Vol. XIV No. 12 December, 1959 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS, Office and Consulting Hours: RNCHLEY ROAD (Corner Fairfax Road). Monday to Thursday 10 a-m.— t p.m. 3- LONDON. N.WJ Friday 10 a-m.— I p.m. Telephone: MAIda Vale 90947 (General Office) MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Afency and Social Services Dept.)

auslaendischen Waehrung, so soil die Kauf­ FORDERUNGEN DES kraft angemessen beruecksichtigt werden. Der U.S. Dollar ist nach dem amtlichen Devisen­ kurs DM. 4,20 gleichzusetzen. Im Anschluss COUNCIL OF JEWS FROM GERMANY an Berechnungen des Statistischen Bundesamts in Wiesbaden wird in der Praxis der Laender Ruecksprachen mit Wiedergutmachungsbehoerden haeufig ein U.S. Dollar etwa DM. 3 gleich- kommen fuer die Zeit entfalle, in der der Ver­ gesetzt. Ein Einkommen von 4,000 Dollar Waehrend die Regelurcg der rueckerstat- wuerde nach dieser Berechnung bereits in vielen tungsrechtlichen Geldverbindlichkeiten des folgte, wenn er in Deutschland geblieben waere, zum Heeresdienst eingezogen worden waere. Faellen zu dem Ergebnis fuehren, dass eine Deutschen Reichs auf Grund des Bundes- Verfolgter eine ausreichende Lebensgrundlage rueckersstattungsgesetzes (BRueG) Sache des Mehrere Laender haben auf Grund von Empfehlungen eines Unterausschusses der erreicht hat. Nach der uebereinstimmenden Bundes ist, richten sich die Entschaedigungs- Auffassung aller Verfolgtenverbaende entspricht ansprueche nach dem Bundesentschaedigungs- obersten Wiedergutmachungsbehoerden Rund- erlasse zur Anwendung des § 9 Abs. 5 BEG die Stellungnahme des Statistischen Bundesamts gesetz (BEG) gegen die Laender, denen die in Wiesbaden zur Kaufkraft des U.S. Dollars, Durchfuehrung des Gesetzes obliegt. Grund- herausgegeben. Einige der Weisungen dieser Runderlasse stehen nach der Auffassung des der sich die Laender bisher angeschlossen sae4zliche Fragen der Wiedergutmachung haben, nicht den tatsaechlichen Verhaeltnissen muessen deshalb ausser mit den Zentral- Council of Jews from Germany nicht mit der staendigen Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichts- in U.S.A. Auch dieses Problem wurde bei den behoerden des Bundes auch mit den obersten Ruecksprachen von Dr. Breslauer und D Wiedergutmachungsbehoerden der Laender hofs in Einklang, wonach eine hypothetische, d.h. eine nur fingierte Ursache grundsaetzlich Goldschmidt mit den obersten Wiedergutma­ eroertert werden. chungsbehoerden mit dem Ziel einer Revision Im Herbst dieses Jahres sprachen Dr. W. nur dann beruecksichtigt werden koenne, wenn sicher feststeht, dass das hypothetische Ereignis der bisherigen unbefriedigenden Praxis Breslauer, Vizepraesident des Council of Jews eroertert. Eine endgueltige Entscheidung soil from Germany, und Dr. F. Goldschmidt (URO) denselben Schaden wie die Verfolgungsmass- nahmen verursacht haette. auf ejner in Aussicht genommenen im Bundesfinanzministerium in Bonn und bei Besprechung der Ministerpraesidenten der den obersten Wiedergutmachungsbehoerden der Bei den Ruecksprachen mit den obersten Laender erfolgen. Laender Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Wiedergutrr.achungsbehoerden der Laender Hessen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Hamburg, ueberreichten Dr. Breslauer und Dr. Gold­ Niedersachsen sowie bei Herrn Frenzel, dem schmidt ein Memorandum, in dem zu den Administrative Fragen Vorsitzenden des Wiedergutmachungsaus- Runderlaessen zu § 9 Abs. 5 BEG Stellung schusses des Bundestags, und beim Vertreter des genommen wird. Es wurden ferner Probleme Landes Berlin in Bonn vor. Hierbei kamen eroertert, die in den verschiedenen Laendern Das Land Rheinland-Pfalz hat eine beson- vor allem die folgenden Fragen zur Eroerterung. sich ergeben haben. Die Durchfuehrung der dere Arbeitslast durch die Uebernahme der Verwaltungsvereinbarung der Laender wurde " ueberregionalen" Ansprueche der beson­ Ausiegung der BEG-Vorschriften insbesondere mit Ministerpraesident Kiesinger deren Verfolgtengruppen—das sind die und Justizminister Haussmann (Land Baden- Ansprueehe der Personen, die ihren frueheren Im Juni 1959 haben, wie bereits berichtet, die Wuerttemberg) und Senator Weiss (Hamburg) Wohnsitz nicht in Rheinland-Pfalz hatten— Laender eine Verwaltungsvereinbarung getrof- besprochen. uebernommen und ist deshalb mit der Bear- fen, durch welche " sie sich verpflichteten, in beitung der Ansprueche im Rueckstande. Der Anbetracht der besonderen politischen Zielset- Bund hat finanzielle Beihilfe fuer eine deta- zung der Wiedergutmachung Leistungen zu Hoechstrenten fuer Berufsschaeden chierte Abteilung der Mainzer Entschaedigungs- erbringen, die ueber die rein rechtlichen Ver- behoerde, die mit einem Stab von etwa 100 pflichtungen hinausgingen," und verschiedene Nach § 83 Abs. 2 BEG betraegt der monat- Angestellten in Berlin die Ansprueche der Vorschriften des BEG einheitlich—zum Teil in liche Hoechstbetrag der Renten fuer Schaden besonderen Verfolgtengruppen bearbeiten soil, Abweichung von Entscheidungen des Bundes- im beruflichen Fortkommen DM. 600. Antraege zugesichert. Diese Abteilung wird voraussicht- gerichtshofs—auszulegen. der Bundesregierung im Bundesrat, einer lich Anfang 1960 mit der Arbeit beginnen. Erhoehung dieser Rente auf DM. 630 Die Ruecksprachen von Dr. Breslauer und zuzustimmen, sind zweimal erfolglos geblieben, Wegen Personalmangels und streitiger Zu- Dr. Goldschmidt im Bundesfinanzministerium da die erforderliche qualifizierte Stimmen- staendigkeitsabgrenzungen hat sich die Durch­ ergaben, dass der Abschluss von Landesverein- rr.ehrheit nicht erreicht wurde. Den obersten fuehrung der Ansprueche der aus der Stadt barungen als ein aussergewoehnlicher Schritt Wiedergutmachungsbehoerden der Laender Koeln stammenden Verfolgten verzoegert. angesehen wird, dessen von den Verfolgtenver- sowie Herrn Frenzel, dem Vorsitzenden des Oberstadtdirektor Dr. Adenauer erklaerte bei baenden erstrebte Wiederholung erst nach Wiedergutmachungsausschusses des Bundestags, einer Ruecksprache mit Dr. Breslauer und Dr. Ablauf einer gewissen Zeit in Frage kommen und Senator Dr. Klein, dem Vertreter des Goldschmidt, dass in der Vergangenheit die koenne. Landes Berlin in Bonn, wurde die Forderung Wiedergutmachungsabteilung der Stadt Koeln der Verfolgten vorgetragen., dass bei der nun- lediglich Ermittlungen angestellt und Weisungen " Ueberholende kausalitaet" mehr in Aussicht genommenen weiteren des Regierungspraesidenten in Koeln durchge- N ich § 9 Abs. 5 BEG wird fuer Schaden, Erhoehung der Renten auch die Hoechstrenten fuehrt habe. NunTehr werden aber alle Faelle der auch ohne die Verfolgung entstanden waere, fuer Berufsschaeden nicht ausgeschlossen von der staedtischen Wiedergutmachungsab­ keine Entschaedigung geleistet (sogen. ueber­ werden duerften. teilung bis zur Entscheidungsreife bearbeitet holende Kausalitaet). Wenn z.B. ein Verfolgter Das Personal der Abteilung werde soweit ver- aus Koenigsberg Ansprueche wegen Schadens Bewertung von anderweitigem Einkonnnen staerkt werden, dass alle Faelle in der gesetzlich im beruflichen Fortkommen geltend macht, so vorgesehenen Frist (bis 31. Maerz 1963) wird haeufig eingewandt, dass ein Anspruch Bei der Bewertung von Einkuenften, die ein abgewickelt werden koennten. Sollte cs sich fuer die Zeit nach der Besetzung Ostpreussens • Verfolgter im Ausland erzeilt hat oder erzielt, herausstellen, dass die jetzt in Aussicht genom- durch die Russen nicht mehr oder nicht mehr ist grundsaetzlich der amtliche Devisenkurs der mene Personalvermehrung nicht ausreiche, so in voller Hoehe bestehe, weil der Verfolgte, auslaendischen Waehrung zugrundezulegen. sei er (Dr. Adenauer) entschlossen, nocb. wenn er in Ostpreussen geblieben waere, seinen Ergibt sich aber bei der Umrechnung der Ein- weitere Kraefte anzustellen. Beruf jedenfalls nach dem Einmarsch der kuenfte nach dem amtlichen DevisenJcurs zu Da die Durchfuehrung des BEG, wie ein- Russen verloren haette. Bei juengeren V'er- Ungunsten des Verfolgten eine Abweichung gangs erwaehnt, den Laendern obliegt, wird folgten wird ferner haeufig eingewandt, dass von mdndestens 10 v.H. gegenueber der Umrech­ es erforderlich sein. weiter mit den Laendcr- ein Anspruch auf Schaden im berufiichen Fort­ nung der Einkuenfte nach der Kaufkraft der behoerden in Fuehlung zu bleiben. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION December. 1959 OESTERREICHISCHE WIEDERG UTM ACHUNG FROM THE GERMAN SCENE Eine dringende Aufforderung an die oester- VERDICT IN ABUSE AGAINST JEW AUSCHWITZ WITNESSES WANTED reichische Regierung und das Parlament, die laengst faellige Verbesserung der bisherigen Kurt Sumpf, a German-born Israeli citizen, who Persons able to submit evidence concerning unzulaenglichen gesetzlichen Massnahmen fuer die returned with his family to Germany in 1956 and crimes committed at Auschwitz and its branch Nazi-Opfer durchzufuehren, erging von einer leased a cafe in Koeppern, was forced to sell his camps are requested to get in touch with the Sonderkonferenz, die in Genf am 1. November business and move to Frankfurt, as the result of Oberstaatsanwalt beim Landgericht Frankfurt am 1959 tagte und an der Vertreter des Committee abuse to himself and his family and a boycott of Main (Aktenzeichen 4 Js 444/59). for Jewish Claims on Austria, des Bundesver- his cafe. Eleven defendants were charged in bandes der oesterreichischen Kultusgemeinden Frankfurt with harassing Sumpf, and five were und des World Council of Jews from Austria convicted of breaking the peace, assorted mis­ SCHOOLS AND NEO-NAZISM teilnahmen. demeanours and public anti-Semitic libel. The The Minister of Education for Lower Saxony, In der folgenden Resolution gab die Sonder­ other six were acquitted for lack of evidence. Richard Vogt, has drawn the attention of a con­ konferenz ihrer tiefen Enttaeuschung darueber The court prosecutor and the plaintiffs attorney ference of educational officers to the great number Ausdruck, dass Tausende und Arbertausende von said after the verdicts that they were agreed the of neo-Nazi newspapers and youth organisations. juedischen Nazi-Opfern bisher entweder gar keine case was not one of organised anti-Semitism but The subjects propagated by them included oder mir eine ganz geringfuegige Entschaedigung rather individual acts developing out of a small " Ludendorff myths and Teutonic-Aryan ideologies erhalten haben : town reaction to a stranger. after Rosenberg and Hitler ". Some of the propa­ " Mehr als 20 Jahre sind vergangen, seitdem ganda, such as that concerning anti-Semitism and der barbarische Vemichtungsfeldzug gegen die the fight against the "lie" of the German war juedische Bevoelkerung in Oesterreich begonnen TRIAL OF FORMER GERMAN guilt, was reminiscent of the 'twenties. hat. Vor mehr als 14 Jahren wurde Oesterreich POLICE CHIEF von der Tyrannenherrschaft befreit. Aber TRADE UNIONS' YOUTH SEMINARY Tausende der Opt'er sir.d schon verstorben. The Mayence Prosecution Office has announced ohne die Wiedergutmachung erlebt zu haben. that the trial of the former Rheinland-Pfalz police A discussion on recent history was held at a Fuer Oesterreich ist es nun hoechste, aller- chief, Georg Heuser, will open shortly. The youth seminary in the Trade Union house at hoechste Zeit fuer die noch am Leben befind- charge against him is that he headed execution Kleinen Wannsee, near Berlin. The subject of lichen Opfer Gerechtigkeit zu ueben." commandos near Minsk in the Soviet Union, and the anti-Semitic actions under the Third Reich that thousands of Jewish men, women and chil­ was dealt with by Mr. H. G. Sellenthin. SAARLAENDISCHE ANSPRUECHE dren were brutally murdered by the troops under his command. Fristabbuf am 31. Dezember 1959 Heuser was arrested on charges raised by the DANGER OF RIGHT-WING DEVELOPMENTS Es wird nochmals darauf hingewiesen. dass Central Nazi Crimes Investigation Commission in saarlaendische Ansprueche auf Grund des Ludwigsburg, and was suspended from the police In a leading article published in the Frankfurter Bundesentschaedigungsgesetzes bis zum 31. Dezem­ department following his arrest. Allgemeine, Federal Deputy Mueller-Hermann ber 1959 angemeldet sein muessen. warns of the danger which might arise for democracy by the activities of the extreme Right. "NOT ENOUGH JEWS GASSED" In this connection he refers especially to the UNBEKANNTE NOT Walter Hanisch, a 38-year-old masseur, during a Deutsche Reichspartei. Menschen. die wie die Refugees aus Deutsch- conversation with a colleague, expressed the view land und Oesterreich einer politischen Kata- that not enough Jews had been gassed. He was NOVEMBER POGROMS REMEMBERED strophe zum Opfer gefallen und die zu einem sentenced to two months' imprisonment, but Teil heute noch in sehr beengter oder placed on probation on condition he paid 200 DM To commemorate the November pogroms of bedraengter Lage zu leben gezwungen sind, to the Red Cross. 