DOCSLIB.ORG

Development of Nautical Tourism in Cyprus AJ. Rogan, Ch.G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development of Nautical Tourism in Cyprus AJ. Rogan, Ch.G Transactions on the Built Environment vol 8, © 1995 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 Development of nautical tourism in Cyprus AJ. Rogan, Ch.G. Antonopoulos Rogan Associates Consulting Engineers-Architects, 9 Valetta Street, GR 15771 Zografos, Athens, Greece ABSTRACT Cyprus, a well established tourist destination, is seeking to sustain a competitive edge relative to other popular destinations by promoting a policy for the upgrading and diversification in the range of attractions available to visitors. In this sense, Marinas and related nautical tourism infrastructure appeal to the requirements of a qualitative improvement of the tourism product. Based on market research, a detailed master plan for the development and successful operation of Marinas and yacht harbours for tourism purposes was proposed. The master plan took into account all existing infrastructure, including commercial and fishing shelters and proposed a comprehensive development plan to cover the whole Cyprus coastline, taking into account urban and regional development plans as well as environmental aspects. According to the results of the market research on the existing situation and the future demand in berthing spaces along the whole coastline of the island, some 4,800 berths for yachts will be needed by the year 2013. In order to satisfy this demand, the creation of eight medium and large scale Marinas is proposed. For this series of recommended projects, priorities have been set, based on their feasibility, their degree of contribution towards the development of nautical tourism and on the market considerations. The strategy of development of nautical tourism facilities in Cyprus has been approved by the Minister's Council of Cyprus in March 1994. Transactions on the Built Environment vol 8, © 1995 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 26 Marina 1. MACROECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS The economy of Cyprus has been growing at a satisfactory rate in recent years and, in spite of the many problems created by the occupation of a substantial proportion of the country since 1974 (including some of the major economic and tourism centers), appears today as one of the most robust in Eastern Mediterranean. Compared to other countries in Eastern Mediterranean, to European Union member countries and to U.S.A. and Japan, Cypriot economy is the most dynamic, its rate of growth exceeding those of all other countries. In addition, per capita Gross National Product is second only to Israel in Eastern Mediterranean, ahead of Portugal and near that of Ireland and Spain. Composition of Gross Domestic Product by sector in 1990 and rates of growth of GDP clearly exhibit the significance of the Trade-Restaurants- Hotels sector. Approximately 45% of value added of the Trade- Restaurants-Hotels sector, is attributed to the Restaurants-Hotels sub-sector, indicative of the level of importance of tourism. The population of Cyprus at the end of 1990 was 706,900 persons. Of these, 575,000 persons (81% of the total) lived in government controlled areas. The annual rate of growth of the population in the period 1980-1990 was 1.1%. 2. TOURISM DEMAND AND SUPPLY Tourism is developing into a major sector of economic and social life of Cyprus, growing at rates higher than those of most other sectors. Thus, analysis of the main characteristics of this sector provided insight on potential impacts of the development of leisure boating in the country (to a large extent, tourism-related activity). The main characteristics of tourism activity in Cyprus are as follows: • The number of arrivals of foreign visitors in Cyprus has been increasing steadily in the last 15 years, at the very high rate of 16%. • Gross receipts from foreign tourists in 1990 was 125% higher than total exports of goods of the country at that year. • The vast majority of foreign tourists arriving to and departing from Cyprus come and go by air. • Tourists arriving in Cyprus individually have a tendency to spend more time in the country. Transactions on the Built Environment vol 8, © 1995 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 Marina 27 The capacity of tourism establishments in Cyprus has been growing steadily in the period 1984-1990, albeit at rates lower than those of arrivals of tourists or overnights spent. The greatest proportion of tourist accommodation establishments is concentrated in Ayia Napa and Paralimni areas, followed by Limassol and Paphos Districts. Data and information presented hereabove form the basis for assessment of potential for development and impacts of the development of leisure harbours in the country as a whole. Impacts, however, of supply of and demand for leisure harbour facilities are particularly strong at the local scale as well. The size of these impacts depends on the types and size of facilities offered. 