VOL, XX No. 11 November, 1965 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN Office and Consulting Hours: 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD, (corner Fairfax Rd.). London, N,W,3 Monday lo Thunday 10a.m.—Ip.m. 3-6p.m. Telephone : MAIda Vale 9096 7 (General Ollice and Welfare ter the Aged), MAIda Vale 4449 (Empioyment Agency, annuallv licensed by the L.CC,. Friday lOa.m.—lp.m. and Social Services Dept.}

of radical right-wing parties and groups in Germany should not be underestimated. WORLD-WIDE SOLIDARITY Furthermore, it was realised that the task of strengthening democracy and eradicating Council of Jews from Germany Meets group hatred and extreme nationalism in Germany could only be carried out by the Germans themselves. On the other hand, Last month, the Council of Jews from authorities in charge of legislation on it was realised that genuine efforts at over­ Germany held a Conference in London, at indemnification. A detailed account of the coming the past and arriving at a new con­ which its affiliated organisations from Council's effective work in this sphere ception of the image of the Jew were being Belgium. France. Great Britain, Israel, would be published soon. made by various sections of the German South America and the U.S.A. were repre­ In his financial report, Mr. B. Woyda people, especially the younger generation. sented. This wide range of countries in (London), Hon. Secretary of the Council, The importance of these efforts was itself testifies to the strong sense of solid­ dealt with the distribution of the funds recognised by the Conference and, in the arity and to the organisational capacity received by the Council in the course of view of all participants, called for a Declara­ retained by the German Jews after their the past years out of the heirless Jewish tion of the Council on its present attitude to dispersion. Without wishing to minimise property in Germany. But for the tenacity post-war Germany. A resolution substanti­ the importance of world-wide federations of the Council, these funds would hardly ating this attitude was unanimously passed. built up by emigrated victims of Nazi perse­ have become available for the organisations Its full text is published below, cution from other European countries, it of former German Jews all over the world. W.R. can certainly be stated that the Council They enabled the affiliated groups to carry of Jews from Germany has a particularly out constructive relief work, especially by high degree of success to its credit. This the establishment of Homes for the Aged. is, to no mean extent, due to the fact that However, Mr, Woyda stated, no substantial RESOLUTION PASSED AT its affiliates in each country carry out wide­ further payments were to be expected, and COUNCIL CONFERENCE spread activities under the guidance of a the affiliates would therefore soon have to large number of devoted, experienced and secure the continuation of their relief work On October 10, 1965, the Council of Jews responsible personalities. These affiliates by their own efforts. Equally, they would from Germany, the representative world comprise the Council's founder organisa­ also have to contribute to the modest organisation of the former German Jews, tions in Israel (Irgun Olej Merkas Europa), administrative expenses of the Council, as held a conference in London at which its U.S.A. (American Federation of Jews from they had done during the first post-war affiliated organisations from Belgium, Central Europe) and Great Britain (AJR), years. France, Great Britain, Israel, South the groups of the twice-persecuted German America and the U.S.A. were represented. Jews in Belgium (Coref) and France (Solid­ Mr. Woyda also reported that the book, After a thorough discussion, particularly arite). and the federation of communities in " Bewaehrung im Untergang," published by about the attitude of the former German South American countries (Centra). Beyond the Council in memory of the perished Jews to Germany, it was stated that by the this, the Council maintains contacts with Jewish communal workers, had met with a completion of legislation on indemnification former German Jews in many other wide response, and that the publication of a and by the opening of diplomatic relations countries of resettlement. second edition was under consideration. between the Federal Republic and the State of Israel, a decisive stage in the develop­ Founded in 1945, with the late Dr. Leo Attitude to Germany ment of post-war policy has been reached. Baeck as its first President, the Council It was also stressed that, especially by the may now look back on 20 years' continuous The activities so far referred to re-affirm German trials of Nazi criminals and by work. It has acted as the spokesman and the need for a world-wide representation relevant literature, the catastrophe of the trustee of the Jews from Germany in those of the Jews from Germany. Yet the raison National Socialist terror regime has been questions which concern all former German d'etre of the Council is not based solely on fully exposed before the eyes of the Ger­ Jews wherever they may now live. Its two the " practical " tasks it has to fulfil. The man people and of mankind. Special outstanding achievements are the work for Council also has to clarify, define and reference was made to the fact that for a indemnification and the foundation of the express its views on the wider problems to number of years important sections of the Leo Baeck Institute for the promotion of which its members have a specific approach German people, particularly of German research work on the history of the Jews in in view of the specific fate they have in youth, have endeavoured to arrive at a Germany. common. It was under this aspect that the genuine understanding of the Jewish ques­ participants of the Conference felt the need tion and its part in the German past, and Report on Indemnification for a thorough discussion on the attitude have made efforts to eradicate the dis­ of the Jews from Germany towards their torted image of the Jew created by the country of origin. The timing of the debate propaganda machinery of the Nazi regime. The Conference was presided over by was prompted by two recent events : the JJr. S. Moses (Jerusalem), President of the completion of legislation on indemnification The Council welcomes such efforts and Council. In his report on indemnification and the establishment of diplomatic rela­ considers it its task to support them Or- W. Breslauer (London), a Vice-President tions between the Federal Republic and the within the limits of its capacity, as far as of the Council, stated that the main requests State of Israel, this is desired on the German side. On the put forward by the Council when the Final Jewish side, during the past ten years the Indemnification Law was prepared, have Whilst there were differences of opinion Leo Baeck Institute, founded by the Coun­ been met. Inter alia, widows who had amongst the participants of the debate with cil, has been trying to contribute to the iost their husbands before 1953 were regard to a number of details, there was rectification of the historical misinterpre­ now eligible for the award of pensions for unanimity on the principles. All agreed tations by the publication of unbiased their husbands' loss of career. Further­ that the wounds inflicted on our generation works on the history of the German Jews more, the discrimination against widows can never heal, and that it would, therefore, and its interdependence with German his­ Whose husbands had died in the Eastern be out of place to conceive the idea of a tory. The Council takes the view that, as part of pre-war Germany had been elimi­ " normalisation" of the relationship far as this is possible during the lifetime of nated. Throughout the years, the speaker between Jews and Germans in our lifetime. our generation, these efforts on both sides stated, the representatives of the Council It was also stated by some speakers that, may help to further the gradual relaxation nad been in contact with the German in the light of past experience, the activities of the tension between Jews and Germans. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION November, 1965 GERMANY TODAY TRIALS Extermination of Lithuanian Jews ISRAELI ENVOY RECEIVED NEO-NAZI INCIDENTS The West Berlin Senate of the West German Federal Supreme Court, in a retrial on charges President Heinrich Luebke of West Germany A series of neo-Nazi and antisemitic inci­ of complicity in the mass murder of Lithua­ received the Israeli Ambassador, Mr. Asher dents occurred in the Charlottenburg district nian Jews in 1941, sentenced two former S.S. Ben-Nathan, for the first time since his arrival of West Berlin just before the West German officers to hard labour for life. Dr. Werner six weeks previously. When Mr, Ben-Nathan parliamentary elections, A Jewish woman Schey and Karl Struve had been sentenced arrived President Luebke was on holiday and was hit over the head by a German artist, on the charges to ten and nine years' hard Mr. Ben-Nathan presented his credentials to who called her a " dirty Jewish swine " and labour respectively by a court in Aurich, the President's representative, the Premier of a " Jewish rat ". A pohceman was beaten up North Germany, last year. The retrial was Hesse, Dr, Georg August Zinn, by a man suspected of smearing Nazi swas­ ordered after the prosecution appealed. tikas. A stone, bearing a note to the effect The President raised the (juestion of the that the beating of the policeman was " a first Sobibor Camp Jerusalem demonstrations against Dr, Rolf warning to traitors " was thrown through the Pauls, the first West Gennan Ambassador to window of Charlottenburg police station, Twelve former S.S. men are on trial in Israel. Mr. Ben-Nathan told him that the " Out with the Jews ! ", " Sieg heil" and other Hagen on charges of complicity in the murder demonstrations had been condemned by the slogans as well as swastikas were daubed in of 250,000 Jews at Sobibor concentration Israeli Prime Minister and by the Israeli press, a number of places. and assured Dr. Luebke that the feelings camp near Lubhn, Poland, during the war. against Dr. Pauls had now been forgotten. A spokesman of the West Berlin Senate Kurt Bolender faces the main charges, said that no neo-Nazi groups existed in West accused of killing 360 people and of coni- At his first ofBcial reception to representa­ Berlin which might threaten democratic peace. pUcity in the murder of 86,000 others. Erwin tive West Germans and the press, Mr, Ben- Disclosing that a total of 794 neo-Nazi and Lambert also faces charges of complicity in Nathan expressed the hope that