Distributional List of the Birds in Utah

Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive

Theses and Dissertations

1927-05-01

Distributional list of the birds in Utah

Clarence Cottam Brigham Young University - Provo

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14A.Y - 1927 .BIIiDS OF UT�H

TilLii OF COlrTEKTS

INTRCDUOTIOl! • . . • • • 4 - ?

?W OF TREA.TMEliT • • • • • • • • 8 - 9 .

A.CimOWLEDGZMElrl'S • • • • • • • • • 10 - 11

THE BIRDS OF tTrAH •••••••••l2 - 140

HYfOTHltTICA.L LIST •••••••••141 - 144

SULl�HY • • • • • • • • • • • 145 - 146

BIBLIOGRAPHY ••••••••••• 147 - 160

I'!ID� • • • • • • • • • • • . . ••161 - 164 -4-

rnTRODUOTIOlJ

Systematic ornithology has been woefully neglected in Utah. While

this state has a number of men who know her birds and who have aroused interest in them, they have produced no published record of what we have.

So far as the writer kl.1ows there is no adequate, representative, or system-

atic collection of Utah species within the state.

Utah has, however, been fortunate in having a nuraber of expert ornithologists collect and study the bird life of different sections of bar territory. It seems that the first person to attempt to catalogue all the birds

froin Utah was Mr. c~ Hart Merriam, whose report as zoologist, to Dr. F. V,,

H~den in the u. s. Biological Survey of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Ut~, was published in 1872 (pp 713-715). This report gives a summary list of

175 species, representing all known Uta.'h birds. It is a compilation of

Merriazn1s own record together with those of Messrs. Allen; Ridgwa;r, and Henshaw who preceded or worked contemporaneously with him in the territory.

Dr. Merriamts collection was ma.de in the Salt Lake Valley in Ji.lile of 1872. Mr. Allen also collected in this region from September l to

October 8, 1871. Mr. Ridgway reports collections from Ma;, to August, 1883 at Deep Creek, northwestern Utah, Cache, Salt Lake, and Utah Valleys and from the Wasatch and Uintah Mountains • .r. Henshaw (1874) increased the Merriam list to 214 species, am published this report as an 11.A.nnotated List of Birds of Utah. 11 Of the early collectors, ~r. Henshaw .nade the most detailed study a.ud collection of tre bird life of this region. He came here in 1872 as orithologist of the -5-

Wheeler Survey, assistant to Dr. Yarrow. A collection of over six hund.rErl bird skins, representing 165 species, was made from July to December betwen Salt Lake City and st. George. Of the otr£r ornithologists who have collected in the state, some have made a rather detailed study of the bird life of a particular sect ion.

Dr. E.W. Nelson (1874) made a .study and collection of the birds of the northern r~ of the Uintah Mountains, thirty miles south of Fort Bridger,

Wioming, In Ji.llle and July 1872. He also collected in the Salt Lake Valley from July 27 to A%'1l.St 8, of the same year. From MS¥ 11 to May 15 Dr. C. Hart Merriam and Vernon Bailey, of the Death Valley Expedition of 1891, found seventy-three species of birds in Washington CountJ. In the summers from 1914 to 1916, Dr. Alexander Wetmore made a study of the alkali poisoning of the water fowl in tho Bear River marshes, in northern Uta...'1. B.is re:porls shed considerable light on the distrfbution and abundance of the bird life of that region. It is the pu.7)ose of this study to bring together this scattered and importa.rit infor.:iation a.:ld to supplement it with personal reco=ds and collections, with the ho~e of thereby producing at least, a fairly inclusive and up-to-date record of the ~CC"..U"renceand distribution of the cirds of utah. Also a necessary part of this problem has been to compile the synononw that has been used in com1ection with each of the Utah species.

Further, an attempt has been made to catalogue all the ori 6inal literature that deals with the distribution of the birds of the state. All additional. ambition has been to help in the establishment of a collection that would be representative cf our avifauna. -6-

In pi·epa.rir.g the .:nain lict :c>resented in this paper, considerable care has been tai:cen in placing species not definitely esta.blisr..ed as Utah birds. In each case, where t~c occurrence of a recorded species is doubted , it has been consigned to the Hypothetical List as a s~ecies credited to Utah on questionaitable or unsatisfactor7 grounds.

In this study a total of 287 species and subspecies of birds is listed, which, so far as the writer can determine, represents an accurate accountof the avifauna of the state of Utah. Undoubtedly this list will be increased a.s more detailed and extensive research is conducted.. There is a pressiI+c, need for additional field. work. &t present but little is known of the 'bi:rrd life of southeastern Utah. The writer contea~lates a collecting trip to that section during the coming summer with the Brigham Young Universit¥ second

Biological Expedition.

The writer's personal records and collections have been sec-.u.0 ~d aa a result of co~siderable field work. From June 2 to Juli 7, the Brigham Yo~

University, under the direction of Dr. Vasco Bf. Tanner, conducted a zoological collecting expeditiou through northern Utah. The personnel of the party con- sisted of Dr. Tanner, 1'r. C. I.wnn Hayward, Mr. C. J. Bro-:m., and the writer.

The route traveled was from Frovo to Salt Lake Valley, Bear River 1¥1.a.rshes,

Logau canyon, Cache Valley, over.the northern Wasatch Mountains to Bear Lake,

Bear River Valley, and through the southwestern corner of Wyoming to Dag~tt

County, Utah. From there the party traveled to Sheep Creek and the Fl~

Gorge of the Green River. After a brief stay in this region, the party czrossed the Uinta..i. Mountains to Vernal, thence to the DLlosaur Natic11al ~OnUillent al..ll -7- and Du.chesne River, over the Wasatch Mour.tains to Hebsr Valley and back to Provo, . .A.b0"11t100 s:wecies of birds were collected.

In September the writer left Provo for a ten da.'{ collecting tri:p to

'i1ashington County. In December, in com:pa.nywith Mr. Ta;g.ner, a.r.other fifteen d~- collecting trip to St. George was taken. In 5eptember a small collection wa.s u.i.:.c at the Sand Dunes and Sinks of iiliillard County. Every rao:.:.t:l::.during the p,:a,st year speci:rens have been collected in Utah Oounty.

Several features combine to insure a rich bird life for Utah.. I~ the first place, the marked topographical diversity of the entire state together wit::. tl.e 300 miles of latitudh.Liil ra.~e in addition to its geographic position with reference to the Great Basin, gives Uta.~ a great variety of clL~ate. In regard~ to temperature zonation, Utah can boast of all the diversities of climate that one would encounter on a trip from Lower Sonora, Mexico to the a.retie circle. · With respect to moisture, the state as a whole partakes ®f the desert, the annual precipitation va.r;·ine frc;;i three inches in some of the dryer sec~ions to more than thirty inches in the mountainous regions. Fresh- water laz.es and mountair. streams together with the Great Sale ~e offer <&n unique combination for water bird~, and indeed these sections abo~ in t~em..

Finally, Utah's position in at least a partial migratory lane decrees t,iat l ..er a.vii'aWJb-1 life sliall be UllUa\li:Llly rich. -8-

In general, the plan of treatment of this paper is similar to that

followed by Dr. Joseph Grinnell in his "Distributional List of the Birds of

California,tt and by Mr. Harry swarth in his "Distributional List of the Birds

of Ari :zona.."

The classification, the numeration, and the nomenclature used is that

followed by the tt.American Ornithologists' Union Check List of north American

Birds" (1910) to and inclucHng the .Sixt~ei,tli Supplement. ;,:oderu s.;.,ier..ti:fic

usa~e is follov;ed in dro•J_pillf,:, the possessive form in the veruacular n.:.u:;es

or specie:a, such as S.!.y :Pnoebo instead of S..;..J'- P-oebe, etc.

T,,.e first nw:1ber i-"ivos the consect.itive ordor of this list. Th.,

second nw.:ber, which is in oareut;1esis, is the nuwber that is asuribeu to

the particular sDecies or supspecies bJ the-· u. u. Check List.

'?ue s.:rnonums here ci tea. a.re the names whicn have fo:i."llle:cly b~E;n

-pplieu. to the particular species in q_ua:;-cion ~s found in Utah, the co::i.uon

1:>00:.C nai:,es a.ro also iusertec_. The term "purtu is used in connection with

s:monymy tJ:)at h;i.5 been applied. to two or more species or subspecies in this

state.

The Bibliography contains the titles of the publications used in connection with this paper. In most instances only first hi:a.nC1original

source material has been used.. How(;lver, a few references are made to books and papers of a general nature to add supplementary proof from recognised authorities or because this literature contains first hand information on the subject in question. The bibliography is arranged with the authors' names in alphabetical order. The year of publication and titles a.re given -8-

with each name.

It is the aim of this thesis to list the species and subspecies of birds occurring in Utah with� brief account of their abundance and distribu tion. It is only in de�ling with the rare species that all references are given. Neither is it deemed ·necessary to list more localities than would represent the extremes of range and distribution. -10-

ACIC~o-r,·LEDGEME:JTS

It would be impossible to produce an adequate distributional list of the birds of a.ny state vrithout the aid and cooperation of Oluliers. The writer of this paper feels most happy to acknowledge the very great assist- ance he has received from various sources.

'.I'o Dr. Vasco M. '.i:a.nner, under whose clirection this study has been conducted, the cruthor is esyo.;;i ....t..Ly inut,Oti,u ro:- his many helpful suggestions anu wholaso~e eucourat,ement. As head of the Zoology JJepartment of Brigham

Young University, he has also given material aid in securing a number of very valuable documents dealing with Utah ornithology.

Another invaluable source or aid l1a.s coue :rrom 1,t~" offici ...ll;. of the

-::J'. s . .lhological su.rvey at Washington, D. c. Chief E. w. :Nelson and Associate Chief VT. c. Henderson have been most courteous and accomodating- in answering inquiries. Gruteful acknowledgement is also tendered Dr. Charles w. Richmond, Associate Curator, Division of Birds, of the National Museum for his assist- ance in securing data on Utah rails.

Sincere thanks is extended to the Director of the Library of Congress for loans of two extremely valuable documents dealing with early zoological expeditions conducted in Utah.

Utah State Fish and Game Commissioner, D. H. Madson, has rendered valuable service in securing records of cert2i:::i Utah co1hlections and also in furnishing information relative to the game birds of the state.

To Dr. Joseph Grinnell I am grateful for his determination of a number of doubtful specimens collected in the state. AlLo tnan~s is exteuue~ -11- to Mr. D• R. Dickey for his identificution of certain Red-wing Blackbirds• I\:rs. Florence Merriam Bailey of ·.vashington, D. c., Dr. c. G. Flu.mm.er, and Mr. Harry Aldous of &alt Lake City, and 11r. A. if. Van Rossen of Pasadena,

California all have secured valuable data concerning the occurrence of certain species in Utah. £or this service the writer is grateful.

!ppreciation is extended to Dr. Walter p. Cottam for his helpful encouragement. Th him the writer owes his first interest in bird life. -12-

TRE 3IRDS OF UTAH

./ 1 ( l) Aechmopho:rus occidentalis (Lawrence).

Western Grebe

Synonym -- Podicepe occidentalis.

Status -- 1''airly comrnin in sumrner in suitable localities throut;hout the northern and central portions of the state. Eight breeding records are given for northern Utah {Bent 191~, p. 8). rt remains throw;hou t the sur,,mer on Utah Lake, Great Salt Lake, and Bear Lake. One specimen of' this bird, taken on Utan Lake, is in the collection of Brigham Young University.

2 {3) Colymbus auritus Linnecus.

Horned Grebe

Synonym -- Podiceps cornutus.

Status--Quite general in distribution, but apparently not very numerous.

Eenshaw (1875, p. 489) found this grobe in September ~resent on Rusu I.aka in oou i.nwestern Utoh. Fe writes: "Probably the greater number retire farther north in sumr.ier to find breeding places; I think more or less remain at this season in Utah." Allen (1872, p. 173) fOUl4U it in S ...ptember iu the ~lt Lake

VGlley. Goss (1891, p. 12} gives a record of its breeding at Ogden. Accord- ing to - • c. Eendercon, of tLe u. s. 3ioloc1.cu.l surr::-:r {Letter .tl.,?ril .::, 19 27) ,

Mr. J •. I\.. Lori"l'.: 1--iifl V'3r .•):1 3ailey of the Biologic:11 survey found this species com~on on the e~st side oi Be~r L~ke wnere it was breeding an the tules on

July 28, 1893.

3 (4) / Col;rmbus nigricollia californieus (Heerma.nn).

