DOCSLIB.ORG

3 Experiments Beyond Conventional City Planning 1970

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
3 Experiments Beyond Conventional City Planning 1970 International Workshops on Public Policy at the University of Pittsburgh from 26th to 28th June 2018 T02W15 - Towards an urban policy analysis: Linking urban politics and public policy Session 3 Constituency, Coalition, and Citizens’ voice, on June 27, 2018 DRAFT A comparative history partnership by historical institutional theory view - 3 experiments beyond conventional city planning 1970-1991 in Kotake- Mukaihara district, Tokyo- Public, Place, Plurality Institute; PPPI Yamada(Iwama),Chie 1.Introduction 1.1. The theme in this paper ;Three stories regarding Partnership practices in public works construction and/or decision-making Kotake-Mukaihara district became an example where two public works would be executed, and the next three projects were tested. To Narimasu St.(TOBU) JR N Yamanote LINE Road 36(35) Underground Railway Nerima (No.8, TRTA) St. (SEIBU) JR Ciecle Route Ikebukuro Station No.7 Kotake-Mukai Ciecle Route hara Station No.6 area Figure1.1 :Schematic diagram of the location This district was a part of the example area where, (1) Former Governor of Tokyo, Ryokichi Minobe, who advocated for "democratic city planning", performed a trial of institutionalizing for the participation-oriented government of Tokyo in Toshima, Itabashim and Nerima Ward, Tokyo. This district became stages that (2) In the extension of the metro line, it was located at the turning point where 2 routes crossed (the Tokyo Metro (the Teito Rapid Transit Authority of the day) Yurakucho Line and the Seibu Yūrakuchō Line.), and it became the stage of the larger-scale new MRT station setting(Kotake- mukaihara Station) ,and (3) In the upper MRT line a prefectural road (is a part of the highway network) was built and dwellers around the road participated in self-management of the road. The central partnership relations between the local residents organizations and the local government were created across a struggle. The residents wanted to minimize the environmental degradation of their quiet residential areas, while the government wanted to execute public work projects. This struggle was a big local issue in Tokyo. 1.2. The structure of this paper So this report uses techniques of the observation that are the process tracing and the complete enumeration of negotiation interaction, and then a description about the cause (institution) and effect (public policy) as the comparative historical research of the micro(interaction-oriented) institution. 1.2.1. The theoretical background a.City (Urban setting) and policy In the context in the research of social movements and urban politics, "more interpenetration between various research traditions (sociology, political science, urban studies, geography,etc) and worlds of political 1 action (North, South, East, and West) is urgently needed"(Margit Mayer and Julie-Anne Boudreau 2012:287). It seems that "strategically-organized confrontation(for example,local action and transnational struggles) (2012:288) " is a big issue, so I can say that they are focusing on people and the actions (and the meaning of those actions) . On the other hand, in the context of urban governance, the scholars argue that "the constraints on institutional capacity and political leadership are considerable"(Jon Pierre and B.Guy Peters 2012:72). Hence, It is clear and obvious that the institutional factors bring huge impacts to the urban politics and the policy outcomes. These include,(1)Local governments are embedded in national, sometimes also transnational institutional and policy frameworks,(2)The political constraints are linked to nature of policies themselves, and the difficulties in addressing many public problems within the confines of individual urban areas,(3)Together, these economic, institutional, and political constraints on cities define a rather limited scope of local policy choice,etc. (Jon Pierre and B.Guy Peters 2012:73). Likewise, I think that "Unlike many previous studies that look at the formal powers of local political and administrative institutions, the urban governance perspective is focused on the role of those institutions in