the antisemitic incidents had occurred in West this trial. He was recently sentenced 1" establishment of diplomatic relations between Berlin between 1959 and 1964, and that 473 Dusseldorf to four years' imprisonment on Israel and West Germany would lead to a persons responsible for 438 of the incidents charges of complicity in the murder of up to considerable expansion of trade between the had been arrested, he said that only 40 of those 700,000 Jews at Treblinka concentration camp- two countries. arrested had acted from political motives. In the small provincial resort of Bad Fellenz—New Evidence YOUTH EXCHANGE WITH ISRAEL Mergentheim. swastikas and antisemitic slogans were smeared in 20 different places. Martin Fellenz, a former S.S. major, was A reception was held before the departure The local council, expressing its regret, sentenced to four years' imprisonment in of a delegation of 30 Israeli teachers, scien­ pointed out that no known neo-Nazi elements Flensburg in January, 1963, on charges of tists and journalists who had completed a were living m the area. murdering two Jews and of complicity in the three-week visit to West Germany. Herr Carl Swastikas. S.S. emblems and the slogan murder of thousands of Polish Jews, W Tesch, the head of the Union of Adult Educa­ " Heil Hitler" were smeared on walls in October of the same year the West German tion in Frankfurt, announced that a party of several places in Coblenz. In Seelscheid, Supreme Court quashed the sentence on tech­ 25 young people from Israel is expected in the near Cologne, two big swastikas appeared in nical grounds, Fellenz is now being tried in State of Hesse soon, and a group from that a street, and the words " Sieg heil" on walls Kiel on new evidence. State will visit Israel in the spring. This is and traffic signs near by. part of a plan to increase exchange visits of Proceedings Refused young people between the two countries. HITLER ADMIRERS DIMINISH According to a spokesman of the Schleswig- According to a public opinion survey by Holstein Ministry of Justice in Kiel, the Flens­ PRAGUE RABBI FOR AACHEN the Emnid Institute in Bielefeld, only four burg public prosecutor has appealed against per cent of the West German adult population the refusal of the local court to open pro­ Dr. Bernhard Farkas, who was until last would vote " for a man like Hitler" if they ceedings against a high-ranking police officer. year Chief Rabbi of Prague and rabbi of the The appeal will 'oe decided by the High Court Jewish communities in Bohemia, Czecho­ had the opportunity. In 1954 about 15 per cent of the West German population replied in Kiel. Werner Meyer, the police officer, has slovakia, is to become rabbi of Aachen, After been accused of responsibihty for the mass 30 years the Jewish community in this Rhine in the affirmative to a similar question. In 1958 it was 10 per cent and in 1963 5 per cent. murder of Jews in Western Russia during town, near the Dutch and Belgian borders, the war. will again have a rabbi and teacher of its own. The institute stated that this year 80 per cent of the people questioned would vote Born in Austria-Hungary in 1902, Dr. Farkas against someone like Hitler, Corresponding Sentence Confirmed studied in Germany, and was imprisoned in figures for the past eleven years had varied Auschwitz and Dachau during the war. He between 77 and 80 per cent,— (J,C.) The West Berlin Senate of the Federal will also minister to the Jewish communities Supreme Court has confirmed the sentence of in Bonn, Moenchengladbach and Krefeld. " ATONEMENT PILGRIMAGE " ten months' imprisonment passed on ex-S.S- which with the Aachen community totals 500 Lieutenant Hans-Walter Zech-Nenntwich by a persons. Today there are only 150 Jews in The German Catholic Church's " Fourth Brunswick court in January for escaping from Aachen which, before the Second World War, Atonement Pilgrimage ' to the site of the prison in April, 1964, He had been sentenced had 1,700, former Nazi concentration camp at Bergen- to four years' hard labour on charges of com­ Belsen. was participated in by more than 700 plicity in the deaths of 5,200 Jews in Nazi- Catholic men and women from Lower Saxony, occupied White Russia during the war. EXHIBITION IN WEST BERLIN The pilgrims attended a ceremony at the Escaping to Cairo, he later returned to Ger­ A display of Jewish cultural art and his­ Atonement Church of Bergen and then walked many and surrendered to the authorities. to the camp site, where special services were torical exhibits from the Jewish Museum in Murders in Galicia Prague was opened in the West Berlin Jewish held at the sandstone obelisk erected in memory of the victims of many nations. community centre. A representative gather­ The trial of eleven former members of the ing of city personalities at the opening were S.S, and Gestapo charged with the murder or told that the exhibition, " Historica Hebraica ", BAMBERG CEMETERY RESTORED complicity in the mass murder of thousands would help acquaint the younger German Thirty-two gravestones were overturned and of Jewish men, women and children in Galicia generation with Jewish tradition and culture, antisemitic slogans and swastikas smeared on between 1941 and 1943, opened in Stuttgart, others when the old Jewish cemetery at Bam­ Hermann Mueller, alleged to have been the JEWISH JURISTS OF WUERTTEMBERG berg was desecrated in June. Members of leader of the Nazi security police headquarters German youth organisations worked 700 hours in Tarnopol, faces the main charges,—(J.C.) REMEMBERED on its restoration. Dr, Itzhak Gruenewald. A collection of biographies of Jewish the Chief Rabbi of Munich, reconsecrated the Jurists who held positions in Wuerttemberg cemetery at a ceremony attended by the 70 Gorta Radiovision before -1933, was published recently. It has members of the area's Jewish congregation been written by Landgerichtsprasident a,D, and officials of youth organisations, Service Alfred Marx (Stuttgart), with an introduction Herr Charles Mandel, the Chairman of the by Dr, Wolfgang Hausmann, Minister of Federation of Jewish Congregations in (Member R.T.R.A.) Justice of the Land Badenia-Wuerttemberg. Bavaria, addressed the gathering, which also 13 Frognal Parade. included Roman Catholic and Protestant Finchley Road, N.W.3 Most of the personalities described in the clergy and town representatives. The youth book perished under the Nazi regime. The of Bamberg had shown that one must fight SALES REPAIRS bioT'-snhies were ori'^inally published at back at the first act of insanity if the spectre monthly intervals in the Gazette of the of the Nazi past is not to walk again, he said. Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, Ferranti, Ministry of Justice for Badenia-Wuerttem­ " Your efforts have proved the devil's seed Grundig, etc. berg, Those remembered include Dr, Otto cannot take root in Bamberg." Television Rentals from 8/- Per Week Hirsch and the former second Mayor of Reinhard Woitzek, who was arrested in July, Mr. Gort will always be pleased to Berlin. Dr. Fritz Elsas, who started his career is alleged to have admitted smearing " Death advise you. in Stuttgart and fell a victim of the resistance to Jews " and other antisemitic slogans in the (HAM. 8635) plot of July 20, 1944. E.G.L. cemetery and in other parts of Bamberg. 1965 AJR INFORMATION November, 1965 Page 3 ANGLOJUDAICA HOME NEWS Search for Chief Rabbi C.B.F. AND O.S.E. APPEAL LAUNCHED CHURCHILL FOREST The process is to start again to find and appoint a new Chief Rabbi of the United The 1965, 66 C.B.F, and O.S,E. Appeal was The Rev, Dr, Isaac Levy, director of the Hebrew Congregations of the British Common­ launched at a reception at the Dorchester J,N,F, in Britain, spoke at a meeting in Hamp­ wealth of Nations. The duties of the Chief Hotel on Wednesday, September 22, under the stead in support of the Winston Churchill Rabbi are being carried out in the meantime Joint Presidency of Sir Keith Joseph and Mr, Forest project. He said that funds for just by the dayanim of the London Beth Din, acting Louis Mintz, over half of the 300,000 trees required had as the Chief Rabbinate-in-Commission. Sir Keiih Joseph sjiid that the C,B,F. and been raised. Expressing disappointment at 0,S,E,, vvith their long and distinguished his­ Anglo-Jewry's response to the appeal, he stated Holy Days tory, now have the responsibility of looking that it had been thought there would have after the elderly and the desperately poor been an overwhelming response from the Many of London's larger synagogues had Jews who live in communities where there Jewish public and that it would not have been record attendances on Rosh Hashana. The BBC are no wealthy Jews. He described the com­ necessary to hold public meetings. He radio announcer on the Home Service forgot munity in Bombay as " poor, even by Indian expressed the hope that Hampstead would have to convey to its Jewish listeners the traditional standards" and the positive avalanche from its own section within the Churchill Forest. As greeting on the New Year, Next day, Tunisia and Algeria which had poured into a result of his appeal 3,500 trees were pledged, apologising for the oversight, he pronounced France with no money for health, education, Mr, Henry Brooke, M,P, for Hampstead, said loud and clear : " Leshono Tovo Tikoseivu ", or religious observances. he hoped the project would be supported by Teenagers were predominant at midnight Sir Keith announced that the target figure the entire Jewish community. Sehchot services at many London synagogues. was £ 175,000, " but this is only chicken feed The AJR is actively associated with the compared with the need ", The requirements scheme, and an appeal was enclosed in the Arts Festival for relief work abroad carried out by the July issue of AJR Information. Whilst quite C,B,F, and the American Joint Distribution a few- members have responded, it is hoped The Rev, Dr, Isaac Levy, director of the Committee had substantially risen because that those vvho have not yet contributed will Jewish National Fund in this country, spoke the subsidies received by the Joint from the send in their donations now, either through in the church of St, Mary-le-Bow at a ceremony Claims Conterence had now ended, the AJR or direct to: The Winston Churchill of religious affirmation held in conjunction Mr. Mintz, who conducted the appeal, said Forest, Rex House, 4-12 Regent Street, with the opening of the Commonwealth Arts that the C,B,F. was dne of the " forgotten London, W.l. Festival, Representatives of Christianity, cinderellas" of Anglo-Jewry, Mr, H, Oscar Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam also partici­ Joseph, Chairman of the C.B.F, and a Vice- CATHOLIC APPRAISAL pated