Enhanced Vs. Restored Vs. Constructed Wetlands

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Enhanced Vs. Restored Vs. Constructed Wetlands ENHANCED VS. RESTORED VS. CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS Jill Kostel, PhD Senior Environmental Engineer The Wetlands Initiative [email protected] All Things Wetlands • What is a wetland? • Why we should value wetlands? • What are the different wetland practices? • How do we talk about constructed wetlands with farmers? BAYOU, BILLABONG, BOG, CARR, DAMBO, DELTA, FEN, LAGOON, MANGROVE, MARSH, MIRE, MOOR, MUSKEG, POCOSIN, POTHOLE, SEEP, SLOUGH, SWAMP, VLEI, VERNAL POOL, WET MEADOW 3 Defining Wetland Characteristics Hydrology Hydric Soils HydrophyticPlants Pre-Settlement Wetlands in Illinois (Images by Jim Monchak/TWI) Wetland Ecosystem Functions Providing direct and indirect benefits Direct Wildlife habitat NURSERY HABITAT HOTEL HOME Wetland Ecosystem Functions Providing direct and indirect benefits Direct Wildlife habitat Recreational opportunities RECREATION Wetlands form the basis for the $600 million outdoor recreation industry in Illinois. Wetland Ecosystem Functions Providing direct and indirect benefits Direct Wildlife habitat Recreational opportunities Water quality improvement WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Nutrient Transformation and Sequestration Symbols courtesy of the Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/symbols/). Wetland Ecosystem Functions Providing direct and indirect benefits Direct Global Wildlife habitat Clean water supply Recreational opportunities Oxygen regeneration Water quality improvement Carbon storage Flood water storage Nutrient cycling Groundwater recharge Human survival Shoreline protection Raw materials Indirect Medicinal resources Most productive ecosystem Fuel Storehouse of biodiversity Food and fodder Hunting opportunities BIODIVERSITY U.S. wetlands support about 5,000 plants, 190 amphibian species, and 1/3 of all bird species. Wetland Loss in Illinois Pre-Settlement (1780s) 1980s 23% of Land Cover 3.5% of Land Cover (8,212,000 acres) (1,254,000 acres) Only 6,000 acres are considered high in ecological quality. (Images by Jim Monchak/TWI; data from Dahl, 1990) Wetland Conservation Compliance On farms, in order to maintain USDA benefits: • Leave the wet areas intact and unaltered, continue farming activities around the wetland area, or farm the area if dry conditions exist but do not make any land manipulations (e.g., filling, drainage, clearing, etc.). • Enroll in a USDA voluntary program that provides resources to restore and protect wetlands (Conservation Reserve Program, Environmental Quality Incentives Program, Agriculture Conservation Easement Program-Wetland Reserve Easement). • If you wish to alter your wetland acreage • Mitigate any wetland losses • Purchase wetland credits through a mitigation bank • Request a minimal effect determination from NRCS • Wetland drainage activities may be subject to provisions under the Clean Water Act Enhancement vs. Restoration vs. Constructed The augmentation of wetland functions beyond the original natural conditions on a former, degraded or naturally functioning wetland site. • Enhance selected functions to conditions different than those that originally existed. • Targets are to improve habitat for a targeted species, wildlife, or recreational purposes. • Tend to enhance one function at the expense of others IL 659 Wetland Enhancement (EQIP) Wetland Reserve Easement Enhancement vs. Restoration vs. Constructed Restoration establishes conditions similar to the original conditions where wetlands have been changed by human activities. • Hydric soils are present. • The “original” hydrologyand topography is reestablished. • Target is to restore the natural hydrology, topography, native vegetation and natural processesand functions. IL 657 Wetland Restoration (EQIP) CP23 Wetland Restoration (Floodplain) CP23A Wetland Restoration (Non-flood) CP27 Farmable Wetland –Wetland CP28 Farmable Wetland – Buffer Wetland Reserve Easement 20 YEARS LATER (BIODIVERSITY DESIGN TARGET) (J. PYSZKA) (D. GLAZIK) Enhancement vs. Restoration vs. Constructed A constructed wetland is a wetland created specifically for the purpose of treating water (aka a treatment wetland). It is an artificial or man-made ecosystem. • Engineered systems designed to utilize and “optimize” specific wetland characteristics and functions that improve water quality. • Treatment wetlands have been researched and used to capture and treat surface runoff or end-of-pipe discharges for over four decades. • It can be built in an area where a wetland never historically existed (created wetland) or prior converted farmland. • IL 656 or CRP CP39 Constructed Wetland Many restored wetlands are “constructed” to develop needed hydrologic connections/retention and topography for habitat targets, but they are not constructed wetlands! Constructed Wetlands for Cropland Tile Drainage Treatment (TILE DRAINAGE CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS) (K. KIRKHAM) Enhancement vs. Restoration vs. Constructed Criteria Enhancement Restoration Constructed Created Hydric Soil PC ONLY Non-hydric Soil Natural (Existing or Former) Artificial Ecosystem Wildlife or Biodiversity Target Water Quality Target Water Level Management Earthmoving, Embankments Tile Drainage as source “WHAT? A WETLAND ON MY FARM?” (AUDUBON GREAT LAKES) (Elite Entertainment) Constructed Wetland Key Messages Productivist Conservationist • Constructed wetland are a “newer” • Can test water at inlet to understand technology to improve tile drainage impacts of crop production practices in the systems in Illinois tile-drainage area • One of the most cost effective nutrient • Can be designed to include buffers and removal practices available other structures to reduce erosion from • Can be installed on unproductive land overland water flow thereby improving profitability • Reduces nutrient flowing from cropland • Once established, it is a self-sustaining into streams/ditches thereby protecting system stream health • Does not require changes in crop • Requires up-front installation costs, it is a production practices or systems long-term, effective and efficient way to significantly reduces negative impact of • Can be placed out of public view nutrients on your local environment The Wetlands Initiative is a nonprofit dedicated to restoring the wetland resources of the Midwest to improve water quality, increase wildlife habitat and biodiversity, and reduce flood damage..
Recommended publications
  • Phosphorus Removal in Mangrove Constructed Wetland
    Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology All Rights Reserved Euresian Publication © 2018 eISSN 2249 0256 Available Online at: www.environmentaljournal.org 201 8 Volume 7, Issue 2: 61 -71 Open Access Research Article Phosphorus Removal in Mangrove Constructed Wetland Anesi Satoki Mahenge Environmental Engineering Department, Ardhi University (ARU), P.O.Box 35176, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract: The probable application of Mangrove Constructed Wetlands as a suitable method for phosphorus removal from wastewater generated in coastal areas of Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania was examined. In-Situ examinations were made on horizontal surface-flow mangrove constructed wetland situated at Kunduchi coastline in Dar es Salaam. A wetland of 40 meters by 7 meters was built to collect domestic wastewater from septic-tank of Belinda Resort Hotel and was run in an intermittent continuous flow mode. It employed the existing mangrove specie known as Avicennia Marina which had an average breast height of 4 meter and it collected a mixture of wastewater and seawater at a ratio of 6 to 4. The efficiency of the wetland in removal of phosphorus was established. The removal rate of phosphorus informs of phosphate (PO 4-P) was found to be 35%. Mangrove Constructed wetland has a potential in phosphorus removal from domestic wastewaters when soils comprising minerals contents are used. Keywords : Constructed Wetlands, Mangroves, Phosphorus, Removal rate, Wastewater. 1.0 Introduction: wastewater dumping. The outcome is a potential Mangroves are woody trees, palm or bushes that hazard to human healthy and ecological systems of possess shallow water and develop at the interface estuaries and seas (Semesi, 2001; Ouyang, and amongst land and ocean in coastal areas (Hogarth, Guo, 2016; Fusi et al., 2016; Sanders et al., 2014 ).