1938. a memorial stone was consecrated at the haben Anspruch darauf, dass sich ihre Berlin Jewish communal centre. An appeal was Schicksalsgenossen urn sie bemuehen. Heinz Hillmer, a minor law court official, was issued to the Dusseldorf population by the city's sentenced to two months' imprisonment by the Oberstadtdirektor, Dr. Hensel ; he also asked his Wir hoeren von Frauen und Maennern. Berlin law court for the same offence. He was insbesondere aelteren Personen. die lieber die fellow-citizens to place any documents in their also placed on probation on condition he paid possession regarding the fate of Jewish families groessten Entbehrungen auf sjch nehmen, als 150 DM to a charitable organisation. eine Wohlfahrtsorganisation um Hilfe anzuge- at the disposal of the municipal archives. hen. Es muss versucht werden auch diesen Several meetings were held in various parts of Opfern der [Catastrophe zu helfen. Deshalb FORMER LABOUR CAMP COMMANDANT Germany. bitten wir unsere Freunde, uns auf Schicksals­ ACQUITTED genossen hinzuweisen. von denen sie wissen. YOUTH MEETINGS AT KZ SITES dass sie sich trotz groesster Not nicht selbst Wilhelm Rohde, former head of the Borgemoor an Hilfsorganisationen wenden wollen. Wir Labour Camp, was acquitted by a West Berlin About 1.000 members of the Munich trade werden im Geiste solidarischer Haltung mit criminal court. He had been charged with atro­ union and Protestant youth movements met at the Diskretion und Schonung uns bemuehen. auch cities against fifty persons, and the Public Prose­ site of the former Dacr.au concentration camp to in diesen Faellen im Rahmen der bestehenden cutor had asked for eight years' penal servitude. commemorate the victims. Moeglichkeiten Erleichterung zu schaffen. In discharging him, the President of the court A youth meeting also took place at the site of Mitteilungen bitten wir schriftlich zu richten stated it was impossible to substantiate evidence the former Flossenburg concentration camp. an: Mr. Ernst Berent Council of Jews from of the crimes, which were alleged to have been Germanv. 183/189, Finchlev Road. London. committed twenty years' ago. An appeal has been N.W.3. ' lodged by the Prosecutor. SWASTIKA SOUVENIRS The Pforzheim law court had to deal with a case against a manufacturer and a distributor of tie INVESTIGATIONS OF NAZI CRIMES ACQUITTAL OF GESTAPO SECRETARY pins and cuff links which had the swastika emblem About twenty trials against 300 defendants are The former Gestapo Secretary, Ewald Sudau, on them. The articles had been confiscated and to be expected in the course of the next year, as who was accused of mass murders in Poland, was the prosecutor had asked that the defendants pay a direct result of the activities of the recently acquitted by the Bielefeld law court owing to lack a fine. The defendants contended that it was not established Central Office for the Investigation of of evidence. He had been attached to the Tilsit •.heir intention to glorify the Nazi regime but that Nazi Crimes in Ludwigsburg. During the past few Gestapo and, after the war, was employed by the the articles had 'been produced for American months, several responsible former S.S. leaders Minden police until proceedings were started souvenir hunters. They were acquitted. have been arrested. against him. NEONAZISM IN VIENNA During a parade in Vienna, organised by several youth organisations, ostensibly as a memorial to Friedrich Schiller, several persons were seriously Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd, injured. When the parade reached the centre of the city, fascist youth marchers broke out with signs proclaiming Nazi slogans. Other youth groups Bankers started tearing down the banners, and the police intervened. A number of demonstrators wore the 91, MOORGATE, LONDON, E. C. 2 brown uniforms of the Hitler regime, and 25 were arrested for exhibiting the emblem of the swastika. Telephone : METropolitan 8151 A spokesman of the Federation of Jewish Com­ munities in Austria protested against these neo- Representing: Nazi provocations, and recalled that the Nazi era t. L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION in Austria had also started with parades and had TEL-AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA 52 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 4. N.Y. ended in the Second World War. Such occur­ rences were therefore to be regarded as a serious warning. AJR INFORMATION December. 1959 Page 3 Hans Mosbacher (Haifa) ANGLO-JUDAICA CHANGES IN KIBBUTZ LIFE Government Post for Jewish M.P. Sir Keith Joseph, M.P., has been appointed Groups from abroad are continually arriving in who have not been in the country for fifteen or Parliamentary Secretary of the Ministry of Israel, mostly from the new African and Asian even ten years or less, marvel how little has Housing and Local Government. Sir Keith, aged States—Ghana, Nigeria. Chad. Burma—but remained of the former austerity, and how far 41, the son of a former Lord Mayor of London, also from Europe, even from West Germany, more normal and comfortable life has become in was returned with an increased majority for desirous to get acquainted with the social and these settlements. The simple wooden huts have Leeds, North-East. at the General Election. He economical developments in the country— long been replaced by concrete houses, but was a Common Councilman and Alderman of students, trades unionists, high officials, military whereas formerly one middle-sized room used to the City of London from 1946 to 1948. and has delegations. Some of them stay for months, be the home of the parents (children until the been Parliamentary Private Secretary to the taking an active part in the life of the State. Two end of the primary school age still live in the Under-Secretary of the Commonwealth Relations items are of main interest to them: the Histadruth children's houses), each couple now has 1| or Office. He was. for many years, interested in the (trade union), its prominent position in the two rooms at their disposal, their own shower work of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and, country, its organisation, its commercial and room, w.c, and even a kitchenette, all formerly until 1956, was Joint Treasurer of the British industrial co-operative affiliations, and the unheard of luxuries when there were only com­ Friends of the University. Kibbutz movement. munal shower rooms, special w c buildings, and all meals had to be taken in the dining hall. To Honour for Mrs. Barnett Janner The kibbutz is still certainly a unique and have a radio of one's own, as most " chaverim " remarkable organisation, but in the older kib­ now have, would in years gone by have been butzim, established up to forty years ago. notable considered a fantastic idea. And the tendency is Mrs. Barnett Janner. J.P.. has been elected spiritual and social changes have set in. It would still growing to create a more individualistic life: Vice-Chairman of the London branch of the be wrong to say that the old " chaluzic "' in some of these old kibbutzim one puts forward Magistrates' Association, and one of the three (pioneer) ideal to which the kibbutz owes its the idea of keeping small children at home, which representatives of London on the Council of the existence has vanished, but it has become less would of course necessitate freeing the mother Association. Mrs. Janner is also very active in decisive. It no longer permeates the whole life from general work in the kibbutz. Another indi­ work on behalf of the Jewish community. of its members ; it does not dictate their activi­ cation of a more " bourgeois " way of life is the ties, as it used to. The founders of the old establishment of " cafes". a kind of clubroom Jewish Attitude to Cremation kibbutzim are now men and women in their where light refreshments can be bought with fifties and sixties, and a new generation has grown " chips " distributed to every member. A scroll of remembrance has been installed at up in a more or less settled manner, without the Golders Green Crematorium in a Shrine of experience of their parents, without the necessity Remembrance specially designed and built for of battling against a hostile nature, hostile authori­ Higher Standards the exclusive use of members of the Jewish faith. ties, and hostile neighbours (although fighting The installation of this scroll brings up the ques­ against invaders from neighbouring inimical The communal buildings for meals, formerly tion of what is the attitude of the Anglo-Jewish States is still a frequent occurrence in the border rather primitive with long tables and crude ecclesiastical authorities to cremation, on which settlements). Quite naturally, the idealistic con­ crockery, have become buildings designed in the Anglo-Jewry does not present a united front. The ception of kibbutz life has weakened and changed, most modern way. spacious and comfortable, with Beth Din and the Federation of Synagogues are although this second generation continues the small tables covered with Formica and tasteful emphatically against cremation, whilst both the work of their fathers and mothers and only a very plastic plates and drinking bowls ; the kitchens Liberal and the Reform Synagogues permit and small proportion of them has left the kibbutz for are supplied with the most modern mechanical practise cremation. The United Synagogue, how­ the towns, or to lead an independent life as appliances, the whole comparable to large ever, whilst maintaining the Orthodox prohibition farmers. restaurants in health resorts. And whereas against cremation as such, is prepared to bury the formerly theatrical and musical performances took ashes of cremated persons in consecrated ground, place in the dining hall, there are now beautiful provided that such ashes are placed in a normal Zionism Obsolete open-air stages and amphitheatres. Cultural life full-size coffin. has in many of these old kibbutzim reached a One vital ideal has been entirely abandoned— very high standard in their concerts, often by Problem of Secondary School Places and this is true for the majority of young Israelis their own orchestras and choirs, in performances —Zionism has become obsolete and, if mentioned of operas and drama, lectures, folk-dancing and, Jewish religious education authorities in London at all, is considered to be a thing of the past. Its of course, films. Several kibbutzim also have have the difficult problem of assessing how many place has been taken by a somewhat narrow their own museums, mainly housing archjeological children will require Jewish secondary school nationalism; political history for these young finds (interest in archaeology is intense in Israel), places in the next few years, and how to provide people begins with 1948, the year of the founda­ but also for very well-arranged exhibitions of such places for them. On present reckoning, tion of the State. Of course, they still learn and works of art. old and modern, of Israeli and about 2,000 children may need Jewish day school know of the beginning of Zionism, its gradual foreign origin. Many of these settlements pride places in the next five years. It is estimated that development and the various waves of immigra­ themselves on their horticultural achievements, on of these about 1,200 wilj require education at tion, but all this is only of historic interest to their well-kept meadows, beautiful flowerbeds and primary schools and 800 at secondary and them—in the same way as the Hitler period— groves, sometimes even fair-sized forests. grammar schools. There will, it seems, be at least and is of no vital influence on their conception of 100 children not able to go to Jewish secondary life. This may be an unavoidable development— These changes are the result of various factors. schools and if the demand grows, the problem the growth of nationalism has its parallels in many The rise in the general standard of living in Israel, will be even greater. young countries—and it is certainly no criterion most notable in the cities, has also had its influ­ of the values and human qualities of these young ence on kibbutzim, moshavot and other villages. men and women. Besides, the old kibbutzim have greatly expanded Annual Parade of Jewish Ex-Servicemen their agricultural production, in kind and in The way of living has undergone a radical volume, using most modern machinery and appli­ Mr. B. Janner, M.P., in his capacity as the change in most of these old kibbutzim, and visitors ances, exporting a good deal of their eggs, citrus President of the Board of Deputies, speaking at and other fruit, ground nuts, flowers, and supply­ the annual reunion and dinner of the Southend ing raw material for industry (cotton, flax, wool). branch of Ajex, said that he entirely disagreed with Several of them have established industrial plants, those who considered that the time had come to producing goods of a very high standard such as stop the annual parade of Jewish ex-Servicemen BANK plywood, furniture, plastic goods, water meters, at the Horse Guards Parade, London. He said etc. All this has contributed to an improvement that he felt, with very many others both within in their financial position, but a very important and without the Jewish community, that the KOSCHLAND & HEPNER factor has been the sums received as restitution, parades, which had taken place since November, mainly by members of German origin, which were 1930, had been the outstanding activity of the nearly entirely handed over to their kibbutz, Association of Jewish Ex-Service Men and LTD. enabling it to realise long-cherished plans. It may Women. Lieut.