at the ceremony, and those present Chairman of the Jewish Refugees Committee, included the Duke of Edinburgh, said that he was happy to see a senior official In an article entitled " Dangerous delusions, of the Home Ollice present at the gathering, the falsehoods of 'class and race'", Dr, Patrick Jews' Temporary Shelter Askill, consultant psychiatrist to " Novene", "RATIONAL IMMIGRATION POLICY" a Catholic magazine, writes that Jews are, as In the annual report of the president of the a race, exceptionally gifted and brilliant Jews' Temporary Shelter, it is stated that a Sixteen Labour M,P.s have issued an appeal people, frequently reaching positions of number of British residents who were for a " rational immigration pohcy " following eminence, even of great eminence, in the com­ temporarily resident in Israel but who were, a meeting called at the House by Mr. Reg munity. This usually causes antisemitism. " To " for various reasons," unable to settle down Freeson, M,P, for Willesden East, Urging that be antisemitic is almost automatically a con­ there, were among those accommodated last the Government White Paper on immigration fession of one's own feeling of ' inferiority ' ", year. The number of immigrants and trans­ be withdrawn, the appeal stresses that the states Dr. Askill, migrants received by the Shelter during the signatories have " deep misgivings " about it. twelvemonth period under review was 106. The M,P,s call on " all people of liberal The magazine also contains a lengthy feature compared with 128 the previous year. and humane opinion . , , to resist the pressures article on Frankie Vaughan and his work for of ignorance and racialism ", youth. The editorial note explains that the reason for the featuring of a " pop " star is Principal Yeshivot Centre RISE IN INTERMARRIAGE because Frankie Vaughan is a deeply devout and observant Orthodox Jew, a devoted family The Advisory Committee for the Admission In a survey carried out by Mr, Michael man and intensely interested in the welfare of Jewish Ecclesiastical Officers obtained Wallach. secretary and registrar of Jews' Col­ of the youth of this country, approval for the admission to this country of lege and former secretary to the Chief Rabbi, 81 students for yeshivot as well as for 13 it is revealed that the rate of intermarriage ecclesiastical officers for regular employment in Anglo-Jewry has risen in the past ten years SWASTIKA IN BOURNEMOUTH as rabbis, ministers, shochetim, etc. The Com­ from 15 per cent to 25 per cent. It would mittee in its report states that the maintenance At Bournemouth Magistrates' Court it was of the rate of inflow of yeshiva students from appear that more Jewish women than men stated that a large Nazi swastika flag was marry out. abroad is further evidence of the fact that unfurled by four men in front of a crowd of Britain has now become the principal Euro­ In the past ten years 871 people have been about sixty people on Bournemouth beach on converted to Judaism by the Reform move­ pean country where facilities are provided for August Bank Holiday Sunday. Keith Jones, a the training of rabbis, ministers, readers, ment, including 94 last year. The Reform merchant seaman of Bournemouth, was fined movement claims that there are fewer cases shochetim and teachers, as well as for general £25 after being found guilty of causing a Talmudical studies and research, of intermarriage among Reform members breach of the peace. than among the Orthodox, The magistrates were told that the crowd Ajex Remembers Intermarriage seems to be quite prevalent shouted : " Let's get them—wait until the among the 20.000 Jews who still live in coppers have gone." In court Jones denied he Nine branches of the North and East London London's East End. was a member of any Nazi organisation and region of the Association of Jewish Ex-Service also denied waving the flag. Men and Women were represented at the GERMAN EMBASSY annual parade and memorial service held at Official Holiday MANCHESTER BROTHERHOOD WEEK the war graves plot at the Marlow Road Cemetery, East Ham. Readers who have to call on the German Manchester's Brotherhood Week will be Rabbi Dr, S, M. Lehrmann, who conducted Embassy in November are advised that their launchecl from the town hall on November 29 the service, spoke of the need for Ajex to play oSRces will be closed on November 17 (Buss- by the Lord Mayor, Alderman Bernard Lang­ its part in Jewish defence. The term " ex- und Bettag) ton, serviceman " no longer had any relevance he said. The term should be " Serviceman". " We are fighting antisemitism, prejudice and wickedness. It is a sad day that Jews have to be concerned with defending their synagogues Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. from being burned and their cemeteries from being desecrated , We are still ' in service ', Bankers defending not only Jews but humanity ". Hendon Lecture Course BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11 MOORGATE, E.C.2 During the session 1965/66, the Hendon College of Technology, in conjunction with the Telephone: METropolitan 8151 Hendon Zionist Society, will hold weekly lectures on Jewish subjects. The first series of Representing: nine lectures will be given by Dr, J, Maitlis I. L, FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD, FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION on " East European Jewry—Its History and Civilisation " on Thursday evenings from 7,30 TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA 60 EAST 42nd ST,. NEW YORK. 17, N.Y, to 9,30 at Hendon County School, Golders Rise, Brent Street, N,W.4, Page 4 AJR INFORMATION November, 1965

JEWRY IN THE EAST NEWS FROM ABROAD Rosh Hashana THE AMERICAN SCENE DUTCH ASHKENAZIM ANNIVERSARY About 2,000 Soviet Jews crowded into Moscow's Central Synagogue for the Rosh Peace Corps Two of the new bridges in Amsterdam's Hashana services. A large number broke rebuilt " Weesperstraat", once one of the down during the services and wept openly. As Amongst the six new members appointed lo main streets in the city's Jewish quarter, are in the past, the aged predominated, the National Advisory Council of the Peace to be named by the municipality in memory " Pravda " Against Antisemitism Corps by President Johnson, are four Jews, of two Dutch rabbis. They were Dr, J. H, "They are Mr. Saul Bellow, the well-known An editorial in Pravda in which Lenin novelist; Mr, Stanley Frankel, a former Dunner, a former Chief Rabbi of Amsterdam who laid the foundations of Dutch-Jewish was quoted as having called for a " tireless journalist now in the publishing business; struggle " against antisemitism, was reprinted Mr. David Riesman. author and professor of neoOrthodoxy, and Dr, M, de Hond, the in provincial newspapers throughout the social science at Harvard University; and Mr, " rebbe " ot the Jewish working population, Soviet Union, The quotation from Lenin and a Lew K, Wasserman. president of the Music who died in Auschwitz. statement to the effect that relations among Corporation of America. the country's ethnic groups also have inter­ The announcement was made at a meeting national implications, first appeared in a long Holocaust Textbook to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the Nederlands Israelitisch Kerkgenootschap editorial article on " The Leninist Friendship of Peoples ". It is considered that the article The National Curriculum Research Institute (N.I.K.>—the Netherlands Ashkenazi congre­ gation. To mark the occasion Dr. I. Dassberg, had two main purposes : to reply to Western of the American Association for Jewish Edu­ charges that antisemitism in the Soviet Union cation has undertaken a three-year research chairman of the N,I,K,. has been made an project on the teaching of the " Period of the Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau. The is part of official policy, and also to warn Catastrophe" in Jewish elementary and assembly included a representative of Queen Russians against manifesting any antisemitic secondary schools. Juhana, the chairman of the Dutch Senate, tendencies. the Mayor of Amsterdam, members of Roman The study will culminate in the publication Catholic and Protestant congregations, the Graves Restored of a textbook, based on material prepared by Israeh Ambassador to Holland, and representa­ the Institute, now being tested in a number of Local authorities are giving sympathetic tives of the World Jewish Congress. Earlier, support to a campaign by Jewish youth in schools. Dr. Judah Pilch, director of the Queen Juliana received the five Chief Rabbis Institute, dep'ored the ignorance of the Ho o Poland to restore the Jewish cemeteries of Holland, the five members of the N.LK, neglected as a result of the Second World caust among young Jews. executive and the secretary. The newly established Memorial Foundation War. It is estimated that more than 1,000 of for Jewish Culture is contributing 30 per cent these cemeteries need restoration and older of the $70,000 (about £25,000) estimated cost BELGIUM HONOURS VICTIMS Jews have promised to help university students of the project. and boys and girls from Jewish schools in the Jewish representatives were among those work. Mayor of New York present on the occasion of the 21st pilgrimage to the site of Breedonk concentration camp "Babi Yar" Performed Mr. Abraham Beame, City Controller since in Belgium, where political prisoners were Yevgeny Yevtushenko, the Russian poet, was 1961, has been chosen by New York Demo­ held captive. Mr. Wasilewski, the Pohsh cheered by a capacity crowd in Moscow at the crats as their candidate in the mayoral elec­ Anibassador to Belgium, handed an urn con­ first public performance for two years of tion this month Mr. Robert Wagner, the taining the ashes of victims of Nazism who " Babi Yar", his once-banned poem deaUng present mayor, is retiring. died in Auschwitz, Grossnosen, Maidanek and Trebhnka during the war, to the Breedonk with antisemitism in Russia. The concert Public opinion polls are against Mr. Beame Memorial organisation. It was placed in the featured the Moscow Symphony performance but, should he win, he would be New York's camp reliquary, which also contains urns with of Dmitri Shostakovich's choral 13th Sym­ first Jewish mayor. Jews make up more than the ashes of victims of Nazism from other phony, which sets to music five of Yevtu­ a quarter of New York's population. European concentration camps. shenko's poems including " Babi Yar ". New Immigration Bill About 500 Belgian Jews marched through Polish Honours the streets of Malines before laying wreaths in President Johnson signed into law the new the " Kaserne Dossin" at the memorial to Thirty-two members of the Social and Cul­ Immigration Bill ending the old law's system the 24,161 Jews who were deported from Bel­ tural Union of Polish Jews have been awarded of quotas fixed in accordance with the racial gium to Polish concentration camps during decorations by the Polish Coupcil of State. It origins of immigrants and would-be immi­ the war. The ceremony was organised by the was emphasised that the recipients were being grants. Union of Jewish Deportees and was attended recognised for their activities among the Because of the low quotas under the old by representatives of many non-Jewish Jewish minority, who were free and equal law for people born in Eastern Europe, many patriotic organisations. citizens of the new Socialist Poland. Jews were barred from emigrating into the Bulgarian Award U,S,A, This included German Jews who could NORWEGIAN PARLIAMENT not leave Germany in time because their places Mr. Avram Joseph Calo was awarded the of birth had become Polish in 1918. and sur­ As a result of the Norwegian Parliamentary Order of "9 September" (first class) by the vivors of the concentration camps. General Election Mr, Jo Benkow, an Oslo presidium of the Bulgarian National Assembly- photograper, will be the first Jew to sit in the The Order marked Mr. Calo's 50th birthdav Report on Jews in U.S.S.R. Norwegian Storting (Parliament). Mr. Benkow, born in Trondheim in 1924, was returned as and his part in the fight against fascism ano According to an American Government a Conservative candidate for Baerum, a con­ capitalism and in the building of Socialism.