steering and coordinating the local community"(Jon Pierre and B.Guy Peters 2012：74) , are worth listening to. When I shared these understandings, It seems that analysts are expected to give big consideration regarding institution and coordination (It should be conducted based on the jurisdictional responsibility, accountability, or some normative benchmarks (Jon Pierre and B.Guy Peters 2012:84),etc.) in the studies of urban policies. b.Focus on "Time" and chronological description- Historical institutional view Above these compromises, I think that focusing on the following points is necessary at first. Paul Pierson says that focusing on time and observing 'Institutional Development' in the institutional change process, revision, or binding mechanism in the long term, it is an essential matter in political institution studies. And he adds that the institution study can expand to policy analysis (P.Pierson 2004: 165). The following 5 items become crucial points in regards to Institutional Development. (1) Deep Equilibria (P.Pierson 2004: 157) : To identify potentially deep equilibria (P.Pierson 2004: 160). (2) Menus of Institutional Change (P.Pierson 2004: 159) (3) Institutional Coupling (P.Pierson 2004: 161) (4) Long-Term Process of institutional Change (P.Pierson 2004: 164) (5)From Institutional Development to policy Development (P.Pierson 2004:165) The concept of Institutional Development is focusing on both the binding or restriction force and the exchanging force (reflecting the functional benefit) . The model is capable of explaining "strong tendencies toward only incremental adjustment" (P.Pierson 2004: 147), through the two forces mechanism description . As an explanation of the logic of 'Institutional Development', the following part will offer a useful thought . " Rather than reflecting the(functional)benefit of institutional exchange, institutional continuity (or strong tendencies toward only incremental adjustment) may reflect the rising costs of adapting previously available alternatives. These commitments,..they are likely to accumulate with the passage of time" (P.Pierson 2004: 147). I'm going to apply what he focused, 'accumulations' and '(institutional) tendencies'. And in addition, I'll accept the premise of the binding force of 'time' that "all other things being equal, an institution will be more resilient, and any revisions more incremental in nature, the longer the institution has been in plac (P.Pierson 2004: 147)". For example,"The basic issue here is that central and local governments sometimes disagree about what is 2 the best policy to address a particular societal problem."(Pierre, Jon and Peters, B.Guy 2012:73), so, in some countories (for example Japan and the UK), they have witnessed "(ideologically based) conflicts" between central and local government, also. I guess these conflicts can't be described only force of "change" but force of "being in place". 'Institutional Development' refer to both of them, and investigate the combination and the mechanism. Analysts who base their work on this(Institutional Development) premise, can find the following question, for example. ・How does institution transform the socio-political environment (or the peoples' future prospects) ? ・What are the highlighting structural factors that influence outcomes(institutional development) ? ・What are the factors of long, slow erosion? This report is not aiming at a description of the history, but to analyse Institutional Development. 1.2.2. The targets of the investigation I 'll narrow down and focus on specific targets of investigation in the following part. a. Focusing on the core relationship At first, I focused on "The Core Relationships" it includes reputation, trust, and reciprocity as they affect cooperation (E.Ostrom 2007:200). This is because of the existence of the core relationship affect "To identify potentially deep equilibria(Deep Equilibria" (P.Pierson 2004:157) and these may cause"Long-Term Process of institutional Change" (P.Pierson 2004:164). The E.Ostrom's statement model includes "the potentially cumulative manner in which institutional statements can affect individual expectations" (E.Ostrom 2005:174) ) the micro and actor based institution situations are described as an analogy of 