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Alternate History – Alternate Memory: Counterfactual Literature in the Context of German Normalization
ALTERNATE HISTORY – ALTERNATE MEMORY: COUNTERFACTUAL LITERATURE IN THE CONTEXT OF GERMAN NORMALIZATION by GUIDO SCHENKEL M.A., Freie Universität Berlin, 2006 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (German Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2012 © Guido Schenkel, 2012 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines a variety of Alternate Histories of the Third Reich from the perspective of memory theory. The term ‘Alternate History’ describes a genre of literature that presents fictional accounts of historical developments which deviate from the known course of hi story. These allohistorical narratives are inherently presentist, meaning that their central question of “What If?” can harness the repertoire of collective memory in order to act as both a reflection of and a commentary on contemporary social and political conditions. Moreover, Alternate Histories can act as a form of counter-memory insofar as the counterfactual mode can be used to highlight marginalized historical events. This study investigates a specific manifestation of this process. Contrasted with American and British examples, the primary focus is the analysis of the discursive functions of German-language counterfactual literature in the context of German normalization. The category of normalization connects a variety of commemorative trends in postwar Germany aimed at overcoming the legacy of National Socialism and re-formulating a positive German national identity. The central hypothesis is that Alternate Histories can perform a unique task in this particular discursive setting. In the context of German normalization, counterfactual stories of the history of the Third Reich are capable of functioning as alternate memories, meaning that they effectively replace the memory of real events with fantasies that are better suited to serve as exculpatory narratives for the German collective. -
D'antonio, Michael Senior Thesis.Pdf
Before the Storm German Big Business and the Rise of the NSDAP by Michael D’Antonio A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Degree in History with Distinction Spring 2016 © 2016 Michael D’Antonio All Rights Reserved Before the Storm German Big Business and the Rise of the NSDAP by Michael D’Antonio Approved: ____________________________________________________________ Dr. James Brophy Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: ____________________________________________________________ Dr. David Shearer Committee member from the Department of History Approved: ____________________________________________________________ Dr. Barbara Settles Committee member from the Board of Senior Thesis Readers Approved: ____________________________________________________________ Michael Arnold, Ph.D. Director, University Honors Program ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This senior thesis would not have been possible without the assistance of Dr. James Brophy of the University of Delaware history department. His guidance in research, focused critique, and continued encouragement were instrumental in the project’s formation and completion. The University of Delaware Office of Undergraduate Research also deserves a special thanks, for its continued support of both this work and the work of countless other students. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. -
Eva Braun Hitler's Odontological Identification-A Forensic Enigma?
J Forensic Sci, Apr. 1974, Vol. 19, No. 2 R. F. Sognnaes, ~ M.A., M.S., D.M.D., Ph.D. Eva Braun Hitler's Odontological Identification-A Forensic Enigma? Through generous cooperation by custodians of several museums, libraries, and govern- ment archive centers, the author has had occasion to explore various historical dental relics and reports covering the evolution of dental art and science over a period ranging from the time of George Washington to that of Adolf Hitler [1,2]. When the Berlin dentist, Dr. Hugo Johannes Blaschke, who cared for Germany's wartime leaders, was captured and interrogated by American army officers in 1945, he prepared descriptions and diagrams of the dental condition of Adolf Hitler, as well as of Martin Bormann and of Eva Braun, Hitler's longtime female companion whom he married just before the end of the war. By comparing American and Soviet reports it has been shown elsewhere that data attributed to a 1945 Russian autopsy report cited in 1968 by Bezymenski [3-5] are in harmony with Hitler's 1944 head and jaw X-rays which, after much search and research, were located through the cooperation of the Captured Record Branch of the U.S. Na- tional Archives and Records Service [2]. This discovery was followed by a detailed comparison with other dental data, as reported at the 6th International Conference on Forensic Sciences in Edinburgh in 1972 and subsequently published in early 1973 by Sognnaes and Str6m [6]. Similarly, the dental data elicited regarding Martin Bormann's dental condition, based on dental diagrams prepared by Dr. -