— report, antisemitism in the Soviet Union is part stituency near Oslo.— (J.C.) (J.C) of a general campaign of " institutionalised discrimination". The report said that the STOCKHOLM INDUCTION present wave of antisemitism in Russia was Your House for:— largely due to "official discriminatory policies" Rabbi H, Narrowe, formerly of Satellite initiated by the deposed Soviet Premier Mr. Beach. Florida, has been inducted as rabbi of CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO, Khruschev, " Discrimination is readily the Stockholm Synagogue. apparent" in politics, religion, education and UPHOLSTERY culture, stated the report, Jews and other HOCHHUTH RETORT non-Russian nationalities were being forced SPECIALITY to assimilate the Russian language and culture. " Trial of the Bishop ". by Signor Pierluigi " That Khruschev's attitudes towards Soviet La Terza. a former Itahan ambassador, has Jewry are reflected in Soviet policy and been staged in a Rome theatre. It is des­ CONTINENTAL DOWN practice is readily perceived by the drastic cribed as " a retort to the many gratuitous reduction of the number of Jews in the Party accusations" against Pope Pius in Rolf QUILTS and Government organisations", the report Hochhuth's play, " The Representative", declared. The number of Jews in the Supreme which condemns the late Pius XII for his ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS Soviet had dropped to i per cent by 1958, it silence during the Nazi extermination of the concluded,—(J,C.) Jews. ESTIMATES FREE NEW SOUTH WALES APPOINTMENT TALMUD IN SPANISH DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Mr. Abram Landa. a Member of the New The first volume of a Spanish translation 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK South Wales Parliament for over 25 years of the Babylonian Talmud, together with the and a State Cabinet Minister for twelve years, Hebrew original, has been published in Telephone : ARN. 6671 has been appointed Agent-General of New Buenos Aires, Edited by Senor Abraham South Wales in London. He was born in Weiss, the work, which will be in 20 volumes, Personal attention of Mr. W. ShacVman. Belfast in 1902. will take many years to complete.— (J.C.) AJR INFORMATION November, 1965 Page 5 Ignas Maybautn Old Acquaintances IN THE FOOT-STEPS OF SPENGLER Milesiones: Manfred Gurlitt celebrated his 75th birthday. Born in Berlin, he now lives in A Study on Bourgeois Civilisation Tokyo, where he conducts for opera and radio, —Carl de Vogt, who starred in Fritz Lang's Emil H, Maurer's extensive study, " Der condemned as a bourgeois, and if this civilisa­ first film, " Die Spinne ", became 80 in Berlin,— Spatburger" (Francke Verlag, Bern und tion is that of our present day, it follows that Kasimir Edschmid, today the Great Old Man Muenchen), again proves that an excellent the bourgeois must still be alive and must be of German Expressionism, celebrated his 75th sociological survey can be an enterprise with­ the very representative of our age. Occasion­ birthday in Darmstadt, his birth place. He is a out result, Mr. Maurcr offers no guidance ally, Heidegger's definition of the bourgeois member of the P,E.N. Club and of the German and no hope. He laments that the once- as the man who does " what one does ", who Academy of Languages and Poetry,—Richard flourishing bourgeoisie has declined and that obeys the law which the Jones's also obey, Lert, Vicki Baum's husband, who conducts the the bourgeois of today is a "little man", a crops up. But this definition does not fit the Pasadena Symphony Orchestra in Hollywood, is kleiner Mann. As the chronicler of this decline earlier chapters of Mr, Maurer's book where 80 years old.—Ina Seidel, who wrote " Das he writes like Spongier, relating his material the praise of the bourgeois before his " fall" Wunschkind ", also reached the age of 80 in in the pompous style of a Studienrat, never is sung. After this " fall" the bourgeois Starnberg. being anything but an histrionic, and became the " little man", But there it is C.ermany: Joseph Plaut, 86 years old and never offering anything else but the changing again : the little man is condemned—as what ? still going strong, continues to render his vistas of the various cultural epochs. The —as bourgeois. Again we have the indirect performances. — Wolfgang Langhoft was actual concept of culture is not discussed, and admission that we still live in a bourgeois age. appointed an honorary member of East Berlin's is not understood as what it is: a concept Deutsches Theater,—Kaethe Haack will appear primarily belonging to the aesthetic sphere and Wrong Approach to Caltare in " Familienfreuden " in Baden-Baden,—The often cut off from a moral approach. This was City of Dessau is to restore its once famous so with Spengler and is still so with Mr, Mr. Maurer fails where Spengler has failed Bauhaus,—Martin Held played Brecht's Maurer. before him. In the polis both bourgeois and " Galilei" at Berlin's Schiller-Theater,— Yet the subject of Mr, Maurer's book citizen soldier have their habitat. The German Piscator's Berlin production of Peter Weiss's is important. Our Western civilisation is Spenglerians condemn a bourgeois society for •' Die Ermittlung " featured Angelika Hurwicz, bourgeois civilisation. The question what kind having neglected the virtues of the soldier. Peter Capell, Martin Berliner and Dieter of a person a bourgeois is, is a most urgent Spengler put this slander down in writing at Borsche. question. It has often been said that the a time when the bourgeois youth of the Euro­ Home .\«>«r«; Elisabeth Bergner and Max bourgeoisie is more easily discussed than pean nations faced death in the trenches and Mack received the Golden Filmband from the defined. In Mr. Maurer's case this is certainly died " in obedience to the law of Sparta". German Ambassador in London.—Lili Palmer true. He repeats the lamentations of What was in fact responsible for the decline will exhibit her paintings at London's Tooth Spengler, Ortega y Gasset, Max Weber and of of the bourgeois society in Germany was an Gallery later in the year. Together with Irene all those American sociologists who complain approach to culture, understood entirely from Worth she will also star in the new Noel of the industrial revolution's power of an sesthetic point of view. When it was beauty Coward comedy, to have its premiere in Dublin levelling down man and of producing organisa­ in itself which bourgeois culture began to prior to London,—Dr, Paul Czinner produced tion man on the one hand, and man, the cog in pursue, a culture arose which could not pre­ the Rank ballet film " Romeo and Juliet", the machine, on the other hand. We have heard vail. Art without morality is no weapon starring Margot Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyev, this often enough. But what is the bourgeois ? against barbarism. The Rilke-Gift (Rilke —Anton Diffring will appear in "The Blue If the man of the technological civilisation is poison) does not bring forth a generation Max ", a film about the German war pilot Richt­ which could become defenders of hearth and hofen, currently in production. home. The bourgeoisie was great as long as it ISetcs from Kverynhere: Walter Slezak takes stood for reason and morality. When both twelve different parts in the Austrian film became neglected or even rejected, the gates " Liebeskongress ", also starring Lili Palmer were open for the barbarian flood to gush and Curd Juergens,—Max Brod came to through, Diisseldorf from Israel to receive the " Hein­ Kleiner Mann, was nun ? Little man, what rich Heine Plakette ".—Fritz Lang was guest now ? Mr. Maurer is still bewildered by this of honour in Paris and Amsterdam when some J. C. Gilbert Ltd. question which was asked in Germany before of his old films were shown.—Curt Reiss has Hitler. Hitler is defeated, but Mr. Maurer has written a Max Alsberg biography, " Der Mann not yet progressed beyond this question. About mit der schwarzen Robe ", to be published by the years 1933-1945 he has nothing to say in Christian Wegner, Hamburg. this book with its 331 pages, starting with Obituary: Maria Fein, Reinhardt's " Maria enlightenment and romanticism and leading to Stuart" and wife of Theodor Becker, has died our present day. It is high time that we absolve in Ziirich, at the home of her daughter, Maria the anonymous masses from the guilt for which Becker. She was 72.—The 99-year-old widow individuals whom we know and whom we can of Eduard von Winterstein, Hedwig Pauly, name are responsible. The masses are always died in East Berlin, Her last pupil was the unredeemed masses, the massa perdita. Indi­ late Maria Bard,—M, Y, Ben-Gavriel, the viduals have to come forward and bring author and Israeli correspondent of several redemption. The bourgeois age was an age of German newspapers, died in Jerusalem at the individuals. As such it was a great age. It age of 74. His given name was Eugen * can flourish again as an age of individuals. In Hoeflich, His works include the novel, " Haus a wonderful letter the sculptor and poet Ernst in der Karpfengasse", which deals with the Barlach writes 1918 : " Die Masse hat das Wort end of the Prague Jewish community under the und wird es wohl behalten. Was bleibt Nazi occupation. A film version of the book uebrig als die Hoffnung und Aufgabe, die reeeived five awards at the " XV Berlinale ".— Masse zu heben! " (The masses have the say Albert Pulmann died in Zurich, He was born and will go on having it. What is therefore 73 years ago in Czernowitz and acted and pro­ left but the hope and the task to raise the duced at the Bernhardt-Theater.—John F. standards of the masses!) Individuals stand­ Olden, the 47-year-old Austrian-born TV direc­ ing firm on the principles of reason and tor and husband of actress Inge Meysel, died in morality and also moved by the fear of God Hamburg, After the war he was Theatre Officer Columbia House wull bring succour and will help the masses. for the British occupation forces. Books and Authors: Martin Beradt's "Die Aldwych BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER Strasse der kleinen Ewigkeit" is published by Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS. Heinrich Scheffler, Frankfurt, and is about Port exchange. Deferred terms. Berlin's Grenadierstrasse, Beradt died in New London, W.C.2 JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. York in 1949. at the age of 68,—Soprano Frida 2 Pork West Place, Marble Arch, W.2 Leider's book, " Playing My Part", will be Tel.: PAD. 8818/9 pubhshed by Calder, London. AUTHORISED BECHSTEIN RETAILERS PEM Page 6 AJR INFORMATION November, 1965

