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Her Majesty's Army; a Descriptive Account of the Various Regiments

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Her Majesty's Army; a Descriptive Account of the Various Regiments HER MAJESTY'S ARMY A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE VARIOUS REGIMENTS NOW COMPRISING THE QUEEN'S FORCES, FROM THEIR FIRST ESTABLISHMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME BY WALTER RICHARDS olomre6 glhtsfrations IN FOUR DIVISIONS DIV. III. LONDON J. S. VIRTUE & CO., LIMITED 294, CITY ROAD AND 26, IVY LANE HER MAJESTY'S ARMY, rPHE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE'S OWN* (MIDDLESEX EEGIMENT) Kegimental District No. 57 consists of two very famous regiments, of which the former, at any rate, is familiar by its sobriquet, "The Die-hards," to the most superficial student of the career of Her Majesty's Army. The 1st battalion the 57th was raised in 1755 by Colonel John Arabin, chiefly in the counties of Gloucester and Somerset, and the first service of the new regiment was as marines with the fleet in the Mediterranean. The following twenty years were passed chiefly in Gibraltar, Minorca, and Ireland. The 57th joined the force under Lord Cornwallis, and the following year took part in the battle of Brooklyn on August 26th, 1776. Afterwards they shared in the storming of Eedbank, the capture of York Island, the attack on Powell's Hook, and the storming of Port Montgomery, at which place they sustained heavy losses. In 1778 the flank companies were formed into separate battalions, and were busily engaged throughout the troublous times that followed, the light company being among the garrison at Fort York under Lord Cornwallis, who were taken prisoners in October, 1781. Even on the disaster at York Town we are able to look back without any feeling of humiliation. In September Lord Cornwallis was directed to make as good a defence as possible, receiving assurance " of speedy and effective succour. On the 28th of September," writes an author whose works of fiction contain historical sketches of which the accuracy is only equalled by the fascination of their style, f "the combined army of French and Americans, consisting The Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment) bears as badges the coronet and cypher of the Duke of " " with the Prince of Wales's Plume and the word Albuera on and collar the motto is that of the Cambridge, cap ; " " " " Prince of Wales. On the colours are : Seringapatam," Albuera," Ciudad Rodrigo," Badajoz," Vittoria," " "Pyrenees," "Nivelle," "Nive," "Peninsula," "Alma," Inkcrman," "Sevastopol," "New Zealand," "South Africa, 1879." The uniform is scarlet, with facings of white. t G. A. Ileuty, "True to the Old Flag." Bltwkie and Son. VOL. II. B 2 HER MAJESTY'S ARMY. before and the of 7,000 of the former and 12,000 of the latter, appeared York Town post at Gloucester. Lord Cornwallis had 5,960 men, but so great had been the effects of the fit for deadly climate in the autumn months, that only 4,017 men were reported duty. The enemy at once invested the town and opened their trenches against it. From their fleet they had drawn an abundance of heavy artillery, and on the 9th of October their batteries opened a tremendous fire upon the works. Each day they pushed their trenches closer, and the British force was too weak in comparison with the number of its assailants to venture upon sorties. The fire from the works was completely overpowered by that of the enemy, and the ammunition was nearly exhausted. Day after day passed and still the promised reinforcements did not arrive. On the 16th, finding that he must either surrender or break through, Lord Cornwallis determined to cross the river and fall on the French rear with his whole force. In the night the light infantry (including the company of the 57th) and other regiments were embarked in boats, and crossed to the Gloucester side of the river before midnight. At this critical moment a violent storm arose which prevented the boats returning. The enemy's fire re-opened at daybreak, and the engineer and principal officers of the army gave it as their opinion that it was impossible to resist longer. Only one eight-inch shell and a hundred small ones remained. The defences had in many places tumbled to ruins, and no effectual resistance could be opposed to an assault." Accordingly, on the 19th, Lord Cornwallis surrendered, and five days later the long-promised reinforcements arrived too late ! From 1783 to 1790 the 57th served in Nova Scotia, and in the latter year returned to England. In 1794 they joined the Duke of York's forces at Malines, and served in Flanders until the close of the year. In 1796 the regiment was ordered to Barbadoes, where they assisted in the capture of St. Lucia, returning, after a sojourn of a few years in Trinidad, to England in 1803. Six years later, in 1809, commenced the era, glorious in the making of splendid names, amongst which none gleams with a clearer and more enduring brilliancy through the intervening years, than does that of the gallant 57th, the Die-hards of Peninsular fame. The first scene of the war tragedy which was enacted after the 57th had joined " Wellington's army was the battle of Busaco. Nothing," writes Colonel Leith Hay, "could be conceived more enlivening, more interesting, or more varied than the scene from the heights. Commanding a very extensive prospect to the eastward, the move- TERRITORIAL REGIMENTS. 