-General Sir Brian Horrocks had be added that several of the old kibbutzim have told him of his strong views that the parades helped to found new kibbutzim, mainly in the were of very great value to the Jewish community Negev, inducing younger members to settle there and were important in bringing home to those and thus to partake in the " conquest of the who, out of sheer lack of knowledge of the Jewish Zurich, Selnoustroise 6 Montreux, 96 Grand' Rue desert ". contribution towards service for Britain, believed Jews to bear the characteristics " so wrongly Tel.: 051 27 06 30 Tel.: 021 6 22 35 The increase in population in the kibbutzim is depicted and pilloried in certain fiction ". Mr. below the general increase. The newcomers from Janner went on that he held the view that Telex : 5 25 62 Telex : 2 42 68 North Africa, Yemen and Iraq, unable to under­ attendance of ex-Servicemen and women at the stand the meaning of kibbutz life, prefer to settle parade should be encouraged and stimulated. in towns or new villages, sometimes of the moshav The parade was held on Sunday, November (only partly co-operative) type. Perhaps the era 15th, when 3.500 Jewish ex-Servicemen from all of the kibbutzim is very gradually drawing to its parts of the British Isles attended. The service ALL INTERNATIONAL BANKING close, having in the main fulfilled the important was conducted by the Chief Rabbi, the Very Rev. task for which they were established. Perhaps they Israel Brodie. who was assisted by the Senior TRANSACTIONS will continue to exist in different ways, following Jewish Chaplain to the Forces, the Rev. Dr. I. the less idealistic tendencies of the time. Levy. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION December, 1959 Richard Friedenthal until the firm's emblem became the hallmark of undoubted quality. Moritz Heimann, his reader, was the great power behind the scenes; an indefatigable teacher, monitor and corrector, SAMUEL FISCHER CENTENARY exercising the great art of literary midwifery. The centenary of the birth of Samuel Fischer, from the village in the Tatra mountains and, International literature was presented in great founder of S. Fischer Verlag in Berlin, may be a besides his business acumen and his mental names, with a collected edition of Ibsen's works fitting occasion to remember a great man and a agility, he soon acquired an amazing amount of at the outset, a venture not even contemplated by great epoch. His death in 1934 was timely and poise, of ability to get on in the world and, later, the Danish publisher of the originals. Bernard marked also the end of a century of Jewish contri­ a certain dignity that made the very little man Shaw followed soon, and owed a very consider­ bution to German " life and letters", in which with his sharp nose and sharp eyes a very big and able part of his fame to his German public. Later Samuel Fischer had played a highly honourable impressive figure in any society. His handwriting on came Joseph Conrad. Of German authors, not and important part. From very modest beginnings, only to the end remained curiously stiff and only the easy and immediately successful authors a small bookshop in the Friedrichstrasse, his firm angular, with the exception of his signature in were enlisted, but also rather unrewarding and developed into the leading publishing house of the imperial style, ending in a rather pessimistic difficult ones. Not all of them returned the care German modern literature and also became a hook which may denote his recurrent tendency to bestowed upon them with gratitude and thanks, great power in European cultural life in general. depressions in the midst of his great successes. and the subsequent behaviour of men like Her­ When Samuel Fischer died, the list of " his mann Stehr and Emil Strauss is a dark chapter authors" comprised the majority of the then Road to Success in the history of the firm. established " modern classics", from Henrik Ibsen There were other dark spots earlier, in the to Gerhart Hauptmann, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, His friend and companion in early days, Julius private life of Samuel Fischer. He had married Thomas Mann, Arthur Schnitzler, Jakob Wasser- Elias. describes those years in his address on the and his wife Hedwig, nee Landshoff, brought to mann to the so-called minor classics like the poet occasion of the 40th anniversary of the firm: his home a keen interest in music and soon, in and essayist Oskar Loerke, who had been for "" Sie sind beharrlich heraufgekommen und haben the villa in the Grunewald. Erdener Strasse. a many years his reader, or his equally important alles, was zum Aufstieg gehort, selber erworben. wide circle of conductors, such as Bruno Walter, collaborator Moritz Heimann. In many respects Und dabei gar nicht mit starker Ellbogenkraft und pianists and singers. Three children were born, these men were " his authors ". He discovered Ausnutzung. Sondern eher: mit weltlaufiger one son and two daughters. The son, Gerhart, them, he nursed them, he struggled with them and Eleganz. Sie haben in Ihrer griinenden Jugend showed early promise of becoming a musician. with his public, nearly always successfully. zwar nie zur Jeunesse doree gehort, aber Sie His premature death, before the first world war. The story of his firm was an uninterrupted hatten doch Ihre Lebensanspruche, haben mit was the heaviest blow Samuel Fischer had success story, and this fact is only partially Aristipp und Epikur bei Lyraklang und vollen received and may have affected his health explained by the advantage of a wealth of talents Bechern gesessen und sind kein Verachter des permanently. In his son-in-law Dr. med. Gott­ at his disposal, the growth of new movements, the Eros gewesen. Wer den liebenswerten Fischer fried Bermann, a young surgeon from Gleiwitz rise of a new public and the easy material con­ sicher treffen wollte, hatte ihn nur bei seinem who married the eldest daughter, Brigitte. he ditions of the times, permitting a beginner to osterreichischen Landsmann Rothmiller zu suchen, found a substitute, and Dr. Bermann and his wife found a publishing firm with a capital of no more der in der Franzosischen Strasse ein Wiener have in fact, under the most difficult circum­ than 10,000 marks. That was in fact the sum he Speisehaus mit sehr viel kraftigenden Mehlspeisen stances, been able to take over the legacy of started the S. Fischer Verlag with, and he had offen hielt. Ihre Kumpane waren damals Karl Samuel Fischer and to carry on in Vienna, realised it as part compensation for the sale of Bleibtreu, der ringende Pathetiker, Max Kretzer, Stockholm, New York, Amsterdam and now the house in the Friedrichstrasse in which he kept der den Berliner Roman im Herzen trug, und der finally in Frankfurt, in the spirit of the founder his bookshop with his partner Steinitz. His main Uebersetzer August Scholz, der der russischen of the firm, and under his old emblem of the capital, however, was his brain, his uncanny sense Epik seine Leidenschaft schenkte. Aber die fisherman casting his net. of qualities, in people as well as in paper or geistige Gemeinschaft mit diesen drei Kopfen war damals das starkere." printing, and his open mind, grasping at once the A Stirring Testimonial opportunities then open to an enterprising young Forgotten names, and a rather dated style. Soon man in the Capital—with a capital C—of the nsw names would appear, and a new style. The Dark spots, recurrent depressions—and the German Reich. young bookseller and publisher discovered his deepest depression was yet to come. When The bookshop in the Friedrichstrasse was interest in the " Zeitgeist "—" und er hatte das Samuel Fischer died in 1934, his home in the already an important stepping-stone on the way to Gliick, einen Zeitgeist zu finden. dem zu dienen Erdener Strasse was still there, filled with art the final big firm in the Biilowstrasse and the villa sich verlohnte ", as Elias says. treasures, paintings by Lovis Corinth and others, in the Grunewald. where the cream of European Gerhart Hauptmann was his great find, and and memories of the many famous people who writers, artists and musicians would meet, where Samuel Fischer took as the emblem of his house had been his and his wife's guests. The publish­ literary reputations would be made and unmade, the fisherman casting his net wide. Otto ing firm was still there, although under super­ and where " Sammy", as he was called by his Eckmann. one of the leading artists of the vision, under pressure and constant attack. The intimates, was to reside as a kind of uncrowned " Jugendstil" movement, designed the emblem, words contributed by Gerhart Hauptmann to his king with his court and the inevitable hangers-on. still in use by S. Fischer Verlag, and a very fine memory, in their strange mixture of deep emblem it is. The " Freie Biihne" elected veneration, sense of duty and a careful obeisance Humble Beginnings Samuel Fischer as its treasurer, and fared well to the powers of the moment, give a good picture by his organisational skill. The magazine of the of the times: The very first beginnings had been even more same title, a weekly at the beginning, was trans­ "Unmoglich in diesem Augenblick die modest than the bookshop. Samuel Fischer was formed by him into the monthly Die Neue Bedeutung S. Fischers fur das geschlossene born on December 24th, 1859, at a tiny place, Rundschau, and helped in bringing the revolution Werden einer grossen deutschen Literaturepoche Szent Miklos in the Waag valley of Slovakia, then in literature to victory and promoting the authors zu wiirdigen, einer unausloschlichen, nordisch still belonging, as the Comitat Liptau, to Hun­ of the publishing house. The best names were betonten. die, ausser mit ihren deutschen Tragern, gary. The population of the village was 1,400 secured as editors and contributors: Otto Brahm, mit den Namen Ibsen, Bjornson, Garborg, Ham­ souls, and very poor souls they must have been. Bierbaum, Wilhelm Bolsche, Oskar Bie. Thomas sun und anderen verbunden ist. Der entschiedenste Everybody emigrated from that entirely neglected Mann appeared in the publishing list with a first Forderer dieser Epoche ist nicht mehr. and almost forgotten part of the Austro- volume of short stories or rather sketches, and Er hat. ohne sich durch den Gedanken an Hungarian monarchy. The Slovak peasants mostly received 150 marks as an outright sum, with the das bloss buchhandlerische Geschaft aus dem went to America, the more ambitious young men hint of better payments to come if he should be Rahmen literarischen Ernstes und ernster Literatur from the middle classes—there was no upper able to offer a novel " not too long, preferably ". herauslocken zu Iassen, seinen Verlag mit unend- class—to Budapest, Vienna, or Berlin. No pass­ The young man from Liibeck sent in a hand­ licher Liebe aufgebaut, und dieser wurde fiir port was needed in those days, and I doubt written manuscript from Rome, of quite " impos­ viele echte Werke deutschen Geistes, von Thomas whether Samuel Fischer had any official papers in sible dimensions ", as Thomas Mann himself later Mann bis zu Hermann Stehr, die Heimstatte. An his possession for the greater part of his life. described it. insured at the fabulous sum of 1.000 diesem Orte das auszusprechen, ist freilich nicht Quite different, with the progress of time in the marks. It was accepted after many doubts and mehr als Eulen nach Athen tragen. Was mich next century, was to be the position of his widow deliberations: "Ein Roman von 65 Bogen ", wrote betrifft. so verliere ich in S. Fischer einen allezeit and children after his death, who had to apply Samuel Fischer, " ist fur unser heutiges Leben fast tief und treu verbundenen Freund, der aus dem for innumerable visas, affidavits and entrance or eine Unmoglichkeit. ich glaube nicht, ob sich Werden und Wachsen meines Lebens nicht exit permits when they set out on their Odyssey viele Menschen finden. die Zeit und Concentra- hinwegzudenken ist. that was to lead them back, in almost symbolical tionslust haben. um ein Romanwerk von diesem paradox, to Vienna, and then to Sweden, to Japan Umfange in sich aufzunehmen." However, in a Er ist nun dort, WQ es weder Volker noch via Soviet Russia and finally to safety in the handwritten postcript, he praised the "erstaunliche, Parteien. weder eine innere noch eine aussere U.S.A. ganz eigenthiimliche Charakterisierungskunst". babylonische Sprachverwirrung gibt, in einem and finally he printed " Die Buddenbrooks" in Reich, in das wir ihm einst alle, ohne Ausnahme, No thought of going back was in the mind of two volumes, with a cover design by the Sim- nachfolgen. the young bookseller of the 'seventies and plizissimus artist Scholz. He still lived to see the Am 15. Oktober 1934". 