Erich Gottgetreu und romischen Klassiker ins Deutsche Bewun­ derung und den ermutigenden Ansporn seiner Lehrer auslosten, ZUR GESCHICHTE DES "KLADDERADATSCH ' Loewenstein studierte Philosophie und Phi­ lologie, zuerst in Breslau, spater in Berlin, Da er von einem Verwandten lediglich 60 Taler jahrlicher Unterstiitzung erhielt, lebte er lange Die Gestalt des Dichters Rutlolf Loewenstein in grosser materieller Diirftigkeit und ver­ suchte seine Lage durch Privatarbeiten und In dem in diesen Wochen im Munchner Eine nahere Untersuchung seines Schaffens Nachhilfestunden zu verbessern ; einige Male Scherz-Verlag erschienenen Faksimile-Quer- zeigt, dass sich an Loewenstein in deutlicherer verschaffte er sich ein Extraeinkommen durch schnitt, gewidmet der Geschichte des 1848 Weise die Tragik eines assimilatorisch-exju- offentliches Auftreten als Gedachtniskiinstler, gegrundeten " Kladderadatsch ", wird ausflihr- dischen Schicksals exemplifiziert als an seinen nachdem er von dem seinerzeit beriihmten hch des ersten Herausgebers—Adolf Hoffman beiden Kollegen. Die Verbindung von poeti­ danischen Mnemoniker Carl Otto Reventlow —gedacht, sowie des ersten Redaktionstrios : scher Gabe mit einem gliihenden gross­ dessen besondere Methode fiir das Merken von Ernst Dohm (Katja Manns Grossvater), David deutschen Patriotismus riickt ihn durchaus in Zahlen und Zahlenketten sowie andere Kalisch und Rudolf Loewenstein. die Nahe Berthold Auerbachs, und so wie Gedachtnistricks gelernt hatte. Ernst Dohm wird als " der bestimmende dieser durch seine Historchen, Erzahlungen Beim " Kladderadatsch " war Loewenstein Geist des Blattes " bezeichnet; Kalisch—der und Romane die deutsche Literatur des vorigen von Anfang an mit dabei. Sein Name steht auch ein ausgezeichneter Possendichter war— Jahrhunderts bereichert und Generationen schon auf der ersten Seite der ersten Nummer als der Erfinder witziger BerUner Typen und seiner Landsleute damit beschenkt hat, so vom 7, Mai 1948, wo es in einer Ankundigung Autor scharf pointierter Dialoge ; und Loewen­ hatten auch Loewensteins Gedichte—oder der Redaktion vielversprechend heisst: " Der stein als der eigenthche Hausdichter, Vereint jedenfalls ein Teil seiner Gedichte—einen klare Ausdruck unsres Bewusstseins wird uns waren sie alle in ihrem Glauben an die Ideale grossen padagogischen Einfluss. Die Ein- Manner wie Junius, JuUus, Curtius, Gervinus, von 1848, schrankung ist allerdings notwendig. Auf der Ruppius und Nebenius ;—Loewisohn, Loewen­ Wenn es nun in dem Scherzschen Faksimile- einen Seite—ganz ausserhalb der Tatigkeit fiir feld, Loewenberg, Loewenthal, Loewenheim, Band—eingeleitet von Hans Rothfels und den " Kladderadatsch "-—war Loewenstein der Loewenstein, Loewenherz, Ledru-Rollin, D, A- herausgegeben von Liesel Hartenstein—in Verfasser einer grossen Zahl wunderschoner Benda, Louis Blanc, von Buelow, Expiert und bezug auf Loewenstein heisst, dass er, wie Gedichte fiir Kinder ; auf der anderen Seite, Lamartine, Thiele, Hecker, Eichhorn, Struve, Kalisch, judischer Herkunft war, so iibersehen besonders zur Zeit des deutsch-franzosischen Meding und Herwegh, Jacobi und Aegidi zu die Kommentatoren, dass das auch fiir Ernst Krieges von 1870/71, was er ein nationalisti- Mitarbeitern gewinnen. . . ." Dohm gilt, denn dieser wurde im Jahre 1819 scher Verseschmied krassester Farbung: es -*• als Sohn des Breslauer Pfandleihers und Kauf­ wird von dem Widerstreit der zwei Seelen " in Da die Redakteure des " Kladderadatsch" manns David Marcus Dohm und Enkel von des Dichters Brust" noch zu sprechen sein. fast nie mit Namen zeichneten, ist es schwer, Benjamin Levin Shifrah Dohm, Sekretar der •*• heute ihre Beitrage zu identifizieren, aber es Breslauer jiidischen Gemeinde, geboren. Die Loewenstein stammt — wie Dohm und besteht kein Zweifel, dass von Loewenstein Frau des David Marcus Dohm, Rosalie, war Kalisch—aus Breslau ; er wurde am 20, Feb­ die meisten der wochentlichen Gedichte eine Tochter des Gross-Glogauer preussischen ruar 1819 geboren, Sein Vater war von Beruf stammten, die oft iiber das Niveau der poli­ Hoffaktors Ehas Lichtenstaedt, Elias Levy Destillateur, von Neigung ein recht bedeuten­ tischen " Gebrauchsdichtung " hinausragten. Dohm war acht Jahre alt, als er getauft und der Geiger. Als Paganini nach Breslau kam, Manchmal, besonders zur Zeit der patrioti- Ernst genannt wurde. suchte der den Vater auf ; Rudolf Loewenstein schen Weissglut von 1870, unterlag er den -*• erinnerte sich noch im Alter an den Besuch Zeitstimmungen in gefahrlicher Weise. Man Angesichts des grossen, zunachst pro- des Genies, lese z.B. das Anti-Napoleon-Gedicht, das in liberalen, dann anti-bismarckischen und Rudolf war sechs Jahre alt, als er die Mutter der " Kladderadatsch" Nummer vom 24, schliesslich pro-bismarckischen Einflusses, den verlor, und zehn, als der Vater starb, Noch Juli 1870 unter der Ueberschrift "Gegen der " Kladderadatsch " als Meinungsbildner kurz vor seinem Tode—1827—hatte der Vater den Tyrannen" erschien und in dem es der werdenden deutschen Nation ausiibte, ist Rudolf und seine beiden Bruder in der Refor- heisst: " Dass er gleich Tantalus in Qualen das Phanomen der durchaus " nicht-arischen " mierten Kirche in Breslau taufen lassen. Als achzend / Verschmachten mog in blut'gem Leitung dieser fiihrenden Wochenschrift Versuch einer Begriindung heisst es in einem Siindenpfuhle, / Vom Blute triefend und nach gewiss bemerkenswert—wie man sie auch 1898 von A. Hofmann in Berlin herausge­ Blute lechzend / Verdammt auf ewig, EB samt bewerten mdge. gebenen Buche (" Der Kladderadatsch und seiner Buhle! / Sie lag ihm frommelnd, seine Leute, 1948-1898 "): " Des Vaters Streben fliisternd stets am Ohre, / Sie trieb zum war seinen Kindern neben einer guten Schul- bildung noch eine besonders gute Ausbildung in der Musik zu geben, was dem Sohn spater als Gymnasiast in Breslau durch seinen Ein­ Ackermans tritt in den Kirchenchor von St. Elisabeth Freischule und ein kleines Jahreseinkommen einbrachte," Nach dem Tode des Vaters wurde Rudolf Chocolates Loewenstein in das Waisenhaus von Bunzlau De Luxe aufgenommen, das keins der schlechtesten seiner Zeit gewesen zu sein scheint: der Direk­ IN BEAUTIFULLY tor Kawerau, vermutlich ein Vorfahr des DESIGNED spateren Schulreformers Siegfried Kawerau, PRESENTATION war ein SchUler Pestalozzis, Kawerau verhalf dem jungen Loewenstein spater zur Aufnahme BOXES im Gymnasium in Glogau, bis er zur weiteren Schul- und Universitatsausbildung nach Bres­ MARZIPAN lau zuriickkehren konnte. Von Jugend an beschaftigte er sich mit Blumenzucht, liebte SPECIALITIES zu wandern, zu singen, Gedichte zu schreiben, und wenn der friihe Verlust der Eltern und die DIABETIC spartanische Einfachheit des Waisenhauses CHOCOLATES negative Faktoren in der Entwicklung des Knabengemiits gewesen sein diirften, so muss 43, KENSINGTON CHURCH ST., seine Natur- und Kunstliebe ein enormes LONDON, W.8 Gegengewicht gebildet und seinen Charakter giinstig beeinflusst haben. Ebenso war wohl WES. 4359 and auch die helfende Zuneigung einiger seiner 9, GOLDHURST TERRACE, Lehrer ein positives Element: Direktor Kawe­ rau und Lehrer Holzschuher im Waisenhaus, FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.6 Professor Weichert und Dr. Tschirer spater MAI. 2742 auf dem Gymnasium. Es heisst, dass seine metrischen Uebertragungen der griechischen APIOOB AJR INFORMATION November, 1965 Page 7 Zur Geschichte des "Kladderadatsch^^ JEWS OF KARLSRUHE REMEMBERED To mark the 250th anniversary of the foun­ dation of the City of Karlsruhe a chronicle of Volkerstierkampf die Gesellen, / Wie sie vom des " Kindergartens" in die Hande gefallen. the town was compiled by Herbert Meininger seller einst die Metadore / Mit heissem Blick Das ist in jedem Betracht ein so schones Buch and Hubert Doerrschuck (Verlag G. Braun, antrieb, den Stier zu fallen. / Dass eh der und offensichtUch to typisch fiir den Verlag C. F. Miiller, Karlsruhe, 1965). It carries Sonne Licht und Stern erblasse — / Also " anderen " Loewenstein, dass es dabei etwas photographs of the old synagogue and also geloben wir mit heil'gen Schwiiren — /Eh zu verweilen lohnt, records the activities of scientists like Heinrich diese Bastard-Art hispan'scher Race / Und Der voile Titel auf dem gelben, bereits Hertz and Fritz Haber, both of whom held Corsenbluts noch darf das Scepter fiihren! ehrenvoll abgegriffenen Papp-Einband ist: appointments in Karlsruhe. / Verloscht die Leuchten ! Doch unloschbar " Kindergarten" von Rudolf Loewenstein— According to the chronicle the number of lodert / Im deutschen Herzen der Begeisterung Mit zahlreichen lUustrationen von Th, Hose- Jews in Karlsruhe amounted to 3,500 in 1933, Flamme. / Noch steht die deutsche Eiche mann, W, Claudius, Flinzer, Biirkner u. a." The Jewish community was founded in 1730. unvermodert, / Und neues Leben quillt im Wie grosser Beliebtheit sich das Buch bei den It received its severest blow when, on October alten Stamme." Erziehern der alteren Generation erfreut 22, 1940, 894 of its members were deported to Diese Wildheit der Phantasie im Dienste haben muss, geht daraus hervor, dass eine Gurs (Southern France), Like the Jews from eines ziigellosen hassgezeugten Chauvinismus ganze Anzahl der Gewachse aus dem Loewen- other parts of Badenia, many of the 5,600 ist allerdings erschiitternd. Nur ein