial Thorn Tree existing playingfields space museum memorial separates the bridges and The wall 2 1 Prestonpans Heritage Campaign boundary Preston Housewall reinstated cornfield of battle ing totheremnatnts wall fragmentsallud- ture tobattle-centre wagon-way bridgeformsarma- wagon waystop reception podfor Proposed sketch planofbattlecentre 4 aerialviewofPrestonpans withthebattlecentreas Wide 3 sketch drawing. Preliminary 2 Aerialview 1 Ltd. Licensorwww.scran.ac.uk. Midlothian, fromMay1977.©TheScotsmanPublications 1970s andthecolourphtoiscurrent. AerialofPrestonpans, Prestonpans. Theblackandwhiteaerialphotoisfromthe the matrixofaperspectivallyprojectedmap This imagescomprisestwoaerialphotosembeddedinto a focalpoint. and battle-sitefacingNorth. Proposed battle-centreinthecontextofsurroundings battlecentre 7 route Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

Route lines of possible/desired connection accross Seton West land route section demarkating the path of Highlanders march Perhaps one of the most curious features about the events leading up to and following The Battle of route section demarkating flight of Redcoats Prestonpans is the circular nature of the progression wagon-way of the two armies. The Government and Jacobite troops approached each other from the east and Highlanders positions to form scots pine structure planting west respectively and, over the hours of the actual Readcoats’ positions to form English Plain structure planting engagement, intertwined and looped around each other before returning to their origin. Location of legendary Thorn tree proposed route stops, kiosks/ follies It is still possible to follow most of this route and the proposed restoration of historic landscape trees natural starting point for the loop is Birsley Brae, to the west of Tranent. Here Charles Edward Stuart's Bankton house army camped and the Prince himself stood and Burial place for killed in Battle of Prestonpans surveyed the Government army in the fields below. proposed restoration for Bankton House wall edge to battle site From Birsley Brae the Jacobite army moved first historic location for Riggingheads mains east to Tranent Church and, eventually during the proposed restoration of cornfield night before The Battle, east and north over proposed shared street zone Rigginghead to form in battle lines west of Seton. The two sides fought for a relatively brief time before the Government troops were forced to retreat further west where their flight was hindered by the walls of Preston and Bankton Houses. The much reduced and distressed army was then led south by General Cope, past Bankton House, up to

Birsley Braes from where it marched back to 6 Dunbar.

For several years a local amateur historian, Peter Historic Landscape McKenzie, has led an annual tour around this route. markings markings These tours, held on the anniversary of The Battle, k offer one of the few existing opportunities for inter- pretation of the events. j 5 Preston It is of course possible to follow much of the route wall l Rigging around Prestonpans unguided but the guided edge 4 Head route could offer much more were it more acces- i Mains sible, frequent and able to utilise improved inter- Johnie pretation at its stops. The Route of The Battle is an Cope’s important element in understanding the event and flight should form a key element in proposals for Battle- improvement of the site. The paths, roads and a centre stopping points can all be improved and signed 3 and it should also be possible to offer walking, Bankton House b h cycling or vehicle assisted tours using a mix of local Lads from Tranent 2 guides, recorded and interactive media and fixed c interpretation material. f g e d Rigley Hill- initial 1 location of Bonnie Prince Charlie a b Highlanders viewing position

Action: Mark the whole route of the engagement - paths, roads and stopping points used by both armies - creating a guid- c d ed tour accessible on foot, by bike or car, interpreted by fixed signs, interactive media and artworks.

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proposed Route line

New Road- pedestrian pass demarkating Highlander march line

built edge boundary to proposed Blindwells masterplan

proposed golf course boundary

proposed green open spaces

g h edge of development site to east commercial centre to proposed development

high volume roads

lower volume road proposed Route to create a well defined passage line through development

bridge or underpass i j

Blinwellls proposed masterplan

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bridge or underpass 8 art-sculpture-follies Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

4 Follies

The Battle site lies close to Scotland’s capital, with- in 1/2 a mile of the A1 and directly adjacent to the east coast main railway line from London, yet its presence is scarcely registered by the thousands of travellers who pass each day. There is an opportu- nity to mark the site and the events of 1745 through the construction of something monumental: a folly or artwork visible from the site and from the main routes which pass it by. Perhaps there could be several follies, marking the routes of both armies or simply a single sculptural piece, of such scale and form that it becomes a contemporary landmark and reference point in itself. The form which such a work might take should be guided by the events and characters of The Battle and by the place itself.