3. TOURISM POLICY The general guidelines of the new tourism policy currently in force provide for an upgrading of the quality of services and product offered and the protection of the natural environment. The new tourism policy focuses on four policy areas: - marketing of the tourist product - tourist development control - enrichment of the tourist product - improvement of infrastructure, superstructure and protection of the environment The specific goals of the new tourism policy in terms of the marketing of the tourist product are: • To slow down the growth of mass tourism and the attraction of high quality tourism. • To further develop special interest tourism. • To further develop conference and incentive travel tourism. • To encourage selective tourism • To differentiate the markets. In the above context, the development of nautical tourism will certainly contribute to the enrichment and broadening of the tourist product as it will attract relatively high income/high spending yachtmen from abroad and also contribute to the development of the home market. 4. TOURISM PROSPECTS The prospects of tourism in Cyprus are based on the favourable natural and cultural assets (mild climate, clean beaches, sites of interest, etc.), on the Transactions on the Built Environment vol 8, © 1995 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 28 Marina quality of accommodation and services provided in Cyprus and on the broader patterns of tourism growth in the region. Already the Mediterranean accounts for one third of international tourism. International and national tourism are the most dynamic ecomomic activities in the area with a strong influence on local economic development. Tourism in the region has two distinctive characteristics: it is concentrated on the coastal zone in spite of efforts to diffuse it and is strongly seasonal in character. All scenarios for the future, even the more pessimistic ones, foresee a significant increase of tourism in the Mediterranean reaching 2 to 4 times the existing numbers of tourists (UNEP/United Nations Environment Programme- Blue Plan for the Mediterranean). Such increases are expected due to broader socioeconomic patterns of change which affect the propensity of people to travel. In conclusion, within this context of international developments, Tourism is today and will continue to be in future, increasingly so, a major source of income and employment in Cyprus. Thus, the development of nautical tourism will contribute to the overall improvement of quality and range of tourism supply and demand. 5. NAUTICAL TOURISM IN EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN In relation to nautical tourism, the Eastern Mediterranean region consists mainly of the following countries: Greece, Turkey and Israel. The greek share in the nautical tourism activities in the Mediterranean is estimated at around 3.2%, taking into consideration the berthing places offered in leisure harbours along the greek coasts. In spite of some weak features, nautical tourism in Greece shows an important development, mainly due to: • the mild weather conditions that attracts yachtmen. Even during the summer period when northerly winds blow over the greek seas, yachting is possible due to the presence of a multitude of islands and coastal creeks that offer good protection in case of sudden storms. • the variety of cultural attractions (archaelogical sites, museums, festivals etc.) • the variety of natural resources. Transactions on the Built Environment vol 8, © 1995 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 Marina 29 The turkish share in the nautical tourism activities in the Mediterranean is estimated at 1.8%, taking into account the number of berths available in the leisure ports along the Mediterranean coast. This is a rough estimation given that figures for the capacity of ports around the Mediterranean include berths in old and new ports, small and large ports, ports where berthing is very expensive and ports where berthing is free. The Israeli market share in nautical tourism in the Mediterranean is estimated at 0.50%. Israel's strategic location near the exit of the Suez Canal, makes its ports very attractive for yachtmen having negotiated the Suez Canal or for those who prepare to do so. 6. EXISTING LEISURE HARBOURS IN CYPRUS The main organized nautical tourism facilities (Marinas) in Cyprus today are the Larnaca and Limassol Sheraton Marinas. In addition, various commercial and fishing ports attract leisure boats, foremost among them being the Limassol Old Port, the Paphos port and Latzi. * Larnaca Marina was constructed in 1973 and became fully operational in 1976. Today it is operated by the Cyprus Tourism Organization. It covers a total area of about 190,000 m2 and is fully protected from most weather conditions. The depth of the water varies between 1.5 and 5 m. The design capacity of the marina was 203 berths. Today's capacity is around 300 berths in the water and 200 places on land (dry storage)total of 500 places. # The Sheraton Marina is operated by the respective hotel, located near Limassol.The marina was privately constructed with a lease of 99 years from the Government and became operational in 1986. It has a berthing capacity of 227 vessels,with, in addition, storage on land for 20 boats (capacity often exceeded in recent years, due to increased demand).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cyprus: a Divided Island. Economic and Demographic Gaps Between North and South As a Result of the Unsolved Conflict Between Cypriot Communities