Mann— stein'schen Kindergarten in deutsche SchuUe- deportees perished. und auch der ein Taufling, der sich viel be­ sebiicher iibernommen worden sind, wahrend References are also made to the former mem­ weisen musste—hat ihn darin noch einmal der komplette Band offenbar eine beliebte bers of the Reichstag. Dr. Ludwig Haas (1875- erreicht, uber vier Jahrzehnte spater : Maxi­ Schulpramie gewesen sein muss ; mein (Jeru­ 1930) and Staatsrat Ludwig Marum who milian Harden in der " Zukunft ". salemer) Exemplar wurde beispielsweise am perished in prison in 1934 at the hands of the Es besteht nicht der geringste Anlass, an der 1. Oktober 1904 " Der Schulerin der Margare- Nazis. Echtheit von Loewensteins patriotischer Gesin­ tenschule Ilse Grand als Anerkennung fUr The pubUcation also remembers the surgeon nung zu zweifeln—so wie ja auch kein Grund Fleiss und Wohlverhalten" uberreicht, was Dr. Fritz Spanier and philanthropists such as besteht, die absolute Aufrichtigkeit in den sich Prof. Dr, Cohens als Direktor, Fraulein B. Dr. Friedrich Ettlinger and members of the wandelnden Auffassungen Hardens in Frage zu Besendahl als Ordinaria der Klasse 8 M in dem Straus family. stellen. Das Bemerkenswerte ist nur, dass eingedruckten Widmungstext durch ihre After the war a small new Jewish commun­ dieser Rudolf Loewenstein des exaltierten, Unterschrift bezeugen, ity, headed by Otto Nachmann, was established aggressiven deutschen Chauvinismus von Haus Viele der Gedichte sind mit reizenden which, in 1960, comprised about 200 members. aus absolut humanistisch gesonnen gewesen ist Illustrationen im Stil der Grosseltern- und —E,G,L, und—wirkUch ein Lyriker. Schon bevor er Urgrosselternzeit versehen (dass sich u, a. 1848 in die " Kladderadatsch "-Redaktion Theodor Hosemann als Illustrator fand. besagt ISRAEL eingetreten war, hatte er lyrische Gedichte in nicht wenig), und bei einer Anzahl wird ver­ Yugoslav Ships Purchased verschiedenen schlesischen Blattern veroffent­ merkt, dass sie in Musik gesetzt wurden— Two 7.000-ton cargo ships, each costing licht ; 1845 erschien eine Sammlung von wobei gleichfalls die Namen einiger jiidischer about £2,070.000, have been ordered by Kindergedichten unter dem Titel " Kinder­ Komponisten auffallen, z. B, Lewandowsky, Israel's Zim Navigation Company from a ship­ garten ", die ihn allgemein bekannt werden Gumbert und Taubert. yard in Split, Yugoslavia, The ships will liess ; spater gab er einen Gedichtzyklus unter transport timber from Africa. dem galanten Titel " Ehret die Frauen" Manche der Schopfungen Loewensteinscher The first time Yugoslavia has been asked heraus; 1885 veroffentlichte er eine zweite Poesie haben im Laufe der Jahrzehnte ein to build ships for Israel, the order comes Folge des damals schon in mehreren Auflagen Eigenleben bekommen wie Volkslieder—ob within the terms of the trade agreement gedruckten " Kindergarten ", der er den Titel nun wirklich Noten fiir sie geschrieben wurden between the two countries. '• Kindergedanken " gab—was zeigt. dass Loe­ Oder nicht. Das gilt beispielsweise fiir das in The last of ten passenger coaches ordered unsrer Jugend noch sehr popular gewesene in Yugoslavia are now in service with Israeli wenstein auch wahrend seiner achtunddreissig- Railways, jahrigen Redaktionstatigkeit am " Kladdera­ (und in der Tat in Musik gesetzte): " Tara, datsch " niemals aufgehort hat unpolitische trara ! Die Post ist da ! Von weitem hbr ich Department Store Opened in Tel Aviv Gedichte zu schreiben. schon den Ton : Sein Liedlein blast der Pos­ An ultra-modern department store, • tilion. , , " ; das gilt weiter fiir das vielfach " Shalom", was opened in Tel Aviv. The komponierte Tanz-Lied : " Die Bremse strich In einem Jerusalemer Antiquariat ist mir three-storey building is owned by Mayer den Contrebass, die Grille strich die Fiedel. Brothers and claims to be the Israeli equiva­ neulich zufallig ein Exemplar der 5, Auflage die Kafer all in Laub und Gras begannen nun lent of Macys in New York and Selfridges ihr Liedel . . ." ; " Ach, Vater, sprich, wie in London. fang ich's an, dass ich die Spatzen fangen kann ? " ; " Sitzt ein Voglein—widewidewid— Don't suffer from the effects of DRY AIR caused by auf dem grunen Baume " ;—nicht zu vergessen die wunderschonen " metaphysischen" Ge­ Central-Heating dichte wie " Wie alt ist wohl der liebe Gott ? ; " Wie hoch mag wohl der Himmel sein ? " und " Wie lang ist wohl die Ewigkeit ? "

•*• Es ist schwer, den Dichter und den Kriegs- verseschmied Rudolf Loewenstein unter einen Hut zu bringen. ZusatzUche Dokumente seines Lebens, Briefe etwa, wie es sie so reichlich und so aufschlussreich zur Biographie Berthold Auerbachs gibt, scheinen nicht gesammelt worden zu sein. Und iiber seine letzten Lebensjahre wissen wir noch weniger als fiber den Beginn seiner Laufbahn in Armut und fiber sein Erklimmen der Gipfel weitester Popularitat, Allem Anschein nach waren seine letzten INSTALL A HUMIDIFIER Lebensjahre nicht zu glucklich. Dohm, on vour Radiator and be free from an unpleasant KaUsch, Hofmann und Scholz—alle von der and unhealthy atmosphere. alten Garde starben vor ihm. Mit ihren Nach- '¥ folgern in der Redaktion stand er sich weniger INEXPENSIVE—NO RUNNING COSTS gut: die waren hundertprozentige Bismarck- ianer, wahrend er, trotz seines aggressiven Ask for details from : Nationalismus zu Kriegszeiten, der alte 48er der freisinnigen Ideale gelieben war, 1886 The Humidifier Co. schied er aus der Redaktion aus. Im gleichen 25 Bridge Road, Wembley Park, Middx Jahre starb ihm seine 28 Jahre alte Tochter, eine begabte Malerin. Er begann zu krankeln. ARNold 7603 Das Leiden verschlimmerte sich. Er starb am 5. Januar 1891. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION November, 1965 Rabbi Dr. S. Neufeld Hohenasperg, near Ludwigsburg, like many other important Swabians. Later, he was permitted to continue his studies, but had expressly to renounce any prospect of an AT THE GRAVE OF BERTHOLD AUERBACH official and rabbinical appointment. (In Wuerttemberg at that time the rabbinate was " Village Jews", in the best sense of the stone dates from the year 1791, In the centre an official post, and any other official appoint­ word, once resided in the villages and small of the cemetery there stands, in contrast to ment would probably have been out of the towns of the Black Forest; they lived there in all the other gravestones, a heavy granite question for a Jew.) considerable communities, knowledgeable and block, with the inscription : " Berthold Auer­ This compulsory abandonment of an official scholarly, and there they found their last bach, born 28th February, 1812, died 8th career led Berthold Auerbach to the profession resting-places. The typical representative of February, 1882." of author. Like Heinrich Heine, he always this village Jewry is Berthold Auerbach, the He was born in this mountain village and felt himself to be a German poet, and thus author of Schwarzwaelder Dorfgeschichten. here he found his eternal rest. It was up here the rising antisemitism near the end of his The car brings us to the tiny district centre that, from his tenth to his 13th year, he life was his greatest disappointment. It was, of Horb, which was a rabbinate community attended the first Jewish school that was as he himself expressed it, " a nail in his until the end, not because of its own size but founded by Bernhard Frankfurter, a follower coffin". Like many Jewish intellectuals, he because it was encircled by larger village com­ of Mendelssohn, The Jews of the village fostered the illusion that the old Jew-hatred munities. We come to Muehlen with its wood­ community were then so numerous and pro­ had finally been dissolved, whilst his own land cemetery which bears witness to the great gressive that they could support an elementary Jewish essence had become increasingly age of this small community, and then to school that was advanced for its times. Not diluted as time went on. Rexingen, only a kilometre from Horb, a true far away, in the Hohenzollern district centre For four decades he had been accounted the village community which had more than 400 of Hechingen, there was a Yeshivah, where most sensitive delineator of German bucolic Jews in its population of about 1,000. The Auerbach studied until he was 15. On a drive life and the ways of the German peasantry, synagogue has by chance been preserved. It to the Hohenzollern district we were also able until the new current of Jew-hatred destroyed is said that young people set it alight but that to see the big cemetery in Hechingen, the his life-work with one blow. They rejected the older ones put out the blaze. The cemetery synagogue built in 1775 in the Goldschmid- him as a German poet and expositor of in the forest, admirably cared for, shows that strasse, formerly the Judengasse, and next to ordinary German life. He could not reconcile it was a large and ancient community, A mem­ it a stately, three-storeyed, communal house, himself to this. After the great Jewish debate orial recalls the shameful deeds of the Nazis, which is considerably larger and taller than in the Reichstag in 1878 he cried : " Lived and Instinctively our thoughts turn from the Rexin­ the usual communal houses; this building strived in vain ! " gen that was to the newly created Rexingen at provided accommodation for the Yeshivah, He died in 1882 whilst visiting Cannes for Shave Zion, blossoming in the soil of Israel, Rabbi Haim Dispeker lived here, and here his the sake of his health, but in accordance with Then back to Horb. The white tower of the pupil Auerbach studied, his will he was buried in the Jewish cemetery village of Nordstetten already beckons from Auerbach intended to become a rabbi, but of his native village. the heights. We reach it after a steep climb after the Yeshivah he attended grammar Auerbacb already felt the new antisemitism of a few minutes. Typical Swabian peasant school in Karlsruhe and Stuttgart and then of 80 years ago to be a dishonour. He could houses, but one single proud building, the the universities of Tuebingen and Munich. At never have imagined the burdens of oui school and town hall, does not fit in. We that time, 50 years before there were Jewish times; he could never have imagined that cannot find Berthold Auerbach's birthplace. students' corporations, he did not hesitate youths would, in the year 1950, still overthrow The cemetery lies at least a kilometre beyond to enrol in the then revolutionary German the tombstones of thirty of his Jewish fellow- the village. It seems to be older than the one Students' Association movement; he was citizens and contemporaries, who lie in the in Rexingen, yet smaller. The oldest legible consequently expelled and imprisoned at same cemetery.