'game'. When I'm following the statement model, it includes one default situation (a simple two-prisoner's dilemma game) and the following three types of diverse games. I'm going to analyze negotiation situations using the three game situation. (1)A situation, "The shared strategies game add a set of shared strategies that equate to the grim trigger strategy"(Elinor Ostrom 2005:154). Stakeholders share the same "strategies" and have a motivation to "win" in the game . (2)A situation , "The norms game add a cooperation norm to the base situation" (Elinor Ostrom 2005:154). Stakeholders share a "norm".1 These may include the following criteria, (I'll point in case Ⅰ), necessities of environmental assessment, freedom of information (accessibility of information) citizens' participation, more general right(life light ,environmental light,etc) or as benchmark "responsibility, accountability"[Jon Pierre and B.Guy Peters 2012:84]. (3)A situation ,"The rules game add a cooperating rule, a monitoring norm, and a sanctioning norm to the base Prisoner’s Dilemma game" (E.Ostrom 2005:154). Stakeholders share the"rules game". These situation definitions are helpful to create a precise analysis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • < Sister and Friendship Cities/States >
    < Sister and Friendship Cities/States > City/State Basic Information New York City Country: United States of America Date of agreement: February 29, 1960 Area: 784 ㎢ Signed by: Population: 8.40 million Robert F. Wagner, Jr., Mayor of New York City Ryotaro Azuma, Governor of Tokyo Current mayor: Bill de Blasio (January 2014 –present） New York City website https://www1.nyc.gov/ Beijing Municipal Government Country: People’s Republic of China Date of agreement: March 14, 1979 Area: 16,410 ㎢ Signed by: Population: 21.71 million Lin Hujia, Mayor of Beijing Ryokichi Minobe, Governor of Tokyo Current mayor: Chen Jining (January 2018– present) City of Beijing English website http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/ City of Paris Country: French Republic Date of agreement: July 14, 1982 Area: 105 ㎢ Signed by: Population: 2.30 million Jacques Chirac, Mayor of Paris Shunichi Suzuki, Governor of Tokyo Current mayor: Anne Hidalgo (April 2014 – present) City of Paris website https://www.paris.fr/ Paris Convention and Visitors Bureau English website http://en.parisinfo.com/ ★ City/State Basic Information State of New South Wales Country: Australia Date of agreement: May 9, 1984 Area: 809,400 ㎢ Population: 7.95 million Signed by: Neville. K. Wran, Premier of New South Wales Current premier: Gladys Berejiklian (January 2017 – present) Shunichi Suzuki, Governor of Tokyo New South Wales website https://www.nsw.gov.au/ Official tourism site for New South Wales https://www.sydney.com/ Seoul Metropolitan Government Country: Republic of Korea Date of agreement: September
    [Show full text]
  • The London School of Economics and Political Science
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Policy Networks in Japan: Case of the Automobile Air Pollution Policies Takashi Sagara A thesis submitted to the Department of Geography and Environment of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy i UMI Number: U615939 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615939 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 "KSCSES p m r . rrti - S • - g r t W - • Declaration I, Takashi Sagara, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract The thesis seeks to examine whether the concept of the British policy network framework helps to explain policy change in Japan. For public policy studies in Japan, such an examination is significant because the framework has been rarely been used in analysis of Japanese policy. For public policy studies in Britain and elsewhere, such an examination would also bring benefits as it would help to answer the important question of whether it can be usefully applied in the other contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • Localizing Public Dispute Resolution in Japan: Lessons from Experiments with Deliberative Policy-Making By