'eighties, and Berlin seemed a very safe place to impossible novel reach the million copy mark, as A better and more permanent testimonial is the start a career. The Friedrichstrasse was still in the only work of the highest literary value, ranking list of publications attached to the last edition those days a part of the town frequented by under the otherwise highly doubtful list of best­ (1959) of the Almanach of his old firm devoted literary people, critics and theatre men, and he sellers of the century. to his memory, with the collected editions of soon formed useful connections and friendships Thomas Mann, Franz Werfel. Stefan Zweig, with his clients, although he was perhaps his own The further story of Samuel Fischer's firm is Franz Kafka, Hugo von Hofmannsthal. Carl best customer in his shop, reading everything, the story of modern literature in general, and can­ Zuckmayer and the many names of younger novels, pamphlets, studying prospectuses and the not be told here. His net was cast wider and authors of all countries, showing that the work pronounce nents of the younger generation. There wider, and its meshes were knit ever more tightly. Samuel Fischer created goes on from strength to WJS nothing provincial about the young man A constant process of sifting out was carried on, strength. AJR INFORMATION December, 1959 Page 5 THE MARTIN HEIDEGGER CASE Old Acquaintances How was it possible that Professor Martin man and his being-in-the-world the starting-point Heidegger, a scholar of international repute and a of his thinking. He has created a language of his Home Aeir*: Lucie Mannheim has received the philosopher of great merit, accepted the Rectorate own, difficult to understand but capable of express­ Great Cross of Merit for her post-war services of Freiburg University from Hitler's hands in 1933 ing intangible ideas. (His concern with language for the German theatre.—Oskar Kokoschka came and took over the chair held until then by his and his effort to go back to the roots of words in to London to execute a portrait of the publisher. friend, Edmund Husserl, the great Jewish thinker, order to reach the origins of the " collective soul" Sir Stanley Unwin.—Gustav Regler's auto­ who had recommended him as his successor ? In brought him dangerously near to Hitler's idea of biography, " The Owl of Minerva , has been his inaugural speech he hailed the new regime in language as a means of " clarifying " facts beyond published by Heinemann.—Otto Heller is shoot­ glowing terms, but in all later editions of his princi­ the limits of what can be proved logically, as ing Michael Powell's " Peeping Tom". starring pal work. " Sein und Zeit ", he omitted the original expressed in " Mein Kampf".) Together with Moira Shearer and the Continental actor Kar!- dedication to Husserl, whom he never mentioned Jaspers. Heidegger brought about the revival of heinz Boehm. a son of the well-known Viennese again. Paul Hiihnerfeld gives us the answer, not great names like that of Kierkegaard and Bergson. conductor.—German actress Erika Remberg will only to this case but also to many similar short­ What accounts for the philosopher's strange atti­ appear in " Circus of Horror". starring Anton comings on German thinking in recent years.* This tude under Nazi rule? He was probably serious in Diffring.—Bernard Grun dedicated the 'German critical and unbiased book points out some of the his plea for the preservation of the universities, edition of his book, "The Private Lives of the dangers inherent in certain aspects of German which were in danger of being swallowed up by the Great Composers", published jn Vienna under scholarship and character. party-machine because they were considered as the title " Durchs Notenschluesselloch betrachtet ". too exclusive and " reactionary ". He very subtly to O. M. Fontana.—Herbert Lorn. Gerard Heinz "The Man without a Life Story" compared the students' service for learning with and Karel Stepanek visited Munich to appear in that of the labour corps and the army. But the the Wernher von Braun film Lee-Thompson is Huhnerfeld tries to piece together biographical author thinks Heidegger's temporary conversion to directing for Columbia.—Martin Miller, who made facts about Heidegger which the philosopher Nazism was no " ephemeral error ", as one of his a successful appearance in Anthony Asquith's apologists has called it. " Libel", appeared with Marianne Deeming- deliberately keeps in the dark in order to surround Kupfer in Rice's " Street Scene " on I.T.V. latelv. himself with mystery—" the man without a life One of the reasons for his attitude is his enig­ story " as he likes to call himself. However, he matic personality. He is a typical Black Forester ; Milestones: Rudolf Forster is 75 years old. has a biography and it explains many of his actions subtle, stubborn, and gloomy, an enemy of life The last " first gentleman " of the German theatre and ideas. He was born in Messkirch, in the Black "when it is not heavy and sombre". His made a name for himself when he appeared in Forest, a Roman Catholic, but he gave up his theo­ " barbaric " provincialism, as Huhnerfeld terms it, Zuckmayer's " Pankraz erwacht" in Berlin's logical studies and became a philosopher. When went so far that he declined two offers of a chair Junge Buehne. and became Elisabeth Bergner's he was 34 he was made a lecturer at Marburg in Berlin at a time when everybody would have screen partner.—Dance comedian Egon Brosig is University, and his main work was published at been glad to teach at that centre of European 70 years old. that time. After he had been appointed Rector at intellectual life. There is a certain narrow-minded­ The Iffland Ring: Three days after Werner Freiburg University and after his speech on the ness about his sticking to his native soil, which he Krauss's death in Vienna last month, his widow " self-preservation of the German University " his svmbolises by sometimes wearing a fancy peasant's published a letter by the actor in which he gave enthusiasm for the Fiihrer soon faded, and from costume. Apart from his vanity and authori­ about 1936 he made biting remarks about Nazism. the Iffland Ring to Josef Meinrad, 46-vear-old tarianism where his ideas are concerned, he i9 a member of the Burg, unknown outside Austria. Later on Heidegger became " undesirable" as an lonely man: the Nazis deprived him of his friend­ author, and the publication of some of his works ship with Husserl. Jaspers lost his post because he Albert Bassermann, the last rightful owner of was forbidden. The Nazis probably feared that the did not comply with the Nazi doctrine, and one of that highest honour of a German actor, wanted intellectual force of this strong mind might blow his few pupils, Karl Lowith, emigrated. to name Girardi. Pallenberg and Moissi as his their shallow ideology to pieces. The philosopher, successors but they died before him. So the on the other hand, felt that Hitler would not lead Ring went to the Viennese theatre museum for the nation into the nothingness worked out by his Affinity to Nazism the duration of the Third Reich. Krauss received speculation but into a different kind of chaos. it only in 1954—from whom it is not known. When, after the liberation, the French occupied Heidegger and the Nazis had several things in US.A.: Maria Fein. Uta Hagen, Lotte Lenya, Southern Germany, they suspended him from his common: there was a difference of level but not of Renate Mannhardt, Grete Mosheim. Herbert Berg- lectureship. He is now Emeritus Professor but is kind. Nazism cannot be called a philosophy, it hoff, Martin Kosleck. Ludwig Roth, and Maxi­ still holding a private seminar to which, according is true: " National Socialism is neither a philo­ milian Slater-Schulz took part in a Schiller to Huhnerfeld, only some chosen disciples are sophy nor a way of life ; it originated from the recital at the New York City Hall.—German admitted. German middle-class conception of the world, actor Horst Buchholtz and Franz Molnar's widow, hatched out on plush sofas and practised in the Lilli Darvas. appeared on Broadway in " Cheri ". Huhnerfeld does not underestimate Heidegger's gas chambers of Auschwitz. It is a horrifying —Arnold Marfe of London appeared in Paddy genius, his penetrating mind and originality. He tangle of the romanticism, nationalism, and the Chavefesky's "The Tenth Man".—Henrv Koster does not deny that the philosopher has given us a anti-Semitism in the mind of the German ordinary (n6 Kosterlitz) will direct " The Story of Ruth", deep insight into the problems of existence, making man between 1890 and 1933." (Huhnerfeld.) with Israeli actress Elana Eden, a member of Habimah, in the lead.—Rolf Gerard arrived in • Paul Hiihnerfeld. la Saebea Hetdetzer. Venaeh aber da Both the Nazis and Heidegger hated the 19th acatscaes Genie. Hoffmann und Campe Verlag. 1959. century to which they owed so much, and wanted New York to do the decors for Anouilh's " Fight­ education to be a preparation for " the destiny ing Cock", starring Rex Harrison and directed of the nation", for self-sacrifice. Reason was to by Peter Brook.—Oscar Homolka received an offer to star in William Dieterle's first German be replaced by the irrational; academic freedom by post-war film. " Herrin der Welt ".—Franz Schulz- service. The philosopher was temporarily on Spencer's play, "The Villa of Madame Vidac", Hitler's side because the dictator seemed to him to had a run of thirteen performances off Broadway. be a "Werkzeug des Seins ". Heidegger's philo­ —Kitty Mattern returned from Germany to join sophy of existence, published some years before her husband Sigi Arno. who is working in TV. GEORGE WOLFF Hitler's coming to power, denied the achievements of civilisation and scientific discovery and called Obituary: Liesel Martin, ex-wife of the late man back to the inevitability of his fate. Man Karl Heinz Martin, died in London.—64-year old must face nothingness and death with resignation Amok Bronnen died in East Berlin ; the author of PHOTOGRAPHY and courage. Death and nothingness! "Two " Vatermord", in which Elisabeth Bergner got poles which are dangerous for the German spirit! her first chance in Berlin, was an ardent Nazi and ... A few years afterwards the most terrible became a Communist after the war.—The actor despisers of life were to take German fate into their Theodor Danegger died in Vienna at the age of own hands. Is it really surprising that Heidegger 68.—Henny Porten's husband. Dr. Wilhelm von FASHION stood in their camp?" The author goes deep into Kaufmann. died in Berlin ; for a time he ran the German's preoccupation with the idea of death " Wigger's" in Garmisch.—50-year old actress, and quotes Clemenceau's words about the lack of Margarete Melzer, died in Munich. realism in the German soul and their love of self- Israel: Hans Jarav of Vienna directed Georg destruction. Kaiser's "Tanka. the Soldier " at the Ohel Theatre. ADVERTISING It is Paul Htthnerfeld's aim to show his com­ —Joseph Milo produced F. Duerrenmatt's "Visit patriots how necessary it is to face facts, and to of an Old Lady" for Habimah, with decor by lead them away from the dangers of romantic Theo Otto.—Otto Selberg, former conductor of irrationalism. Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster, the Danzig's Opera House, who was earning his living octogenarian pedagogue who, during a lifetime, by teaching music, died at the age of 81 in Haifa. PORTRAITURE fought for ethical principles and religious tolerance Vienna: Hans Thimig was elected director of sometimes against great odds, says in his recent Reinhardt's school for actors.—Lyda Baarova, the book on " Die Hauptaufgaben der Erziehung Czech actress who was connected with the late (Herder, Freiburg 1959): "We need pedagogues DT. Goebbels, will star in " Ein klarer Fall" at and youth leaders today . . . who have trained the Renaissance-Theater.—Daisy Spiess, former themselves realistically . . . and know that every choreographer of the Berlin Opera, will produce idealism which has not gone through a realistic Egk's "L'oiseau" in Linz.—Kurt Horwitz received discipline leads to every kind of swindle and the Kainz Medal.—Hans Albers will perform 32 CLARGE3 ST., LONDON, W.l escapism." These simple words express most aptly Spolianski's musical version of Zuckmayer's the lesson taught by the Heidegger case. " Katharina Knie" at the Raimund-Theater. GROsvenor 4746 ERNST KAHN. PEM Page 6 AJR INFORMATION December. 