Prédation De L'holothurie Actinopyga Echinites (Echinodermata
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
SEDIMENT REMOVAL ACTIVITIES of the SEA CUCUMBERS Pearsonothuria Graeffei and Actinopyga Echinites in TAMBISAN, SIQUIJOR ISLAND, CENTRAL PHILIPPINES
Jurnal Pesisir dan Laut Tropis Volume 1 Nomor 1 Tahun 2018 SEDIMENT REMOVAL ACTIVITIES OF THE SEA CUCUMBERS Pearsonothuria graeffei AND Actinopyga echinites IN TAMBISAN, SIQUIJOR ISLAND, CENTRAL PHILIPPINES Lilibeth A. Bucol1, Andre Ariel Cadivida1, and Billy T. Wagey2* 1. Negros Oriental State University (Main Campus I) 2. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, UNSRAT, Manado, Indonesia *e-mail: [email protected] Teripang terkenal mengkonsumsi sejumlah besar sedimen dan dalam proses meminimalkan jumlah lumpur yang negatif dapat mempengaruhi organisme benthic, termasuk karang. Kegiatan pengukuran kuantitas pelepasan sedimen dua spesies holothurians (Pearsonuthuria graeffei dan Actinophyga echites) ini dilakukan di area yang didominasi oleh ganggang dan terumbu terumbu karang di Pulau Siquijor, Filipina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P. graeffei melepaskan sedimen sebanyak 12.5±2.07% sementara pelepasan sedimen untuk A. echinites sebanyak 10.4±3.79%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua spesies ini lebih memilih substrat yang didominasi oleh macroalgae, diikuti oleh substrat berpasir dan coralline alga. Kata kunci: teripang, sedimen, Pulau Siquijor INTRODUCTION the central and southern Philippines. These motile species are found in Coral reefs worldwide are algae-dominated coral reef. declining at an alarming rate due to P. graffei occurs mainly on natural and human-induced factors corals and sponge where they appear (Pandolfi et al. 2003). Anthropogenic to graze on epifaunal algal films, while factors include overfishing, pollution, A. echinites is a deposit feeding and agriculture resulting to high holothurian that occurs mainly in sandy sedimentation (Hughes et al. 2003; environments. These two species also Bellwood et al. 2004). Sedimentation is differ on their diel cycle since also a major problem for reef systems A. -
AC22 Inf. 1 (English Only/Únicamente En Inglés/Seulement En Anglais)
AC22 Inf. 1 (English only/Únicamente en inglés/Seulement en anglais) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Twenty-second meeting of the Animals Committee Lima (Peru), 7-13 July 2006 SUMMARY OF FAO AND CITES WORKSHOPS ON SEA CUCUMBERS: MAJOR FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 1. This document has been submitted by the Secretariat and was prepared by Verónica Toral-Granda, Charles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos Islands (Email: [email protected]) Advances in Sea Cucumber Aquaculture and Management (ASCAM), convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); 14-18 October 2003, Dalian, China 2. In October 2003, FAO gathered in Dalian, China, 11 local and 37 international experts from 20 countries on sea cucumbers biology, ecology, fisheries and aquaculture in the “Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management (ASCAM)” workshop. This workshop was organized because of the intense fishing effort for many sea cucumber species all over the world, the ever increasing market pressure for harvesting these species and recent technological developments on fishery management, aquaculture and stock enhancement techniques. 3. The workshop had three sessions focusing on: (i) Status of sea cucumber and utilization; (ii) Sea cucumber resources management; and (iii) Aquaculture advances. As a whole, the workshop presented up-to-date information on the status of different sea cucumber populations around the world. It also emphasized the experience of each participating country in management and identified information gaps that needed to be addressed. Additionally, it devoted one session to the advances of artificial reproduction, aquaculture and farming of selected sea cucumber species, with special emphasis on Apostichopus japonicus. -
High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review
Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 1761-1805; doi:10.3390/md9101761 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review Sara Bordbar 1, Farooq Anwar 1,2 and Nazamid Saari 1,* 1 Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (F.A.) 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-389-468-385; Fax: +60-389-423-552. Received: 3 August 2011; in revised form: 30 August 2011 / Accepted: 8 September 2011 / Published: 10 October 2011 Abstract: Sea cucumbers, belonging to the class Holothuroidea, are marine invertebrates, habitually found in the benthic areas and deep seas across the world. They have high commercial value coupled with increasing global production and trade. Sea cucumbers, informally named as bêche-de-mer, or gamat, have long been used for food and folk medicine in the communities of Asia and Middle East. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenic, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antitumor and wound healing have been ascribed to various species of sea cucumbers. Therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactives especially triterpene glycosides (saponins), chondroitin sulfates, glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), sulfated polysaccharides, sterols (glycosides and sulfates), phenolics, cerberosides, lectins, peptides, glycoprotein, glycosphingolipids and essential fatty acids. -
Spawning and Larval Rearing of Sea Cucumber Holothuria (Theelothuria) Spiniferatheel P.S.Asha1 and P
SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin #16 – April 2002 11 Kerr, A.M., E.M. Stoffel and R.L. Yoon. 1993. SPC. 1994. Sea cucumbers and beche-de-mer of the Abundance distribution of holothuroids tropical Pacific: a handbook for fishers. South (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) on a wind- Pacific Commission Handbook no.18. 52 p. ward and leeward fringing coral reef, Guam, Mariana Islands. Bull. Mar. Sci. 52(2):780–791. SPC. 1997. Improved utilisation and marketing of marine resources from the Pacific region. Preston, G.L. 1993. Beche-de-mer. In: A. Wright and Beche-de-mer, shark fins and other cured ma- L. Hill, eds. Nearshore marine resources of the rine products purchased by Chinese and Asian South Pacific, Suva: Institute of Pacific traders. 36 p. Studies, Honiara: FFA and Halifax: International Centre for Ocean Development. Smith, R.O. 1947. Survey of the fisheries of the for- 371–407. mer Japanese Mandated Islands. USFWS Fishery Leaflet 273. 106 p. Richmond, R. 1995. Introduction and overview. In: A regional management plan for a sustainable Veikila, C.V and F. Viala. 1990. Shrinkage and sea cucumber fishery for Micronesia, March weight loss of nine commercial holothurian 3–5, 1993. 2–6. species from Fijian waters. Fiji Fisheries Division unpublished report. 9 p. Rowe, F.W.E. and J.E. Doty. 1977. The shallow- water holothurians of Guam. Micronesica Zoutendyk, D. 1989. Trial processing and market- 13(2):217–250. ing of surf redfish (Actinopyga mauritiana) beche-de-mer on Rarotonga, and its export po- Rowe, F.W.E. and J. Gates. -
Report on a Collection of Recent Shells from Obi and Halmahera (Moluccas)
twa*/ ff « MEDEDEELINGEN VAN DE LANDBOUW- HOOGESCHOOLT EWAGENINGE N(NEDERLAND ) U ONDER REDACTIE VAN EEN COMMISSIE f UITDE NSENAA T i SECRETARIS PROF. DR. G. GRIJNS f f DEEL 29 VERHANDELING 1 REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF RECENT SHELLS FROM OBI AND HALMAHERA (MOLUCCAS) BY DR. C. H. OOSTINGH H. VEENMAN &ZONE N —WAGENINGE N — 1925 ^cSte GEDRUKTTE RALGEMEEN ELANDSDRUKKERI J The present paper deals with a collection of recent shells, chiefly marine, from the islands of Obi Major and Halmahera (or Gilolo) in the Moluccas (East Indian Archipelago). This collection forms part of the conchological collections kept in the Geological Museum of the Agricultural University at Wageningen (Holland). The shells from Halmahera have been collected on the East coast by the Rev. Maan, missionary at the mission Buli- and Weda-bay, E. coast of Halmahera, The shells from Obi Major were collected on the shores by Mrs. Ham when accompanying Prof. S. P. H a m, now in Wageningen, during a stay at that island in 1899. As I thought it useful to give a summary of the whole littoral marine and submarine molluscan fauna of the neighbourhood, I have included all the shell-bearing species which have hitherto been recorded from the ObiIs . and from Halmahera and surroun ding islands 1). Owing to the kindness of Dr. Fr. Haas, I was able to prepare part of this paper at the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt-on- Main, where I could avail myself of the excellent library. As to the part of this work made in Wageningen, I am much indebted to Prof, van Baren for his help in procuring the most indis pensable literature. -
Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge C/O National Park Service Rose Atoll Pago Pago, AS 96799 Phone: 684/633-7082 Ext
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Draft Comprehensive Conservation and Environmental Plan Assessment Refuge Wildlife National Rose Atoll U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge c/o National Park Service Rose Atoll Pago Pago, AS 96799 Phone: 684/633-7082 ext. 15 National Wildlife Refuge Fax: 684/699-3986 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment October 2012 Font Cover Photos Main: An array of seabirds find refuge at Rose Atoll USFWS Inset: Pisonia tree JE Maragos/USFWS Red-tailed tropic bird chick Greg Sanders/USFWS Tridacna maxima JE Maragos/USFWS Pink algae found on the coral throughout the Refuge gives Rose Atoll its name. USFWS October 2012 Refuge Vision Perched on an ancient volcano, reef corals, algae, and clams grow upwards thousands of feet on the foundation built by their ancestors over millions of years. Here, Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge glows pink in the azure sea. This diminutive atoll shelters a profusion of tropical life. Encircled by a rose-colored coralline algal reef, the lagoon teems with brilliant fish and fluted giant clams with hues of electric blue, gold, and dark teal. Sea turtles gracefully ply the waters and find safe haven lumbering ashore to lay eggs that perpetuate their ancient species. On land, stately Pisonia trees form a dim green cathedral where sooty tern calls echo as they fly beneath the canopy. Their calls join the cackling of the red-footed boobies, whinnying of the frigate birds, and moaning of the wedge-tailed shearwaters. Inspired by their living history at the atoll, tamaiti perpetuate Fa’a Samoa through an understanding and shared stewardship of their natural world. -
Sea Cucumbers Feeny 1977)
Pacific Science (1982), vol. 36, no. 4 © 1983 by the University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Responses of Five Holothurian Species to Attacks by a Predatory Gastropod, Tonna perdu 1 Roy K. KRopp2 ABSTRACf: In the laboratory Tonna perdix attacked and often engulfed in dividuals of five holothurian species. Two species, Stichopus chloronotus and S. horrens, sometimes escaped attacks by shedding a piece of body wall and bounding away from the predator. Bounding employed an exaggerated, direct arching peristalsis and was much faster than ordinary crawling. The general response ofeach ofthe other three species, Holothuria atra, H. cinerascens, and H. hilla, was a shortening of the body lengthwise accompanied by a swelling of the body into a spherelike shape. This response was not usually effective as an escape maneuver. Only H. hilla eviscerated during attacks and this was a direct result of penetration of the visceral cavity by the tonnid radula. MANY HOLOTHURIANS, particularly tropical gastropods are also reported to eat sea cucum species, are known to be toxic. This toxicity bers (Bakus 1973, Kay 1979). Crustaceans may is given as the primary reason for the paucity also prey on holothurians. In Guam I saw a of predators on tropical holothurians (Bakus hermit crab, Dardanus megistos, and a xanthid 1968, 1973, 1974, 1981). The toxin involved is crab, Atergatis floridus, eating holothurians. holothurin, which is a saponin (Yamanouchi A stomatopod, Gonodactylus oerstedii, may 1955), and which is found in several orders of occasionally feed on small holothurians holothurians (Nigrelli and Jakowska 1960). (Dominguez 1982). Holothurin is very toxic to marine fish (Ya Do holothurians have methods by which manouchi 1955, Bakus 1968) and has been predation by invertebrate predators, in par used by Pacific islanders to catch fish (Frey ticular gastropods, can be avoided? Mostinfor 1951). -
Chemical Defense Mechanisms and Ecological Implications of Indo-Pacific Holothurians