E(l.red Grebe

Synonyms--Podiceps auritus var, californiaus, California

Grebe, .American Eared Grebe. •-•13-

BIRDS OF tJT~

St-atus- .....This grebe occurs and breeds in practically the same localities as does ...,echmopnorus occidentalis. THree nesting records are given for Boar River ~~shes (Bent 1919, p. 35). During migration it is cor....110.nCL the strongly saline wate1·s of Greo.t Salt .Lake. Wetmore (1924 1 p. 150 states tr.at 11the,,y are attracted 1y :: •.: ...iultitud.inous brine shr~s

(Artearia) that swarlll in many b~s. bcc~cc ~f the density of the water the birds seem to rest lightly on the surface and after divi~b oob up like cor.1es.11

4 (6) / J?odilymbus podice-ps ( Lin...'lacae)'.

Pie0-"billed Grebe

Synon.yms -- Carolina Grebe; Thick-billed Grebe. Status-Fairly comr~on resident in the marshy regions of northern Utah and a winter visitor throughout the state. Reported from Bear River Marshes by :or. Wetmore (1923 p. 3). Fairly com::10µat Ogeen in September and October {Allen 1672, P• 153). Oberholser (1921, p. 346) reports its frequenting the open water and marshes of the Great Salt Lake. Henshaw (1875, p. 490) records tba.t it is aou.ndant on Rush Lske in se,tem'l.:er. W. c. Henderson of the U. s. Biological survey, (Letter April 2, 1927) reports a collection of nests and eggs from Great Salt Lake on May 22, 1925.

5 (7) / Cavia. imner (Brunnich).

Oo::n:nonloon

Synonyms-Colymbus torcuatos; Col;,1nbus glacialis; Great liort'hern Diver.

Status--Occurs in Utah as a winter visitor and migrant, but is never common. Recoi·ded for Great Salt Lake by Profess01- Spencer F. ~aird (1852, p. 324). Hensr.a.w (1875, pp. 487-8) reports that this species is regarded by the fishermen of Utah Lake as being rather com::iona.nd rewaini:ng on the -14-

:BlRDS OF LTAli

Lake until quite late ln the fall. It is also found. on the Lake in early

spring. No breeding records are recorded for this state.

6 (53) La.rus callfornicu.::: Lawrence. California Gull Synonym--Califorr.ia lierri4a Gull~

Status--This species is probably the most common gull foiJ.nd in the

Great l3asin during summer, but according to Ridgway (1877, pp. 537-8) it

seems to be entirely absent in winter, when its place is ta.ken by La.ru.s delewarensis. In sum:uer the writer has found it abundant on Utah Lake, Great

Salt Lake, a..~d Bear Lake. It nests in immense numbers in colonies on the

islands of Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake (Ridgway 18??; 1919 p. 622).

Its spring migration comroonces rather earl,. D~rir..g the first week of .liarch 192?, it was found on Utah Lake and by March 10 it was abundant.

:Because of its feeding habits this bird :1as enshrined itself in the hearts of the pe0ple of Utah. For its services in saving the crops of the

destitute Mormon ~ioneers in 1848 from the sweeping hordes of Monnon crickets

(Anabrus simplex), the Church has erected a beautiful Sea Gull monument on

Temple Block at Salt Ia~e City.

7 (54) Larus delawarensis Ord.

Ring-billed Gull

Status--This gull is a cor1.00n resident on the larger bodies of water

throughout the state. Henshaw (18?5, p. 485) foum. it quite numerous on

Provo River late in liovt::mber, when the lak:e was frozen over. On November 30,

1872, he and Dr. Yarrow collected specimens on Provo River. Tr:is species is -15-

BIRDS CF UTAH

fou.r:d. associate:d with .La.c··v..sca.lifornicus and ofteu nests with it on the

islands of the Great Salt l.Ake (Bent. 1921, p. 139) and (Allee 1926 p. 492).

8 (59) La.rus frank:lini Richardson.

Franklin Gull

Synonym-Ohroicocenhalus franklinii

Sta.tus--The Franklin Gull is much less common in Utah than any of

the preceding species of the state. Ridgway (1919, p. 642) gives two re-

cords of its nesting near Bear River. One skin is in the Brigham Young

University collection, taken by Professor Goodwin on the Bear River sloughs

June 6, 1908.

9 (60) Larus ph ilade 1-phis (Ord)

Bonaparte Gull

Synozzym--Chroicocephalus philadelphia.

Status--! have been able to find only one record for this bird in

DJta.t.. Mr. Allen (1872, p. 171) fou1.d it at Ogden on October 1. Apparently

it is e.xpremely rare.

10 (62) ~ sabini (Sabine). Sa.'bine Gull

Syno~s--~ sabinii; fork-tailed Gull.

St.atus~-Apparent ly it is not ver1 common in the State. Allen (la72,

p. 171) took one skin at Ogden September 28, 1871. Coues (1903, p. 1000)

records it as being an ireegu.lar winter visitant to Utah. -15-

BIRDS OF tlrAH

ll (64) Sterna cas·pia Pallas

Caspia."1 Tern

Synonyms~-Sternia regia; Sterna maxima; Hydro-pregne caspia; Royal Tern.

Statu.s--Fairly COlilillonin northern Utab. Ridgway ( 18??, :p. 539) reports this species as being more or less com,.--nonamong the marshes near

Great Salt Lake in June and July. Probably founi only in the northern part of the sta.te. Henshaw reports tbat it is not uncomnon in su.mrner and that it breeds within the state (18?4, p. 13). Palmer (1916 pp. 115-11?) also gives reference to its occurrence in northern Utah. Allee (1926 P• 492) gives record of its nesting on Hat Island of Great Salt Lalce. Eggs were collected

Ma,y 10 on the Islar.d of Utah Lake.

12 ( 69) Sterna forsteri Nuttall

Forster Tern

Synonym--Havell Tern.

Status--Ridgw~ (18?7, p. 640) believed this species to be tr.e ..i.OSt abundar~t tern on the Great Salt Lake. Henshaw (1874, P• 406) fo~nd. it quite common on Utah Lake in the sum.:.aer. He found it nest i.Dg among tr..e tules along the shore. Bent (1921, p. 236) gives twenty-nine nesting records for the Salt

Lake region. One skin taken on Utah Lake is in the Brigham Yo-wig University col le ct ion.

13 (7?) Chlidonias nigra surinamensis (gmelin).

Black Tern

Synon.:r:ns--¥,.vdrochelidon fissipes; l!i·drockelidon la.riformis;

Hydrochelidon nigra surinamcnsis; Short-tailed Tern.

Status--Thiz lively and interesting tern is fairly cowaon in summer --17-

�I :ans OF ur&H in the marshes surroundii¥:; l;el:1.1' �e m d the northern part of Great Sa.It

Lake. It is less com::J.on on Utah Lake. Breedi ng records are listed fl'lr u�.;.;..1. Lake (Bent. 1921, P• 296) and for Great Salt Lake (Henshaw, 1874, P• 13).

It also umoilbtedly breeds on the shore of Be-ar Lake as it is fourd there in good numbers during the breeding season.

14 (120) /Phalacrocorax. auritus a.uritus (Lesson).

Double-crested Cormorant

Synonyms--Gra.c""J.lns dilo,,hus; ?Da.lacrocorax dilo-ol-.--.is, :Slack Sr.a.g.

otatus--Fairly common iu summer on the lakes &"ld larger streaills of

L.ortl:..err.. c:l....d central Utar... .1. t :i.s k:i.o'\Vu to :...c::r'; on the Great Salt Lake

( Bent. 1922, pp. 250-1) and on Utah Lake. In Jv.ue, 1926, the writer found one iniivudual perched on a dead c1:1t";,:,:::.-wood limb about ten miles inland :from 1he mouth of the Weber River.

15 (120c) ; Fhal acrocorax auritus albociliatus Ridgway.

Parallon Cormorant

Synonym--?hala.crocorax dilophus.

Status-This species irbabits the same localities as does the preceding, but is less commo:::.. Baird (1852, p. 324) reports it from the

Great Salt La,ke. Bent (1922, p. 261) also gives record of its breeding ou

the islands of the Great Salt Lake.

16 ( 125) v Pelecanus erythrorh;/nchos G,-nelin.

White Pel ican

Synonyms�-Pelecanus trachyrh;tnchus; Pelecanus erythrorhynchu.s;

Pelecanus onocrotalus. -18-

/ BIRDS OF UTAH

Statu~--Common upon the lake~ of the ncrthern half of the :!'State a~ a summer visitor. Abert (1845, p. 149) captured one ~pecimen at the mounth of Bear River, .:ieptember 3, 1842. Sta.n~bury (Baird, 1852, p. 324) founa it exceedingly abundant about Great ~alt Lake in 1851. Henghaw (1875,pp. 484-5 & 1874 p. 13) found it common upon Utah Lake ana Sevier Lake. Regardin~ its nestinp in Utah, he • remarked; TTAlthoup-h no lonp-er breeding upon Great i3alt Lake, it undoubted does so ·,v-ithin the limits of t:he territory." Later in- vestiration has shown that it does breed there in great numbers. Professor J. H.Paul, (1911, pp. 36-38) reports a seven day trip to "Bird Island" in company with other observers. Here he says the young were in droves. All0e (1926, p. 492) estimates that about 2000 pelicans nest on Hat Island of the Great Salt Lake each year.

Bent (1922, pp. 292-3) rives nesting records for the Great Salt Lake region. Rev. Goodwin, (1904, p. 126) describes its nesting on Utah Lake. Local fishermen report that -;;hile this species is common on the Utah Lake in the summer it no longer nest~ there. Other accounts are given of its nestine in Utah. During the month of September, all leave northern Utah for more southern -.,vinter resorts. The spring arrival at Utah Lake usually commences a.bout the ~irst week in ltarch.

17 (129) MerPus americanus Cassin v American Merganser Synonyms--1.~err-us merr-anser; Sheldrake. -19-

BIRDS OF UTAH i,,/

St~tus --The distributional record of Utah of this merganser is extremely limited. Henshaw (1875,p.483 and 1874,p.13) and Merriam (1872,p.715) record it as being in the state. It probably is of general distribution. It is often found on Utah Lake in the spring and fall. 18 ( 130} Mergus serrator Linnaeus • ./ Red-breasted Horganser. Status--Fairly abundant winter visitant. Henshaw (1875,p.484} found it more common at Utah Lake in November than any other of its tribe. He found that it preferred the rivers to the open lakes. ft is probably of f'eneral distribution. Dr. Merriam (1893,p.15) notea three females at the mouth of the Beaverdam Creek, just over the Utah line in Arizona, on May 8 and 10. It most probably breeds in Utah. 19 ( 131} Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus}. ✓' Hooded Merganser Status.--A common fall and winter visitant. Henshaw (1875,p.484 and 1915 pp. 109 and 126) found it well distributed on the waters ·of Utah. Bent (1923, p.30) seems to accept this view that it is of general distribution.

20 (132) Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus.

✓ Mallard Duck Synonyms--Anas Boschas; Green-head. Status--Common resident; breeding quite abundantly in suitable localities throu~hout the state. It also winters in Utah in still -20-

BIRDS OF UT.AH larger numbers. In the fall it appears to spena much time on the lana, frequenting grain and corn fields. Early recoras seem to show that it was formerly more abundant than now. A number of breeding records are given for the state (Bent. 1923, p.47). The writer has found it breeding on Utah Lake, Great Salt Lake, and Bear Lake. It is said to breed in southern Utah. 21 ( 133) Anas rubripes Brewster. ✓ Black Duck Synonyms--Anas obscurus; Anas obscura. Status--A casual winter visitor. A mounted skin of this species, taken at Bear River Marshes is on display at the B~ar River Duck Club

House. ( Letter of State Game Corrm1issioner, D. H. Mad sen, March 31,

1927). Henshaw (1875, p.473) records: "Upon Dr. Yarrow's authority it appears to be a bird of Utah, he having- seen a number of what he believed to be this species at Hush Lake in November. one pair of this species is at the Utah State Game Farm at Springville. Hunters have reported taking it on Utah LaKe. One pair was reported taken in Utah County in 1926. 22 (135) Chaulelasmus streperu.s (Linnaeus.) Gadwall Duck Status--Henshaw (1874,p.12) regarded the Gadwall as being very abundant except during the dea1 of winter. As late as November he and Dr. Yarrow (1875, p.474) found a few in the sloughs and ponds about Provo. He stated that greatnumbers had passed on south. In September ana October Allen (1872, p.172) found it abundant near -21-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Ogden. It nests quite abundantly in Utah, especially in the northern part of the state (Bent, 1923, p.85). Wetmore (1921,p.5) estimates that. about 200 nest in this region each year. 23 (137) Mareca americana (Gmelin) • ., Baldpate· Synonym--American Widgeon. Status--A fairly common r~sident in northern Utah and a fall and vvinter visitant to all other parts of the state. Wetmqre (1921,p.5)estimates that about ten -pairs nest on Bear River Marshes each year. Bent.(1923, pp. 97-98) g-ives a number of breeding records for the Great Salt Lake region. Stansbury (Baird 1952,p.522) found it common on Jordan River. Henshaw (1874,p.12) regarded it as being abundant throughout the state. Allen (1872,p.172) found it common throughout the Salt Lake region in September and October. Ridgway (1874,p.622} found it a common summer resident and breeding on Rabbit Island, Great Salt Lake in June. Henshaw (1875,p.475) found it .occuring in great abundance throughout Utah in the fall. As ~ate as November he found this species in considerable numbers in the. neighborhood of Provo. We have one skin of this species at Brigham Young University, taken on the Sevier River, near Mills, Utah, Oc1Dber 1, 1926. 24 (139) Nettion carolinense (Gmelin). / Green-winged Teal Synonym--Querqu~dula carolinensis. Status--A fairly abundant resident in Utah. Dr. \Jetmore estimates that about fifty pairs breed at the Bear River Marshes -22-