1959 W. Rosenstock was set up jointly by the leading German-Jewish organisations and the representative bodies of the immigrants from Eastern Europe. The " Arbeiter­ IS OUR RECORD REALLY BAD? fuersorgeamt " was in charge of the protection of the immigrants' political and legal status, their economic absorption and their welfare needs. By The " Ostjuden " in Germany its very nature, this work went beyond the Jewish philanthropic activities in pre-war Germany. At One of the legends, which tend to develop into way. Having gone through a catastrophe which the same time, it served as a stimulus by means uncontested statements, is that of the alleged did not differentiate between German and Eastern of which the entire system of German-Jewish antagonism with which the Jews from Eastern Jews, it seems doubtful whether anyone would welfare work was eventually revolutionised. To Europe were received in Germany by their express views of this nature today. Yet we have no lesser degree, the meeting between " East" and German-born fellow Jews. The legend is some­ to judge them in context with the circumstances " West " also made its impact on Jewish cultural times even given a slant in the light of the events of those days and. much as one may have dis­ work. The " Volksheim " in the Dragonerstrasse, after 1933, when the German Jews themselves, agreed with them, one cannot easily dismiss them. which was opened in 1916 with an address by who had regarded Germany as their homeland, Things are different as regards the utterances of Gustav Landauer and which was meant as a kind became uprooted refugees and it was their turn the " Verband nationaldeutscher Juden ". In an of settlement for Eastern Jews in the district, to depend on the solidarity and hospitality of article quoted in the book, its founder and Chair­ attracted many young German Jews who. for the Jews in other countries. Many of these Jews in man, Dr. Max Naumann. goes out of his way first time, got an intimate knowledge of the America, Palestine and England were themselves to explain how alien the " Ostjude" is to the unbroken Jewishness of the newcomers. Directly descendants of East European immigrants. " National-German" Jew. A pogrom, he says, or indirectly, the Jewish youth movement (not What are the actual facts ? For the first time provokes in him general human sympathy with only its Zionist section), benefited from this they have been systematically recounted and the victims, yet the sufferings of German prisoners- experience. analysed in a comprehensive book published under of-war in Africa burn his own skin. Mr. Adler- the auspices of the Leo Baeck Institute, covering Rudel states, rightly, that the group was small. the who!e period from 1880 to 1940.* He is also correct in describing them as " extreme Position of Intellectuals Nobody could be better qualified for writing assimilationists". Their political propaganda in Perhaps the most interesting chapter in the the story than is Mr. Adler-Rudel. Born in an German public life certainly lacked dignity and book is that dealing with the position of the eastern outskirt of the former Austro-Hungarian self-respect, to put it mildly. Yet does it not go intellectuals, if only because very little has been monarchy, he held an important position in the a little too far to suggest, as the author does. written about them before. It is noteworthy that organisation of constructive work for the Eastern that the group "negated everything Jewish"? the Historical and the Economic Statistical Jews under the Weimar Republic. He also Like the majority of the German Jews, the present Departments of the Juedische Wissenschaftliche acquired an intimate knowledge of the mentality writer detested the views and activities of the Institut in Wilna (Yivo) had their seats in Berlin, of the German Jews. If he is now the director " N-iumann Group". Yet the historian must including among their members Simon Dubnow of the Jerusalem office of the Leo Baeck Institute, beware of slogans and unjustified exaggerations, and Jacob Lestschinsky. Also, the journalists it is certainly not only due to the fact that the and we cannot get away from the fact that, by Berl Locker and H. Swet lived in Berlin, as did differences between " Jeckes" and other Jews its very name, the group proclaimed its Jewish the Yiddish authors A. N. Stenzl and the brothers have become unimportant in the light of the identity, and that there were active Jewish com­ tragic past, but also because he has become one J. and A. Steinberg, the Hebrew poets S. Schneur of us. Before he went to Israel. Adler-Rudel munal workers amongst its leading members. and S. Tschernichowski. and the philosophers lived in this country for several years, and took Having dealt with such minor reservations J. Klatzkin and M. Soloweitschik, to quote only a responsible part in the rescue work of German which come to mind when reading the book, it some names at random. Periodicals (though some Jews. can be stated that, both in the factual account of them short-lived) and publishing enterprises and in the analysis. Mr. Adler-Rudel has suc­ were founded and. during the first post-war years, ceeded in doing outstanding spade work. Also, Germany was second in the world in the produc­ An Objective Work those amongst us who have been active in German- tion of Yiddish books. All these ventures were Jewish life, will learn many details hitherto also supported by the leading Jewish organisations. The particular value of his book arises out of unknown to them. The author records that, Of the great amount of material recorded in the fact that it is based not only on existing alreadv in 1910. the number of Jews of foreign the book, some items call for special reference. written material, but also on personal experiences. nationalitv amounted to 79.000. i.e. 13°0 of the There was the decree of the Prussian Minister of This gives the story colour and recreates the total Jewish population of 615.000. It may be the Interior. Wolfgang Heine, of November 1919. atmosphere of the events. At the same time, mentioned, in passing, that Jews of non-German instructing the regional authorities of his Ministry though the author's emotions are involved, it is nationality were not necessarily foreign-born as. not to expel foreign Jews as a rule, in spite of the an objective work of historiography. However, contrary to the British system. German-born economic crisis. The decree also gave the inasmuch as the historian is to some extent also the children of foreigners did not automatically acquire " Arbeiterfuersorgeamt" an official status as a judge of the period he reviews, otherwise history German nationality. Anyhow, the number was consultative body in the policy towards foreign books would be only compilations of documents, higher than many of us mav have assumed, and Jews. There is a description of the atrocities com­ the latter statement calls for some qualification. it grew to 90,000 by the outbreak of the First mitted by the guards in the Cottbus and Stargard The contention that, to some extent, all World War. There was an influx during the war internment camps, into which foreign Jews were indigenous Jewish populations have their reserva­ yet. paradoxically, not by sufferance on the part thrown as " undesirable aliens " when the political tions against an influx of foreign Jews, is hardly of the German authorities but at their express situation started to deteriorate in 1921. contestable. It particularly applied to a country desire: to relieve the shortage of labour in Ger­ One of the aspects rightly referred to by Adler- such as Germany, where the Jews were always many, tens of thousands were hired for the Rudel is the fact that the experience gathered in a somewhat precarious situation. Additional German war industry. At the end of the war. in the constructive work on behalf of the Eastern difficulties may have arisen from both the simi­ in addition to the 90.000 pre-war immigrants, Jews in Germany was of the greatest value to the larities and differences between Yiddish and there were 35,000 war labourers and 35.000 German Jews when, in 1933. they were uprooted German. A Yiddish-speaking Jew in an English- prisoners-of-war and civil internees, altogether and required support and vocational training. speaking country is. in the eyes of the man in 160.000. Apart from its practical relevance, it is the street, just a foreigner like a Swede or a impossible to read this book without being con­ Frenchman. In Germany he is considered as a Statistical Facts stantly tempted to compare the similarities and man who speaks a " corrupt " German. This lays differences between the fate of the Eastern Jews him open to contempt or to mockery on the part At the time of the first German census after in Germany and that of the German Jews at the of the Gentiles and to embarrassment on the part the war (1925). which showed a total Jewish time of the catastrophe. The book also excels in of German-born Jews. All this explains that, population of 564.000. the number of foreign clarity and conciseness. while there was every readiness to help financially, Jews amounted to 107.000 (19%). The proportion there was in some quarters reluctance to regard was the same in the 1933 census, but the absolute the immigrants as political and social equals. The figures had decreased to 499.000 and 98.000 respec­ most illuminating example of this attitude given tively. On both occasions the percentage WJS Your House For :- in the book is the speech of the representative 0 highest in Saxony (65 o and 66% respectively), of the Chemnitz Jewish community at the con­ and the cities with the highest percentage of foreien CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO ference of the " Deutsch-Israelitische Gemeinde- Jews in 1925 were Leipzig (80%), Dresden (60%), UPHOLSTERY tag" in 1921. Referring to the fact that in his Munich (27%) and Berlin (25%). The order was community of 4.000 Jews the vast majority (3.100) the same in 1933. except that the percentage in SPECIALITY ^^ were of foreign origin, he said: " We have Berlin (30%) surpassed that of Munich (26%). sacrificed hundreds of thousands of marks for As Adler-Rudel rightly points out. it is a CONTINENTAL DOWN them, to prevent their being put into concentra­ reflection of the political climate of Germany at tion camps. . . We are prepared to grant them that period that an element of 100.000 foreign QUILTS ! everything, yet we cannot grant them franchise. Jews in a total population of 63 million people, We cannot admit that the foreigners rule over us sufficed to serve as an important political weapon AIM RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS German Jews." for the German right-wing parties. The author ESTIMATES FRLE The author does not sneer at this attitude yet. places on record the efforts of the Central-Verein to some extent, he records it in a reproachful as the major Jewish organisation in charge of DAWSON-LANE LIMITED • S. Adler-Rudel : OMjaaca la Plain alaaa1 1*M-1*M. the combating of anti-Semitism in trying to dispel 17. BRIDGE ROAD. WEMBLEY PARK Schrificnreihe wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck unfounded attacks and prejudices against the Talaprvon* : ARM 6671 Institute of Jews from Germany. Foreword by Siegfried Moses. Published by J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). Tubingen. Eastern Jews. DM. 21 ; for members of the Society of Friends of the Leo The major part of the book is dedicated to the iol attention of Mr. W. Ichachmaim Baeck Institute. 21 '-. plus 1 6 postage. work of the Jewish " Arbeiterfuersorgeamt ". which AJR INFORMATION December, 1959 Page 7 gebildeten in Amerika geborenen Familien zusam- BUERGER VERSCHIEDENER WELTEN mensetzt, aus Kindern und Enkeln von Einwan- derern aus Osteuropa. Als diese Gemeinde ihre Synagoge errichtete. eins der geschmackvollsten Zum 60. Geburtstag von Rabbiner Max Grueneicald der modernen amerikanischen Gotteshauser, kam Ein Burger verschiedener Welten ist nach einem Wissenschaft kam, der Gruenewalds jiidisches und Gruenewald zu seiner Gemeinde mit einer Aufsatz im zweiten Jahrbuch des Leo Baeck Insti­ allgemeines Weltbild formen half. Zu den besten Zumutung. Er liess zwei Steinfriese in die tute der moderne Rabbiner, wie ihn die Epoche Aufsatzen aus Gruenewalds Feder gehort sein Langswand dieser Synagoge einmauern, Bruch- im deutschen Judentum zwischen Emanzipation Beitrag zur Festnummer der Monatsschrift fur stiicke aus den zerstorten Mannheimer Synagogen, und Katastrophe geformt hat. Dieser Beitrag Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums zu der liberalen und der orthodoxen. Seine Gemeinde iiber den modernen Rabbiner wird bleiben. Der Heinemanns 60. Geburtstag: Versuch iiber verstand ihn. Mit diesen Resten wurde er Burger Aufsatz spricht von den grossen Wandlungen, die Freundschaft im Judentum. Es waren auch einer neuen Welt. Beruf und Amt des Rabbiners in der Neuzeit Horovitz und Heinemann, die Gruenewald bei der Nach einem Besuch in seiner Gemeinde vor erfahren haben, vom Weg vom Raw der Studier- Wahl seiner Universftatsstudien beeinflussten. Er zwei Jahren erbot sich ein alteres Gemeindemit- stube in die Oeffentlichkeit einer problemtrach- begab sich auf weitgestreckte Bildungsgebiete: glied, mich in seinem Auto nach New York tigen Gemeinde. von dem. was beim modernen Philosophic, klassische Philologie und orien- zuriickzufahren und auf dem Weg begann der Rabbiner vom alten Raw geblieben ist und von talische Sprachen bis zum Sumerischen und Mann mit einem Bekenntnis. Meiner Siinden dem. was zum neuen Typ des Gemeinderrabbiners Hettitischen. gedenke ich heute, leitete er mit dem Bibelwort hinzukam. Aber im letzten hat der moderne ein. Ich bin ein russischer Jude und habe die Rabbiner seine Entscheidung selbst getroffen, nam- Rabbiner in Mannheim deutschen Juden nie geliebt. Als meine Gemeinde