These illustrations, which have been prepared by Ratho Byres Forge, show how a monument to The 5 Battle might be placed there and illustrate its form: flowing and transparent yet forged from iron and hammered to shape.

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3 1 Headgear, now demolished, above upcast shaft at, Prestonlinks Colliery, Prestonpans, East Lothian ©Scottish Mining Museum. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

2 Model for Watchtower designed by Morphosis

3 Folly at Parc de la Villete in Paris designed by Bernard Tchumi.

4 Sculptural sketch model at scale. Bonny prince Charlie at Baisley Brae designed by P. Johnson and Co.- Ratho Byres Forge.

5 Metal sculpture Floral Trumpets; Cadzow Glen Hamilton designed by P. Johnson and Co.- Ratho Byres Forge.

6 Photo-montage placing the art in context...

4 Action: Create dramatic and historically signifi- cant artworks and follies to act as land- marks, pleasing to the community and visible to road and rail users attracting and directing visitors to the battle site. 9 ports Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

Ports 1

The Battle was fought just half a mile from the shores of the Firth of Forth. The majority of Cope's 1 Cockenzie fishwives ©East Lothian Library Service. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. army had embarked at Dunbar harbour before 2 Fishermen's Walk at Cockenzie Harbour marching to Prestonpans. There are however three The fishing communities of Cockenzie and Port Seton tradi- harbours adjacent to The Battle site and those har- tionally held a 'Box Walk' on the third Friday of September, on the return of the local fleet. bours have shaped the communities in ©East Lothian Library Service. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. Prestonpans, Cockenzie and Port Seton. Morrison's 3 Two boats at Morrison's Haven, Prestonpans, East Haven, to the west of Prestonpans, was an impor- Lothian, 1880s - 1910s. ©National Museums of Scotland. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. tant export harbour and served the extensive indus- 4 View of Cockenzie Harbour, looking towards Cockenzie try around Prestongrange. It declined with the Power Station manufacturing industries themselves and was ©East Lothian Library Service. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. eventually back filled, somewhat ironically using 5 Little ships in Cockenzie harbour, forming a flotilla to accompany the 'Royal Barge' of the Gala Queen at the waste from the mining which had led to its con- 1957 Cockenzie and Port Seton Gala Day struction. Cockenzie harbour was almost certainly ©Newsquest (Herald & Times). Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. built to transport coal and salt from the mines of 6 Cockenzie fishing harbour Tranent and adjacent salt pans. The construction, ©The Scotsman Publications Ltd. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. in 1722, of the waggonway from Tranent must 7 Building a boat in Cockenzie have increased its profitability but, like Morrison's Men working inside the frame of a boat at the Cockenzie Haven, trade declined as the salt industry became Slip and Boatyard Co. in March 1972. ©The Scotsman Publications Ltd. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. less profitable and steam power transformed rail transport. Unlike its neighbour to the west however Cockenzie took on a new life as a fishing harbour and Cockenzie is now known more for fishing than for its original industrial origins. Port Seton harbour probably began its life as a small scale commer- cial port, serving Seton to the south. The original harbour was all but destroyed in a storm but it was rebuilt, in the 1880s, with the support of the Earl of Wemyss and March as part of a venture to capi- talise on the success of the fishing fleet at Cockenzie. Port Seton remains a fishing harbour still, although it may no longer be as crowded as it was in the late 1800s. The maritime links of the communities around Prestonpans are still strong. Cockenzie and Port Seton retain working harbours and the remains of Morrison's Haven have more Action: recently been exposed. The harbours are as much a part of the settlements as the industry from which Preserve and interpret the harbour they arose and their preservation and interpreta- tion to visitors could now assist with the regenera- areas to assist with regeneration. tion of the towns.