BIRDS OF UTAH •

each year. During the summer of 1914 he treated over six hundred of these birds at Bear Hiver Bay for alkali poisoning (Wetmore, 1918,p.21). Bent (1923, p.110) also gives a goodly number of breeding records for this region. It is said to breed on Utah Lake. The earliest collectors in this region found it very abundant in the Salt Lake Valley (Baird, 1852, p.322 and 1858, p.778; Allen 1872, p.172; Henshaw 1874, p.12 and 1875, pp.475-6). During the fall and early winter months the species is generally distributed throughout the state, its having been taken at St. George (Tanner, 1927 MS.); Provo, Thistle Valley, and Deep Creek (Henshaw 1875,p.476). 25 (140) Querguedula discors (Linnaeus). Blue-winged Teal Status--This teal is much less common in Utah today than former- . ly, and probably never has been quite as abundant as has its cousins Q.cyanoptera or!• carolinense. Dr. Wetmore (1921,p.5) estimates that about ten pairs breed in the Bear i{iver Marshes each year. Like the precedi_ng species, it probably breeds in many localities of the state. Henshaw (1875, p.477) found it at the same time and place as the preceding, and in about equal numbers. He states that in the fall, "immense numbers of this, like the Green-winged'I'eal, pass through the central and southern regions on their way still farther south". He fauna them well content ·~o settle down wherever they couJ:,~ find sufficient water to float upon, "ana are as well contented in the narrow brush lined streams, or some little pool of water a -23-

BIRDS OF UTAH few feet in diameter, as their bigger brethren of the lakes." In August he ~cok specimens at £airfield and at Thistle Valley. In June, Dr. Nelson (1874, p.345) found a female with two young only a few days old in a stream flowing through a meadow. in the northern slope of the Uinta Mountains, in extreme northern Utah about thirty miles routh of fort Bridger,· Wyoming. During the latter part of July he observed a few adults near the mouth of the Jordan River. Bent(l923,p.1.25) pives breeding records for central Utah, (Fairfield). 26 (141) Querqueaula cyanoptera (Vicillot)/

✓ Cinnamon Teal Synonyms--Ptorocyanea rafflesii; ~uerquedula cyanopterus; Anas cyanoptera; Red-breated Teal. Status--This handsome species is a very common resident throughout the major portion of the state, breeding in the marshes. Dr. Wetmore (1921,p.5) estimates that about eight hundred pairs breed in the .dear River Marshes each year. He found young only fou.r or five days old as late as Aumist 8. Bent(l923,p.130). Henshaw reearded it as breeding in great numbers in the marshes of Utah Lake. Here, he says it makes its appearance later in the spring than moBt of the other ducks, while its departure south takes place at an earlier period than that of any other species. Stansbury (Baird, 1852,p.322) found it common on the Jordan River. He states that "this beiutiful species is now for the second time presented as an inhabitant of North America." He pave a des- -24-

BIRDS OP UTAH cription of t·he specimens collected inasmuch as no description had before been piven of a North American Specimen. I have =ound it common on the sloughs near Utah and Great Salt Lake in May and June. Dr. Merriam (1873, p.703) captured two specimens in Salt Lake Valley, June 19, 1872. During the spring and early summer, Dr. Merriam ( Fisher 1893, p.16) found this duck breeding at numerous warm springs and alkali ponds throughout the districts visi tea in the Lo'.1\l'BrSonoran zone in southern Nevada and southwestern Utah. He found it on the Santa Clara Valley, Utah, May 11,

1891. Tanner (1927, MS) records that it is one of the common ducks in October and November along the Virgin .diver. 27 (142) Spatula dy~eata (Linnaeus). / Shoveller

Sta:tus--A common summer resident. Dr. ,vetmore (1921,p. 5) estimates that a.bout two hundred fifty pairs annually breed in the Bear River Marshes of Northern Utah, and by the end of the breeding season there are at least 1750 native birds in this locality. Early in the fall this number is au~mented by mip-rants from farther north. Allen (1872,p.172) found the species very common in the Salt Lake VallAy as early as September 1. Henshaw ~1875, p. 478) also rega1ded it as being abundant on the larger ponds and lakes throughout the state. He collected two snecimens (September 30 and October 2) at Rush Lake in southern Utah. 28 (143) Dafila Acuta (Linnaeus). J Pintail Synonym--Sprigtail. -25-

BIRDS OF U':1AH

Status--Fairly common summer resident in northern Utah. Ac- cording to Dr.,'letmore (1921, p.5) approximately one hundred thirty pairs breed in the Bear rtiver Marshes. Bent (1923,pp. 155-6) records a number of breeding records for this locality. Stansbury (Baird 1852,p.323) found it at Salt Lake in 1851. Allen (1872,p. 172) classed it as an abundant species for Salt Lake Valley during September ana October. Henshaw (1874,p.12) re~arded it as a common fall visitor. It is fairly common on Utah Lake in the fall and spring. 29 (144) Aix sponsa (Linnaeus). v Wood Duck Synonym--Summer duck. Status--This superb species was reported by Allen (1872,p.172) to be "common" near Ogden in °eptember 1872; however, most of the other ornithologists 7;ho came into this state before and a::ter that time did not find it here. Since that date its numbers have ·materially decreased until today it is an exceedingly rare visitor in the state. Fishermen on Utah Lake report that this most beautiful species was never common but is occasionally seen on or near the lake in the sprin? and fall. A pair is reported to have been taken at the mouth of Provo River in March of 1920. Probably it has nested within the borders of the state. Bent (1923,p.170)

states that 11probably " it breeds in Utah·.

30 (146) Nyroca americana (Eyton).

✓ Redhead. -26-

BIRDS OF UTAH .,,

Synonyms--Aythya americana; Aythya ferina; Var americana; Fuligula ferina; Var americana; Marila americana. Status--The most abundant resident in suitable localities of northern Utah. It is most common and widely distributed in the fall ana winter. 1'1etmore (1921,p.5) records that 1725 pairs is a very conservative estimate of the number of ducks on this species

bre~~inf in tnd Bear River Marshes each year. He further states that by the end of the breeding season there are at least 12,075 native individuals in this locality. The writer has found it fairly common in the marshes of Utah Lake during the breeding season. Allen (1872,p.172) found it abundant throughout the I Salt Lake Valley in September and October. Baird (1858, p.794) reports a collection at Salt Lake City and also on the Uncompagre River, eastern Utah. Henshaw (1874,pp.48O-l) found it to be abundant and quite ~eneral in distribution in the fall and winter, and collected SJe'cimens at Utah Lake November 27, 1872, and at Rush Lake Octoberl, 1872. Bent (1923, p. 184) reports that it breeds at Rush Lake in south·.vestern Utah. Tanner (1927 MS) reports a collection of this species at St. George in November. 31 (147) Aristonetta valieineria (Wilson) Canvas-back Duck SyRonym--Aythya vallisneria. Status--Rather rare breeder in northern Utah. Bent (1923,p.2O1) reports that it breeds in l:ioxelder and Davis Counties. ,Jetmore (1921,p.4) on the authority of A. o. ~reganza pf Salt Lake City -27-

BIRDS OF UTAH reports that it breeds in northern Utah. The canvasback is fairly common in Northern Utah after October 10. Most of them are said to remain in the fall until water freezes. By December 1 practically all h&ve flown to more southern regions. Tanner (1927 MS) reports taking it on the Virgin River Santa Clara Fields ( iiashing- ton County) in October and November. 32 (148) Fulix marila nearctica (Stejneger). American Scaup Duck Synonyms--Fulix marila; Euligula marila; Marila marila; Greater Scaup Duck; Bi~ Black Head. Status--Probably of ~eneral distribution but not numerous. Not as common today as formerly. Henshaw (1874,p.13) reports it as De ing common in Utah. He a1s0 states ( 187 5, p .479) that "among the hordes or ducks seen at Utah Lake in November, the presence of this species was recognized andseveral were shot. Though not so numerous as certain other species, they were still quite common." Jhen the Lake became frozen over he found them follo,,ving up the river to the rapids. Allen found them co □mon in the SaltLake Valley in September and October. Bent (1923,p.210) reports them ~intering in Utah. 33 (149') Fulix affinis (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck Synonyms--Marila affinis; Fuligula affinis; Little Black Head; Shuffler; Bluebill. -28-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--Less common than the preceding species, and certainly much less common than formerly. Baird (1852,p.324) found it, common near Great Salt Lake in Uarch. Henshaw (1875,p.475) reports that it is an earlier fall mi~rant than Fulix marila nearcta. The distribution in Utah for these two related species is much the same. Netmore (1921, p. 9) reports the Lesser Scaup Duck as beinp- rather common in the Bear River Marshes between the Last of October and December 1. A few breed in northern Utah. 34 (150) Perissonetta collaris (Donovan). ,- ning-necked Duck • Synonyms --Fulix collaris; Fuligul~ collaris. Status--~ somewhat rare summer reshl ent in nOO'thern Utah (Bent, 1923,p.229). Late in the fall its distribution becomes quite general and much more common than during the summer. Henshaw (1875, p.479) reports collecting a young female at Hush Lake in September. 35 ( 151) / Glangula clanrola americana Bonaparte American polden-eye Synonym--Bucephala americana. Status--Common fall ana vvinte r visi"tant to northern Utah. Henshaw (1875,p.480) regards it as a common winter visitant and stated that it was found in great abundance on Utah Lake durin~ the fall. Capt. Beckwith (Baird, 1858,p.796) collected ~ne skin at

Salt Lalm in iebruary. 36 (152) Clangula islandica (Gmelin). ✓ Barrow Golden-eye

Synonyms--Bu.cephala island j ca; Rocky Mountain G~.rrot ..' -29- ·,!

,,, BIRDS OF UTAH i '·

Status--Fairly common fall and winter visitant to northern Utah, but 1 ess common than the preced inp::. Distribution in Utah is practically the same as C.c americana. Henshaw (1875, p.481) collected specimens on Utah Lake as late as December 1. Dr. Coues (1903, p.929) and Bailey (1924,p.60) list this species as wintering in Utah.

37 ( 153) ✓ Charitonetta albeola (Linnaeus). Buffle-head Synonyms--Glangula albeola; Bucephala albeola; Butter-ball. Status--A common fall and winter visitant; generally distributed throughout the state. Henshaw (1875,p.482) found it in various localities in the state. we states that it was very common, but always ~und in small companies. St8.l!ilsbury (Baird, 1852, p.324) collected it at Provo in February,,, o_f 1850. ,/etmore(l921,p.9) reports that it becomes common in the Bear River Marshes after Oct- ober 10. The writer has taken this duck on the Rio Virgin during the winter months. 38 (165) v Uelani tta de gland i· (Bonaparte) • White-winged Scoter.

Status --A rare winter visitor to the larger bodies of water of northern Utah. Bent (1925,p.142)lists it as a fall (October 8) migrant to Bear River. One mounted skin, taken near Great Salt Lake, is on display at the Bear River Duck Club (Utah State Game Comrnissioner,D. H. Madsen, Letter March 31, 1926.) .l!1ishermen report to me that they have occasionally seen this bird on Utah Lake.

We have no record of its occurrence in the southern part of the state. • -30-

BIRDS OF UTAH

39 (166) Melanitta perspicillata (Linnaeus). Surf Scot.er Status--A rare visitor to northern Utah. Bent (1925,p.151) gives one fall record (October 24} fo":- Bear River. One mounted specimen, taken in northern Utah is on display at the State Capitol.