lich Burger zu sein verschiedener geistiger Welten. Max Gruenewald zum Rabbiner berufen wollte, Er setzt die Tradition der alten Meister fort, indem habe ich mich dieser Wahl widersetzt. Dann er kritisch ihre Stimme hort, und Auge und Ohr Was die Kollegen in Deutschland vom Mann­ heimer Gemeinderabbiner erfuhren, liess sie habe ich ihn bekampft, wo ich konnte. Aber er sind offen fiir die neuen Eindriicke, den Wider- hat mich besiegt. Er hat mich gelehrt, wer die streit um die Neugestaltung judischen Lebens. aufhoren. Auch andere Rabbiner dieser Genera­ tion suchten ihren Weg zur Jugend und je nach deutschen Juden waren und was ein deutscher Burger verschiedener Welten kann er dann sein. Rabbiner ist. Ich liebe ihn. wenn er echte Glaubigkeit mit einer Liebe zu Temperament und Weltanschauung fanden sie seinem Volk verbindet und wenn sich in ihm ein ihren Platz in den neutralen Jugendvereinen oder Das ist Rabbiner Max Gruenewald, der Burger universaler Ausblick mit jiidischer Gelehrsamkeit bei der zionistischen oder liberalen Jugend. Sie verschiedener Welten und der Mann, den die paart. Und der Aufsatz sagt es : dieses Bild des wurden nicht alle und uberall mit offenen Armen Juden aus Deutschland in verschiedenen Welten modernen Rabbiners in seiner Vollkommenheit empfangen und das Studium am Rabbinerseminar in das Prasidium ihrer Interessengemeinschaft stellt sich nur in wenigen Personlichkeiten dar. allein gab auch nicht die rechte Vorbereitung fiir berufen haben und der der selbstverstandliche die Atmosphare der Heimabende ab. Der Mann­ President des Leo Baeck Institute in Amerika ist. Dem Verfasser des Aufsatzes iiber den heimer Gemeinderabbiner fand einen neuen Weg Er ist der Mann des Vertrauens. der Heifer und modernen Rabbiner sei es an seinem 60. Geburts­ zur Jugend, indem er sich und die Jugend Freund. Als ein ehemaliger Mannheimer Jude tag. den er am 4. Dezember begeht, in Verehrung zusammen lebendig in die Gemeinde hineinstellte. in New York eine bedeutende Stiftung hinterliess, und Freundschaft bestatigt, dass er selbst zu diesen Die Mannheimer Jugendgemeinde war die Neu- bestimmte er als ihren ausschlaggebenden Ver- wenigen zahlt, denen es in Wahrheit gelungen ist. schopfung Gruenewalds, die ihm und nur seiner walter Max Gruenewald. 60 Jahre alt steht Burger verschiedener Welten zu werden. Mit Personlichkeit gelang. Und in Mannheim Gruenewald mitten in schoner und verantwor- diesem Bekenntnis zu Max Gruenewald und mit geschah ein Weiteres, das einmalig im deutschen tungsschwerer Arbeit. Wir diirfen stolz und seinen eigenen Worten konnte schon ein Aufsatz Judentum war und nun schon an der Schwelle dankbar auf ihn blicken. iiber ihn beschlossen sein. Der Rest ist Kommen- der Katastrophe: die Gemeinde wahlte ihren tar, jener mittelalterliche Kommentar des Rabbiner zum Gemeindevorsitzenden. Was DR. KURT WILHELM. " Remes," der Andeutung. Biographie und Gruenewald als Mannheimer Rabbiner in der Bibliographie warten noch der Erganzung in guten Vereinigung von Lehre und Leben bedeutet hat, und fruchtbaren Jahrzehnten. wurde dem Verfasser dieser Zeilen erst in spateren Jahren in Palastina vollends deutlich in manchem Gesprach mit Julius Moses, dem ehemaligen Herkunft und Familie Mannheimer Gemeindevorsitzenden. und mit Isak Unna. dem gesetzestreuen Mannheimer Klaus- Ackermans Max Gruenewald stammt aus Konigshiitte in rabbiner. So haben wenige Gemeindevorsitzende Oberschlesien und ist der Sohn des ehemaligen fur einen Rabbiner und wenige orthodoxe Rektors der judischen Gemeindeschule. Aber in Rabbiner fur einen liberalen Kollegen Zeugnis Chocolates Konigshiitte ist Max Gruenewald nur geboren. abgelegt wie diese beiden Manner gesegneten Er stammt aus Pombsen bei Nieheim. der kleinen Andenkens. westfalischen Gemeinde, in der es beinahe nur De Luxe die Gruenewalds gab, seit Generationen dort Ueber Gruenewalds Tatigkeit in der Kata­ IN BEAUTIFULLY DESIGNED ansassig. und diesen Familien verdankten viele strophe. sein Ausharren bis zum letzten Augen- Gemeinden in Deutschland ihre judischen blick, mitten in schwerem persbnlichen Leid, PRESENTATION BOXES Schulmanner. Man muss einmal in Pombsen seine Mitarbeit bei der Reichsvertretung, geziemt gewesen sein und man muss die Gruenewalds es dem zu schweigen, der diese Jahre nicht mehr gekannt haben, diese prachtigen Lehrer, jeder in Deutschland verbrachte. In dieser Zeit festigte einer eine besondere Personlichkeit. David sich die Beziehung zwischen Leo Baeck und Max MARZIPAN SPECIALITIES Gruenewald von der Samsonschule in Wolfen- Gruenewald. die auf der grossen Achtung des biittel. ein spater Enkel der " Chasside Asch- grossen Einsamen vor der mutigen Personlichkeit kenas', der Frommen Deutschlands; Simon des jiingeren Kollegen beruhte. Kein Zufall, dass Gruenewald in Dortmund, ein Ieidenschaftlicher eine der besten Wurdigungen Baecks Gruenewalds BAUMKUCHEN Lehrer; Max Gruenewalds Vater, der allein aus schoner Aufsatz in der Zeitschrift Judaism ist. dieser Generation der Schulmanner iiberlebende giitige und lebenskluge 90 jahrige Simon Gruene­ wald, nun seit Jahrzehnten in Israel. Wir nehmen Aufbrucb und Neubeginnen an der Freude dieses Vaters herzlich Anteil. den 60. Geburtstag des einzigen Sohnes erleben zu Fur den Burger verschiedener Welten war es diirfen. In dieser westfalischen Lehrerfamilie nach dem Zusammenbruch seiner Welt selbstver- liegen die Wurzeln Max Gruenewalds. Dort war standlich, seine neue Welt im Aufbau Palastinas das angelegt, was ihn zu "einem der wenigen" zu suchen. Der Zionist seit friiher Jugend wahlte gemacht hat: echte Glaubigkeit, Liebe zu seinem die Alijah. nachdem er seine Aufgaben in Deutsch­ Volk. Verstandnis fur die judische Wissenschaft land erfiillt hatte. Es ist schwer von den Jahren und Weltoffenheit. zu sprechen, die Max Gruenewald in Jerusalem verlebte, von seinen Planen und seinen Enttau- Max Gruenewald hat nur ein Amt in Deutsch­ schungen, und nun deshalb schwer. weil man dabei land bekleidet, das des Mannheimer Getneinderafc- war. Schweren Herzens verliess er das Land, biners. Er kam nach Mannheim vom Breslauer liess noch Familie und aus Deuttchland gerettete Rabbinerseminar. das er in den Nachkriegsjahren Habe zuriick (seine wertvolle Bibliothek ging im absolvierte. Der Ausdruck ist unzulanglish jiidisch-arabischen Krieg verloren) und der Burger gewahlt: mit wachsender innerer Beziehung drang verschiedener Welten versuchte das scheinbar 43, Kensington Church St. er ein in die Welten des rabbinischen Studiums Unmogliche moglich zu machen. in Amerika in der und der judischen Wissenschaft. Gruenewalds Heimatlosigkeit seine neue Welt zu suchen. Wenn London, W.8 Treue zum Seminar ist die einer kindlichen Liebe. dieser Versuch gelungen ist, so deshalb. weil das Es ist sein Gedanke. in einem Gedenkbuch das* Erreichte in einer neuen und schweren Pause des WES. 4359 festzuhalten. was dieses Seminar einmal im Lernens erkampft wurde. Gruenewald schlug deutschen Judentum gewesen ist. Als er ins jedes Rabbineramt in einer Emigrantengemeinde and Seminar eintrat. lebten noch von den alten aus. Er widmete sich der wissenschaftlichen Lehrern Marcus Brann und Saul Horovitz. dessen Arbeit und er drang tief ein in die Feinheiten der Tochter Hede seine Frau wurde. In ihr lebt englischen Sprache und erst vor einem Jahrzehnt 9, Goldhurst Terrace, viel vom genialen Vater fort. Von den Lehrern. iibernahm er wieder das Amt des Rabbiners. das die wahrend der Studienzeit ans Seminar berufen zweite seines Lebens. Er half eine Gemeinde in Finchley Road, N.W.6 wurden. war es vor allem Isaak Heinemann. der Millburn in der Nahe von New York aufbauen. MAI. 2742 von der klassischen Philologie her zur judischen eine Gemeinde. die sich in ihrer Mehrheit aus Page 8 AJR INFORMATION December, 1959 IN PARLIAMENT JEWS IN GERMANY ESSEN SYNAGOGUE CONSECRATED ALIENS' DEBATE BRITAIN'S AID TO REFUGEES The new Essen synagogue and communal centre When the Expiring Laws Continuance Bill was In reply to a question to the Secretary of State, was consecrated on October 21st. The service discussed, Mr. Barnett Janner and several other as to what arrangements, in accordance with the was conducted by Rabbi Dr. Salomonowicz and Members of Parliament pleaded for a more proposals made to him by the General Committee by Cantor Korn. At the official dinner held after­ generous policy regarding the admission of aliens of the World Refugee Year, have been made for wards, the speakers included the Mayor of Essen, to this country. the selection of refugees from camps in Europe Herr Nieswandt, representatives of the Israeli Mr. Janner recalled that only recently, on the to be admitted to this country, Mr. Butler stated Trade Mission and representatives of the churches. occasion of the opening of the World Refugee that the Government have arranged for a team to Year, the Prime Minister had pointed out that visit camps in Italy, Austria and Germany, where HAMBURG JEWISH HOSPITAL the generous admission of refugees from Nazi they will interview refugees nominated by the oppression into this country had proved of great United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, The Hamburg Senator of Health attended the benefit to Britain, not only in the field of scientific and select 200 for admission to this country. roof-wetting of the new Jewish Hospital and research, but also in the development of new The team included a representative of the nurses' home in Hamburg. Amongst the guests industries and trades. Mr. Janner especially asked British Council for Aid to Refugees, who would was the former Chairman of the Jewish Hospital. for greater leniency towards the reunion of advise on the suitability of individuals and Dr. Fritz M. Warburg, and his wife, who were families. There had been cases where relatives families for settlement here. Families with visiting Hamburg. It is expected that the hospital had been refused admittance because they hap­ children as well as single persons will be eligible will be completed by the autumn of 1960. pened to be under a certain age, though relatives for admission, and among those selected will be in this country had been prepared to give an a proportion who will require treatment or super­ Dr. OSCAR ROSENBERG HONOURED undertaking that the arrivals would not avail vision for tubercular infection. The British themselves of the facilities provided by the Welfare Council for Aid to Refugees has undertaken Heidelberg University commemorated the 50th State, such as the National Health Service. Mr. responsibility for the resettlement, including anniversary of Dr. Oscar Rosenberg's doctorate, Janner also suggested that it might be beneficial to housing, the finding of employment in co­ which he obtained at that University, by renewing encourage alien students to stay on in this country operation with the Ministry of Labour, and the his diploma. after they obtained their degrees. general welfare of the refugees brought here under Dr. Rosenberg has throughout his life been this scheme. For those who require medical treat­ active in Jewish affairs. He survived the Nazi Another point raised during the debate was ment or supervision, the facilities of the National regime in Theresienstadt and. after the war. greater legal protection for aliens threatened with Health Service, including hospital facilities for returned to the Berlin Jewish hospital with which deportation. those suffering from tuberculosis, will be available. Others taking part in the debate were Mr. S. he has been associated for twenty years, first as a Silverman, Mr. R. T. Paget. Mr. Michael Clark pediatrician and now as its director. Hutchison. Mr. Gordon Walker. Major H. Legge- EX-NAZI JUDGES IN GERMANY EXILED WRITERS Bourke, Mr. Leslie Hale and Mr. F. Noel-Baker. Mr. Swingler asked the Foreign Secretary if, in In his reply the Joint Under-Secretary of State his discussions with Chancellor Adenauer, he A meeting in Cologne took place recently, under for the Home Department. Mr. David Renton. would draw attention to the appointment of the auspices of the recently founded Germania promised to consider the suggestions made. At former Nazis to judical positions. A similar Judaica Library, to deal with the fate of German- present, the following seven categories of appli­ request was made by Mr. A. Lewis who referred speaking writers expelled by the Nazi regime. cants qualified for admission to this country : to the evidence submitted to the Foreign Office Addresses were delivered bv Gerd H. Theunissen Refugees, foreign workers, foreigners of indepen­ involving charges against some 1,000 former Nazi on Karl Wolfskehl. Paul Schalluck on Nelly Sachs, dent means, students, wives and dependent judges. The Foreign Under-Secretary Mr. Allan Karl Keller on Martin Gumpert and Heinrich Boll children of people already here, persons coming replied that he could not disclose what subjects on Jenny Aloni. The difficulties emigrated writers under the elderly parent scheme and under the might be discussed during the Foreign Secretary's had to face was described in an address by distressed relative scheme. confidential exchange of views with Dr. Adenauer. Wilhelm Unger.