Information Issued by The
Vol. XV No. 10 October, 1960 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE. ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN t FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY ROAD (Comer Fairfax Road), Offict and Consulting Hours : LONDON, N.W.3 Monday to Thursday 10 a.m.—I p.m. 3—6 p.m. Talephona: MAIda Vala 9096'7 (General Officel Friday 10 a.m.—I p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency and Social Services Dept.} 'Rudolf Hirschfeld (Monlevideo) a few others. Apart from them, a list of the creators of all these important German-Jewish organisations in Latin America would hardly con tain a name of repute outside the continent. It GERMAN JEWS IN SOUTH AMERICA it without any doubt a good sign that post-1933 German Jewry has been able to produce an entirely new generation of vigorous and success I he history of the German-Jewish organisations abroad '"—to assert this would be false—they ful leaders. =8ins in each locality the moment the first ten consider themselves as the sons of the nation In conclusion two further aspects have to be r^Ple from Germany disembark. In the few which has built up the State of Israel, with the mentioned : the relationship with the Jews around thp "if- ^^^^^ Jewish groups were living before consciousness that now at last they are legitimate us, and the future of the community of Jews from ne Hitler period the immigrants were helped by members of the national families of the land they Central Europe. Jewish life in South America ne earlier arrivals. But it is interesting that this inhabit at present. -
Hitler's Zweites Buch (Secret Book)
Home Zweites Buch (Secret book) Search Foreword Chapter 1 Adolf Hitler's Sequel to Mein Kampf Chapter 2 Chapter 3 "Politics is history in the making." Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Such were the words of Adolf Hitler in his untitled,unpublished, and Chapter 6 long suppressed second work written only a few years after the Chapter 7 publication of Mein Kampf. Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter10 Only two copies of the 200 page manuscript were originally made, and only one of these Chapter 11 has ever been made public. Kept strictly secret under Hitler's orders, the document was Chapter 12 placed in an air raid shelter in 1935 where it remained until it's discovery by an American officer in 1945. Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Written in 1928, the authenticity of the book has been verified by Josef Berg (former Chapter 15 employee of the Nazi publishing house Eher Verlag), and Telford Taylor (former Chapter 16 Brigadier General U.S.A.R., and Chief Counsel at the Nuremburg war-crimes trials) who, after an analysis made in 1961,comments: Search "If Hitler's book of 1928 is read against thebackground of the intervening years , it should interest not scholars only, but the general reader. *as quoted by http://www.pharo.com/lost&found.htm FOREWORD In August, 1925, on the occasion of the writing of the second volume, I formulated the fundamental ideas of a National Socialist foreign policy, in the brief time afforded by the circumstances. Within the framework of that book I dealt especially with the question of the Southern Tyrol, which gave rise to attacks against the Movement as violent as they were groundless. -
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Kelsey Mullen The Ohio State University November 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Alice Conklin, Department of History Project Mentor: Doctoral Candidate Sarah K. Douglas, Department of History American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death 2 Introduction The fall of Berlin marked the end of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Red Army ravaged the city and laid much of it to waste in the early days of May 1945. A large portion of Hitler’s inner circle, including the Führer himself, had been holed up in the Führerbunker underneath the old Reich Chancellery garden since January of 1945. Many top Nazi Party officials fled or attempted to flee the city ruins in the final moments before their destruction at the Russians’ hands. When the dust settled, the German army’s capitulation was complete. There were many unanswered questions for the Allies of World War II following the Nazi surrender. Invading Russian troops, despite recovering Hitler’s body, failed to disclose this fact to their Allies when the battle ended. In September of 1945, Dick White, the head of counter intelligence in the British zone of occupation, assigned a young scholar named Hugh Trevor- Roper to conduct an investigation into Hitler’s last days in order to refute the idea the Russians promoted and perpetuated that the Führer had escaped.1 Major Trevor-Roper began his investigation on September 18, 1945 and presented his conclusions to the international press on November 1, 1945. -
Die Kontroverse Um Die „Wehrmachtsausstellung“
Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Bachelorstudiengang Geschichte/Philosophie BACHELORARBEIT Titel: Vernichtungskrieg. Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941 bis 1944. Rezeption und Reaktionen im Kontext von persönlicher Erfahrung und familiärer Erinnerung vorgelegt von: Marten Klose Artillerieweg 42a 26129 Oldenburg Betreuende Gutachterin: Dr. Sabine Moller Zweite Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Gunilla Budde Oldenburg, den 11. Juni 2007 Inhaltverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ................................................................................................................. 1 2. Eingrenzung des Themas .......................................................................................... 6 2.1 Primärerfahrung ................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Die öffentliche Erinnerungskultur ................................................................... 7 2.3 Fachwissenschaft ............................................................................................... 9 3. Der Mythos der „sauberen Wehrmacht“ ................................................................. 11 3.1 Das Fundament des Wehrmachtsmythos ......................................................... 11 3.2 Die „saubere Wehrmacht“ in Memoiren und Trivialliteratur .......................... 13 4. Vorstellung der Indikatoren: Leserbriefe, Besucherbücher und Interviews ........... 14 4.1 Reaktionen der Kriegsteilnehmergeneration ................................................... 15 4.1.1 Ablehnende Haltungen: -
Indictment Presented to the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg, 18 October 1945)
Indictment presented to the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg, 18 October 1945) Caption: On 18 October 1945, the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg accuses 24 German political, military and economic leaders of conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Source: Indictment presented to the International Military Tribunal sitting at Berlin on 18th October 1945. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, November 1945. 50 p. (Cmd. 6696). p. 2-50. Copyright: Crown copyright is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office and the Queen's Printer for Scotland URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/indictment_presented_to_the_international_military_tribunal_nuremberg_18_october_1945-en- 6b56300d-27a5-4550-8b07-f71e303ba2b1.html Last updated: 03/07/2015 1 / 46 03/07/2015 Indictment presented to the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg, 18 October 1945) INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS — AGAINST — HERMANN WILHELM GÖRING, RUDOLF HESS, JOACHIM VON RIBBENTROP, ROBERT LEY, WILHELM KEITEL, ERNST KALTEN BRUNNER, ALFRED ROSENBERG, HANS FRANK, WILHELM FRICK, JULIUS STREICHER, WALTER FUNK, HJALMAR SCHACHT, GUSTAV KRUPP VON BOHLEN UND HALBACH, KARL DÖNITZ, ERICH RAEDER, BALDUR VON SCHIRACH, FRITZ SAUCKEL, ALFRED JODL, MARTIN BORMANN, FRANZ VON PAPEN, ARTUR SEYSS INQUART, ALBERT SPEER, CONSTANTIN VON NEURATH, AND HANS FRITZSCHE, -
FORUM Holocaust Scholarship and Politics in the Public Sphere: Reexamining the Causes, Consequences, and Controversy of the Historikerstreit and the Goldhagen Debate
Central European History 50 (2017), 375–403. © Central European History Society of the American Historical Association, 2017 doi:10.1017/S0008938917000826 FORUM Holocaust Scholarship and Politics in the Public Sphere: Reexamining the Causes, Consequences, and Controversy of the Historikerstreit and the Goldhagen Debate A Forum with Gerrit Dworok, Richard J. Evans, Mary Fulbrook, Wendy Lower, A. Dirk Moses, Jeffrey K. Olick, and Timothy D. Snyder Annotated and with an Introduction by Andrew I. Port AST year marked the thirtieth anniversary of the so-called Historikerstreit (historians’ quarrel), as well as the twentieth anniversary of the lively debate sparked by the pub- Llication in 1996 of Daniel J. Goldhagen’s Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. To mark the occasion, Central European History (CEH) has invited a group of seven specialists from Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States to comment on the nature, stakes, and legacies of the two controversies, which attracted a great deal of both scholarly and popular attention at the time. To set the stage, the following introduction provides a brief overview of the two debates, followed by some personal reflections. But first a few words about the participants in the forum, who are, in alphabetical order: Gerrit Dworok, a young German scholar who has recently published a book-length study titled “Historikerstreit” und Nationswerdung: Ursprünge und Deutung eines bundesrepublika- nischen Konflikts (2015); Richard J. Evans, a foremost scholar -
Oberst Carl Von Andrian Und Die Judenmorde Der 707