    UDK: 32:379.8(564.3) COBISS: 1.08 Cyprus: a divided island. Economic and demographic gaps between North and South as a result of the unsolved conflict between Cypriot Communities. Daniela Lombardi Dipartimento di Economia Societa e Territorio, Universita degli Studi di Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 1-33100 Udine, Italy Abstract The subject of this work is the Cyprus problem. The Greek and Turkish conflict on the island has given rise to far-reaching geopolitical transformations. An analysis of the economic and demographic imbalances of the country have been brought to our attention. The northern, Turkish part of Cyprirs, is not recognized by the inter- national community and has to struggle for its survival, whereas the southern, Greek part is flourishing. Demographic and economic figures, in particular related to tourism, are analyzed. The Greek side of the island has experienced territorial transformations more profound than those occurring on the Turkish side and has paid a higher price in terms of environment pressure. Tourism is causing a con- stant rise of land prices. Tourism, then, worsens the problem of water shortage and is directly responsible of coast erosion. The problems on the Turkish side are dif- ferent. Tourism is still of no major importance, although a recovery of the structures abandoned after the war was started. However, the »TRNC« has been isolated on an international level and has been an off limits area for foreign tourists. For this reason, a change in the geopolitical realities, which caused the protracted stale- mate, will likely affect developments in the tourist sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Tourism on Local Residents: Environmental and Socioeconomic Effects
    IMPACT OF TOURISM ON LOCAL RESIDENTS: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS Jonathan Warner, Sevgin Akis, and Nicos Peristianis Abstract An increasing number of countries, among them many within the Mediterranean, have turned to tourism as a way of providing employment, increasing national income, and avoiding current account deficits. As resorts developed, a realization began to grow in some of the more developed areas that tourism was a mixed blessing, and that, for some people at least, the benefits of tourism might be out• weighed by the costs. Results from a larger comparative study of the impacts of tourism on two com• munities: Ayia Napa/Paralimni in the southern part of Cyprus (among Greek Cypriot residents), and Kyrenia in the northern part (among Turkish Cypriots). Evidence suggests that the prevailing attitude is that socio-economic and envi• ronmental costs of development must be accepted for the greater overall wealth of both local residents and of Cyprus as a whole. In view of the economic advantages of tourism, and the lack of awareness of the less-evident environmental costs, it is not surprising that there is little concern over any negative effects of tourism development, even if these may jeopardize the long• term viability of the economic development of the island. Given that the possibili• ties for sustainable, alternative tourism have yet largely to be explored, the need to change attitudes is paramount, if Cyprus is not to end up as yet another over-devel• oped Mediterranean island. Introduction: Tourism in Cyprus Tourism in Cyprus developed rapidly in the 1960's, as reliable and cheap air transport became available.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Tourism on the Sociocultural Structure of Cyprus
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Impact of Tourism on the Sociocultural Structure of Cyprus Spanou, Elena Intercollege 3 June 2006 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25392/ MPRA Paper No. 25392, posted 24 Sep 2010 15:04 UTC TOURISMOS: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF TOURISM Volume 2, Number 1, Spring 2007, pp. 145-162 THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON THE SOCIOCULTURAL STRUCTURE OF CYPRUS Elena Spanou 1 Intercollege This paper is based on evaluating tourism development in Cyprus, a European nation, and its impacts on the socio-cultural structure of the island. The principal concern of this research is aid in sustaining the resource base on which the tourism development in Cyprus depends on. The paper concludes that in spite of all the negative and positive impacts of tourism on Cyprus it is not yet clear whether the benefits outweigh the costs. The reason for this uncertainty is that most of the research is done on an estimate as there is no empirical data available as yet to support either side of the equation. Keywords: sustainability, carrying capacity, natural resources, agro-tourism INTRODUCTION The impact of tourism on the host destination is an area that has been greatly researched by many tourism related authors. Tourism can have both positive and negative impact on the host destination’s socio-cultural structure. This presents a challenge to decision makers in regard to the type of tourism that a destination is trying to attract, in order to determine whether the gains to some within the community outweigh the losses to others.