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Corsets Silhouette Ltd., M taker Street. London. W.I AJR INFORMATION December, 1959 Page 9 LIEBERMANN EXHIBITION IN BERLIN CULTURAL NEWS An exhibition of Liebermann paintings and OLD DUTCH AND FLEMISH MASTERS WORKS BY ELSE MEIDNER drawings was held in Berlin, under the auspices of the Arts Departments of Tempelhof and This year's great artistic event in Israel was the An art gallery is not just a shop, or at least it Reinickendorf. exhibition of Dutch masters in the Helena Rubin­ should not be. The courageous and devoted stein Museum in Tel Aviv. The whole population proprietress of the Beaux Arts Gallery, at Bruton flocked to see it. Mr. Alfred Brod lent three Place, W.l. has made it her aim in life to sponsor EXHIBITION OF WORKS BY pictures from his own beautiful collection to this and encourage contemporary' artists and in parti­ ARNOLD ZWEIG'S WIFE exhibition : one of them is now to be seen at his cular the struggling younger generation. Refugees Gallery at Sackville Street: Peter de Molyn's from Germany have a special place in her heart, An exhibition of paintings by Beatrice Zweig, " Landscape with Wayfarers ". The exhibition in and she shows a special understanding for them. the wife of Arnold Zweig, took place in East Israel was chosen by one of Holland's best art Frank Auerbach has exhibited there several times Berlin. The exhibits include paintings of Haifa experts. The fact that he selected three paintings and some of his works are on show again this Bay and other scenes in Palestine, where the from the Alfred Brod collection is a splendid month. Heinz Koppel is another artist who has Zweig family spent their years of exile. tribute tQ the lender's connoisseurship. Further­ exhibited at the Gallery. more, we should appreciate Mr. Brod's generosity Else Meidner. whose works have just been DANNY KAYE IN BERLIN for letting them go on such a long and hazardous exhibited at the Beaux Arts Gallery', was born in journey. Germany 58 years ago. One of her principal Danny Kaye recently paid a visit to Berlin, in But what has all this to do with the current teachers was Ludwig Meidner. who later became order to synchronise the German words of his exhibition ? It shows that we can rely on this her husband. Ludwig went back to Germany, latest film. "The Five Pennies". At a press con­ dealer's judgment and that we can always expect where he has met with great success, but his ference held there, he especially referred to his an unusually high standard at his Gallery. This wife continues to live in London. efforts for U.N.I.C.E.F.. the world refugee time, certainly, nobody will be disappointed. We She, naturally, underwent the many influences organisation for children, on whose behalf he find many famous names: Teniers, Caspar of her own time, but she did not succumb to has been most active. Netscher, Peter de Hooch, van Goyen. Those them. She developed and preserved her own who are looking for the not so famous but never­ unmistakable idiom. At first her voice was very PERFORMANCE OF LESSENCS " JUDEN" theless very beautiful will enjoy Roelandt Savery's quiet and lyrical. From that time we see land­ " Flowers in a Glass Vase ". This master's works scapes in chiaroscuro with soft outlines and an Lessings comedy, " Die Juden ". was staged in have all but disappeared from the market. And easy and charming flow of lines. Then she must Berlin by the " Vaganten " troupe. who could not fail to notice the "Still Life" by have discovered Renoir. The colours begin to Martinus Nellius ? It is small and delightful, glow, the nude has a special fascination. POETESS'S BIRTHDAY and its symbolism opens up a whole world of At her latest stage she seems to paint at a hidden meaning. crescendo. There are flower pieces which joy­ The poetess. Use Blumenthal-Weiss, recently Of the thirty-four exhibits, it is impossible to fully proclaim the sun and the radiance of a celebrated her 60th birthday in New York. She say which is the best, but I particularly liked brilliant autumn day. It seems as if this former was born in Berlin, and spent the war years in Jan van Goyen's little " Landscape with a Farm ". refugee from Germany asserts the triumph of life the Theresienstadt and Westerbork concentration The colouring and the melodious flow of lines and man's creative forces as against the hatred camps. A book of her poems, " Mahnmal— seem to combine all the arts: poetry, music and and the destruction the artist has experienced in Gedichte aus dem KZ ", referring to this period, painting. A.R. a long-forgotten past. A. ROSENBERG. was published in 1957.

Such pretty things at Reasonable The Old And New Press Centre In Frankfurt Prices The "Eschenheimer Gass" is one of the traditional newspaper streets of the world. Each day the "Frank­ furter Rundschau" is printed here in hundreds of thousands of copies. This paper combines the spirit of liberal journalism as it has developed through the ages in the town of Goethe with the open-mindedness to portray present day life and modern thought. Our publication believes in tradition and progress. He who wants to learn about Germany will read the Frankfurter Rundschau Specimen copies available free of charge from the printers: BRANCHES IN MAIN TOWNS Frankfurter Rundschau, GroBe Eschenheimer StraSe 16-18, Frank­ furt am Main, Germany

AJR CLUB The Finest Seasonal Gift WE GIVE YOU Buy Your Presents For HONEST & RELIABLE The Festival NOW ZION HOUSE, 57, ETON AVE., Send your friends N.W.3. Radio & Television Service from our Telephone : SWI. 51 1 1 SUNDAY, DECEMBER 6th, at 5 p.m. THE LAND OF THE AJR (or SPE. 1970 after 6 p.m.) ISRAELI AFTERNOON BIBLE CALENDAR HANDICRAFTS GROUP Rika Meshulam: Erelo Hayam dances ; you will get Zahova Simon i songs ; Ora Rotem Each month has a beautiful, fully We again have a variety of prompt and courteous attention (piano). coloured picture of the Holy Land. Gifts for all purposes on Cr a lst-class repair at reasonable cost. SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27th, at 5 p.m. sale at REX ELECTRIC INDS. "OLD FRIENDS AND NEW Non-denominational. 8, FAIRFAX MANSIONS, ACQUAINTANCES " 60, FORTUNE GREEN RD , N.W.6 Packed ready for dispatch. FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.3 A Chanukah Entertainment with Mon.-Thurs. 10 am -1 p.m. ond Gromophone Records presented by 3 p.m.-6 p.m. TOWN & COUNTRY Fri. 10 a.m.-l p.m. and by Mr. and Mrs. A. R. Horwell. Price 8/3, post free, from MARRIAGE BUREAU appointment. (MAI. 4449) Children and Youth Aliyah Space donated by : 124, Gloucester Road. S.W.7 Space donated by S. F. & O. HALLGARTEN TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED 233 Baker Street, N.W.I Phone : FRObisher 1691. Wines and Spirits 38, Feisham Road, Putney, S.W.I 5 WEL. 8355 Importers and Exporters All inquiries strictly confidential. 1, CRUTCHED FRIARS, London, E.C.3 Page 10 AJR INFORMATION December, 1959 CHILDREN AND YOUTH ALIYAH LONDON NEWS CALENDAR LEO BAECK INSTITUTE LECTURE Jewish thinking, and the idea of Jewish Messian- Children and Youth Aliyah are already well- ism, which culminated in Hermann Cohen and known to our readers for their series of Jewish The first of a series of lectures organised by which today influences Judaism the world over, New Year Greeting Cards in which they combine the Society of Friends of the Leo Baeck Institute was decisively evolved in the specific conditions of the business of fund-raising for this most worthy in London was given by Professor Dr. Hans 19th-century Germany. The question as to the cause and the pleasure of introducing the work of Liebeschiitz on Thursday, October 29th, in the significance and meaning of the science of brilliant Israeli and other Jewish artists to the crowded reading room of the Wiener Library. Judaism must be posed anew by the historian ; public. Only a few weeks earlier the Leo Baeck Institute in many ways we should be able to utilise the had moved into the building of the Wiener forces of the past for the future. This enterprising organisation has now entered Library, and Dr. Alfred Wiener, who was in the a new field by publishing a "Land of the Bible" Chair, welcomed the Institute to its new home The response to this first meeting was altogether Calendar. It is a lavish production in full colour and stressed the urgency of increased public very encouraging. Future lectures will deal with and has been carefully designed to suit every­ support for its activities. In this appeal he was a variety of topics and will include talks on " The body, Jew or Gentile, who has an affection for Yiddish Versions of Early German Prose Novels " the Holy Land, the cradle of our religions. supported by Dr. H. Feld. the Society's Chairman. and " The Jewish Contribution to German Lyric Professor Liebeschutz, who took his theme from Poetry ". An advertisement for the Calendar appears in Nietzsche's " Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der A.P. this issue and we can heartily recommend it, both Historie fiir das Leben", reflected on the many for its intrinsic merit and for the nobility of the problems their research into the past must solve LEO BAECK AND JEWISH MYSTICISM cause which it is designed to help. or illuminate. We, who are stamped by what A large audience attended this year's Leo Baeck occurred in the 19th century in Germany, con­ SABBATH OBSERVANCE EMPLOYMENT front a period of history which has unalterably memorial lecture, held under the auspices of the B'nai B'rith Leo Baeck (London) Lodges and the BUREAU terminated. Assimilation is no longer a task, and Society for Jewish Study, to mark the third anni­ it is precisely the fact that an historical develop­ versary of the death of the revered leader of The Annual Report for 1958 for the Sabbath ment has come to a tragic end which allows us to German Jewry. Observance Employment Bureau emphasises the probe into what we wished to achieve and what changes in trades and locale which have taken we were. In his address. " Leo Baeck and Jewish Mysticism", Rabbi Dr. Kurt Wilhelm. Chief place in the community. In the early years, Amongst other points the speaker referred to Rabbi of Sweden, stated that leading scholars of ninety-nine per cent of applicants came from East a certain analogy between the position of Ger­ the past century, such as the historian Heinrich and North London and the firms applying were many in Europe and that of German Jewry, pre­ Graetz, had tended to reject or to minimise Jewish mostly in the East End or City. Today both cariously poised between East and West. It is the mysticism, as was manifested in books like applicants and employers apply from all parts of disturbance of this delicate balance by the ener­ the " Sohar ". Leo Baeck was the first modern the British Isles, and often enquiries reach the getic Eastern Jewish masses which many German Jewish scholar who had realised the importance Bureau from the Continent. Approximately sixty- Jews feared and which gave rise to unjust attitudes. of mysticism in the spiritual history of Judaism. five trades and professions are now dealt with, The contemporary may rightly condemn them ; In a thorough analysis based on quotations from as compared to roughly eight trades in the past. the historian must seek to analyse the underlying Leo Baeck's works, the speaker not only gave With the wide choice of careers open to school reasons for the resistance to the Eastern influx. evidence for his thesis, but also brought to life leavers, more thought was being given to this all- Professor Liebeschutz also pointed out the decisive the stature of Leo Baeck as one of the greatest important matter, and it was felt that a panel of importance of the reserves from the Jewish East Jewish thinkers of our time. In an attempt to for the spiritual development of German Jewrv. trace the main forces which shaped Leo Baeck's professional men and women should also be set The encounter of unbroken Eastern tradition with way of thinking, he came to the conclusion that up to advise and guide university graduates on the Western scientific method bore fruitful results. the personalities who had influenced him most type of career most suitable to their attainments. The new world of Weimar humanism and the during his formative years had been the philo­ The Bureau had not maintained their previous evolution of German philosophy in the 19th sopher Dilthey, whose pupil he was. and, above record, due solely to the recession in many of the century were very stimulating for the Jewish new­ all, his father, the Rabbi of Lissa, Samuel Baeck. trades that were their mainstay. During 1958 the comer, and here the Jews contributed their own A vote of thanks for this outstanding lecture majority of posts filled were for clerks, secretary/ forms of thought. The German preoccupation was moved by Prof. Dr. E. J. Cohn. Mr. A. shorthand typists, saleswomen, bookkeepers and with the State exercised a profound influence on Owen was in the Chair. copy typists.