    [Show full text]
  • Mangrove Swamp (Caroni Wetland, Trinidad)
    FIGURE 1.3 Swamps. (a) Floodplain swamp (Ottawa River, Canada). (b) Mangrove swamp (Caroni wetland, Trinidad). FIGURE 1.4 Marshes. (a) Riverine marsh (Ottawa River, Canada; courtesy B. Shipley). (b) Salt marsh (Petpeswick Inlet, Canada). FIGURE 1.5 Bogs. (a) Lowland continental bog (Algonquin Park, Canada). (b) Upland coastal bog (Cape Breton Island, Canada). FIGURE 1.6 Fens. (a) Patterned fen (northern Canada; courtesy C. Rubec). (b) Shoreline fen (Lake Ontario, Canada). FIGURE 1.7 Wet meadows. (a) Sand spit (Long Point, Lake Ontario, Canada; courtesy A. Reznicek). (b) Gravel lakeshore (Tusket River, Canada; courtesy A. Payne). FIGURE 1.8 Shallow water. (a) Bay (Lake Erie, Canada; courtesy A. Reznicek). (b) Pond (interdunal pools on Sable Island, Canada). FIGURE 2.1 Flooding is a natural process in landscapes. When humans build cities in or adjacent to wetlands, flooding can be expected. This example shows Cedar Rapids in the United States in 2008 (The Gazette), but incidences of flood damage to cities go far back in history to early cities such as Nineveh mentioned in The Epic of Gilgamesh (Sanders 1972). FIGURE 2.5 Many wetland organisms are dependent upon annual flood pulses. Animals discussed here include (a) white ibis (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), (b) Mississippi gopher frog (courtesy M. Redmer), (c) dragonfly (courtesy C. Rubec), and (d) tambaqui (courtesy M. Goulding). Plants discussed here include (e) furbish lousewort (bottom left; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) and ( f ) Plymouth gentian. -N- FIGURE 2.10 Spring floods produce the extensive bottomland forests that accompany many large rivers, such as those of the southeastern United States of America.
    [Show full text]
  • Wetland Valuation Volume I Wetland Ecosystem Services and Their
    Wetland Health and Importance Research Programme Wetland Valuation Volume I 8 Wetland ecosystem services and their valuation: a review of current understanding and practice TT 440/09 Wetland Health and Importance Research Programme – 8 Health and Importance Programme Research TTWetland 440/09 Authors: J Turpie, K Lannas, N Scovronick & A Louw Series Editor: H Malan TT 440/09 WETLAND HEALTH AND IMPORTANCE RESEARCH PROGRAMME 8 WETLAND VALUATION. VOL I WETLAND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND THEIR VALUATION: A REVIEW OF CURRENT UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICE Report to the Water Research Commission by Authors: J Turpie1, K Lannas2, N Scovronick1 and A Louw1 Series Editor: H Malan2 1 Anchor Environmental Consultants in association with the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town 2 Freshwater Research Unit, University of Cape Town WRC Report No. TT 440/09 March 2010 OBTAINABLE FROM Water Research Commission Private Bag X03 Gezina, 0031 The publication of this report emanates from a project entitled Wetland Health and Importance Research Programme (WRC Project no. K5/1584) DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ISBN 978-1-77005-932-0 Set No. 978-1-77005-936-8 Printed in the Republic of South Africa Front Cover: View from bird hide looking upstream, Nylsvley Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa Photograph: J Turpie i PREFACE This report is one of the outputs of the Wetland Health and Importance (WHI) research programme which was funded by the Water Research Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Samoa
    A Directory of Wetlands in Oceania In: Scott, D.A. (ed.) 1993. A Directory of Wetlands in Oceania. IWRB, Slimbridge, U.K. and AWB, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A Directory of Wetlands in Oceania WESTERN SAMOA INTRODUCTION by Cedric Schuster Department of Lands and Environment Area: 2,935 sq.km. Population: 170,000. Western Samoa is an independent state in the South Pacific situated between latitudes 13° and 14°30' South and longitudes 171° and 173° West, approximately 1,000 km northeast of Fiji. The state comprises two main inhabited islands, Savai'i (1,820 sq.km) and Upolu (1,105 sq.km), and seven islets, two of which are inhabited. Western Samoa is an oceanic volcanic archipelago that originated in the Pliocene. The islands were formed in a westerly direction with the oldest eruption, the Fagaloa volcanics, on the eastern side. The islands are still volcanically active, with the last two eruptions being in 1760 and 1905-11 respectively. Much of the country is mountainous, with Mount Silisili (1,858 m) on Savai'i being the highest point. Western Samoa has a wet tropical climate with temperatures ranging between 17°C and 34°C and an average temperature of 26.5°C. The temperature difference between the rainy season (November to March) and the dry season (May to October) is only 2°C. Rainfall is heavy, with a minimum of 2,000 mm in all places. The islands are strongly influenced by the trade winds, with the Southeast Trades blowing 82% of the time from April to October and 54% of the time from May to November.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Our Wonderful Wetlands Publication