3 ments of the French, army were distinctly perceptible; it was impossible to conceal them. were covered with or the Eising grounds troops, cannon, equipages ; widely extended country seemed to contain a host moving forward, or gradually condensing into numerous masses, checked in their progress by the grand natural barrier. In imposing appearance as to numerical strength, there has been rarely seen anything to that of the from Busaco it was not an alone comparable enemy's army ; army encamped before us, but a multitude, cavalry, infantry, cars of the country, horses, tribes of mules with their attendants, sutlers, followers of every description crowded the moving scene." Yet ere many hours had passed this mighty host was in full retreat, beaten by the army whose honours the 57th had to share and increase. The following year, the 57th joined in the pursuit of Massena, and at Albuera the record so earned for themselves immortal fame by their conduct, of which is, to speak, crystallized in their before-mentioned sobriquet of the "Die-hards." The fortunes of the were the were day wavering ; everywhere Spaniards falling back, despite the dauntless courage and personal exertions of Beresford, who actually seized a Spanish officer and by main force carried him to the front, only for the dastard to run back again when the iron grasp was released. Then Stewart brought up Houghton's Brigade, with which were the 57th. Fierce, indeed, was the conflict ! Cannon and musketry at pistol range belched forth death against the indomitable British regiments. Stewart was twice wounded, the gallant Houghton fell dead even as he called to the heroic " " 57th, Die hard, my men, die hard ! And undismayed, with grim valour dying hard before the hurtling shower of grape and shot and shell, the 57th stood, giving back death for death and defiance for defiance, while officers and men were stricken down with awful quickness. Then came Coles's splendid charge, before which the " erst triumphing legions of France quailed and fled, and like a loosened cliff went the the rain flowed after in streams discoloured with and headlong down steep ; blood, one thousand eight hundred unwounded men, the remnant of six thousand uncon- querable British soldiers, stood triumphant on the fatal hill." Of the five hundred and seventy of all ranks with which the 57th went into action that day, only a hundred and thirty remained to be marched off the field by the adjutant, while amongst the heaps of dead and wounded were Colonel Inglis, twenty-two officers, and over four hundred men " of the regiment which had fought and died so hard. It was observed that our dead, that particularly the 57th Eegiment, were lying as they had fought in the ranks, and every wound was in front." The King's colour received seventeen shots, while the 4 HER MAJESTY'S ARMY. " regimental colour was pierced by twenty-one. Here was won the laurel wreath, of which any corps might well be proud." It is impossible to dwell at length upon the prowess of the 57th throughout the Peninsular "War; though not all of the battles are inscribed on their colours, there were but few places made famous by the gallantry of British troops where the 57th did not participate in that gallantry. Vittoria, the Pyrenees, Nivelle, the Nive these are the recorded on the colours but it must not be triumphs ; forgotten lt " that Peninsula covers the countless smaller actions and operations performed by the Army, and in these the 57th ever gave evidence of the accuracy of the popular and pro- fessional judgment which then, as now, assigned them one of the foremost places amongst British regiments. At St. Pierre the remarkable omission of which from the list of distinctions has been before noticed the 57th were in the right wing under General Byng, which found itself opposed by the strong force led by d'Armagnac. During the action they were taken to strengthen Barnes's position in the centre, and materially aided in the repulse of Soult, which was practically the crisis of the battle " which made Hill's day of glory complete." During 1814 the regiment was in Quebec, returning to England in August, 1815, immediately after which they joined the army of occupation in France, with which they served until November, 1818.
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