    Localizing Public Dispute Resolution in Japan: Lessons from experiments with deliberative policy-making by Masahiro Matsuura Master in City Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998 B. Eng. Civil Engineering University of Tokyo, 1996 Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Urban and Regional Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology September 2006 © 2006 Masahiro Matsuura. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of author: Dep artment of Urban Studies and Planning June 27, 2006 Certified by: Lawrence E. Susskind Ford Professor of Urban and Environmental Planning, Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Frank Levy, Daniel Rose Professor of Urban Economics, Chair, Ph.D. Committee 2 Localizing Public Dispute Resolution in Japan: Lessons from experiments with deliberative policy-making by Masahiro Matsuura Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning on August 11, 2006 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Urban and Regional Planning ABSTRACT Can consensus building processes, as practiced in the US, be used to resolve infrastructure disputes in Japan? Since the 1990s, proposals to construct highways, dams, ports and airports, railways, as well as to redevelop neighborhoods, have been opposed by a wide range of stakeholders. In response, there is a growing interest among Japanese practitioners in using consensus building processes, as practiced in the US, in order to resolve infrastructure disputes.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Connections
    Pacific Forum CSIS Comparative Connections A Quarterly E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations edited by Ralph A. Cossa Rebecca Goodgame Ebinger January 2000 – Vol. 1, No. 3 4th Quarter 1999 http://www.csis.org/pacfor/ccejournal.html Pacific Forum CSIS Based in Honolulu, Hawaii, the Pacific Forum CSIS operates as the autonomous Asia- Pacific arm of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1975, the thrust of the Forum's work is to help develop cooperative policies in the Asia-Pacific region through debate and analyses undertaken with the region's leaders in the academic, government, and corporate arenas. The Forum's programs encompass current and emerging issues in political, security, economic/business, and oceans policy issues. It collaborates with a network of more than 30 research institutes around the Pacific Rim, drawing on Asian perspectives and disseminating its projects' findings and recommendations to opinion leaders, governments, and publics throughout the region. An international Board of Governors guides the Pacific Forum’s work; it is chaired by Brent Scowcroft, former Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. The Forum is funded by grants from foundations, corporations, individuals, and governments, the latter providing a small percentage of the forum’s $1.2 million annual budget. The forum’s studies are objective and nonpartisan and it does not engage in classified or proprietary work. Comparative Connections A Quarterly E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations Edited by Ralph A. Cossa and Rebecca Goodgame Ebinger Volume 1, Number 3 4th Quarter 1999 Honolulu, Hawaii January, 2000 Comparative Connections A Quarterly Electronic Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations Bilateral relationships in East Asia have long been important to regional peace and stability, but in the post-Cold War environment, these relationships have taken on a new strategic rationale as countries pursue multiple ties, beyond those with the U.S., to realize complex political, economic, and security interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan 1968: a Reflection Point During the Era of the Economic Miracle