    Exploring Our Wonderful Wetlands Student Publication Grades 4–7 Dear Wetland Students: Are you ready to explore our wonderful wetlands? We hope so! To help you learn about several types of wetlands in our area, we are taking you on a series of explorations. As you move through the publication, be sure to test your wetland wit and write about wetlands before moving on to the next exploration. By exploring our wonderful wetlands, we hope that you will appreciate where you live and encourage others to help protect our precious natural resources. Let’s begin our exploration now! Southwest Florida Water Management District Exploring Our Wonderful Wetlands Exploration 1 Wading Into Our Wetlands ................................................Page 3 Exploration 2 Searching Our Saltwater Wetlands .................................Page 5 Exploration 3 Finding Out About Our Freshwater Wetlands .............Page 7 Exploration 4 Discovering What Wetlands Do .................................... Page 10 Exploration 5 Becoming Protectors of Our Wetlands ........................Page 14 Wetlands Activities .............................................................Page 17 Websites ................................................................................Page 20 Visit the Southwest Florida Water Management District’s website at WaterMatters.org. Exploration 1 Wading Into Our Wetlands What exactly is a wetland? The scientific and legal definitions of wetlands differ. In 1984, when the Florida Legislature passed a Wetlands Protection Act, they decided to use a plant list containing plants usually found in wetlands. We are very fortunate to have a lot of wetlands in Florida. In fact, Florida has the third largest wetland acreage in the United States. The term wetlands includes a wide variety of aquatic habitats. Wetland ecosystems include swamps, marshes, wet meadows, bogs and fens. Essentially, wetlands are transitional areas between dry uplands and aquatic systems such as lakes, rivers or oceans.
    [Show full text]
  • COURSE NAME CITY STATE ALBERTVILLE GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB Albertville Alabama MOUNTAIN VIEW GOLF COURSE Alden Alabama LAKEWINDS
    COURSE NAME CITY STATE ALBERTVILLE GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB Albertville Alabama MOUNTAIN VIEW GOLF COURSE Alden Alabama LAKEWINDS GOLF COURSE Alex City Alabama WILLOW POINT COUNTRY CLUB Alex City Alabama ALPINE BAY GOLF CLUB Alpine Alabama WHIPPORWHILL GOLF COURSE Altoona Alabama ANDALUSIA COUNTRY CLUB Andalusia Alabama EVANS BARNES GOLF COURSE Andalusia Alabama ANDERSON CREEK GOLF COURSE Anderson Alabama ANNISTON COUNTRY CLUB Anniston Alabama ANNISTON MUNICIPAL GOLF COURSE Anniston Alabama B & J GOLF CENTER Anniston Alabama CANE CREEK GOLF COURSE Anniston Alabama CIDER RIDGE GOLF CLUB Anniston Alabama INDIAN OAKS GOLF CLUB Anniston Alabama PINE HILL COUNTRY CLUB Anniston Alabama BROOKSIDE GOLF COURSE Arab Alabama TWIN LAKES GOLF CLUB Arab Alabama UNION SPRINGS COUNTRY CLUB Armstrong Alabama CLAY COUNTY PUBLIC GOLF COURSE Ashland Alabama ATHENS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUB Athens Alabama CANEBRAKE GOLF CLUB Athens Alabama CHRISWOOD GOLF COURSE Athens Alabama SOUTHERN GALES GOLF CLUB Athens Alabama WOODLAND GOLF COURSE Athens Alabama ATMORE COUNTRY CLUB Atmore Alabama WILLS CREEK COUNTRY CLUB Attalla Alabama AUBURN LINKS AT MILL CREEK Auburn Alabama INDIAN PINES RECREATIONAL AUTHORITY Auburn Alabama MOORE'S MILL GOLF CLUB Auburn Alabama MOORE'S MILL GOLF CLUB Auburn Alabama PIN OAKS GOLF CLUB Auburn Alabama EUFAULA COUNTRY CLUB Bakerhill Alabama LAKEPOINT RESORT GOLF COURSE Bakerhill Alabama RED EAGLE GOLF COURSE Bakerhill Alabama WARRIOR POINT GOLF CLUB Barney Alabama HOLLY HILLS COUNTRY CLUB Bay Minette Alabama BENT BROOK GOLF COURSE Bess Alabama
    [Show full text]
  • PLTA-0103 Nature Conservancy 3/19/04 4:00 PM Page 1
    PLTA-0103 Nature Conservancy 3/19/04 4:00 PM Page 1 ............................................................. Pennsylvania’s Land Trusts The Nature Conservancy About Land Trusts Conservation Options Conserving our Commonwealth Pennsylvania Chapter Land trusts are charitable organizations that conserve land Land trusts and landowners as well as government can by purchasing or accepting donations of land and conservation access a variety of voluntary tools for conserving special ................................................................ easements. Land trust work is based on voluntary agreements places. The basic tools are described below. The privilege of possessing Produced by the the earth entails the Pennsylvania Land Trust Association with landowners and creating projects with win-win A land trust can acquire land. The land trust then responsibility of passing it on, working in partnership with outcomes for communities. takes care of the property as a wildlife preserve, the better for our use, Pennsylvania’s land trusts Nearly a hundred land trusts work to protect important public recreation area or other conservation purpose. not only to immediate posterity, but to the unknown future, with financial support from the lands across Pennsylvania. Governed by unpaid A landowner and land trust may create an the nature of which is not William Penn Foundation, Have You Been to the Bog? boards of directors, they range from all-volunteer agreement known as a conservation easement. given us to know. an anonymous donor and the groups working in a single municipality The easement limits certain uses on all or a ~ Aldo Leopold Pennsylvania Department of Conservation n spring days, the Tannersville Cranberry Bog This kind of wonder saved the bog for today and for to large multi-county organizations with portion of a property for conservation and Natural Resources belongs to fourth-graders.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment on Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change: Main Report
    Assessment on Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate change Main Report Published By Global Environment Centre, Kuala Lumpur & Wetlands International, Wageningen First Published in Electronic Format in December 2007 This version first published in May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Global Environment Centre & Wetlands International Reproduction of material from the publication for educational and non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from Global Environment Centre or Wetlands International, provided acknowledgement is provided. Reference Parish, F., Sirin, A., Charman, D., Joosten, H., Minayeva , T., Silvius, M. and Stringer, L. (Eds.) 2008. Assessment on Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change: Main Report . Global Environment Centre, Kuala Lumpur and Wetlands International, Wageningen. Reviewer of Executive Summary Dicky Clymo Available from Global Environment Centre 2nd Floor Wisma Hing, 78 Jalan SS2/72, 47300 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Tel: +603 7957 2007, Fax: +603 7957 7003. Web: www.gecnet.info ; www.peat-portal.net Email: [email protected] Wetlands International PO Box 471 AL, Wageningen 6700 The Netherlands Tel: +31 317 478861 Fax: +31 317 478850 Web: www.wetlands.org ; www.peatlands.ru ISBN 978-983-43751-0-2 Supported By United Nations Environment Programme/Global Environment Facility (UNEP/GEF) with assistance from the Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) Design by Regina Cheah and Andrey Sirin Printed on Cyclus 100% Recycled Paper. Printing on recycled paper helps save our natural
    [Show full text]
  • Constructed Wetland Code 656 (Ac)
    656-CPS-1 Natural Resources Conservation Service CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD Constructed Wetland Code 656 (Ac) DEFINITION An artificial wetland ecosystem with hydrophytic vegetation for biological treatment of water. PURPOSE • To treat wastewater or contaminated runoff from agricultural processing, livestock, or aquaculture facilities • To improve water quality of storm water runoff or other water flows. CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES This standard applies where at least one of the following conditions occurs: • Wastewater treatment is necessary for organic wastes generated by agricultural production or processing. • Water quality improvement is desired of agricultural storm water runoff. A constructed wetland is typically applied where wetland function can be created or enhanced to provide treatment of wastewater or other agricultural runoff. Do not use this standard in lieu of NRCS Conservation Practice Standards (CPS), Wetland Restoration (Code 657), Wetland Creation (Code 658), or Wetland Enhancement (Code 659), where the main purpose is to restore, create, or enhance wetland functions other than wastewater treatment or water quality improvement. Do not use this standard in lieu of CPS Denitrifying Bioreactor (Code 605) where the main purpose is to reduce nitrate nitrogen concentration in subsurface drainage flow or CPS Saturated Buffers (Code 604) where the main purpose is to reduce nitrate nitrogen concentration from subsurface drain outlets or to enhance or restore saturated soil conditions. CRITERIA General Criteria Applicable to All Purposes Plan, design, and construct constructed wetlands to comply with federal, state and local laws and regulations. Locate the constructed wetland to minimize the potential for contamination of ground water resources, and to protect aesthetic values. NRCS reviews and periodically updates conservation practice standards.