PETER LIEB TÄTER AUS ÜBERZEUGUNG? OBERST CARL VON ANDRIAN UND DIE JUDENMORDE DER 707. INFANTERIEDIVISION 1941/42 Das Tagebuch eines Regimentskommandeurs: Ein neuer Zugang zu einer berüchtigten Wehrmachtsdivision1 In der langen, erbitterten und nach wie vor andauernden Diskussion über die Wehr macht und ihre Verbrechen ist immer wieder auf einen einzelnen Verband verwiesen worden, so als ob es sich bei ihm um eine durchschnittliche Division der Wehrmacht gehandelt habe: Die 707. Infanteriedivision. In der ersten Wanderausstellung „Ver nichtungskrieg. Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941 bis 1944" des Hamburger Instituts für Sozialforschung bildete sie ein Hauptthema, um die Beteiligung der Wehrmacht am Vernichtungskrieg gegen die Sowjetunion zu belegen2. In der neu konzipierten Ausstellung „Verbrechen der Wehrmacht. Dimensionen des Vernichtungskrieges 1941-1944" erhielt diese Division gar ein eigenes Kapitel3. Auch in anderen Darstel lungen taucht gerade die 707. Infanteriedivision deutlich häufiger auf als jede andere Division der Wehrmacht4. Schon das verlangt nach einer Erklärung. Die 707. Infan teriedivision war in der Tat während ihrer Besatzungszeit in Weißrußland 1941/42 eine Art Bindeglied zwischen der Wehrmacht und den Einsatzgruppen der Sicher heitspolizei und des SD und hat sich durch Massenerschießungen aktiv am Holo caust beteiligt. Neben einigen Einheiten in Serbien ist sie der einzige nachgewiesene Wehrmachtsverband, der „selbständig und systematisch große Massaker an Juden 1 Der Verfasser bereitet momentan eine ausführliche Edition des Tagebuchs des Obersten Carl von Andrian aus der Zeit von 1941 bis 1945 vor. Diese soll im Rahmen des Projekts „Wehrmacht in der nationalsozialistischen Diktatur" am Institut für Zeitgeschichte München erscheinen. 2 Vgl. Hamburger Institut für Sozialforschung (Hrsg.), Vernichtungskrieg. Verbrechen der Wehr macht 1941 bis 1944. -
Ascent of Evil -The Story of Mein Kampf Study Guide
ASCENT OF EVIL THE STORY OF MEIN KAMPF STUDY GUIDE To order this and other programs call: (888) 570-5400; (310) 839-1500 www.epfmedia.com © 2017 EPF Media All Rights Reserved ASCENT OF EVIL: THE STORY OF MEIN KAMPF – STUDY GUIDE Ascent of Evil: The Story of Mein Kampf is the story of the autobiographical manifesto written by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler while imprisoned following his 1923 failed coup attempt in Munich. In Mein Kampf , Hitler outlined his political ideology and goals for Germany. Today, Mein Kampf is still available in libraries, on the Internet, at universities and even at bookstores worldwide. Yet much of the history of this 720-page, two-volume screed is now forgotten. Using historical footage, photographs and interviews with scholars, Ascent of Evil plunges deep into the infamous blueprint for evil’s dark secrets and reveals how this book came to be written and its impact on world. Hitler’s Early Life Adolf Hitler was born in Austria in 1889 to Klara and Alois Hitler. His father died in 1903, and his mother in 1907. After his mother’s death Hitler moved to Vienna, hoping to pursue a career as a painter, but he twice failed the entrance exam to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. He spent the next six years struggling to make a living through watercolor painting and other odd jobs, sometimes homeless or living in hostels. In 1913, Hitler moved to Munich, Germany, in order to avoid being drafted into the Austrian army. However, when World War I began in 1914, he enlisted in the Germany army, where he served throughout the war, receiving a number of awards for bravery. -
Wendy Lower, Ph.D
Wendy Lower, Ph.D. Acting Director, Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (2016- ) Director, Mgrublian Center for Human Rights John K. Roth Professor of History George R. Roberts Fellow Claremont McKenna College 850 Columbia Ave Claremont, CA 91711 [email protected] (909) 607 4688 Research Fields • Holocaust Studies • Comparative Genocide Studies • Human Rights • Modern Germany, Modern Ukraine • Women’s History Brief Biography • 2016-2018, Acting Director, Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. USA • 2014- 2017, Director, Mgrublian Center for Human Rights, Claremont McKenna College • 2012-present, Professor of History, Claremont McKenna College • 2011-2012, Associate Professor, Affiliated Faculty, Department of History, Strassler Family Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University, Worcester, Mass, USA • 2010-2012 Project Director (Germany), German Witnesses to War and its Aftermath, Oral History Department, U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. USA • 2010-2012, Visiting Professor, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy • 2007-2012 Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin, LMU • 2004-2009 Assistant Professor (tenure track), Department of History, Towson University USA (on leave, research fellowship 2007-2009) • 2000-2004, Director, Visiting Scholars Program, Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. • 1999-2000 Assistant Professor, Adjunct Faculty, Center for German and Contemporary European Studies, Georgetown University, USA 1 • 1999-2000 Assistant Professor, Adjunct Faculty, Department of History, American University, USA • 1999 Ph.D., European History, American University, Washington D.C. • 1996-1998 Project Coordinator, Oral History Collection of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), Center for the Study of Intelligence, and Georgetown University • 1994 Harvard University, Ukrainian Research Institute, Ukrainian Studies Program • 1993 M.A.