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participated in debates on reconstruction and on the future of Palestine, In 1946, when the BIRTHDAY TRIBUTES Government's policy with regard to Jewish D,P.s and to Palestine became plain, he was EGON WELLESZ 80 Cooper, discusses Wellesz's later detachment one of Jewry's most able advocates in Britain. from Schoenbergian serialism and sums up by For several years he was Chairman of thc The number of Central European musicians saying that all his music " is marked by this British Section of the World Jewish Congress. to whom this country gave refuge in the 1930s broadly cultivated character which is truly — (J.C) included some who had already achieved inter­ European without losing or denying its roots ERICH VON KAHLER 80 national fame. One of them, the composer in one particular culture". The article is and musicologist Egon Wellesz, celebrated his headed " The Brain Gain to Britain ", and the Erich von Xahler. the philosopher and his­ 80th birthday on October 21st. On the BBC author extends his appreciation of Wellesz to torian of literature, recently celebrated his and elsewhere, handsome tributes were paid the general contribution which has been made SOth birthday. He originates from Prague, to this prominent survivor of the great by refugee musicians : from where he emigrated first to Switzerland Viennese tradition who had been a pupil of and later to the United States, He now lives " Yet it was as a direct result of his in Princeton, Schoenberg and, as a musical historian, of (Hitler's) ' racial' persecutions that this Professor Guido Adler. Bruno Walter, too, country received and assimilated a large num­ DR. WILLIAM KOCHMAN 80 was one of his teachers, ber of the most gifted musicians—composers, Wellesz's research work stretches over a Dr. William Kochman will celebrate his 80th scholars and performers—from Vienna and birthday on November 22. Prior to his emigra­ wide field, up to twentieth-century music, but Berlin. It has been very largely their influ­ tion he was associated as a scientist with culminating in his studies of Byzantine music ence during the last 30 years that has liberal­ several industrial firms in Germany. In this of which he is the foremost expert; he was ised English musical life and brought it up to country he has always taken an active interest chosen to represent this subject in Guido date . . . there is hardly a musical field in this in the work of the organisations built up by Adler's famous " Handbuch der Musik- country which has not benefited enormously immigrants from the Continent. We extend geschichte". Already in 1913, he became a from the learning, devotion, intelligence and our sincerest congratulations to Dr. Kochman. lecturer in Musical History at Vienna Univer­ unassailably high standards which these new­ SELF AID CONCERT sity ; in 1932, he was given a honorary degree comers brought with them ". at Oxford, where he took up a research fellow­ H. W. FREYHAN. As readers will have seen from the announce­ ship after his emigration from Vienna. ment in the previous issue, this year's Self His compositions, too, cover a wide range. SYDNEY SILVERMAN 70 Aid Concert will take place on Wednesday, Works for the stage include an opera " Die November 24, at Wigmore Hall, W.l, As m Mr. Sydney Samuel Silverman. M.P. for previous years, well-known artists will partici­ Prinzessin Girnara" (to a libretto by .lakob Nelson and Coine, has celebrated his 70th pate. The pianist, Liza Fuchsova, born in Wassermann), which had a great success in birthday. Son of a Rumanian immigrant and Czechoslovakia, has played all over the British Frankfurt in 1921, as well as Euripedean a Mancunian mother, he won a scholarship to Isles and broadcast on B.B.C. radio and 'TV. plays ("Alkestis", in Hofmannsthal's version. the Liverpool Institute, thereafter becoming Paul Hamburger, well known as a soloist and and " Bacchae "). There are five symphonies, an undergraduate at Liverpool University. accompanist, studied at the Vienna State and his later vocal works show a masterly In 1932, together with John Mack and Bessie Academy and arrived in England in 1939, handling of English texts, e.g., in a most recent Braddock. he was elected to the Liverpool Peter Gellhorn, who came to this country from setting of John Keats's " To Sleep " (published City Council, and later all three entered the Berlin in 1935. held appointments with Covent Commons. Garden and Glyndbourne Operas and has been as a supplement in the October issue of " The During the Second World War his growing Director of the BB.C, Cnorus since 1961, Musical Times"). Parliamentary reputation was enhanced. He Bernadette Greevy, the contralto, has major In his birthday tribute, the chief music denounced the inhumanity of interning and singing awards at music festivals in Ireland critic of the "Daily Telegraph", Martin shipping abroad refugees from Nazism, He and England to her credit. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION November, 1965

clients. This fight for their right was for him IN MEMORIAM far more than a mere professional duty. It was a mission which he felt he had to fulfil regard­ DR. DAVID J. SCHWEITZER THE LATE DR. GEORGE COHN less of the consequences to his own health and, We received the following further tribute to ultimately, his life. He brought to a successful Dr, David J. Schweitzer, a veteran Jewish end many cases which appeared hopeless at the social worker, died in Switzerland at the age the memory of Dr. George Cohn, whose death of 76. He was head of the fund-raising was announced in the previous issue start and which many of his colleagues would department of O.R.T. Born in Russia, Dr, George Cohn was born in GUstrow, Mecklen­ have given up. He never abandoned a fight Schweitzer went to the United States in 1904, burg, where his father had been one of the when there was even a spark of hope. In 1919 he joined the staft' of the American leading Jewish Socialists in the town. After He was always ready to help, to advise and tc Joint Distribution Committee, He served the encourage, and to his last days his warm­ Joint until 1945 with his headquarters first in his service in the First World War, Cohn joined the law practice of the Socialist hearted optimism and his belief in a new and Warsaw and later in Berlin, Paris and Lisbon, a better world was an inspiration to all who During his term of office he did outstanding Reichstag Deputy Oscar Cohn, Throughout work for the victims of Nazi persecution. the 'twenties he helped many Jewish immi­ knew him. To many of us he was not only a grants from Eastern Europe to settle or emi­ friend but something of a brother and a father. He will be sadly missed not only by his wife, DR. RUDI A. NEUMAN grate and, at the same time, took an active part in the fight against the growing menace of who devoted her life to assisting her husband Dr, Rudi A, Neuman died on October 6, Nazism. He was arrested by the Nazis shortly in his great humanitarian task, and by his while attending a service at the Dublin Pro­ after they seized power and suflered imprison­ family, but by his many friends for whom it gressive Synagogue, He was born in Posen in ment in the concentration camps of Spandau is difficult to imagine that he is no longer with 1901 and, prior to his emigration in 1936, held us, F.H, an appointment with the Jewish Hospital in and Brandenburg, After his release he was Berlin, After having obtained a degree at interrogated again by the Gestapo on several Dr, Cohn's widow, Mrs, Vera Cohn, writes Edinburgh University, he built up an exten­ occasions, and during one of these interviews that on the death of her husband she received sive practice in Dublin, He was medical his interrogator seriously accused him of being so many letters of condolence that she must ask attendant to many members of the Diplomatic one of the " Wise Men of Zion " ! friends and clients to accept her sincerest Corps and also actively associated with the St, Thanks to Albert Einstein he succeeded in thanks in this way. John's Ambulance Brigade as a lecturer and escaping from Germany a few days before the examiner. During the war he served as BOOK ON CONCENTRATION CAMP Medical Officer of the Local Defence Forces outbreak of war. He came to England, where and was Officer Commanding of one of its he devoted all his energies to helping and CHILDREN advising his fellow refugees, and participated Medical Companies up to the time of his death, The fate of children imprisoned in Nazi Dr, Neuman was also a well-known and well- in many activities directed against Nazism from concentration camps has been documented for loved figure in Jewish circles. He was a this country. When the war ended and the laws Germans in a recently published book. The co-founder and, later on, chairman of the on restitution and compensation came into author is Inge Deutschkron and the book is Dublin Jewish Progressive Congregation, force, he spent all his time and energy for his called " For Theirs was the Hell",

FAMILY EVENTS CLASSIFIED Women W A N T E D—second-hand three- FORMER SECRETARY of a large piece lounge suite in good con­ Deaths The charge in these columns is legal aid organisation, offers Hun­ dition. Box 635, 3s. for five loords. Arndt.—Dr. Arthur Arndt, of 54 garian/German translations for ALTERATIONS WANTED? Methuen Road, Edgware, passed Situations Vacant indemnification cases, accepted 'Phone experienced dressmaker for away suddenly in his 83rd year. by the Entschiidigungsbehorde, best work. HAMpstead 8775, Deeply mourned by his wife Herta, MANAGER(ess) for Hampstead Cologne, Also offers German flatlet house, to collect rents and daughter Lottie Grey, Birming­ shorthand/typing work at home. AJR Attendance Service ham, relatives and many friends, supervise lettings, against free 'Phone : SPE. 4031 up to 11 a.m. accommodation. For appointment EXPERIENCED HOUSEKEEPER, WOMEN available to care for sick Dannemann.—Mrs. Anna Danne­ 'phone WIM, 2846, people and invalids, as companions mann, Otto Schiff House, 14 Nether­ early 40s, reliable, seeks daily position. Box 631, and sitters-in ; full- or part-time ; hall Gardens, London, N.W,3, Women non-residential, 'Phone MAIda passed away on September 26, nine EXPERIENCED COOK REQUIRED Accommodation Vacant Vale 4449. days after her 79th birthday. twice weekly, N,W,8, 10/- per hour. CAMBRIDGE—Luxurious accom­ Deeply mourned by her husband, Box 621, AJR Needlewomen Service Bernhard Dannemann, daughter modation in cultured private house Erna Klein, Fred Klein, Max Klein, Situations Wanted with gardens and deckchairs, bath, WOMEN available for alterations, his relatives and friends, Men h. & c„ TV, radio, telephone, cen­ mending, handicrafts. 'Phone MAI. 4449. Frankenstein.—Mr, Alfred Fran­ ADVERTISER SEEKS ACTIVE tral heating, use of kitchen, fridge, kenstein. 36 Warrington Crescent, DIRECTORSHIP in well-estab­ etc. 30s, per person per night. London, W,9, passed away after lished and expanding company. Meals and service if desired. Box Personal many years of illness, on August Capital and office accommodation 620, WIDOW, 60, German origin, edu­ 13, aged 61. Deeply mourned by available. Please apply Box 622. FURNISHED, sunny bed-sitting- cated, of independent means, own his relatives and friends,- room with nice view in modern, home, wishes to meet cultured non- RETIRED BOOKKEEPER, experi­ Orthodox gentleman between 60 Hylton.—Dr. Henry Hylton, dental enced, good references, seeks part- cultivated flat, central heating, use time figure work of any kind. Box of kitchen and bath. Suit business and 70 years who is interested in surgeon (formerly Heilbrun, Bres­ man or woman. Box 629, music, theatre, country walks. View lau), of 61 Edgwarebury Lane, 627, friendship or matrimony. Box 623, Edgware, passed away on Septem­ EXTREMELY LOVELY first-floor, TEMPORARY WORK sought by well-furnished flat in select quiet ber 24 in his prime of life. Deeply disabled man, general clerical WIDOWER, company director, 60, mourned by his wife Gusta Hyl­ street. Lounge, large bedroom duties, correspondence, shopping, with two single beds, kitchen, with modern labour-saving house ton, daughter Jacqueline, aunt etc, 8s, per hour. Box 630, and garden in best London area, Leonie Heilbrun, Heinrich Stahl bathroom, hot and cold water, use two cars, wishes to find pleasant, House, brother Kurt, San Fran­ STOREKEEPER, experienced in of telephone, 2 minutes walk from smart, well-educated lady com­ cisco, aunt Mrs, Gertrude Laage food trade, good references, seeks buses and shops. Suitable for two panion, capable of Continental- Petersen, Copenhagen, and rela­ full-time position, would also con­ ladies or couple. Vacant first week style cooking. No children. Answer, tives in Rio de Janeiro. sider packing, etc. Box 633. December. 'Phone TUDor 0432, preferably with photo, to Box 624, Jessel.—Dr, Herbert Jessel, of 106 Accommodation Wanted WIDOWER, early 40s, 5ft, 4in,. York Road, Woking, Surrey, passed BACHELOR looks for bed-sitting German-Jewish background, would away on October 1 in his 73rd STOCKKEEPER/DISPATCH room ; prepared to do house work like to meet well-educated lady year. Deeply mourned by his wife in exchange for reduced rent. Box between 30-40 years, with view to and daughter. 632. matrimony. Box 625. Schoenewald.—On September 13, CLERK Mrs. Therese Schoenewald (for­ MisceUaneous WANTED for daughter, 21, attrac­ merly Bad Nauheim), passed away required. COMPETENT, EFFICIENT tive, 1,65 m., professionally suc­ after a short illness. Deeply SECRETARY, English (no Ger­ cessful young man up to 28, of mourned by her family and friends, Experienced, Good wages. man), available for home typing, good character and with good Sklarek.—Mr, Max Sklarek, of 12 manuscripts, etc. Box 634, prospects of career. Object matri­ Colleridge Road, London, N,12 ERIC WALTERS LTD. SUPERFLUOUS HAIR removed mony. Replies, with photograph. (formerly Beuthen O/S), passed Blouse & Skirt Manufocturers, safely and permanently by experi­ Box 626, away on September 29, in his 63rd 87-89 Willesden Lane, enced Physiotherapist and Elec- MIDDLE-AGED, refined. Continen­ year. Deeply mourned by his de­ London, N.W.6. trologist. Mrs. Dutch, D,R,E,, tal widow would like to meet voted wife and daughter, family KILburn 1128/9 RM.T., 239 Willesden Lane, N.W,2. gentleman with view to marriage. and many friends. •Phone WILlesden 1849, Box 628. AJR INFORMATION November, 1965 Page 11