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10 Prestonpans Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

Prestonpans 1 2

The Battle of Prestonpans. It would be unusual and surprising to hear anybody now calling "The Battle" by any other name but this was not so in 1745. The Battle became famous, or perhaps infamous, very shortly after it took place and several of the sur- rounding settlements were keen to claim it as theirs. Prestonpans, rightly, eventually won the hon- our of the title. In the early 18th Century however the town was itself split into the two settlements of Preston, an old Burgh overlooking the Firth of Forth and Prestonpans, its industrialising neighbour directly on the shore.

Preston and latterly Prestonpans both grew and prospered because of coal and its associated industries, including salt panning, pottery produc- tion, brewing and the import trade which derived from these rich exports. The town, as well as nearby Cockenzie and Tranent, all thrived on coal and have suffered since its production declined and eventually stopped. The Battle of Prestonpans could however offer a small assistance, bringing 3 people to the area and providing employment in improved facilities. It could also help to rally sup- port for a common cause and in doing so to raise both awareness of the importance of the site and respect for the community. Action: Prestonpans is a town with a future and its people have not let the decline of its industry defeat them. Boost respect for the community There is an active and supportive community with lots of will to capitalise on the heritage of the town. through its stewardship of this The arts are playing a key role at present with the many murals now recognised internationally. The important aspect of Scotland's repaired Gothenburg Bar is at the centre of the arts renaissance and a percentage of its takings is heritage and provide increased given directly to a charitable community arts festi- val. Visitors can also tour many of the buildings local employment opportunities which formed the core of Preston at the time of The and a basis for ancillary services, Battle. The economy should only benefit from increased interest and visitors. including a themed hotel/motel.

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5 1 Totem Pole Carved from a Cemainus Red Ceder and unveiled during the 2006 Global Murals Conference celebrations. The Totem tells stories from Prestonpans' past, including The Battle and the many industries that have shaped the town. 2 Hamilton House and Preston Hamilton House was built in 1626 for John Hamilton and is now owned by The National Trust for Scotland. 3 The Burns Shelter Mural 3a Painted by Kate Hunter in 2004 and depicting scenes from Tam O' Shanter. ©Linda Sneddon. 4 The Shore The remains of the several salt workings, potteries and breweries can still be seen, while sections of sea wall have been added to the town's impressive and growing murals trail. 5 The Prestoungrange Gothenburg The Goth' was built in 1908 and was recently re-opened, after an award winning restoration, on Gothenburg Principals. A substantial part of the income is re-invested in the Prestoungrange Arts Festival. 6 Preston Tower All that remains of the extensive 15-17th century tower which, by the time of The Battle, had been abandoned in favour of the nearby Preston House. 7 The Power Station Mural Painted by local artist Andrew Crummy, celebrating the Community and Industry of Prestonpans and Cockenzie.©Linda Sneddon.

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11 industry Prestonpans Heritage Campaign Prestonpans

Industry 1

Coal is at the heart of Prestonpans. It was certain- ly mined in the area during medieval times and may have been extracted from surface outcrops for local use before then. During the 18th and 19th Centuries the increasing industrialisation of Scotland led to a huge increase in demand for coal and its extraction from deeper and less accessible seams became possible. Transportation remained a major cost to industrial processes and it was natural that the industries which required coal would grow around the point of its extraction. The earliest of such processes included the boiling of sea water to extract salt and the firing of pottery products, for which the clay itself could be mined in close proximity to the coal. At Prestonpans other industries also devel- oped, including brewing, chemical production and brick making. The decline of mining in the area, during the mid 20th century, led to an inevitable decline in all of the other processes and businesses which depended on it as a source of fuel. There are now no potteries, salt pans or large scale breweries in Prestonpans but the heritage of these industries is helping to fuel renewed interest in the town.

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5 1 Colliery and beehive brick kilns, Prestongrange Colliery, Prestonpans, East Lothian ©Scottish Mining Museum. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

2 Mine surveyor's level ©East Lothian Museums Service. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

3&719th century view of miners and their families at Prestonlinks Colliery, Prestonpans, East Lothian ©Scottish Mining Museum. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

4 Horse bus at Prestonpans ©East Lothian Library Service. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

5 Miners outside Prestonpans Colliery during the General Strike of 1926 ©Hulton Getty. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk.

6 Field with stooks

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