molecules Article Chemical Defense Mechanisms and Ecological Implications of Indo-Pacific Holothurians Elham Kamyab 1,* , Sven Rohde 1 , Matthias Y. Kellermann 1 and Peter J. Schupp 1,2,* 1 Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (M.Y.K.) 2 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.K.); [email protected] (P.J.S.); Tel.: +49-4421-944-100 (P.J.S.) Academic Editor: David Popovich Received: 14 August 2020; Accepted: 13 October 2020; Published: 19 October 2020 Abstract: Sea cucumbers are slow-moving organisms that use morphological, but also a diverse combination of chemical defenses to improve their overall fitness and chances of survival. Since chemical defense compounds are also of great pharmaceutical interest, we pinpoint the importance of biological screenings that are a relatively fast, informative and inexpensive way to identify the most bioactive organisms prior to further costly and elaborate pharmacological screenings. In this study, we investigated the presence and absence of chemical defenses of 14 different sea cucumber species from three families (Holothuriidae, Stichopodidae and Synaptidae) against ecological factors such as predation and pathogenic attacks. We used the different sea cucumber crude extracts as well as purified fractions and pure saponin compounds in a portfolio of ecological activity tests including fish feeding assays, cytotoxicity tests and antimicrobial assays against environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. -
May-June (1.61 Mbs)
May-June, 2011___________________________________________________________Volume 52 no. 3 The club will meet at the usual time and place on May 26 and June 23. In May we will have a special program. Every club member who attended the May 14th outing to Hanna Park is asked to present a five to ten minute vignette on his/her shelling experience on the outing. There will be also be a shell ID clinic - mostly for the Hanna Park material, but, if you have some real posers, bring them along too. The June meeting will feature a DVD titled The secret lives of seashells . Joyce Matthys, of Sanibel (and Oregon) produced this colorful and informative video, which deals with marine life, principally molluscan, in the shallow waters of Chub Key, Bahamas. Harry Lee will present the shell-of-the-month, Cittarium pica , the West Indian Topsnail. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Remembrances of Gertie Left: Poster from the 1st Shell Show in 1962. Above: Gertie with her award winning duPont Trophy at the Shell Show in 1977. Page 2 Volume 52:3 President's Message: Hi Everyone, Feels like summer is in full swing and it’s only pril! The Biodiversity Day last Saturday at the Whitney Laboratory tested our ability to survive the sun and heat. Thanks to sunscreen and a good free lunch in air conditioning, we survived. Thank you Harry for the info on this opportunity. Jacksonville Shell Club, Inc. th 1010 N. 24 th Street I look forward to the Hannah Park outing on May 14 . Hope Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250 we have a really good turnout. -
SURVEY of the LITERATURE on RECENT SHELLS from the RED SEA (Second Enlarged and Revised Edition)
TRITON 24 SEPTEMBER 2011 SUPPLEMENT 1 SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE ON RECENT SHELLS FROM THE RED SEA (second enlarged and revised edition) L.J. van Gemert *) Abstract: About 2,100 references are listed in the survey. Shells are being considered here as shell-bearing mollusks of the Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda. And the region covered is not only the Red Sea, but also the Gulf of Aden, including Somalia, and the Suez Canal, including Lessepsian species. Literature on fossils finds, especially from the Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene, is listed too. Introduction My interest in recent shells from the Red Sea dates from about 1996. Since then, I have been, now and then, trying to obtain information on this subject. Recently I decide to stop gathering information in a haphazard way and to do it more properly. This resulted in a survey of approximately 1,420 references (Van Gemert, 2010). Since then, this survey has been enlarged considerably and contains now approximately 2,100 references. They are presented here. Scope In principle every publication in which mollusks are reported to live or have lived in the Red Sea should be listed in the survey. This