An experienced fisherm~n of Utah Lale§ reports seeing it on that Lake in the late fall of 1925. 40 ( 167) Erismatura jamaiconsis (Gmelin). v Ruddy Duck Synonym --Erismatura rubida. Status--A common resident in northern Utah. 1'/etmore ( 1921, p.5) estimates that approximately 175 pairs of Ruddy Ducks annually nest in the Bear River Marshes. Allen (1872, p.172)reported it to be common in the Salt Lake Valley during September and October. Henshaw ( 1875, p.483) found it in small numbers on Utah Lake in November. He collected one skin November 27. Bent (1925,p.161) reports it to be a spring migrant on the Bear River (March 30). It is probably a winter visitant to southern Utah. 41 (169) Chen hyperboreus hyper·boreus (Pallas). v Snow Goose Synonyms--Anser hyperboreus; Anser albatus; Lesser Snow Goose; White Brant. Status-- Fairly common w.inter visitant throughout the state. Allen (1872,p.172) found it common in Salt Lake Valley after October 1. Henshaw (1875,p.470) found them in immense numbers at Rush Lake, -31-

BIRDS OF UTAH

southwestern Utah, early in November. He records; "They throng through the territory during the fall months, retiring farther south only as the lakes become covered with ice." Bent (1925,p.172) records it as being a fall, winter, and spring visitor to Utah.

A number of specimens taken in Utah are at the State Game Farm at Springville. These birds .find the environment uns~ited for the

rearing of young and as a result they refuse to nest here. 42 (170) Exanthemops ressi (Cassin). Rose Goose

Status--This small and beautiful goose is a rare visitor to northern Utah. Bent (1925, p.188 lists it as a fall migrant to the Bear River Marshes. It was foun1 October 22.

43 ( 171 a) Anser albifrone albifrone (Scopoli). ✓ White-fronted Goose Synonyms--Anser erythropus; Anser gambelii; Laughing Goose. Status--A somewhat rare winter visitor. Stansbury (Baird I 1852,p.32;) found it pn the Jordan River in March. Bent (1925, A p ..196) gives a fall migration record of October 1 for the Bear River, Utah. lishermen report that it is found in small numbers on the Utah Lake each ~inter. One specimen taken in Utah County is at the State Game Farm. 44 ( 172) Branta canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus)

11/ Canada Goose Synonyms--Anser canadensis; Bernicla canadensis; Branta canadensis; -32-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--Fatrly common resident in northern Utah, Bear River Marshes in particular. Wetmore estimates that about a hunared pairs nest there each year. Ridgway (1877,p.620) and others found it breeding on the shore and on the islands of the Great Salt Lake. A limited number of these birds are kno 1Nn to nest on the shores of Utah Lake each spring. The nesting season is practically over by May 15, Nelson (1874) observed several flocks south of the Great Salt Lake in July and August. In the fall and winter the Canada Goose is found in great numbers throughout the state. Many records are piven for its occurrence in northern Utah. Henshaw (1875,p.471) records that by November the surface of many of the larger ponds and lakes are often covered with multitudes of these majestic honkers. During December and January the 7iri ter has found several large flocks on the Virgin River in Washington County.

45 {174) Branta bernicla nigricans (Lawrence). Black Brant Status--A rare winter visitor to suitable localities throu?h- out central and western Utah. Bent (1925, p.~~) reports it a cas.ual visitor to the Bear .r.Uver. Henshaw (1875, p.472) states that a few of what he beli~ved to be Black Brant were seen at Rush Lake, Iron County, In November. The writer has seen this species in eastern Nevada, close to the Utah line,during the winter months.

46 (180) v'/ Olor columbnnus (Ord). Nhistling Swan Synonym--Cy~nus americanus. -33-

✓ BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--A rare winter visitor. Baird (1852,p.321) collected two specimens, March 10, 1850 at the mouth of Jordan River. Lieut- enant Beckwith (Baird, 1853) also captured one specimen near Salt Lake City. rhe writer has seen this species taken on the Virgin River south of St. George in December. One mounted skin, taken in Utah Valley, is in the collection at the State Capitol, Salt Lake City, One specimen is also held in capitivity at the State Game Farm. / 47 (183) Ajaia ajaia (Linnaeus). Roseate Spoonbill Status--Accidental in Utah. One breeding pair was captured at Wendover, Great Salt Lake, July 2, 1919. Bailey (1924,p.511) and Bent ( 1926,p.23) also give reference to this. 48 (184) Guara alba (Linnaeus) Whit~ Ibis Sysnonyms--Ibis Alba.

Status--Probably a few breed in northern Utah ( Henshaw 1874, p.12.) The species is not common. Allen (1872,p.172) writes:

110nly a few seen in (Salt Lake Valley, said to be frequent in summer." Bent (1926,p.35) regards it as being only casualy occurrence in the Salt Lake Valley.

49 (187) 1 Ple~adis ~uaranna )Linnaeus). White-faced Glossy Ibis Sysnonyms--Ibis falcinellus; Var. ordii; Ibis puarauna; Falcinellus ~uarauna; Black ship; Bronzed Ibis.

Status--Common summer visitant in northern Utah. Allen -34-

BIRDS OF UTAH

(1872,p. 172) report that it is common in Salt Lake Valley in the summer, but leaves early in September. Henshaw (1875,p.463) found it common on Utah Lake. On June6, members of the Brigham Young. University Expedition of 1926 found it in flocks of upwards of a hundred, feeding in irrigated pasture land near Bear River Marshes. Bent ( 1926 ,p.56) gives a breeding record for the Bear River Marshes.

50 (188) P-/ Mycteria americanas (Linnaeus). Wood-Ibis Synonyms--Tantalus loculator. Status--Henshaw (1875,p.462.) found this species fairly common at Rush Lake, October l; Ridgway (1900,p.125.) also records it as being in the state. 51 ( 190) Botaurus lentipinosus (Mota.gu). f' American Bittern Synonym--Botaurus minor. Status--Fairly common in suitable localities in all parts of Utah ( Henshaw 1874,p.112; also others). Henshaw(l875, p.476) collected one skin at Panguitch September 17, 1872 and one skin at Beaver September 24th, 1872. In May and June the writer has found it fairly common about Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake. Allee (1926,p.488) found it breeding in Salt Lake Valley. 52 (194) Ardea herodias tre?anzai Court. Pallid Great Blue Heron -35-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Synonyms--Ardea herodias; Treganza Great Blue Heron. Status--Common summer resident in suitable localities of northern Utah. Breeds on various islands of Great Salt Lake(Court, 1908,p.291-2) and near the shore of Utah Lake. During September ana October Allen (1872,p.172) found it rather common in Salt Lake Valley. As late as December 1, Henshaw (1875,p.466) found. this species on the shore of Utah Lake. Wetmore(l923,p.13) has

secured a number of banding records for the Bear River Marshes. Tanner(1927,US) reports that it is a fall and spring migrant in Washington County. Fisherman reports that a few individuals remain near the Utah Lake every wi.~r. Bent (1926,p.127) reports that the Treganza Heron winters at St. George in southern Utah. 53 (196) Herodias egretta (Gmelin). ✓ American Egret. Synonyms--Nhite Heron; Great White Heron. Status-- Breeds in the Bear River Marshes of northern Salt Lake Valley (Bent, p.133, and Allee 1926, p.488), but is· not very

common. Henshaw{ 11874,p.12;. 1875, p.465) reports finding it at Bea- ver in September, and records that "it is probably not collll!lon near Provo, though it ha~ been seen ther~". The writer has seen it in Bear River Marshes in June. 54 (197) Egretta candidissima candidissima (Gmelin) Snowy Egret -36-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--A fairly common summer resident in northern and central

Utah; less common, how·ever, than formerly. ,Vetmore (1923,pp.4,14) gives eighty-three baudi.ag records for the Bear River Marshes. Here, he states, the snowy heron nests in colonies. Law (1925,p.42) gives reference to a banding record in Utah. Members of the Brigham Young University Expedition of 1926 found this species near Corrine, Utah in June. It has also been found sparingly on the shores of Utah Lake. Fishermen report that it occasionaJ.Jy nests there. The writer has found it on Utah Lake during breeding season. Bent(l926, p.145 ann Allee p.486) also record that it breeds in the Salt Lake Valley.

55 ( 202) v Nycticorax nycticorax naevius (Boaaaert). Black-crowned Night Heron Synonyms--Nyctiardea ~risea naevia; Nyctiardea grisea, var naevia; Night Heron. Status--Common resident in suitable localities throue·hout the state. Henshaw (1875,p.466) found it about Utah Lake in December.

Re .also collected it at Beaver, Utah in September •. Allen (1872,p. 172) and Wetmore (1923,p.3) record it as being common in the Salt Lake Valley. The writer has collected it on the Virgin River, near St. George, in September. Bent (1926,p.211) lists Provo as a rare winter range. -37-

BIRDS OF UTAH

56 ( 206) Uegalornis mexicanue (Muller). Sandhill Crane. Synonyms--Grus canadonsis; Grus mexicana; Brown Crane. Status--Fairly common resident; formerly exceedingly abundant. Baird (1850,p.319) writes: "Found during fall and winter in immense flocks in mars~es along Great Salt Lake. Henshaw (1874,p.12) lists the species as breeding within the state and as being "not uncommon." He (Henshaw, 1875,p.467) reports seeing it at :lHsh Sprin~s. Utah, in August 1872. Companies of two or three were afterwards observed on the plains later in the season. It is also re-ported for Utah Lake. 57 (208) Rallus elegans Audubon. King Rail Synonym--Rallus crepitans; Clapper Rail. Status--A rare visitor to the northern portions of the state. Allen (1872,p.172) found a few individuals in the Salt Lake Valley in September and October of 1872. No records are given for its occurrence in any other part of the state. 58 (212) Rallus virginianus Linnaeus. Virginia Rail Status--The most abundant and generally distributed rail in Utah. It is a resident throughout most of the state. Henshaw (1875,p.468) writes: ''The Virp'.inia Rail appears to inhabit nearly

·or quite all the marshes and reedy borders of the ponds and lakes -38-

BIRDS OF UTAH of Utah. In fact, only the presence of a few yards of grassy swamp land by the side of pond or running stream is needed to insure the presence of this bird." Probably it is not so numerous as formerly. Brent(l926, p. 312} records it as a summer resident in the Salt Lake Valley. It is a fairly common winter resident in Utah Valley. One skin was collected near Utah Lake January 2, 1926. Many records are given for its occurrence in Utah. 59 (214) Porzana carolina (Linnaeus). Sora Rail Synonyms--Common Rail; Carolina Rail. Status--Not so common as R. virginianus,but is found in the same localities. Many references are given for its occurrence and general distribution in Utah. Breeding records are given for localities near Provo, Salt Lake City and Ogden. It probably breeds in suitable localities throughout the state. 60 (215) Coturnicops noveboracensis (Gmelin). Yellow Rail Synonyms--Porzana jamaicensis; Porzana novoboracensis. Status--A casual summer visitant to the marshes of northern Utah. Ridgway (1877, p. 613) observed this species at Ru.by Valley in September, 1868, and at Par~ 1 s Park in June, July, and August, 1869. It was undoubtedly nesting at Parley 1 s Park. No recent records are given for its occurrence within the state. -39-

BIRDS OF UTAH

61 ( 218} Ionornis martinicus (Linnaeus). Purple Callinule Synonym--Ionornis gallinule. Status--But one record of this bird has been given for utah. Mr. John W. Sugden (1925,p.210) of Salt Lake City reports: "On November 23, 1924, a female bird was seen at Haynes Lake, Salt Lake County, about twelve miles southeast of Salt Lake City. The bifd was in the rushes bordering the lake and was noticed when it flew a short distance to another part of the shore. No others were seen, but this one was taken and positively identified. ~he weather was cold and there was some snow on the ~round, but the bird was active and well nourished." Reference is also made to this by Bent (1926,p.345). 62 {221) Fulica americana Gmelin. American Coot Synonym--Mud Hen. Status--An abundant summer resident to suitable localities throughout the major portions of Utah. Henshaw (1875,p.470)' records: "The lakes and ponds of Utah are sometimes in the fall faifty covered with the coots.that swarm in from their northern summer resorts, make a brief stay of one or two days, then with renewed strength stretch their wings for the south. Allen (1872, p.172) found them abundant in the Salt Lake Valley during September -40-

BIRDS OF UTAH and October. Wetmore (1923, p.4) g-ives a number of banding records for the Bear River Marshes. Baird (1858,p.751) collected one skin a.t Great Salt Lake in March. Dr. Tanner and the writer collected one skin at Goshen, Utah County, in April, 1926. The species is fairly common near Utah Lake by April 20. A few probably winter in extreme southern Utah. Tanner (1927 MS) collected it at St. George in april, 1922. 63 (223) Lobipes Lobatus (Linnaeus). Northern Phalarope Status--Spring and fall migrant throurh Utah. Wetmore (1925, p.4) states that during mip-ration great numbers pass through the interior by way of Great SaltLake. September 19, 1926, at "The Sinks" near Lyndyl, Millard County, the writer encountered a flock of about twenty. They were quite friendly and exceedingly active, performing curious maneuvers on the water surface by continually nodding their heads and often whirling rapidly about. One was shot and wounded, v-;hereupon the others fle•v a few rods away, but when they saw their wounded companion they came back and eircled around it as if to keep an intruder away. Three male skins were collected. The stomach content showed a diet of small insects and insect larvae. 64 (224) Steganopus tricolor Vieillot. Wilson Phalarope Synonyms--Phalaropus wilsoni; Phalaronus wilsonii; Ste?anopus wilsoni. -41-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--Fairly common summer resident about the lakes ana mar?hes of northern Utah. Allen (1872,p.171) found this an abundant species in the Salt Lake Valley. He reports that it breeds on the islands of the Great Sa1t Lake in great numbers.