    [Show full text]
  • Lowland Raised Bog (UK BAP Priority Habitat Description)
    UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Habitat Descriptions Lowland Raised Bog From: UK Biodiversity Action Plan; Priority Habitat Descriptions. BRIG (ed. Ant Maddock) 2008. This document is available from: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-5706 For more information about the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP) visit http://www.jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-5155 Please note: this document was uploaded in November 2016, and replaces an earlier version, in order to correct a broken web-link. No other changes have been made. The earlier version can be viewed and downloaded from The National Archives: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150302161254/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page- 5706 Lowland Raised Bog The definition of this habitat remains unchanged from the pre-existing Habitat Action Plan (https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110303150026/http://www.ukbap.org.uk/UKPl ans.aspx?ID=20, a summary of which appears below. Lowland raised bogs are peatland ecosystems which develop primarily, but not exclusively, in lowland areas such as the head of estuaries, along river flood-plains and in topographic depressions. In such locations drainage may be impeded by a high groundwater table, or by low permeability substrata such as estuarine, glacial or lacustrine clays. The resultant waterlogging provides anaerobic conditions which slow down the decomposition of plant material which in turn leads to an accumulation of peat. Continued accrual of peat elevates the bog surface above regional groundwater levels to form a gently-curving dome from which the term ‘raised’ bog is derived. The thickness of the peat mantle varies considerably but can exceed 12m.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use
    Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 6 IUCN - The World Conservation Union IUCN Species Survival Commission Role of the SSC The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is IUCN's primary source of the 4. To provide advice, information, and expertise to the Secretariat of the scientific and technical information required for the maintenance of biologi- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna cal diversity through the conservation of endangered and vulnerable species and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements affecting conser- of fauna and flora, whilst recommending and promoting measures for their vation of species or biological diversity. conservation, and for the management of other species of conservation con- cern. Its objective is to mobilize action to prevent the extinction of species, 5. To carry out specific tasks on behalf of the Union, including: sub-species and discrete populations of fauna and flora, thereby not only maintaining biological diversity but improving the status of endangered and • coordination of a programme of activities for the conservation of bio- vulnerable species. logical diversity within the framework of the IUCN Conservation Programme. Objectives of the SSC • promotion of the maintenance of biological diversity by monitoring 1. To participate in the further development, promotion and implementation the status of species and populations of conservation concern. of the World Conservation Strategy; to advise on the development of IUCN's Conservation Programme; to support the implementation of the • development and review of conservation action plans and priorities Programme' and to assist in the development, screening, and monitoring for species and their populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Land Meets Sea: Mangroves & Estuaries
    E3: ECOSYSTEMS, ENERGY FLOW, & EDUCATION Where Land Meets Sea: Mangroves & Estuaries Eco-systems, Energy Flow, and Education: Where Land Meets Sea: Mangroves & Estuaries CONTENT OUTLINE Big Idea / Objectives / Driving Questions 3 Selby Gardens’ Field Study Opportunities 3 - 4 Background Information: 5 - 7 What is an Estuary? 5 Why are Estuaries Important? 5 Why Protect Estuaries? 6 What are Mangrove Wetlands? 6 Why are Mangrove Wetlands Important? 7 Endangered Mangroves 7 Grade Level Units: 8 - 19 8 - 11 (K-3) “Welcome to the Wetlands” 12 - 15 (4-8) “A Magnificent Mangrove Maze” 16 - 19 (7-12) “Monitoring the Mangroves” Educator Resources & Appendix 20 - 22 2 Eco-systems, Energy Flow, and Education: Where Land Meets Sea: Mangroves & Estuaries GRADE LEVEL: K-12 SUBJECT: Science (includes interdisciplinary Common Core connections & extension activities) BIG IDEA/OBJECTIVE: To help students broaden their understanding of the Coastal Wetlands of Southwest Florida (specifically focusing on estuaries and mangroves) and our individual and societal interconnectedness within it. Through completion of these units, students will explore and compare the unique contributions and environmental vulnerability of these precious ecosystems. UNIT TITLES/DRIVING QUESTIONS: (Please note: many of the activities span a range of age levels beyond that specifically listed and can be easily modified to meet the needs of diverse learners. For example, the bibomimicry water filtration activity can be used with learners of all ages. Information on modification for
    [Show full text]