R. R. Levy (Holon) English side about " difficulties in making arrangements for a considerable number of Jews in the event that they might be saved from enemy-occupied territories" and inter­ THE DESTRUCTION OF DUTCH JEWRY prets it: " What shall we do with the rescued Jews? . , , Must this not have strengthened The stupendous historical crime involving tude of the population and the differing treat­ the Germans in their assumption that they the annihilation of six million Jews in Europe ment of certain groups of Jews by the Germans could proceed along their chosen path ? " took a distinctive course in each country and (in the form of temporary "embargoes" on From the transactions of the Dutch Com­ was carried out with differing organisational deportation). Detailed descriptions are given mission of Inquiry it is clear that the gravity methods, of the Westerbork and Vught transit camps. of the situation was by no means clear to the A comprehensive study of the persecution of In the last chapter, entitled " Murder", Dutch Government-in-Exile in London, even Dutch Jews has now been undertaken by an Presser finally provides the reader with com­ after Eden's historic statement in the Commons historian. Professor Dr, J, Presser of the prehensive material about the terrors of the on December 18. 1942. Even in the autumn of University of Amsterdam has published the extermination camps. 1943 the Dutch Council of Ministers reacted to results of fifteen years of research in a two- This bare survey of Presser's book can a plan for the exchange of Dutch Jevvs in volume work entitled " Untergang, Die Ver­ naturally only indicate the extent of this com­ Holland against Germans interned in Surinam folgung und Ausrottung des niederlandischen prehensive work which will surely remain the as follows : " One of the considerations against Judentums 1940-1945" (Monograph No, 10 of authoritative account of the fate of the Jews the plan was that although the situation of the the National Institute for War Documentation, of Holland during the period of persecution. Jews is perhaps harder to bear than that of State Press/Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, The author, who was himself affected by the other sectors of the population, the question 1965). It might be mentioned here that Hol­ German measures, has in no way limited him­ remains whether there are sufficient grounds land is the only war-time occupied country self to an arid assembly of facts, but through­ for preferential treatment." whose Government has officially commissioned out has found the appropriate pitch for an Presser also throws light from many quarters and encouraged the preparation and publica­ historic presentation of the material. tion of a work dealing with the fate of the on the attitude of the Dutch population to the Jews. The response evoked by this book was Apart from those sections that describe the persecution of the Jews. so great that the first edition of 11,000 copies past purely factually and give an impressive Of the refugees from Germany and Austria, was exhausted in four days and a larger second picture of the terrible events, this work also the author says: " They must have felt even edition was sold out before publication. deals with a number of questions that are still more outlawed than the Dutch Jews, in view of The author describes the development of the in dispute. the terrible experiences that most of them had measures adopted by the Germans against the These include, for instance, the oft-posed undergone in their former native countries. Jews in Holland. These measures were not question about the behaviour of the heads of Concerned for their nearest ones, not infre­ applied violently as soon as the Germans the Jewish Council in Holland, Abraham quently scattered throughout the world, con­ invaded the country, as many had feared at the Ascher and Professor David Cohen. Presser cerned for their livelihood, subjected to all time, but were principally directed at first at a describes in great detail the charges laid sorts of oppressive regulations, not left in peace planned isolation of the Jews, and consisted of against them and also the arguments provided for a single minute, it is amazing how many of the establishment of a Jewish Council, per­ in their justification, drawing upon many them nevertheless bore their lot." On the mission to publish only one single Jewish examples of the activities of the Jewish Coun­ other hand, he points out that considerable weekly paper, the removal of Jews from cil, Thus Presser makes it clear on the one tension was frequently caused by the fact that the public service, separation in education, the hand : " This collaboration cannot be denied ". when Dutch Jews came into the actual danger gradual concentration of the Jews in the On the other hand, he admits : " The Jewish zones, they sometimes found German Jews eastern part of Amsterdam until the Jewish leaders attempted to draw things out" ; for occupying coveted positions, and the latter star was actually introduced in May, 1942, when he (the author) pictures to himself the often tried too hard and co-operated too indus­ After these actions in various spheres had atmosphere of 1942, he dares go even further triously and thoroughly. Positive acknowledg­ been taken on a large scale by the Germans by stating that in occupied Holland, at any ment is paid to the Advisory Council and their collaborators during this period, as is rate among the Jews, it was an intolerable established under the leadership of Professor demonstrated by the author from numerous thought that there were still three years to go. M. Brahn to lessen this conflict, to which Dr. examples and quotations, systematic raids And when it turned out that they were merely Alfred Klee, Hans Goslar, Dr, B. Mahler and and deportations were started in the summer tools in the hands of the German occupying Dr, J. Taubes, amongst others, belonged, and of 1942, forces and the question arose whether it was which was often opposed to the policies of the The second volume begins with an account the appropriate time to refuse further co­ Jewish Council. of Jewish resistance, with particular mention operation, they continued " to avoid anything With the mass of material available to him. of the heroic activities of the Palestine worse ", Professor Presser has not only managed to Pioneers and the figure of the President of the Another problem to which Presser devotes present an impressive picture of the terrible Netherlands Supreme Court, Mr. L, E, Visser. a notable chapter is the behaviour of the Allies events and to sketch out the many acts in this The author provides an insight into the many and especially that of the Dutch Exile Govern­ tragedy, but has also corrected many assump­ varying positions arising during the period of ment in London towards Jewish persecution in tions about that period and thus accomplished persecution in Holland as a result of the atti­ Holland, He quotes the declaration from the the real task of the historian.

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Letter to the Editor A PIONEER OF FAR EAST TRADE Monograph on Julius Simon (1846-1893) THE CASE OF FURTWAENGLER The Hamburger Wirtschafts-Chronik, issue Sir,—The article in your September issue was the permanent head of Hamburg Phil­ April, 1965, (Volume II, No, 4), carries an about a new book on Furtwdngler was very harmonic. Furtwdngler's " fun " was to bring article by Dr. Maria Moring describing the interesting. May I add some lines on the same the wrong musical material along, change the " Jugend-und Wanderjahre " of Julius Simon, subject. Right from thc beginning I would programme ot the last minute and conduct one of the first German settlers in Japan who like to state that I did not consider Furt­ a work which was scheduled by Muck two wdngler a Nazi at heart, how could he be in days later. A cartoon where he was shown later on founded the firm of Simon, Evers & the surroundings in which he grew up. with an extremely long neck in one of the Co. in Hamburg. In spite of the political and Furthermore, there cannot be any difference Hamburg papers enraged him so much that economic upheavals of the past decades the of opinion on Furtwdngler the conductor His he wanted to cancel all further concerts. It interpretations were beyond reproach, he ivas took quite some persuasion to make him firm is still active in the trade with Japan under possessed by music and he lived for it. change his mind again. its original name. After the " Hindemith" affair and his dis­ The article, which has also been reprinted as I am just concerned with Furtwdngler off missal, the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, the rostrum, and thut is quite a different still an independent body of players, got into a special monograph, is partly based on notes matter. He conducted his Berlin Philharmonic dire straits. There was really nobody of left by Julius Simon's daughter, who was Orchestra yearly for six concerts in Hamburg, equal quxdity. The efforts of the orchestra married to the banker Aby S, Warburg in and I had ample opportunity to see him behind to get him back required relentless and hard the scenes. This observation gave me the clue work. When he finally returned to his flock, Hamburg, to the Furtwdngler riddle which is quoted so the audience rose to its feet (besides a few Julius Simon was born in Mecklenburg, a often. He loas an extremely jealous yuan and minor Nazi officials who renuiined seated) and part of Germany which had a comparatively he simply hated other conductors. Whilst he it must have occurred to him that there was paid lip service that one should not remove his place. And again the second thought that sparse Jewish population. His parents were renowned conductors at the beginning of the he could shine without anybody troubling " Landjuden " in the small township of Tessin, Nazi era, he really did not mean it. He knew him : no rival far and wide. that he was then the only conductor of fame In his youth Julius was unruly, and he left In a booic by Edith Stargardt-Wolff his parents' home at the age of 16, Shortly in Germany ajtrf it gave him great satisfaction. " Wegbereiter grosser Kunstler", whicli as far as he ever could be satisfied. Other appeared some years back, similar views are afterwards he went overseas, first to Australia great men also Imd flaws in their character, expressed. and later on to Japan, His vicissitudes during just think of Richard Wagner. Great Britain, having a name for being that period are vividly described. Ultimately I still remember the moment, when the generous, received Furtwdngler with accla­ young and coming conductor, Eugen Jochum, mation soon after the war. This re-appearance he struck roots in business and, as the result entered the hall shortly after the start of a was prepared by Dr. Berta Geissmar, Furt- of the connections he had established in Japan, concert. Furtwdngler noticed him immedi­ wangler's former secretary, who was then was able to build up his firm in Hamburg. ately, hesitated and then broke his baton in manager of the London Philharmonic two and thrciu it in the orchestra. His faith­ Orchestra. The fact that Simon was a Jew is repeatedly ful Berlin ensemble played on and lots of A pity the famous conductor loas not referred to by the authoress, and her essay people did not even know what had happened equally great as a human being. will therefore help make Germans aware of as Simon Goldberg handed another baton to Yours, etc.. the contributions made by German Jews to Furtwdngler. He never went to see the Doyen JOHN E. WOOLF. of German Conductors. Dr. Karl Muck, who London. N.W.9. German economic life. 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