Merriam (1873,p.701) collected one skin at Salt Lake City in June. Henshaw (1874,p.451) and Ridgway(l877,p.604 report it as being a summer visitant to the Salt Lake Valley. Wetmore (1925,p.9) founa large flocks frequenting the lake front on Great Salt Lake where they feasted on thA tiny brine shrimps ( Artemia fertilisJ On June 10, 1926 the vvriter collected an adult male and a juvenal female in the salt marshes north of Far West, Utah. 65 (225) Recurvirestra americana Gmelin. Avocet Status--A common summer resident along the alkali flats and marshes of northern Utah, ana a migrant throu?hout the southern portion of the state.Apparently not so common as formerly. Stanbury (Baird 1850,p. 320) found it about thesho:re of Great Salt Lake as early as March. The .,.,ri ter has observe a it on Utah Lake by March 20. Allen found it very abundant and reports seeing a flock of "several thousand" on the shore of Great Salt Lake. Ridgway (1877,p.605) found it a common breeder on the islands of Great Salt Lake. EP,nsha~ (1875,p.448) collected one skin on the shore of UtahLake as late as November 26. Cook (1912, p.20) also reports it as being a late mi~rant through Utah. Many records -42-

BIRDS OF U'.(A.H are given for its occurrence during the.summer time along the shores of Great Salt Lake, ana Utah Lake, Dr. Tanner and the • writer found .it fairly common near Goshen in April. one skin was collected at that time. Tanner (1927 MS) collected three migrants in the marshes below St. George in May. 66 ( 226) Himantopus mexicarus )Muller}. Black-necked Stilt Synonyms--Himantopus nirricollis: American Stilt. Status--Found in the same localities ana at the same time as the preceding bird. There is a rather close similarity in the habits of the two species. '.::he stilt is less common than the avocet. Ridgway (1877,p.606) found it quite numerous about the southeastern portion of the Great Salt Lake. Here in May, he collected both birds and eg?s. In June Merriam (1873,p.702) collected skins ana eggs of this species near the shore of Great Salt Lake. In August, Henshaw (1875,p.450-5) collected it at Fairfield, Utah. One June 11, members of the Brigham Young Univer- sity Expedition of 1926 foun.d many broods of ne,'7ly hatched stilts in the Bear River Marshes. One adult was taken. 67 (230) Gallina~e delicata (Ord). Wilson Snipe

Synonyms--Gallinage wi ls Jni; GallinaP:o w·ilsoni i; English Snipe; Jack Snipe. -43-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--A rather common summer resident in wet and grassy places in northern Utah. The writer has found this species near Bear Lake, Great Salt Lake. and Utah Lake during the month of June. During the breeding season it was most common in the erassy meadows near Bear Lake. Members of our party (Brigham Young University Expedition of 1926) observed several broods of young on the west side of the lake near the Utah-Idaho state line. Ridgway (1877,p.606) found it at Parley's Park throughout the summer. Allen (1878, p.171) found it abundant in the Salt Lake Valley in September and October. Nelson (1874,p.345) observed it near Great Salt Lake in Julyana Au~ust.

A few of this species winter as far north as Provo. It was

observed near Provo River January 2. A flock of fifteen or twenty

vrnre seen ma.ny times in Provo auring January, :h1 ebruary, and March. Henshaw (1875,p.452) collected specimens near Provo as late as Noverr,oer 25. The \Hlson Snipe is a common winter visi ter in southern Utah, (Tanner, MS 1927). In December and January the writer found it around the ditches in St. George and in greater numbers along the Rio

Virgin. Two specimens were collected December 24 and December 31, 1926.

68 ( 232) Macrorhamphus priseus scolopacous (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher \ Synonyms--Uacrorhamphus £c'riseus; Macrorhamphus g.griseus; \\ Red-breasted Snipe. -44-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status-- Common migrant, Allen (1872,p. 171) regards it as being abundant in the Salt Lake Valley after September 25, and further records that probably it breeds here. Henshaw, (1975, p.454) found it an abundant migrant, frequenting the shores of the lakes and ponds in flocks. He collected one skin at Rush Lake October 1. Henshaw also regarded it as a probable breeder within the state as he obtained a skin at Provo in July in full summer dress (1874,p.11). Wetmore (1918, p.12) found it at Bear River t~arshes and treated individuals for alkali poinsoning. 69 (239) Pisobia maculata (Vieillot). Pectoral Sandpiper Status--A migrant throuph Utah. The only record at hand is that of Dr. Wetmore (1918, p. 12). He found this species in the Bear River Marshes and treated individuals for alkali poinsoning. It probably visits the larger water areas of the state. 70 (242) Pisobia minutilla {Vieillot). Least sandpiper Synonyms--Actodromas minutilla; ~rinea minutilla. Status--A spring, summer, and fall visitor throu~hout Utah. Henshaw (1875,pp.454-5) found it at various places in the state, and collected a skin at Provo in July. Ridgway (1877.p.608) observed it about the Great Salt Lake throur,hout the summer. It probably breeds within the state. Allen (1872,p.271) encountered a..,,fevv individuals at Ogden, but they were not common. Wetmore (1918, -45-

BIRDS OF UTAH

p.12) lists the species as being affected by the alkali rpOisoning at Bear River Marshes. In September the writer has noticed it in flocks of five to ten on the Rio Virgin and Santa Clara Creek. Two skins were collected in that l~cality on September 6. 1926. In December and January a few individuals were observed wintering near the same places; they were not common however. One skin was taken near Bloomington December 31. 71 (243a) Pelidna alpina sakhalina (Vieillot). Red-backed Sandpiper. Synonyms--Pelidna americana; Trainga alpina. var. americana. Status--A fairly common migrant in the Salt Lake and Utah Valleys. Allen (1872. p. 17~) found it common in this region in September. Dr. Merriam (1873) and Henshaw (1874) also 1?,ive reference to its migration within the state. No records are available for the southern portions of the state. 72 ( 246) Ereunetes pusillus (Linnaeus). Semi-palmatea Sandpiper Status--Known as a common fall migrant. It was detected by Henshaw (1875.p.454) at various parts of Utah and adjoining states. One skin was collected on Sevier Lake in September. 73 (247) Ereunetes mauri Cabanis Western Sandpiper Synonym -- Ereunetes pusillus. -46-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--A fairly common migrant through the. state. Dr. Nelson (1874, p. 347) reports seeing large flocks of this species visit the shore of Great Salt Lake in July and August. Wetmore (1918,p. 12) treated individuals at the Bear River Marshes for alkali poisoning. 74 (249) Limosa fedoa (Linnaeus). Marbled Godwit Status--Fairly common summer and fall migrant. According to Associate Chief, W. C. Henderson of the Biological Survey, (Letter, February 16, 1927) thirty-nine specimens of the Marbled Godwit have been taken in northern Utah. rvetmore (1923, p.3) gives a banding record for the Bear River Marshes and also records that (1918, p.12) this species was suffering from poisoning in the same locality. 75 ( 254) Tetanus molanoloucus (Gmelin). Greater Yellow-legs Synonyms--Gambetta melanoleuca; ~otanus melanoleuca. Status--A common fall mi~rant through Utah. H!.nshaw (1874, p.11; 1875,p.458) reported it as being abundant on practically all ponds and lakes of the state during fall migration. Allen (1872,p.171) found it very abundant in the Salt Lake Valley in September and October. Other records are ~iven for this. 76 (255) Totanus flavipes (Gmelin). Lesser Yellow-legs -47-

BIRDS OF UTAH

J Synonym--Gambetta flavipes; Summer Yellow-legs. Status--Possibly less numerous than the above, but has the same distribution. He.nsl!i,w (1875,p.479) found both species well distributed throughout the state during the fall migration. A number of other records are given for northern and central Utah. The writer has taken it on Utah Lake on April 22. 77 ( 256a) Helodromas solitarius cinnamomeus (Brewsterl Western Solitary Sandpiper. Synonyms--Rhyacophilus solitarius Totanus solitarius. Status-- Fairly common in appropriate habitats during the migratory season. Most frequently found in mountainous localities on the borders of small ponds and lakes. The species most probably breeds sparingly ·,vi thin the state. Nelson ( 1874,p.345) observed it in June on the northern slope of the Uinta mountains in extreme northeastern Utah. He records: "Several pairs were seen in a natural meadow on the mountain side. From their actions they probably had young althoup-h I 'could find none." Henshaw(l875, p.459) reports observing it at many places in our western mountain region and writes: "We have not found it breeding,yet I have little doubt that it actually does so in parts of Utah, Colorado, and to the southward." Ridgway(l877,p.610) observed an individual at Parley's Park (Wasatch Mountains) in Auf.ust. In September, Allen (1872,p.171) collected a number of specimens at Ogden; however, it was not common. -48-

BIRDS OF UTAH

67 { 258a) Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus ( Brewster) . Western Willet

1.% Synonyms--Symphemia semipalmata; Totanus semipalmata; Semi- palmatea Tattler. Status--This conspicuous and noisy snipe is a common summer resident in nearly all marshy sections of northern and central Utah. Ridgway reports it as being particularly numerous on the grassy flats along the southern shore of Great Salt Lake, near the mouth of the Jordan River. Baird (1850,p.230; 1858,p.729) found it in the Salt Lake Valley. Merriam (1873,p.700) and Nelson (1874, p.346) also report it as being very common in the Salt Lake Valley. Cook (1912, p.62) lists it as a spring migrant in the Salt Lake Valley. Cook (1912, p. 62 ) lists it as a spring migrant to this Valley. Dr. Tanner and the writer collectea the species near Goshen, Utah April; 1926. It was fiarly common on the shores of Utah Lake at that time. In June 1926, the members of the Brigham Young University Zoolopical Ex~edition found it common in all marshy borders of Great Salt Lake and Bear Lake. It was not numerous in the Bear River Valley. Many young were observed and two were taken. 79 (261) Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein). Upland Plover Synonyms--Actiturus bartramius; Bartram Tattler; Bartram

l!'ield Plover. -49-

Birds of Utah

Status--A summer resident in more or less restricted areas of Utah. Ridgway (1877,p.611) found it a common species in the grassy fi~lds of Kamas Prarie in July. .A number of ornithologists refer to its presence and breeding within the state without giving specific localities. 80 (263) Actitis macularius (Linnaeus.) Spotted Sandpiper Synonym--Trinfoides macularius. Status--~he Spotted Sandpiper is one of the most common and generally distributed of the small wader, excepting the Killdeer, in the Great Basin. During the summer or migratory period it is found along almost every lake and stream in the state. Hanshaw (1874,p.ll; 1875,p.460) records finding it at various places in Utah. Ridgway (1877,p.610) fives a similar account. He collected the egp-s in the Uinta Mountains in July and a skin at Parley's Park, Wasatch Mountains in September, 1869. Allen (1872, p.171) found a few individuals that had not yet left the Salt Lake Valley for southern winter resorts. Nelson (1874,p.345) reports finding it common at Salt Lake in July and August. In June he found adults ana youn~ on the north~rn slope of the Uinta Mountains~ In June the writer. collected one skin at Bear Lake, and another at Sheep Creek near Green River, eastern rim of the

Uinta Mountains. Uembers of our party observed this active feeder at various places in northern and eastern Utah. In September I found it along the Virgin River. On May 10, Dr.C. Hart Merriam

(Fisher, 1893, p.24) observed several individuals along the Beaver- -50-

BIRDS OF UTAH

darn Creek, just over the Utah line in Arizona. 81 ( 264) Nurnonius arnericanus americanus Bechstein. Long-billed Curlew Synonym--IJymonius longirostris. Status-- Less common than formerly, but still fairly abundant during the summer in th~ vicinity of the marshes of northern Utah. In 1850, Baird (1852,p.320) found it near the shores and larrer islands of Great Salt Lake. Ridgway (1877,p.611) found it distributed throug-hout this western region. It was particularly

numerous along the southern shore of the Great Salt Lake. Henshaw~ (1875, p.462) fo,md the Curlew to be most common in the sloug-hs near Fairfield, Utah. He also collected one skin at Fillmore in November. Nelson (1874, p. 345) regarded it as being most abundant in the fall and spring. Henshaw(l874, p. 12) further reports that it breeds abJ.ndantlyon the shore and islands of the Great Salt Lake, in May and June. Cook(l912,p.72) reports it as a spring miera.nt to UtahLake by March 30. The '.vri ter has found it on Utah Lake by March 20. Members of the Brigham Young Univer- sity Expedition of 1926 found many breeds of half grown young a~ the Bear River Marshes June 11, 1926. 82 (275) Oxyechus vociferus vociferus (Linnaeous.) Killdeer Synonyms--Charadrius vociferus; Ae~ialitis vociferus. Status--The most common and ~enerally distributed of ·the shore

birds in Utah. Throu~hout most of the state it is a resident bird. It is most numerous in the northern part of the state in the summer, -51-

BIRDS OF UT.AH

but great nunbers move south to Washington and Kane Counties in the winter. Many records are given for its abundance and distribution in Utah. It probably breeds in every county.