means that besides primary literature, i.e. articles in which researchers are reporting their finds for the first time, secondary and tertiary literature, i.e. reviews, monographs, books, etc are to be included too. These publications were written not only by a wide range of authors ranging from amateur shell collectors to profesional malacologists but also by people interested in other fields. This implies that not only malacological journals and books should be considered, but also publications from other fields or disciplines, such as environmental pollution, toxicology, parasitology, aquaculture, fisheries, biochemistry, biogeography, geology, sedimentology, ecology, archaeology, Egyptology and palaeontology, in which Red Sea shells are mentioned. -
SPC Beche-De-Mer Information Bulletin #34 – May 2014 3
SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin #34 – May 2014 3 The IUCN Red List assessment of aspidochirotid sea cucumbers and its implications Chantal Conand1,*, Beth Polidoro2, Annie Mercier3, Ruth Gamboa4, Jean-François Hamel5 and Steve Purcell6 Abstract This article presents the results from the assessment of sea cucumbers in the order Aspidochirotida for the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of threatened species. The results were published by IUCN in June 2013. Of 377 species examined, 16 were classified as threatened with extinction (7 as endangered, 9 as vulnerable) based on standard IUCN methodology. We also summarise findings from a recent publication about the drivers of extinction risk in these sea cucumbers. The IUCN listing sends a stern message to resource managers for the conservation of threatened species. The IUCN Red List may also serve to guide future evaluation by CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) for listing some of the species on Appendix II or III in order to set conditions on the trade of those species. We discuss some issues of CITES listing for the Philippines, as a “hotspot” country, and recommend that sea cucumbers should be re-evaluated for listing on CITES Appendix II and III. Introduction accepted system for classifying extinction risk at the species level. This article explains the IUCN Sea cucumbers were once considered a marginal Red List categories and the process of conducting invertebrate marine resource and only recently species assessments, as well as presents the species shown to be significant to global trade, livelihoods now listed as threatened and the implications of and marine ecosystems. -
The Shallow• Water Holothurians of Guam 1
The Shallow• Water Holothurians of Guam 1 F. W. E. ROWE The Australia11 Museum, 6-8 College Street, Sydney , N.S. W. 2000, Australia J. E. DOTY The Mari11e Laboratory, University of Guam, Aga11a, Guam 96910 Abstract-Thirty species of holothurians are now known from Guam; of these, six are new records. A key to the species is given along with illustrations of living specimens and their spicules. The distributional patterns of species across several of Guam's reef flats are discussed . A list is given of the commercially utilisable species of the island and the zoogeographical relationships of the Guamanian fauna are described . Methods of preservation and identification are also described . Introduction The earliest published record of a holothurian collected from Guam is that of Ho/othuria guamensis described by Quoy and Gaimard (1833). Brandt (1835) described a new species, Holothuria (Microthele) rnaculata, from "Insula Guahan," referring H . guarnensis to the genus Muel/eria Jaeger. Apart from these records, little attention has been given to the holothurian fauna of Guam until the present century . Lindsey (1935) reported on the costs of the various kinds of Beebe-de-Mer forms occurring around Guam and indicated that there was once a flourishing trade from the island . Frey (1951) reported the use made by local Guamanian fishermen of crude extracts from Holothuria atra to stun fish in reef pools. He also cited an earlier reference to this local custom (in Guam Recorder , May 1941 ; not seen by the authors) . Janice Beaty (1964 and 1966), a local reporter, wrote two popular articles describing many interesting habits of the holothurians occurring on the reef flats of Guam and the uses to which the holothurians have been put.