    [Show full text]
  • (FDI) in the Tourism Sector of Northern Cyprus
    Journal of Hospitality Financial Management The Professional Refereed Journal of the International Association of Hospitality Financial Management Educators Volume 13 Issue 1 Article 21 2005 The Extent of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the Tourism Sector of Northern Cyprus Okan Veli Şafakli Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/jhfm Recommended Citation Şafakli, Okan Veli (2005) "The Extent of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the Tourism Sector of Northern Cyprus," Journal of Hospitality Financial Management: Vol. 13 : Iss. 1 , Article 21. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/jhfm/vol13/iss1/21 This View Point is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Hospitality Financial Management by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EXTENT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS (FDI) IN THE TOURISM SECTOR OF NORTHERN CYPRUS Okan Veli Şafakli ABSTRACT Amidst the clamor of unstable political and economic developments, unrecognized political status and embargos by several countries, the foreign investment climate in Northern Cyprus is extremely challenging. Within the tourism sector of Northern Cyprus, foreign investments are quite rare and are channeled in favor of bigger, more established operations. This study examines the extent of foreign direct investments (FDI) for the tourism sector of Northern Cyprus and recommends ways to optimize the economic value of such investments. Findings reveal that the economic value of FDI in Northern Cyprus could be optimized either by further strengthening the region’s current integration with Turkey, or by adopting the European Union route for its economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Travellers Handbook- Cyprus
    www.visitcyprus.com C Y P R U S T R AV E L L E R S H A N D B O O K EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT YOUR STAY IN CYPRUS 1 CYPRUS TOURISM ORGANISATION C Y P R U S T R AV E L L E R S H A N D B O O K The Travellers Handbook is intended to offer the holidaymaker and visitor valuable information about the island, in order to get the most out of their stay in Cyprus. This Handbook is designed to assist to the planning of a trip to Cyprus and to offer information, that will make one’s stay a most pleasant and enjoyable one. MAY YOUR VISIT IN CYPRUS BE A MEMORABLE ONE Cyprus Online: www.visitcyprus.com The Official Website of the Cyprus Tourism Organisation provides comprehensive information on the major attractions of Cyprus, complete with maps, updated calendar of events, detailed hotel guide, downloadable photos and suggested itineraries. You will also find lists of tour operators selling Cyprus, information on conferences and incentives, and a wealth of other useful information. In this leaflet all place names have been converted into Latin characters according to the official System of Transliteration of the Greek alphabet, i.e. LEFKOSIA = NICOSIA LEMESOS = LIMASSOL AMMOCHOSTOS = FAMAGUSTA Notes on pronunciation: ‘ai’: as in English egg ‘oi’, ‘ei’, ‘y’: as in English India 2 ‘ou’: as in English tour TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE General Information on Cyprus . 7-12 Cyprus Tourism Organisation (CTO) . 12 Tourist Information Offices in Cyprus .
    [Show full text]
  • THE CYPRUS REVIEW a Journal of Social, Economic and Political Issues
    V O L U M E 2 2 N U M B E R 2 THE CYPRUS REVIEW A Journal of Social, Economic and Political Issues The Cyprus Review, a Journal of Social, Economic and Political Issues, P.O. Box 24005 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus. Telephone: 22-353702 ext 301, 22-841500 E-mail: [email protected] Telefax: 22-353682, 22-357481, www.unic.ac.cy To access site: > Research > UNic Publications Subscription Office: The Cyprus Review University of Nicosia 46 Makedonitissas Avenue 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus Copyright: © 2010 University of Nicosia, Cyprus. ISSN 1015-2881. All rights reserved. No restrictions on photo-copying. Quotations from The Cyprus Review are welcome, but acknowledgement of the source must be given. TCR Editorial Team Guest Editor: Costas M. Constantinou Editor in Chief: Hubert Faustmann Co-Editors: James Ker-Lindsay Craig Webster Book Reviews Editor: Olga Demetriou Managing Editor: Nicos Peristianis Assistant Editor: Christina McRoy EDITORIAL BOARD V O L U M E 2 2 N U M B E R 2 Costas M. Constantinou University of Nicosia, Cyprus Ayla Gürel Cyprus Centre of International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO) Maria Hadjipavlou University of Cyprus Mete Hatay Cyprus Centre of International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO) Yiannis E. Ioannou University of Cyprus Joseph Joseph University of Cyprus Michael Kammas Director General, Association of Cyprus Commercial Banks Erol Kaymak Political Science Association, Cyprus Diana Markides University of Cyprus Caesar Mavratsas University of Cyprus Farid Mirbagheri University of Nicosia, Cyprus Maria Roussou The Pedagogical Institute of Cyprus / Ministry of Education & Culture, Cyprus Nicos Trimikliniotis Centre for the Study of Migration, Inter-ethnic and Labour Relations/ University of Nicosia and PRIO Cyprus Centre INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD V O L U M E 2 2 N U M B E R 2 Peter Allen John T.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Property Lending Barometer 2020 a Survey of Banks on the Prospects for Real Estate Sector Lending in Europe