The writer has found it common on Utah Lake as late as Novem- _/ bcr 21. J 83 ( 278) Aegialitis nivosa Cassin. Snowy Plover Synonyms-- Aegialitis cantiana nivosa; Aegialitis dant- ianus; Kentish Plover. Status--Common summer visitant to the shores of the Great Salt Lake. Less common on Utah Lake, Nelson (1874, p. 346) reports finding it most numerous at the mouth of the Jordan River. As late as August 14, he found young only a few days old. Ridgway (1877, p. 604) writes; "This handsome and graceful little Plover was exceedingly numerous in May on the bare mud flats around Warm Springs, near Salt Lake City. It kept in flocks, running nimbly and very swiftly over the ground, all the while uttering a soft and rather musical whistling note." June 11, 1926, members of the Brigham Young University Expedition noted several broods of tiny young at the Bear River Marshes. One skin was taken. -52-

BIRDS OF UTAH

84(--) Perdix perdix {Linnaeus). Hungarian Partridge Status--About 200 Hungarian Partridges were introduced

into Utah, in 1912. This first planting failed entirely. A similar number were again introduced inl923. From this planting we have definite information that at least two colonies, • one in the vicinity of Payson and the other at Jordan Narrows, and possibly one more in Uinta C~unty, are doing well. Prospects are bright for their success throughout the state, They were introduced in Washington County (St. George) in the spring of 1922 •. 85 (294) Lophortyx oalifornica californica (Shaw). Californiij Quail Synonym--Lophortyx californicus. Status--Fairly common resident throughout the valleys of northern Utah. It was introduced near Ogden in 1870 (Allen, 1872, p. 171 and Henshaw, 1874, p. 10) .m From there it has spread to all adjacent valley regions. In the spring it is not uncommon to see small flocks light in the city streets of Provo or in the dooryards of the dwellings. 86 (295) Lophortyx gamboli gamboli Cambel. Cambel Quail Synonyms--Lophortyx gambol ii; Callipepla gambeli ;_ Lophortyx gambeli; Cambel 1 s Partridge; Desert Quail; Arizonia Quail. Status--An abundant native resident of southwestern Utah. It is -53-

BIRDS OF UTAH chiefly a Lower donoran epecies. No recorde are riven of ite oc- curence north of Iron County. Henshaw (1875, p. 440) collected twenty skins in October in Washington County, where he regarded it

ae being most abundant. Dr. Merriam and Mr. Bailey,(Fi:sher, 1893,

p. 30) found it a common species in Washington County. They collected :skins at Santa Clara Creek and at Beaverdam Mountains. The writer hae collected skins near St. George in September, December and January, and ha~ 3een it near St. George during every month of the year. One individual had more than 7000 weed eeed5 in its crop. 87 (297) Dendragapus obscurue obscurus (Say) Dusky Grouse Synonyms--Tetrae obscurus; Canace obscura; Dendragapue obscuru3; Jfool Hen. Status--Fairly common resident in the mountainous regions throughout the state. Huch less numerous than formerly (Henshaw, 187 5, p. 430) • 1gr. Henshaw collecte a skins in August at Hobble Creek and .uaniel 's Canyon. Ridgway ( 1877, p. 598) found it +;o be common in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains. He collected skins at .Pack's Canyon, Uinta :Mountains, and at Parley's .Park in June and July • .Allen (1872, Nelson (1874, and J..Ierriam (1873) collected skins in the Wasatch Mountains during the summer. Knight (1902, p. 54) reports collecting this specief!l in the Uinta Uountaina. The writer

has found it on the "Y" mountain near Provo in March when there vms from four to five feet of snow. ~anner (1927 MS} sta~es that he has found it in the Pine Valley :Mountains in ,jeptember ana October. -54-

BIRDS OF UTAH

88 ( 300b) Bonasa umbellu~ u.~belloides (Douglas). Gray Ruffed Grouse Synonyms--Bonasa umbellu~; Bonasa umbellus, var. umbeloides; Pine Hen. Status--Occurs ~parinply in the mou~tains of northern Utah as a resident. Collected by Ridgway (1877, p. 599) and Allen (1872, p. 171) in the ,,asatch mountains. The .vriter has founa it amone the Engleman spruce on Mount 'I'imparop-os in June. Ho records are given for southern Utah. 89 (308a) Pedioecetes nhasianellus columbianus (Ord.). Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse Synonyms--Pedioecetes phasianellus; Pedioecetes phasinellus, var. columbianuis; We!!tern Prairie Grouse; Prairie Hen. Statu'3--0ccurs ~omewhat, sparingly a8 a re5ident throuP'hout northern and CPntral Uts.h. iormerly it was rather common. Ridgway

( 1877, p. 599) observed it at various places in the •1asatch Mountains. Allen reP:arded it as a common species near Ogden in cie:ptember and October. Dr. Yarro·.v (Henshaw·, 1874, p. 10) found it about the middlG of September in the grassy foot-hills near Meadow Creek, Hillard County. Herriam (1873) and Nelson (1874) report finding this species in the Wasatch ra.np-e. -55- BIRDS OF UT..lH

90 ( Phasianus torquatus Gmelin. Ring-necked Pheasant.

Status--Ring-necked Pheasant has been introduced into all counties of the state during the past four years (since 1923) and is doing well in almost every locality. This is already common throughout Utah County. It was first introduced into Salt. Lake County by the Walker Family who released their specimens in Cottonwood Canyon about 1912. These birds did not spread out of Salt Lake County and in 1922 the State Depart- ment of Fish and Game under the able direction of Commissioner D. H. Madsen, introduced additional numbers and distributed them throughout the state. 91 (309) Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonaparte). Sage-hen Status--The most common member and the most widely distribute~. of the family Telraonidae in Utah. Reported from all sections of the state. While it is still fairly common in suitable localities it is much less numerous than formerly. Henshaw (1875t P• 457) reports: "The Sage-hen is very numerous throughout Utah." It is found on the plains and in valleys of mountains up to 8,000 feet. It is found most abundant in the sage brush belts. Reported from Washington County by Tanner (1927MS). The writer has found it rather numerous in the lower portions of the Uinta and Wasatch Mountains. , 92 (316a) Zenaidura macroura marginella (Woodhouse). Western M'.ourning Dove -56-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Synonyms--tenaeaura carolinensis; zenaiaura carolinensis; Zenaidura macroura; Carolina Dove; Com~on Dove. Status--Common summer resident throughout the state. Most abundant in southern Utah, where a few individuals remain through the winter. The writer has found a few near St. Georfe ( in Lower Sanoran ione) in December and January. It migrates to northern Utah in April and May, and breeds in ~levations up to 8000 feet. • Specimens were collected near Utah Lake April 24t 1926. Hany records are ~iven for its occurr~nce in the state.

93 (325) v" Cathartes ~ septentrionalis Neid. Turkey Vulture

Synonyms--Cathartes ~; iihinopryphus ~ Red-headed Vulture. Status--Fairly common throughout the state except in the high- est mountains. Most abundant in the sparsely settled sections.

Flocks of this species often con~regate near settlements to feed upon carrion. Breeds chiefly in the upper 3onoran tone. Henshaw

(1874,p.10; 1875, p.428) regarded it as a common resident throu~hout the state. Allen (1872,p.170) found it common near Ogden in Sep- tember ana October. Dr. Merriam ~na Mr. Bailey (Fisher, 1893, p.34) found it rattl'!' common in the Santa Clara Valley ( southwestern Utah) in May. The '.vriter has found it a common resident bird in Washington County, 7vhere it has often been taken in traps set

for coyotes. One skin was taken on Provo Bench in May 1926. 94 (331) Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus). Marsh Hawk -57--

BIRDS OF UTAH /

Synonyms--Circus cyaneus, var. huasonius. Status-- Common and general in aistribution in suitable localities throu~hout the state. In ?eneral a r~sident species, but most numerous as a winter visitant in southern Utah. One specimen was collected at Bloominrton, December 30, 1926. Henshaw (1875,p.4171 reports collections at Beaver, November 30, and at Provo, December 1. He also reports observing it at mnay points in the lowland districts of the state, however, it was most numerous near Utah Lake. Many records are {:riven for its occurrence and abundance in the Salt Lake Valley.

95 (332) / Accipiter velox (Wilson). Sharp-shinned Hawk Synonyms--.Accipiter fuscus; Nisus fusous; Dullet Hawk. Status--Fairly common resiaent throughout the state. Henshaw (1875, p.417 records finaing it at various localities. He collected skins at Beaver September 29 and at Provo November 30. A number of recoras are given for the Salt Lake Valley. Dr. Merriam (Fisher, 1893,p.35) oTo>served the species on the Beaverdam Mountains May 10. The writer collected one skin at St. George December 31, 1926.

96 (333) 1,,/ Accipiter cooneri (Bonanarte). Cooper Hawk Synonym--Accipiter cooperii. Status--Much less nurnerous than the preceding. A resident, < generally distributed, but chiefly seen in the mountains (Henshaw, -58-

BIRDS OF UTAH

1874, p.10). Ridgway (1877,p.581) reports that it is more or less common in all localities in the west. I have seen this at Aspen Grove, Wasatch Mountains, in May and June. Mr. Woodbury (Tanner, p.927, MS) collected one specimen at Santa Clara Lecember 24, 1925.

97 (334a) ✓ ~stur artricapillus striatulus Riagway. Western '.¾oshawk

Status--Rare. One mounted skin is at the State Capitol that was taken in Salt Lake Valley.

98 (337b) v" Butee berealis calurus Cassin. Western Red-tail Hawk Synonyms--Buteo borealis; Buteo borealis, var. calurus; Buteo montanus. Status--A common resij~nt throupbout the _state. This species is most variable in distribution ana is found from the lowest and most arid to the hiphest and more rainy belts. Numerous records·"' are given for its distribution in the state at different seasons of the year.

99 ( 342 v Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte. Swainson Hawk Synonyms--Buteo swainsonii; Swainson Buzzard. Status--Fairly co~~on in northern Utah where it is more or less a resident. Henshaw (1874,P.10) regards it as abundant in the mountains of the state. Ridgway (1877,p.342) found the sp~cies ,). abundant in the Salt Lake FYalley ana Wasatch ~Iountains. Two -59-

BIRDS OF U~AH specimems taken from Utah Valley are at the State Game Farm at Springville. 100 (347 a) Archibuteo lagonus sancti-johannis (Gmelin). Rough-leg~ed Hawk Synony~s--Archibuteo laRoDus; Black Hawk. Status--lairly common resi~ent in northern Utah. Henshaw (1873,p.426) reports seeing it several ~imes in the mountains. He Stated, however, that it was most abundant in Utah Valley. At Provo he found it.the most numerous of the hawks. Eleven specimens were taken at Provo from November 25 to December 3, 1872. Ridgway (1877,p.589) regarded it as a common resident species throughout the inter mountain region. 101 (348) Archibuteo ferru?ineus (Lichtenstein). Ferruginous Rough-leg Synonyms--Archibilteo ferrugineus; California squirrel Hawk. Status--~his handsome species is apparently a rather rare visitan~ in Utah. Henshaw (1874, p.132) reports a collection of birds and eggs taken from Salt Lake Valley. No other record of its occurrence in Utah is available.