    ECONOMIC GROWTH CENTER YALE UNIVERSITY P.O. Box 208269 27 Hillhouse Avenue New Haven, CT 06520-8269 CENTER DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 764 JAPAN 1968: A REFLECTION POINT DURING THE ERA OF THE ECONOMIC MIRACLE Koichi Hamada Yale University August 1996 Note: Center Discussion Papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussions and critical comments. This is a revised version of the paper originally written in April 1996. Financial support for this research was provided by Nomura Sercurities International. ABSTRACT 1968 was an epoch-making year in the Japanese economic history, or in the Japanese history in general. In this centennial year after the Meiji restoration, Japan's GNP became the second largest in the world surpassing West Germany. Japan was cruising on one of the most rapid growth trajectories, but it was anticipating the shade of future changes. Student movements flourished, being synchronized the world over, pollution in urban areas erupted and inflationary pressure began to surface. Japan's balance of current account turned into a pattern of chronic surplus, the pattern that led to the collapse of the Bretton Woods regime. In the socio-economic sense, 1968 was a reflection point of Japan's high growth period. This paper describes the economic forces that drove Japan in this pivotal year as well as its social and political background. KEY WORDS: Japan's Postwar History, High Growth Period, Student Movements, Collapse of Bretton Woods, Pollution April 1996 Revised August 1996 Japan 1968: A Reflection Point During the Era of the Economic Miracle Koichi Hamada* Yale University Prologue I still remember an Indian-summer day in 1968 when I sat on the steps of the economics building at the University of Tokyo.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberal Democracy in Japan : the Role of Intellectuals*
    Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies 20 (1988) 23-34, C rhe Hitotsubashi Academy LIBERAL DEMOCRACY IN JAPAN : THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUALS* HIROSHI TANAKA I. Introduction : Three Ideologies The political role intellectuals play in society is open to analysis from a number of direc- tions, ranging from a case study of the role one intellectual played in a particular time and place, on the one hand, to a statistical correlation of intellectuals across time and space, on the other. Although models or theories of intellectual behaviour derived from such statis- tical correlations can open up new lines of research on the political role intellectuals do play, their direct application to the study of Japanese intellectuals is not particularly fruitful, because these models are mainly based upon data and analyses of European or North Ameri- can intellectuals. Japan's history and political development are entirely different from the West; so, too, the role of the intellectual. This will become clear as we examine the influ- ence of "Liberal intellectuals" in Japanese politics (A. Gagnon, 1987). There are two reasons for focussing on liberal intellectuals. The first relates to the central role liberal intellectuals and liberalism have played in postwar Japan. The second relates to the paucity of information on the subject. In regard to the first point: from the Meiji Restoration of 1868 to the present day, the bearers of three ideological perspectives have dominated the Japanese intellectual scene: right-wing conservatives or traditionalists; Iiberal intellectuals; and left-wing or socialist intellectuals. From the beginning of the Meiji Era onwards the right-wing conservatives or traditionalists have devoted themselves to preserving Japanese tradition and culture, staunchly opposing the introduction of western values.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Material
    Reference Material Tokyo Metropolitan Government Annual Financial Report Fiscal Year 2019 This is a provisional English version of Fiscal Year 2019 Tokyo Metropolitan Government Annual Financial Report. This material is furnished solely for the purpose of the reader's reference only. If there is any conflict and/or discrepancy between this material and the Japanese original of the Annual Financial Report, information in the Japanese original prevails. Contents )LVFDO<HDU7RN\R0HWURSROLWDQ*RYHUQPHQW6HWWOHPHQWRIWKH2UGLQDU\$FFRXQWDQG 9DULRXV,QGLFDWRUV ͐͐ )LVFDO<HDU6XPPDU\RI)LQDQFLDO5HVXOWV ͐͐ $QDO\VLV%DVHGRQ1HZ3XEOLF$FFRXQWLQJ3URFHGXUHV ͐͐ $QDO\VLVRI70*¶V)LQDQFHV ͐͐ )LVFDO<HDU7RN\R0HWURSROLWDQ*RYHUQPHQW)LQDQFLDO5HSRUW ͐͐ 70*&RPSUHKHQVLYH)LQDQFLDO6WDWHPHQWV ͐͐ 0DQDJHPHQW6WDWXVE\0DQDJLQJ%RG\ ͐͐ (Appended Tables) )LVFDO<HDU7RN\R0HWURSROLWDQ*RYHUQPHQW2UGLQDU\$FFRXQW)LQDQFLDO6WDWHPHQW ͐͐ 2UGLQDU\$FFRXQW%DODQFH6KHHW ͐͐ 2UGLQDU\$FFRXQW$GPLQLVWUDWLYH&RVW6WDWHPHQW ͐͐ 2UGLQDU\$FFRXQW&DVK)ORZ6WDWHPHQW ͐͐ 2UGLQDU\$FFRXQW6WDWHPHQWRI&KDQJHVLQ1HW$VVHWV ͐͐ 2UGLQDU\$FFRXQW$JJUHJDWH7DQJLEOH)L[HG$VVHWVDQG,QWDQJLEOH)L[HG $VVHWV6XSSOHPHQWDU\'HWDLOV ͐͐ $QQH[HG'HWDLOHG6WDWHPHQWRI2UGLQDU\$FFRXQW5HVHUYH$OORZDQFHV ͐͐ $FFRXQWLQJ3ROLF\DQG1RWHV5HJDUGLQJ3UHSDUDWLRQRIWKH7RN\R0HWURSROLWDQ *RYHUQPHQW2UGLQDU\$FFRXQW)LQDQFLDO6WDWHPHQW ͐͐ )LVFDO<HDU7RN\R0HWURSROLWDQ*RYHUQPHQW&RPSUHKHQVLYH)LQDQFLDO6WDWHPHQW ͐͐ 7RN\R0HWURSROLWDQ*RYHUQPHQW&RPSUHKHQVLYH)LQDQFLDO6WDWHPHQW ͐͐ $FFRXQWLQJ3ROLF\DQG1RWHV5HJDUGLQJ3UHSDUDWLRQRIWKH7RN\R0HWURSROLWDQ *RYHUQPHQW&RPSUHKHQVLYH)LQDQFLDO6WDWHPHQW