    Property Lending Barometer 2020 A survey of banks on the prospects for real estate sector lending in Europe In an effort to show our appreciation of healthcare professionals fighting for people’s lives against the COVID-19 virus, the illustrations in our report are primarily healthcare institutions. kpmg.com Overview of the European Managing impaired Prospects for real estate Opportunities for financing Conclusion Country profiles real estate market loans loan portfolios new real estate projects Andrea Sartori Partner Survey co-ordinator Head of Real Estate in Central & Eastern Europe (CEE) [email protected] Dear Reader, It is my pleasure to present the Property Lending Barometer This report is an analysis of the findings of our survey of 2020, which is the 11th edition of our annual survey of banks’ the leading banks active in the participating countries. real estate financing. This report provides an overview of The 2020 Barometer includes input from over 60 banks, lending market conditions in a range of countries in Europe collected primarily via in-depth interviews and online and gives a separate snapshot of the participating countries questionnaires. Representatives from leading financial to highlight their unique characteristics. institutions have provided their views on the key issues influencing property lending. Our objective with this report is to assess the prospects and sentiment for bank financing in the real estate sector The first part of this report provides an overview of the in Europe, based on interviews conducted with bank European market as a whole, by focusing on key issues such representatives from 11 European countries, with a majority as the strategic importance of real estate financing for banks, of participating banks from jurisdictions in Central and and the proportion of impaired loans.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 SESSION 2: Product Development, Diversification and Innovation
    SESSION 2: Product development, Diversification and Innovation: A Strategic Approach for Developing Sustainable, Quality and Innovative Tourism Products: Ms. Annita DEMETRIADOU, Acting Director General, Cyprus Tourism Organization QUESTIONS: First Question: What is the positioning of Cyprus tourism sector in the national economy? What are the strategic objectives for developing Cyprus to a sustainable tourism destination? Can you brief us on the practices applied by the Cyprus Tourism Organisation towards quality assurance? Does Cyprus have any strategy to diversify its product and improve its competitive advantage? ( apart from sun ,sea and sand) How does Cyprus cope with seasonality issues? 1. What is the positioning of Cyprus tourism sector in the national economy? Tourism has been one of the most important sectors of the Cypriot economy since the 1980s with a high direct and indirect contribution to GDP and employment compared to other EU member states. As such, the sector has been one of the major pillars supporting the effort of the economy towards recovery following the 2013 crisis. The significant growth of the sector fuelled by a rapid increase in tourist arrivals and revenue during the 1980s and 1990s before reaching peak figures in 2001, has been followed by a period of relative stability. Excluding the two exceptional performances in 2000 and 2001, during which arrivals approached 2.7 million in each year, the number of tourists visiting Cyprus since 1999 has generally fluctuated around the 2.4 million mark. In brief, tourist arrivals in 2014 recorded a small 1.5% increase compared to 2013 reaching the 2.42 million mark in tourist arrivals.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Disputes and Consequences on Tourism
    EJTHR 2017; 8(2): 107-116 Research Article Sotiroula Liasidou* Political disputes and consequences on tourism https://doi.org/10.1515/ejthr-2017-0011 and Georgiou 1998, Hall 1994, Altinay 2000, Altinay et al received May 8, 2017; accepted October 10, 2017 2002, Agapiou-Josephides 2003, Altinay and Bowen 2006, Scott 2012, Neumayer and Plümper 2016, Bowen et al. Abstract: The aim of the paper is to identify the stance of 2016, Buda 2016). Any political turbulence in a destina- tourism industry practitioners in the Republic of Cyprus tion has an immediate effect on tourism (Neumayer 2004, in the case of reunification. Since 1974 and the Turkish Buda 2016). Interesting examples in the context of tourism invasion, one third of the island’s territory has remained and political instability are the cases of Northern Ireland