102 (349) Aguila chrysaetes (Linnaeus). v Golden Eagle. Synonyms--Aquila chrysaotes, var. canadensis. Status--Generally distributed resident throurhout the state, but not common. Henshaw (1875,p.426) reports seeing it several times in the mountains of the sta:e. Ridgway (1877,p.591) found it at Ruby Valley and Parley's Park. Allen (1872,p.170) reports -60-

BIRDS OF U'I'AH

its occurrence in Salt Lake Valley. Mr. Isaac Jacobs collected a pair in the Tintic t!ountains ( Tooele County) in May 1926, that had- been poisoned with coyot~ bait. One specimen was caupht in a coyote trap near St. George in December of 1926. 103 (352) Haliacetus leucocephalus leucocephalus (L (Linnaeus(. Bald Eaj.e Synonyms--Haliaeetus leucocephalus; American Eagle; White-headed Eagle. Status--In abundance and distribution it is similar to the prec~ding form. Allen (1872,p.170) reports that "it is more or less frequent" in the Salt Lake Valley. Henshaw (1875,p.427) regarded it as being a rather common resident throue:hout the state. It has been collected in Boxelder County (Madsen 1927) and Washing- ton County. Mr. Harry Aldus (Letter March 30, 1927} reports its nesting in the Oquirrah Mountain Range. It is said to nest in the Wasatch Mountains. 104 (355) Falce rnexicanus Schlegel. ~, Prairie Falcon Synonyms--Falce polyagrus; Falco Ianarius, var. polyagrus; Falco saker. Status--Fairly common resident of the prairies and canyons of

':ht"' stat~ (Riap:way, 1~77,p.577, ana Henshaw, 1875,p.410). Regarded as common in the canyons of the Wasatch (Ridgway(. Rather common

• -61-

BIRDS OF UTAH in the southern portion of the state. Merriam (Fisher, 1893,p.39) founa several pairs about the cliffs near St. George in l!ay. 105 (356a) v Falco pererrinus anatum Bonaparte. Duck Hawk Synonyms--Falco communis, var. varanatu.m; ~alco peregrinus. Status--Fairly common resident near the marshes ana lakes of northern Utah (Henshaw, 1874,p.124). Common about the marshes of Salt Lake Valley (Allen. 1872,p.170). Less common near Utah Lake. 106 (357) Falco colu.mbarius columbarius Linnaeus. ✓ Pigeon Hawk Synonyms--Falco columbarius; Hyr!otriorchis colurnbarius. Status--Rather freQuent and renerally distributed resident throuphout Utah(Henshaw 1874,p.9). Allen (1872,p.170 and 1872,p. 399) rives record of its occurrence in the Salt Lake Valley. Associate chief, W.C. Henderson of the Biological Survey (LAtter, April 28, 1927) states that both Falco columbarius columbarius ana F. d. richarasoni are in Utah, but the breeding bird is probably ~h~ typical form, F. £· columbarius. He further states that the above reference may probably also refer to F. c. richarasoni. 1-u? (::357 b) .lalco columbarius richardsoni Ridgway. V Richardson Pigeon Hawk Status--Proba.bly a winter visitor to Utah. Coues (1874,p.

347) gives one record from Boxelder Creek. For further reference see the notes on F. c. columbarius. -62-

BIRDS OF UTAH

107 ( 357 b) Falco columbarius richardsoni Ridgway . .Richardson Pi~eon Hawk. Status--Probably a ~inter visitor to Utah. Coues (1874,p. 347) gives one record from Boxelder Creek. For further re=erence see the not~s of F. c. columbarius.

108 (360 a) ✓ ..i:!1alco_snar-verius srrn.rverius Linnaeus. Desert Sparrow Hawk Synonyms--Falco sparverius; Tinnunculus s-carverius; .American Kestril. Status--The most numerous ana generally distributed of its tribe in Utah, throughout the summer months. Its marked indifference to climatic conditions is shonn from the fact that it breeds from the Lower Sonoran to the Canadian tone. It is found in both the dryest and most moist sections of the state. It is very rare, however, in the state in the winter. Numerous records have been given for its 1istribution in the state. 109 (364) vPandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmelin). Osprey Synonyms--Paudion haliaetus; Paudion haliaetus, var. carolinensis; Fish Hawk. Status--A somewhat rare visitor to the larger ponds and lakes of northern Utah. Regarded by eo~e ornithologists as a resident (Henshaw, 1874,p.10). Allen (1872,p.170) reported it to be common in the summer in the Salt Lake and Utah Lake. One skin at the Brigham Younf)'. University collection was taken April 2'.3, 1927. -63-

BIRDS OF U':'AH

110 (365 ) Aluce pratincola (Bona�arte). Barn Owl Status--Probably a rather rare resident but of general distribution. A skin of this species was taken in March at St. George by Dr. V. M. ·Tanner (1927 MS). It has also be"°n taken in Box Elder County. State Game Commissioner, D. H. Madsen, (Letter, March 31, 1927) reports a mounted speciment at the Bear rliver Gun Club. 111 (366) Asio wilsonianus (Lesson). Long-eared Owl Synonyms--Otus valr:aris, var. wilsonianus; Otus wilsonianus. Status--Fairly common resident in suitable localities through out the state. lienshaw (1874, p.403 collected a specimen at Grass Valley, Washin�ton County, and at .l!,illmore. Allen (1972,p.170} collected it in the Salt Lak� Valley in September and October. Nelson (1874, p.344) reported a collection for the northern Uinta Mountains in June and July. The writer wounded an individual of

this species at the summit of Daniel's Canyon, Wasatch County, in July 1926. 112 (367) Asio flammous (Pontoppidan). Short-eared 0711'1 Status--Probably a rather rare resident throughout Utah. The writer collected this species on the unwooded lowlands new Utah Lake in October, and also at St. George, December 30, 1926. 113 (373e) Otus asio maxwelliae (Ridgway). Rocky Mountain Screech Owl. -64-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--Of gen'-'!ral diatribntion in Utah, but not common. Treganza (1912,p.263) collected it from Boulder, south-central Utah.Associate Chief W.C. Henderson of the U.S. Biological Sur- vey, (Letter,April 23, 1927) ~rites that Hr. C. Birdsaye heard one in the Pine Valley Mountain on October 14, 1909. The vvri ter c ollectec one juvinal near th, Weber River on June 8, 1926. He has seen what he regarded as this species at Provo in December 1926 and February 1927.

114 (375 a) Bubo vir~inianus pallascene Stone. Western Horned Owl Synonyms--Bobo virpinianus; Bobo vir~inianus, var. arcticus; Western Great Horned Owl. Status--Fairly common resident throu~hout the major portion of Utah. (Henshaw, 1874, p.10; 1875, p.407). Ridgway (1877,p.573). Reported by Allen (1872, p.170) for Salt Lake Valley during

September and October. Tanner (1927 MS) found it in different por.:. tions of Washingto:1 County throup-hout the year. One juv,inal was collected by Dr. Tanner at Flaming Gorge on the Green River, north- ~astern Utah, on June 28, 1926. He also made one collection at Sanpete Valley in November. 115 (376) Nyctea nyctea (Linnaeus). Snowy Owl Status--A rare winter visitor to northern Utah. One skin in ~he Brifham Youn~ Universi~y collection was taken in Dec~mber on Provo Bench. Another skin, taken in Salt Lake Valley is in the bird -65-

BIRDS OF UTAH

collection at the State Capitol building at Salt Lake City. 116 (378) Speotyto cunioularia hypogaea (Bonaparte)• Burroughing- Owl. Synonyms--Athene hypo?aea; Speotyto hypovnea; Athen cunicularia; Spectyte cu.nicularia, var. hypor:aea; Prairie Owl; Ground Owl. Status--Fairly common resident in treeless areas of the Sonoran 9,nd Tranf.ition zones of the state. Numerous collectors give account of its abundance in the Salt Lake Valley an1 adjacent plains.

It has alsc been taken in eastern Utsh November 9 (Baird, p.858,p.61) Dr. Tanaer and the writer have taken it at Goshen in May and in Washington County in April and December. 117 (379) Claucidium gnoma pinicola Nelson. Pygmy Owl Status--The only record available is that of a juvinal skin collect~d August, 1926, at Aspen Grove, Wasatch Mountains by Dr. Tanner. Apparently a rare summer visitor. 118 (385) Geocoecyx californianus (Lesson). Road Runner. Synonym--C!aparral Cock. Status--This interesting and curious species is found only in the southwestern section of the state. It is a common resident in the fields along the Santa Clara Creed and the Rio Virgin River in Washington County. The writer has taken it in St. Geroge in September and December. -66-

BIRDS OF UTAH

On September 5, 1926,the writer had an unusual apportunity to test the speed of this fast running bird. He was motoring up the Santa Clara Valley on about a 3fadirt road, bordered on either side by a row of dense shrubbery, when a Road Runner appeared a short distance ahead. After approaching within twelve or fifteen feet of the bird, a constant speed of exactly fifteen miles per hour was maintained for at least 300 yarJs; During this time the bird was running at its utmost speed and held a constant lead in front of the car. Finally, when an attempt was made to increase the speed, the birds ;;,:ave up the race and flew over the shrubbery into an alfalfa field. 119 ( 387a) Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgway California Cuckoo Synonym--Coccysus americanus. Status--An annual summer visitor to our state, but it is never common. It is found near Provo (Henshaw,1875,p.386) each spring and summer and doubtless visits the Salt Lake Valley. Dr. Wal tor P.Cottam r~ports one specimen collected at St. George.

120 (390) Geryle alcyon alcyon(Linnaeus). Belted Kingfisher. Status--Mush less common than formerly. A resident and generally distributed bird throughout the state up to elevations ·of

7000 feet, (Henshaw, 1874, p .101; 1€37l5,p. 366) • Fairly common in suitable localities in the Salt Lake Valley (Allen, 1872,p.160) -67-

BIRDS OF UTAH

and less common in the Wasatch Mountains. Ridgway, 1877, p.545).

One skin was taken at Goshen, Utah April 24, 1926. It is found in

Washington County throug-hout• the year (Tanner, 1927 MS). It is also a resident in Utah Valley.

121 (393 e) Dryobates villosus monticola Anthony. Rocky Mountain Hairy Woodpecker. Synonyms--Picus villosus. var. harrisii; Pious villosus, var. hairisi; Picus harrisi; Harris Woodpecker. Status--A fairly common resident contined generally to the mountainous sections of the state. In the winter it visits the valleys, but returns to the mountains at the approach of spring. It was seen in Provo, February 18, 1927. A number of skins have been taken from the Wasatch Mountains, (Ridgway 1877, p. 546). The writer has observed it in the Uinta Mountains in June. Henshaw (1875,p.386) reports a skin taken from Grass Valley, southwestern Utah. Overholser (1911,p.607) gives record of its occurrence in the Uinta and Jasatch Mountaire. 122 ( 393h) Dryobates villosus leucothorectis Oberholser White Breasted ~oodpecker. Status--Fairly common; more or less a resident in southern Utah. According to Mrs. Florence Merriam Bailey (Letter, April 24, 1927) Mr. C. Birdseye collected this species from the Pine Valley Mountains on Octo~~r 18, 1909. Ob~rhols~r (1911,p.609) reports a -68-

BIRDS OF U~AH collection from Riverview, San Juan County, and from beaver Moun- tains, Ridgway (1914, p.214) also gives reference to this. 123 (394b) Dryobates pubescene homorus Cabanie and Heine. Batchelder' s 1Joodpecker Synonyms--Picus ~airdneri; Picus pubescene, var. ~airdneri. Status--Fairly common resident throu~hout the state. The writer has collected specimens at Provo, Hobble Creek (Utah County), Weber River, and St. George. It is seen at Provo throughout the winter. The skin from St. George was sent to Dr. Jos. Grinnell at Berkeley who identified it as D.£.leucurus. Members of our party (Brigham Young University Expedition of 1926) found it common in Uinta and Wasatch Mountains. Many nests ana young were observed. Ridgway (1877,p. 375) found it nesting at Parley's Park. Allen (1872,p. 169 and 1872b,p.398) reports its occurrence throughout the Salt Lake Valley. Henshaw (1874,p.9) regarded it as very rare, only one specimen being observed by him at Provo in November. 124 (396) Dryobates scalaris cactophilus Oberholser. Cactus Woodpecker Synonyms--Dryobates scalaris bairdi; Texas woodpecker. Status--Fairly common resident of the Lower Sonoran Zone of Washington County. The writer collected one male and two females near St. George in September 1926. They were also ob~erved there in December; However, they seemed to be much less numerous than they were in September. They are sls o reported from Santa Clara and -69-