    [Show full text]
  • 1969 TOKYO CONFERENCE .Pdf 1.52
    rCOMITE MARITIME INTERNATIONAL J TOKYO 1969 iNDEX GENERAL - GENERAL INDEX ORGANISATION - ORGANIZATION DOCUMENTATION 1967 (CONTAINERS i - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5) INTERNATIONAL MARITIME COMMITTEE [ J ERRATUM TOKYO 1969 ORGANIZATION To be added: To be deleted: ORGANIZING COMIvIITFEE Page 11 Tomojuro HAMAKAWA, Keiji FUKUHARA President of Mitsubishi Warehouse Co. Ltd. Page 12 Takahisa IiANAI instead of: Takao HANAI Page 15 Kikuji OHYAMA, Advocate. Yorimichi SASAO, Vice-President of the Japan Warehouse Assoc., Inc. Page 16 Tokuji WAKASA, President of the Japan Maritime Foundation EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Page 18 Keiji FUKUHARA Page 19 Tokuji WAKASA, President of the Japan Maritime Foundation FINANCIAL COMMETTEE Page 20 Keiji FUKUHARA Page 21 Tokuji WAKASA, Takahisa HANAI President of the Japan Maritime Foundation INDEX GENERAL GENERAL INDEX DOCUMENTATION 1967 Containers i - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 DOCUMENTATION C.M.I. - 1968 I - II - III - IV - V - VI DOCUMENTATION C.M.I. - 1969 I - II Note: Note: The first part of the reference in- La première partie de la référence dicatestheorder number ofthe indique le numéro d'ordre du docu- document; ment; the second part the year of publi- la deuxième partie l'année de publi- cation; cation; the third part the number of the la troisième partie le numéro de bro- booklet; chure; the fourth part the page. la quatrième partie la page. 3 PASSENGERS - PASSAGERS Introductory Report PAl : 68-IV-18 Rapport introductif PAl : 68-IV-19 Passengers Convention PA2 : 68-IV-32 Convention Passagers PA2 : 68-IV-33 Luggages Convention 68-I-12 Convention Bagages 68-J-13 Replies - Réponses Argentine Belgique PA15 : 69-II-70/71 Brazil Canada PAI2: 69-J1-58 ¡59 Chile Denmark PA 4 : 69-II-10/11 Equateur PAl 6: 60-II-74/75 Espagne PA 9 : 69-II-38/39 Finland PA 5 : 69-II-1 6/17 France PA 8 : 69-lI-28/29 Germany - PA 6 : 69-II-20/21 Great Britain PA18 : 69-II-80/81 Grèce India.
    [Show full text]
  • Conde, David W., 1906
    David H . Conde, 1906 - An Inventory of His Papers in The Library of the University of British Columbi a Special Collections Divisio n Prepare d by Renee Robillard (1975 ) Gloria Green (1978 ) Greg Dayton (1979 ) Jim Bowman (1982) INTRODUCTION David W. Conde was born in Ontario, Canada in 1906. Be moved to the United States in the early twenties and became a U.S. citizen in California in 1932. From October 1945 until July 1946, Conde worked for the U.S. State Department in the Occupation of Japan as the head of the Motion Picture Department of the Civil Information and Education Section. In late 1946- 1947, Conde was employed by the Reuters news agency to cover the Tokyo War Crimes Trials. He was ultimately expelled from these proceedings by General Douglas MacArthur. He then worked as a correspondent in Shanghai for a few months. In 1964, David Conde returned to Tokyo and became a regular Japan correspondent for various periodicals, including the Far Eastern Economic Review and Ta Kung Pao. Several of his full- length books have been published in Japanese. Most of his articles have appeared in English language publications. Conde writes chiefly about Japanese and American domestic and foreign political policies, usually from a very critical viewpoint. He also writes about China, Korea, Vietnam and other Asian nations. Conde donated collections of his manuscripts and printed materials to the UBC Library in 1964, 1975, 1976, and 1977. The accessions were arranged and inventoried at separate times, according to the following scheme. Boxes 1 to 10 - 1975 Accession, consisting mostly of manuscripts for Conde's books and articles published between 1964 and 1975.