FAMILY EVENTS Meyer.—Dr. Oscar S. Meyer, for­ ENG. / GERMAN SHORTHAND- Entries in this column are free of merly Liibeck and 15 Portman TYPIST, exp., seeks full or part-time ACCOMMODATION FOR BUSI­ charge. Texts should be sent in by the Square, London, W.l. passed away on work. Box 614. NESS MEN TRAVELLING IN I8//1 of the month. November 9th in Sisseton, S. Dakota, LADY BARRISTER, middle-aged, THE NORTH-EAST U.S.A. Deeply mourned by his wife with initiative, industrious, respon­ First-class accommodation, bed Births and son. 13 Netherhall Gardens, Lon­ and breakfast, and meals if Prager.—A second daughter, Alison, sible and reliable. Know. Rumanian. don, N.W.3, and daughter, Mrs. H. H. German, English, Yiddish, slight required available for business born on October 30th, to Sylvia and Brauer. Sisseton. S. Dakota, U.S.A., men staying in the Newcastle, Peter Prager. 29 Milford Road, Russian, able type, seeks suitable son-in-law and grandchildren. position. BQX 615. Sunderland, and South Shields Grays, Essex. Staadecker.—On November 12th, my area. Bed and breakfast in BOOKKEEPER, expd., reliable, seeks pleasant Jewish (kosher) private Birthdays beloved mother, Marie Staadecker. part-time work. Box 606. Ewtnger.—Mr. Willy Essinger, 52 passed away peacefully after a very house with every comfort 22/6 Vallance Road, London, N.22, cele­ short illness. Deeply mourned and Miscellaneous per night. Write to : sadly missed by her daughter, Olga brated his 75th birthday on Novem­ BERLIN COMMISSIONS. London MRS. K. S. LIPMAN. ber 1st. Staadecker, 156 Fergus Drive, 73, Tynedale Road, South Shields Glasgow, N.W. business man, also experienced in HaveUand.—Miss Lilly Havelland, restitution and compensation matters, Tel. : South Shields 2355. 198 Goldhurst Terrace, N.W.6 (form- CLASSIFIED visiting Berlin in December to middle merly Erfurt), will celebrate her 70th Situations Vacant January, prepared to undertake com­ MISSING PERSONS birthday on December 30th. missions of all kinds. 'Phone PRI. Personal Enquiries Dr. M. Isserhn, formerly Superin­ ELDERLY LADY requires com­ 6167. tendent of the Sanatorium Bad Soden panion-help. Pleasant bed-sitter and Dr. Martin Friedlaender, born A.T., and later in San Remo, will wage offered. Hours bv arrangement. RADIO required for elderly lonely 6.3.1880 in Prenzlau. last-known celebrate his 85th birthday on 'Phone PUTney 7596. couple in distress. Offers would be address. Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Pariser- December 8th. His wife Regina welcomed at AJR offices, "phone Situations Wanted MAI. 4449. str. 32, his wife Hertha and son (n£e Ber) will celebrate her 75th Men Ludwig. born approx. 1919 or 1920 birthday on December 19th. EGYPTIAN REFUGEE, formerly ACCOUNTANT, now able accept in Berlin. Dr. L. G. T. King, 117 further clients. Income tax, auditing, Cricklewood Broadway, London, Golden Wedding manager Imp. Exp. firm, good refs., bookkeeping, etc. MEAdwav 2618. Rosenthal.—Mr. and Mrs. Joseph seeks position as gen. clerk bkpr. N.W.2 (GLA. 7369). pref. in textiles or steel. Box 608. VISITING SECRETARY, typing, Rosenthal (formerly Gleiwiu/O/S), Enquiries by AJR La Paz, Bolivia, Casilla 2039, will GERMAN SHORTHAND-TYPIST. translating, interpreting. Eng., Ger­ celebrate the 50th anniversary of Eng. correspondent, exp. in legal, man. French. Own typewriter. BAY. Mrs. M argot Andrew, formerly of 14 their wedding on December 26th. commercial and all clerical work, 8777. Chalcot Gardens. London, N.W.3, or 35 Bridge Lane, London, N.W.I 1. Deaths seeks position. Box 609. JEWISH COURIER (Provincial EXPERIENCED SALESMAN, tex­ Journal). Literary contributions Misses G. Bianka and Eva Marttese Lie*.—Dora Lieb (nee Levy), of 56 tiles, woollens, cottons : also French, invited. 94 Old Christchurch Rd.. Held, formerly of 24 Parliament Hill. Melrose Ave., London, N.W.2 Bournemouth. London. N.W.3. (formerly of Hamburg, Altona), Italian, Spanish. Willing to travel, passed away on October 29th at the know. Imp. /Exp., seeks suitable Personal Wolfgang Plessner, formerly of employment. Box 611. Coburg, studied in grammar school age of 73. Deeply mourned by her WIDOWER, independent, unattached, sisters and brothers-in-law, nephews Women in Moritzgasse in 30's. Emigrated to late 50s. origin Polish but lived in England with his parents in 1932. and nieces and all friends. She was CLERK/TYPIST, also know. Ger­ Germany for thirty years, wishes meet loved and respected by all who knew man shorthand, seeks full-time job. lady 45-50 view friendship, marriage. Lothar Aron. born 10.10.1923 in her. Good refs. Box 612. Box 607. Schwerin/Warthe. AJR INFORMATION December, 1959 Page 11 OBITUARY PERSONALIA ERNST FRANKENSTEIN British Governments who, yielding to the pressure CARL VON OSSIETZKY REMEMBERED of the Arab States, refused to allow Jewish immi­ Dr. Ernst Frankenstein died in London on gration. In two publications called " Justice for A plaque to commemorate the 70th anniversary October 28th at the age of 78 years. He was a m\ People " (1943) and " Palestine in the Light of the birth of Carl von Ossietzky has been placed lawyer of international reputation and was a man of International Law" (1946) and in a pamphlet on the former office of the Weltbiihne in Kantstr. of independent views and wide cultural interests. entitled " An Open Letter to the Right Honourable 152, West Berlin. Dr. Frankenstein practised as a Rechtsanwalt in Ernest Bevin. M.P." (1946), he pleaded the Jewish Berlin, and already specialised in research on cause with brilliant and erudite legal arguments problems of private international law early in his and the lawyer's conviction that justice is indi­ LESSING PRIZE FOR HANNAH ARENDT career. He expounded the results of his studies visible and must and will predominate. Hannah Arendt, the sociologist, has been in the four volumes of his " Internationales Dr. Frankenstein was interested in many fields Privatrecht", published between 1926 and 1935, awarded the Lessing Prize by the Hamburg of cultural life. He had a masterly knowledge of Municipality, in recognition of her scholarly wherein he reviewed the theories and practice of language and literature. He also wrote poems, this highly specialised branch of the law with achievements. The Prize carries a monetary award some of them of great charm, a collection of of 10,000 DM. scholarly skill, often submitting his own original which was recently published by the Ariel Verlag ideas, contradicting the existing doctrines, of which in Frankfurt. he was rather critical. He was praised for the high standard of his work, but his own opinions, H.N. AWARD FOR KARL MARX witty and stimulating though they were, did not always meet with general approval. The com­ Dr. OSCAR MEYER Karl Marx, editor of the Allgemeine, the pletion of this work was the main ambition of his weekly of the Jews in Germany, has been awarded Dr. Oscar Meyer, London, who died at the age the Great Federal Cross of Merit, with Star, in life. The fourth volume was only published after of 79 whilst on a visit to his family in the U.S.A., his emigration. recognition of his outstanding work towards was an orthopaedic surgeon of high reputation in understanding between nations and races. In 1930 he delivered a course of lectures at the his home town, Liibeck. where his and his wife's Acadernie de Droit International at The Hague, family played a leading part in the affairs of the published under the title " Tendences Nouvelles Jewish community. Besides attending to his large RABBI FOR NORTH RHINE du Droit International Prive" and in 1950, at the practice and official medical duties, he found time invitation of the Leyden University, he wrote a for communal work as president of the U.O.B.B. Rabbi Dr. Ludwig Salomonowicz has been "' Projet d'un Code European de Droit Inter­ Lodge and the Zentralverein. appointed District Rabbi for Dusseldorf and the national Prive", published as a volume by the In London, where he came in 1937, he succeeded North Rhine. He was born in 1911 in Gunzen- Bibliotheca Visseriana. in building up a new practice and was very popular hausen, and was a pupil at the rabbinical seminary Apart from his legal work, his main interest with his many patients, who will treasure the in Berlin. After the war, he was a rabbi in was in later years devoted to the Palestine ques­ memory of this affable and kindhearted man and Malmo (Sweden) for six years, and later came to tion. He was stirred by the policy of successive ph\sician with gratitude. Hamburg.

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"HOUSE ARLET" COMFORTABLE HOME HANS PREISS 77, St. Gabriel's Rd., London, N.W.2 FOR OLD LADIES International Booksellers 'Phone : GLA. 4029 LEO HOROVITZ LIMITED Permanent guests and visitors to London Moderate Terms. SCULPTOR-STONEMASON ore welcome in my exquisitely furnished 14 Bury Place, London, W.C.I and cultured Private Guest House. 68, Shoot-up Hill, N.W.2 H. & c, Radiator Heating, Garden, TV. HOL 4941 Good residential district. Very near buses 'Phone : GLA 5838 Memorials for all 6 Underground.—MRS. LOTTE SCHWARZ. Cemeteries The Exclusive Solon de Corseterie Mrs. MARGOT SMITH 16. FAWLEY ROAD, Mme H. LIEBERG 'THE CONTINENTAL" carries on the tradition of WEST HAMPSTEAD, N.W.6 871. FINCHLEY ROAD 9, CHURCH ROAD, Telephone : HAMpstead 2564 (Next to the Post Office, Golders Greenl 'Phone : SPEedwell 8673 SOUTHBOURNE SIMAR HOUSE Fashionable French, American, and English the private Continental Hotel Models. Ready-made and to measure BOURNEMOUTH with th.e home-like atmosphere JEWISH MARRIAGE BUREAU EXPERT FITTING 10 & 24 Herbert Road, with large London and Provincial 'Phone : Bournemouth 48804 membership, offers genuine/ confidential Bournemouth West introductions. E.M.E. Facing sea ; 2 comfortable Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Bookings for the winter season For further details please write : (Proprietor : H. TURNER, Dipl. Ing.) lounges ; TV ; garden. now accepted at specially reduced terms. T. & N. BLAKE Now from 6J gns. per week. ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS Individual diets on request. 107, FRANCKLYN GARDENS, Mr. & Mrs. H. Schreiber. 34, CLIFTON ROAD, W.9 'Phone : Westbourne 64176 EOGWARE, MIDDLESEX 'Phone : CUNningham 9833 or 'phone STOnegrove 9085 \ Page 12 AJR INFORMATION December. 1959 PRESIDENT LLEBKE'S CONGRATULATIONS GERMANS AND JEWS TO WIENER LIBRARY JEWISH SCHOOLS IN GERMANY ? ADDRESS ON ANTI-SEMITISM The President of the German Federal Republic The question of whether the foundation of a The periodical. Parliament, issued under the sent a congratulatory cable to the Wiener Library Jewish school in Cologne was desirable was dis­ auspices of the Federal German authorities, has on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of its cussed at a meeting convened by the Germania published a report of the discussion between establishment. The message stated that the Library's Judaica Library. The view was expressed, on German and Israeli students, organised by the research work had laid essential foundations for the one hand, that such a step might result in a Bonn " Institut fuer Internationale Begegnungen ". the spiritual fight against National Socialism and new isolation of Germany Jewry. On the other the final victory against racial hatred and hand, it was also felt that " feelings of shame The Munich sociologist. Ludwig Auerbach. in and repentance" on the part of the Christians, his introductory address on " The Development intolerance in Germany. " The visit of Professor and " understandable sensibility and scepticism " from Anti-Semitic Sentiments to Anti-Semitism ", Heuss. my revered predecessor, to the Library on on the part of the Jews, had lead to a psychosis stated that, under the Weimar Republic, the resent­ the occasion of his stay in London, had under­ in the relationship between Jews and non-Jews. ment against what was considered to be Germany's lined the importance attributed in Germany to A 21-year-old student reproached the Jews for unjust treatment after the First World War. was the work of the Wiener Library ", the President not having recognised that the Gentiles had faced the source of these trends. The Federal Republic cabled. up to the crimes of the past, and for not being had not yet been faced with a situation comparable prepared to accept expressions of atonement. to that crisis. It was therefore an open question The Wiener Library, in their reply, welcomed Another speaker was against a Jewish school whether anti-Semitic sentiments, which were still the message as an encouragement for their efforts because he felt that everything had to be done latent in Germany, could again lead to anti- in assessing the years of terror and their conse­ to destroy the myth of the Jew being different. Semitic eruptions. In his view, the events of 1933 quences, and making the result of this research The youth should have the chance to find common and after could be explained by failure in the available, especially to the generation of young ground. erection of moral barriers against such eruptions Germans.

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