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Provision of Open Space in Manikganj Pourashava: a Study from Institutional Aspect

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Provision of Open Space in Manikganj Pourashava: a Study from Institutional Aspect PROVISION OF OPEN SPACE IN MANIKGANJ POURASHAVA: A STUDY FROM INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT SUBNIN JAHAN MASTER OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Department of Urban and Regional Planning BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DHAKA, BANGLADESH AUGUST, 2013 1 PROVISION OF OPEN SPACE IN MANIKGANJ POURASHAVA: A STUDY FROM INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT SUBNIN JAHAN MASTER OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Department of Urban and Regional Planning BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DHAKA, BANGLADESH AUGUST, 2013 2 3 4 To My Beloved Family 5 Acknowledgement First and foremost, all praises belong to the almighty Allah which blessings help me to overcome the most difficult circumstances and giving me the opportunity and strength to carry out this enormous work. I would never have been able to finish my thesis without the guidelines of my research supervisor Dr. Mohammad Shakil Akhter, Professor, Department of URP, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh. I would like to express my gratitude to my research supervisor for his constructive suggestion, persistent encouragement, valuable advice, inspiration, constant guidance, patience and commendable guidance through the time. My sincere gratitude and special thanks goes to Dr. Ishrat Islam, Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, BUET for providing me valuable insights regarding my research. I want to express my deep admiration to Dr. Roxana Hafiz, Professor of Department of Urban and Regional Planning, BUET and Dr. A K M Abul Kalam, Professor of Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka for their constructive suggestion and valuable guidelines. I express my sincere gratefulness to Mayor, Panel Mayor and all staffs of Manikganj Pourashava who spent their valuable time and provided support to collect data for the research. I would like to express my sincere thanks to the officials and professionals who took part to the interview with their valuable opinion, ideas time and sincere support. My ever gratefulness and heartiest thanks to my friend Mohammad Atikul Islam, Deputy Urban Planner of Sheltech Consultants (Pvt.) Ltd for his continuous support to conduct the thesis. He always helped me a lot to keep my thesis in right track. Finally, I am grateful to my parents, family members and friends for their continuous moral support and inspiration during the research work. My special thanks go to my husband Mr. Md Rashed, who was always beside me during the research work. Without his continuous support, inspiration, care and sacrifice it would not have been completed. i Abstract Urban environment must constitutes viable, accessible and adequate open space which needs to proportional to its area and population. It is also necessary to understand what includes in a quality open space and the impediments to its creation in an urban environment. Proper planning, setting appropriate standard, creating, managing and maintaining of open space needs greater attention and care for open space provision. For this reason, making development plan/ master plan and ensuring guidelines for the provision of all types of open space is very important. Open space facilities includes various types of facilities, however major types that draws particular attention in this thesis includes park, , playground, stadium and water bodies. The research attempted to focus the condition of existing stock of open space and understand and investigate the issues surrounding planning, managing and maintaining open space of Manikganj Pourashava. Open space area investigated through a number of techniques such as questionnaire survey of user, Key Informant Interview (KII) with relevant authorities and professionals and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to get real perception of open space. Manikganj is one of the secondary towns of Bangladesh which is growing very fast and unplanned urban growth would impede the sustainable urban growth of Manikganj. Pourashavas are the local government of small and medium sized town of Bangladesh and by law they are self-run institution to provide civic facilities to its citizens. However, unfortunately Pourashava cannot function properly for insufficient institutional structure. It is widely alleged that the urban local bodies suffer from financial resources constraint, Manikganj Pourashava is not exception of it. Due to inadequate financial resources and lack of proper institutional arrangement there is serious lack of proper open space provision. Compared to the standard of District Town Improvement Development Project (DTIDP) Manikganj Pourashava has shortage of 129 acres of land. It is observed that the maintenance of