    [Show full text]
  • This Item Is a Finding Aid to a Proquest Research Collection in Microform
    This item is a finding aid to a ProQuest Research Collection in Microform. To learn more visit: www.proquest.com or call (800) 521-0600 This product is no longer affiliated or otherwise associated with any LexisNexis® company. Please contact ProQuest® with any questions or comments related to this product. About ProQuest: ProQuest connects people with vetted, reliable information. Key to serious research, the company has forged a 70-year reputation as a gateway to the world’s knowledge – from dissertations to governmental and cultural archives to news, in all its forms. Its role is essential to libraries and other organizations whose missions depend on the delivery of complete, trustworthy information. 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway ￭ P.O Box 1346 ￭ Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ￭ USA ￭ Tel: 734.461.4700 ￭ Toll-free 800-521-0600 ￭ www.proquest.com A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files JAPAN 1967–1969 Part 1: Political, Governmental, and National Defense Affairs A UPA Collection from Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files JAPAN 1967–1969 PART 1: POLITICAL, GOVERNMENTAL, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE AFFAIRS Subject-Numeric Categories: AID, CSM, DEF, and POL Guide compiled by Todd Michael Porter A UPA Collection from 7500 Old Georgetown Road • Bethesda, MD 2081420814-6126 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Confidential U.S. State Department central files. Japan 1967–1969 [microform] : subject-numeric categories AID, CSM, DEF, and POL microfilm reels ; 35 mm. Summary: Reproduces documents from among the records of the U.S. Department of State in the custody of the National Archives.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan C2 Shinjuku Route
    Japan C2 Shinjuku Route This project profile has been compiled by the Japanese OMEGA Team, Tokyo Institute of Technology. Please Note: This Project Profile has been prepared as part of the ongoing OMEGA Centre of Excellence work on Mega Urban Transport Projects. The information presented in the Profile is essentially a 'work in progress' and will be updated/amended as necessary as work proceeds. Readers are therefore advised to periodically check for any updates or revisions. The Centre and its collaborators/partners have obtained data from sources believed to be reliable and have made every reasonable effort to ensure its accuracy. However, the Centre and its collaborators/partners cannot assume responsibility for errors and omissions in the data nor in the documentation accompanying them. 2 CONTENTS A INTRODUCTION Type of project Overview Location Current Status B BACKGROUND TO PROJECT Principal project objectives The 1960s and 1970s The 1980s and 1990s The 2000s Key enabling mechanisms and decision to proceed Main organisations involved Metropolitan Expressway Co. Ltd Tokyo Metropolitan Government Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Local government Contractors The Japan Expressway Holding and Debt Repayment Agency Planning and environmental regime Land acquisition C PRINCIPAL PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS Route and alignment Main and intermediate hubs, nodes and termini Project costs Project delivery timeline Main engineering features Main contracts and contractors Major civil engineering components D PROJECT TIMELINE Project timeline Key timeline issues E PROJECT FUNDING/FINANCING Introduction Background to funding/financing Role of traffic forecasts Funding sources Commentary on funding/financing approach 3 F OPERATIONS Traffic volume Safety measures Commentary G BIBLIOGRAPHY 4 List of tables Table 1: Decision Making for the Metropolitan Expressway C2 Shinjuku Route .................
    [Show full text]
  • Tokyo Gubernatorial Election During Pandemic: Democracy Vs “Demo”Crazy
    International Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2021, pp. 3-18. doi.org/10.22452/IJEAS.vol10no1.2 TOKYO GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION DURING PANDEMIC: DEMOCRACY VS “DEMO”CRAZY Asmadi Hassan1, Muhammad Danial Azman2 COVID-19 has plunged the world into chaos. Global cases increase every day, impacting economic, social and political sectors. Japan is among the impacted countries. How does it deal with the pandemic? The aim of this article is to examine the election in the Tokyo Prefecture area during the pandemic. It is a gubernatorial election which was held on July 5, 2020. The election was held when a seat vacancy occurred as demanded by democratic processes. At the same time, the election was held while the COVID-19 pandemic was spreading across the country, which included Tokyo. Therefore, this article juxtaposes the term democracy against "demo"crazy (you crazy) to show the conflict of norms between the demands of democracy and the madness of holding elections when the situation is considered inappropriate. The term “demo”crazy is a mix of Kelantan Malay words representing you and crazy (madness). The combination of the words translates as "you are crazy." It also reflects that holding elections at the wrong time is considered to be madness. How did the candidates conduct their campaigns and the voting? What was the content of the campaigns during the pandemic? What was the effect of the elections? This study uses the library research methodology to answer these questions. This study found that the demand of democracy was more important than waiting for a possible recovery in the situation.
    [Show full text]