under an illegal occupation. Discussing Cyprus’ politi- and the former Yugoslavia that suffered from civil wars. cal problem and the potential of reunification in relation In 1998, Northern Ireland signed an agreement towards to the tourism industry is a new concept in nature. The the settlement of the political unrest known as the ‘Good tourism industry will be the vehicle for further economic Friday Agreement’, which transformed the image of the development. So, it is imperative to understand the opin- country as a tourism destination (Archick 2015). Undoubt- ions of tourism stakeholders and decision makers who edly, the political stability had a positive effect on the will potentially be involved in the development of tourism tourism industry of the country and tourism was set as a in the reunited island.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL REPORT Sports Tourism Report the Cyprus Tourism
    - FINAL REPORT for Sports Tourism Report For the Year 2013 Prepared for The Cyprus Tourism Orgaization September 2014 CONTENTS Page 1. Main Findings 2 2. Appointment and Methodology 4 3. General Indicators: Total Level and Sports Activities 5 4. Results by Region 9 5. Sports Activities by Region 12 6. Seasonality 15 7. Nationality 20 8. Revenue 25 9. Other Sports Activities 27 1 Sports Tourism Report for the Year 2013 (Football, Cycling, Water Sports, Track and Field, and Diving) 1. Main Findings The total number of international sports related** visitors to Cyprus for the year 2013 was estimated at 20,803 visitors, which is an estimated 5% increase compared to the prior year (2012) when comparing visits for the common sporting activities measured for both years (2012 and 2013). The largest share of sports visitors to Cyprus were on account of Football (34% of visitors), while the second largest share of visits were for Diving (21% of visitors), followed by Cycling (17% of visitors) and finally for Swimming (15% of visitors). The average duration of stay measured in number of nights, at the total level for all sports activities, was estimated at 11.2 nights with the total number of nights for accommodation amounting to 215,645. The average duration of stay was found to be longest in the Larnaca region (14.9 nights average stay) while the shortest average duration of stay was recorded in the Nicosia region (2.9 nights average stay). Limassol (with 6,150 visitors), Ammohostos (with 4,619 visitors) and Pafos (with 4,320 visitors) were the three towns which accommodated the largest number of total sports visitors.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Tourism and Waves of Terror: Perspectives from Military Expenditure
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Asongu, Simplice; Acha-Anyi, Paul N. Working Paper Global tourism and waves of terror: Perspectives from military expenditure AGDI Working Paper, No. WP/19/062 Provided in Cooperation with: African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), Yaoundé, Cameroon Suggested Citation: Asongu, Simplice; Acha-Anyi, Paul N. (2019) : Global tourism and waves of terror: Perspectives from military expenditure, AGDI Working Paper, No. WP/19/062, African Governance and Development Institute (AGDI), Yaoundé This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/205032 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu A G D I Working Paper WP/19/062 Global Tourism and Waves of Terror: Perspectives from Military Expenditure Forthcoming: Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events Simplice A.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism and Political Change
    Tourism and Political Change Tourism and Political Change Edited by Richard Butler and Wantanee Suntikul (G) Goodfellow Publishers Ltd Published by Goodfellow Publishers Limited, Woodeaton, Oxford, OX3 9TJ (G) http://www.goodfellowpublishers.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data: a catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: on file. ISBN: 978-1-906884-11-6 Copyright © Goodfellow Publishing Ltd 2010 All rights reserved. The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Design and typesetting by P.K. McBride, www.macbride.org.uk Printed by Baker & Taylor, www.baker-taylor.com Cover design by Cylinder, www.cylindermedia.com Cover images: © www.istockphoto.com Contents Figures vii Tables viii Contributors About the editors 1 Introduction 1 Wantanee Suntikul and Richard Butler 2 Politics and Tourism: Interdependency and Implications in Understanding Change 8 C. Michael Hall Part I: Unification/Reunification 19 3 German Reunification and Tourism in Berlin 21 Wantanee Suntikul 4 The European Union: Between the Global and the National, and Between Neo-Liberalism and Interventionism 33 Allan M. Williams and Vladimir Baláž 5 The Implications and Effects of the Handover of Colonies – Macau 45 Glenn McCartney Part II: Increasing Autonomy 55 6 Devolution – Towards Independence: Tourism in Scotland in the 21st Century 57 Rory MacLellan 7 Political Change and Tourism in Arctic Canada 68 Emma J.
    [Show full text]