existing open space is very inadequate and user’s satisfaction level is also poor. It is identified that open space is a neglected aspect and gets less priority project to develop. Though by the Pourashava ordinance 2009, Pourashava is powered to provide all type of community facilities to its citizen including open space but there are many other institutions also linked with the provision of open space. However, there is lack of coordination and lack of interest among the national and local government to take open space development project. Manikganj Pourashava doesn’t have any master plan yet which is creating problem to preserve existing open space and to create new open space. ii LIST OF ACRONYMS BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BIP Bangladesh Institute of Planners CRDP City Region development Projects DAP Detail Area Plan DCC Dhaka City Corporation DMDP Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan DTIDP District Town Infrastructure Development Plan FGD Focus Group Discussion GIS Geographical Information System LGED Local Government Engineering Department LGRD&C Local Government and Rural Development& cooperatives NRPA National Recreation and Park Association PWD Public Works Department RAJUK Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakhya (Capital Improvement Authority) SPSS Statistical Package for Social Scientist STIIFP Secondary Town Improvement Infrastructure and Flood Project UAP Urban Area Plan UDD Urban Development Directorate UGIIP Urban Governance Infrastructure Improvement Project UTIDP Upazila Town Infrastructure Development Plan iii Table of Content Table of Content Page no Acknowledgement i Abstract ii List of Acronyms iii Table of Content iv-xi List of Table x-xi List of Box x List of Map x List of Figure xi List of Photo x Chapter 1: Introduction 1-5 1.1 Background 1-3 1.2 Objectives of the study 3 1.3 Scope and limitation of the study 3-4 1.4 Organization of the thesis 4-5 Chapter 2: Methodology and Research Design 6-14 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 Review of relevant literature 6-8 2.3 Reconnaissance Survey 8 2.4 Data Collection Procedure 8 2.4.1 Primary data collection 8 2.4.1.1Questionnaire Survey 8-10 2.4.1.2 Key Informant Interview (KII) 10 2.4.1.3 Interviews with Professionals 11 2.4.1.4 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) 12 2.4.2 Secondary Data Collection 12 2.5 Data Analysis and Interpretation 12-14 2.6 Conclusion 14 iv Chapter3: Planning of Open Space 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Definition of Open Space 15 3.3 Importance of Open Space 15-16 3.4 Classification of Open Space 17 3.4.1 Neighbourhood Park 17 3.4.2 Playing Field 17 3.4.3 Linear parks 17 3.4.4 District and regional parks 17 3.5 Open space Planning 18 3.6 Open Space Design 18 3.7 Open Space Related Laws and Regulations in Bangladesh 19 3.8 Open Space Standards 20 3.8.1 Physical Plan of Metropolitan Cities 20 3.8.2 Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan 21 3.8.3 Private Sector Residential Land Development Rules 22 3.8.4 Standard of Different Countries 23 3.8.5 Standard of Different Cities 24 3.8.6 Standard of Keeble for Open Space 24-25 3.8.7 LGED and UDD Specified Standard 25 3.8.8 District Infrastructure Development Project (DTIDP) 25 3.8.9 Upazila Infrastructure Development Project (UTIDP) 26-27 3.9 Institutional Aspect of the Authority (Pourashava) 27-32 3.9.1 Lack of Automation 28 3.9.2 Lack of Staffing and Training 28 3.9.3 Lack of Pourashava Town Planning Capacity 29 3.9.4 Lack of Legal Aspects and Weak Local Government 29 3.9.5 Low Penalty for Violation of Plan Provisions 29 3.10 Staffing and Capacity Development of Pourashava 29 3.10.1 Proposed Town Planning Department by Ministry of LGRD&C 30 3.10.2 Proposal of UGIIP, LGED for Town Planning Division 31 3.11 Conclusion 31-31 v Chapter 4 Study Area Profile & Status of Open space in Manikganj Pourashava 4.1 Introduction 33 4.2 Geographical Description 33 4.3 Demographic Information 35 4.4 Urbanization in Manikganj 36 4.5 Existing Land Use 36-37 4.6 Planning of Manikganj Pourashava 37 4.6.1 Land use / Master plan, 1991 of Manikganj Pourashava 37 4.6.2 Municipal Infrastructure Development Plan, 2006 for Manikganj Pourashava 39 4.7 Stock of Open Space 41 4.8 Ward wise Distribution of Open Space 44 4.9 Accessibility of Open space 47 4.10 Service Area Coverage 49 4.11 Ownership of Open Space 56 4.12 Gap of Open Space Facilities 57 4.13 Existing Condition of Open Space 59 4.13.1 Play Ground 59 4.13.1 Play Ground 59 4.13.1.1 Physical and Environmental Condition of Playground 59 4.13.1.2 Maintenance of Playgrounds 60 4.13.1.3 Environmental Condition of Playground 61 4.13.1.4 School/ College Playground use Pattern 62 4.13.2 Park 62 4.13.2.1 Physical Condition of Park 62 4.13.2.2 Maintenance of Park 63 4.13.2.3 Environmental Condition of Parks 64 4.13.3 River Bank and Khal Side 64 4.13.4 Stadium 65 4.13.5 Informal Open Space 66 4.14 Level of Satisfaction of Open Space User 67 74.15 Conclusions
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