BIRDS OF U':'AH

Beaverdam Mountains by lJr. C. Hart :Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p.4 7) • Oberlolser (1912,p.153) �ives reference to this. 125 {402 a) Syphyrapicus varius nuchalis Baird. Red-naped Sapsucker Synonym--Sphyrapicus nuchalis. Status--Common in the mountainous sections of the state. Members of the Brigham Young University Expedition of 1926 found a number of. nests in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains in June and July. The following definite records are g-iven: northern Uinta Mountains June and July (Nelson,1874,p.354-5); Parley's Park, Wasatch Moun tains, July (Ridg;vay 1877,p.549); Summit, Lo�an Canyon, and Summit of Daniel's Canyon, June and July (Brig-ham Young University Ex pedition 1926); and '.:;oquerville and Virgin City, i/ashington County, October (Henshaw 1875, p.�93.) 126 (404) Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cassin). Williamson Sapsucker Sysnony1m1--Sphyrariicus williamsoni; Balck-breasted 1foodpecke r. Brown-headed Sapsucker. dtatus--:1.are summer visitor to the mountains of norther Utah. Two skins were taken at Parley's Park Au�ust 5, 1869 (Ridp-way,1877, p.549); also one skin was taken from the northern Uinta Mountains July of 1872 (Nelson,1874). -70-

BIRDS OF UTAH

127 (406) Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Linnaeus). Red-headed Wooapecker Status--Only a casual visitor to Utah. A single specim~n was taken by Ridgway (1877,p.555) at Salt Lake 9ity in June. This is the only record for the state. 128 (408) .A.s:rndesmus lewisi Riley. Lewis Woodpecker. Synonyms--Picus torquatus; :Melenarpes torquatus. Status--In northern Utah it is fairly common during fall and spring migration. A small number are permanent residents. It is reported from Salt Lake Valley by Baird (1852,p.319). Henshaw (1874,p.14) reports this species as being generally distributed throughout the state. It is most common at Provo during September 8.n1 April. Tanner (1927 MS) reports its occurrence at St. George in March, April, and May. 129 ( 413) Colaptes cafer colla.ris Vigors. Red-shafted Flicker Synonym--Colaptes mcxicanus. Status--Very common resideBt throughout the state except in the high mountains, breeding in upper Sonoran and Transition zones. Definite collections from: base of Uinta Mountain, July (Nelsop., 1874, p.344); Sheep Creek, June (B.Y.U.Expedition 1926); Parley's Park, June and July (Ridgway, 1877, p.171); Provo, September and November -71-

BIRDS OF UTAH

(Henshaw, 1875,p.400); St. George, Washington, and Pine Valley, Oct ober (Henshaw) an::1 (Tanner, 1027MS). 130 (418) Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nuttalli (Audubon). Poor-will Synonyms--Antrostomus nuttalli; Antrostomus nuttallii; PhalaenoPtilus. nuttalli. Status-_-.Fairly common summer visitant throup-hout the state. Recorded as follows: Uinta Mountains, July 7 (Ridgway, 1877,p.568); Salt Lake Valley, June and July (Merriam, 1873,p.692); Wasatch Mountains, September and October (Allen, 1872,p.169); Shoal Creek, southwesternUtah, May (Fisher, 1893,p.52); Pine Valley Mountains and St. George, May (Tanner, 1927 MS). 131 (420a) Chordeiles virginianus henryi Cassin. Western Nighthawk Synonyms--Chordeiles popetue, var. henryi, part; Chordeiles popetue, part. Status--Fairly common summer visitor or migrant throughout Utah, breeding in the mountains up to 7000 feet (Henslm.w. 1874,p.9). A number of skins were collected by Ridgway (1877,p.69) at Parley's Park and in the Uinta Mountains. In June the members of the Brigham Young University Expedition found this species common near the shores of Bear Lake. One skin was obtaineg. -72-

BIRDS OF UTAH

132 (420 a) Choraeiles vircdnianus hesperis Grinnell. Pacific Nighthawk Synonym--Chordeiles nopetue. Status--Fairly common in northern and central Utah as a summer visitant. Oberholser (1914,pp.46-53) reports it breeding in these sections of the state. Allen (1872,p.169) found it an abundant species in the Salt Lake Valley until the last of September.

133 ( 420) Chordeiles vir~inianus howelli Oberholser. Hewell Nighthawk Synonyms--Chordeiles popetue, part; Chordeiles popetue,var. henryi, part. Status--Fairly common inrorthern and central Utah as a summer visitor (Oberholser, 1914, p.53). Specimens were taken in Parley's

Park anB Uinta Mountains by Mr. Ridgway (1877,p.568). It is also reported from Salt Lake Valley by llr. 4llen ( 1872, p .179) • 134 (421) Chordeiles acutipennis texensis Lawrence. Texas Nighthawk SynonYms--Chordeiles texensis. Status--Fairly common summer visitor in the Lower Sonoran zone of 1Vashinrton County. Dr. JTerriam collected eggs of this species at St. George and ~anta Clara in May (Fisher, 1893,p.53). He also found it common at Beaverdam Wash.

135 ( 425) Aeronautes melanoleucus (Baird1. White-throated Swift. -73-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Synonyms-~Panyptila saxatilis; ~onotrichea albicollis; Status--Common summer visitant. Breeds commonly on rocky cliffs and precipiees throuphout the state. (Henshaw, 1875,p.370). Ridgway (1877,p.564} found it an abundant species at Rush Valley and Salt Lake Valley. Dr. l!erriam (Fisher, 1893,p.55) encountered several small flocks in the Lo~er Santa Clara Valley in May. One skin is in the Brigham Young University collection taken from the Wasatch Mountain near Provo. 136 (429} Archilochus alexandri (Bourcier and Hulsant). Black-chinned Hummingbird Synonyms--Trochilus alexandri; Alexander Hummingbird. Status--Possibly the most numerous hummingbird species in Utah. It is abundant in the valleys throughout the state and breeds up to 8000 feet (Henshaw, 1874,p.8). ~efinite records of collections are as follows; Ogden, June 6 'Merriam, 1873,p.693); Parley's Park, Wasatch Mountains, June and July, (Ridgway, 1877,p.559); Summit of Daniel's Canyon, July(B. Y. U. Expedition, 1926}; Provo, July (Henshaw, 1875,p.373}; Santa Clara Valley and Beaverdam Mountains, May (.h,isher, 1893,p.56); St. George, April (Tanner 1927 MS). Mem- bers of our party found it an abundant species in the Uinta Moun- tains in July. 137 (430) Calypte costae (Bourcier). Costa Hummingbird Status--The only record of its occurrence in Utah is that of Dr. -74-

BIRDS OF UTAH

C. Hart Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p. 57). He· reports" finding it common among the junipers on the eastern side of _Beaverdam Mountains

Uay 11. Probably a fairly common summer visitor to the Lower Sanor- an ~one o:f 11ashingt on County. 138 ( 432) Selasphorus platvcercus (Swains on). Broad-tailed Hummingbird Status--A common summer visitor throughout the state (Henshaw, 1875, p. 377). Allen (1872, p.169) found it common-at Ogden in September. Ridgway (1877,p.598) collected a number of skins from Parley's Park, Salt Lake City, and Uinta Mountains through one summer. Nelson (1874,p. ), reports collecting it from northe~n Uinta ]fountains. 139 (433) SeJ.asr>ho rus rufus ( Gmelin) • Rufus Hummingbird Status--Fairly common summer visitant and migrant to Utah. Prof.

J. R. Paul (1911, p.80) reports it as being common throurhout the state. According to Associate Chief W. 0. Henderson of the u. s. Biological Survey (Letter, April 23, 1927), Dr. E.W. Nelson saw a few individuals in a garden at Kanab between August 31, and September 21, 1909. Henshaw (1914, p. 512) makes reference to its occurrence in Utah. It is said to occur in the Wasatch Mountains. 140 ( 436) Stellula. call:Lbpe (Gould) •. Calliope Hummingbird Status--Not of common occurrence, but an annual summer visitor to northern Utah. One skin collected at Salt Lake City is in the -75-

BIRDS OF U~AH collection at the dtate Capitol. The writer found one nest of this fPecies over-hanging a small stream on Tirnpanogos Mountain, Wasatch Range, in July. Ridgway (1877, p.375) observed it at Parley's Park. 141 (441) Tyrannus tyrannus (Linnaeus). Kingbird. Synonym--Tyrannus carolinensis. Status--"Throughout Utah i£;enerally it can scarcely be considered common.n Henshavv, 1875, p. 341.) Certainly less common than T.verticalis. Confined chiefly to the valleys and found there only as a summer visitor. A record of collections is as follows: Parley's Park,Augu.st (Ridgway 1877, p.533); Salt Lake City, July and August (Nelson 1874); Ogden, September (Allen, 1872,p.169); Weber River, and Far West, northern Salt Lake Valley, skins and nest June, (Brigham Young University Expedition, 1926). 142 (447) Tyrarmus verticalis Say. Arkansas Kingbird. Synonym--·.vestern Kingbird. Status--A common summer visitant to the valleys throughout the state, but most numerous in the southern portions. Reported at various places by Henshaw (1875,p.542). Additional records are: Bear Lake, June ( B. Y. U. Expedition, 1926); Ogden, September (Allen, 1872, p. 169); Salt Lake Valley, June (Merriam , 1873, p. 690); Salt Lake City and Bear River, June and July (skins and eggs) -76-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Ridgway, 1877, p. 532); Santa Clara, May (Fisher, 1893, p. 80); St. George and ,iashington County, throug-hout the summer ( Tanner, 1927 MS). 143 ( 448) Tyrannus vociferans Swainson. Cassin Kingbird Status--Probably of rather general distribution in the valleys of the state as a summer breeder, but less common than either of the preceding forms. According to Associate Chief Henderson of the

Biological Survey (Letter, April 23, 1927), Rev. J.Clemons observed this species at �alt Lake City on May 11, 1909. Mr. Henderson also writes that Lieutenant L. H. Wolfe reported its breeding in Salt Lake County May 12 to 20, 1925. 144 (454) Myiarchus cinerascene cinerascens (Lairence). Ash-throated Flycatcher. Synonyms--Myiarchus cinerasenes; Myiarchus crinitus, var. cinerascens. Status--Most common in the warmer desert regions of the state. It is a summer visitor to northern Utah; However, it is never very common. Ridgway (1877, p.53�) reports it from Parley's Park. Fisher (1893, p. 60) writes: "The ash-throated flycatcher is a com mon resident of the desert regions of southern Califonda, Nevada, and Uta h." Dr. Merriam found it bre·eding commonly in the Santa Clara Valley in May. 145 ( 457) Sayornis sayus (Bonaparte). Say Phoebe Synonym--Say flycatcher. Status--Fairly common summer visitor to the valleys of northern -77-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Utah ana a resident in the Sonoran zone of Washington County. Dr.

Merriam (1875, p. 680) reports one skin from Bear River in June. Ridgway found it in all suitable localities in northern Utah. Fisher (1893, p. 62) reports it being common in Uay at St. George, Santa Clara, and Beaverdam Creek. The writer has collected it in June at Flaming Gorge, northeastern Utah, and at St. George on December 31. It was also observed nesting in Provo in April and May. This choice insect feeder nests on sheltered cliffs, eaves of houses, bars, cellars, etc. The writor has watched one pair rear two broods each year for three successive years on the same sheltered pillar of a school house porch. Always four babies were reared from the first brood and three from the second. 146 (458) Sayornis nigricans (Swainson). Black Phoebe Status--Reported only from southern Utah as an uncommon summer visitor. Dr. E. iv. Nelson (He,nderson, Let.ter, April 23, 1927) ofuserved this species near Kanab between August 31 and jeptember 22, 1909. The writer has observed it at St. George as a rather rare summer visitor. 147 ( 459) Nuttallornis borealis (Swainson). Olive-sided Flycatcher. -78-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Synonym--Contopus borealis. Status--Anannual summer visitor to Utah, but not very common. Records are as follows: northern Uinta Mountains, July (Nelson, 1874); Salt Lake Valley, June (Merriam, 1873, p. 691); Ogden and

Wasatch Mountains, September (Allen, 1872, p. 169); Parley's Park, June (Ridgway,1877, p. 535); St. George, May (Tanner, 1927 MS). Henshaw (1875, p. 350) records finding this a common species "in parts" of Utah and Colorado. One skin taken from the Wasatch Mountains near Provo is in the Brigham Young University Collection. 148 (462) Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni (Swainson). Western Wood Pewee Synonyms--Contopus richardsoni; Contopus virens, var. richardsoni; Contopus virens, var. richardsonii; Short-legged Pewee; Richardson Pewee. Status--Common summer visitant to the Upper Sonoran, Transition, and Canadian zones throughout Utah. Henshaw (1875, p.354) writes: "The most abundant representative of the family, inhabits the dark recesses of the pine woods as well as the edges and clearings of ravines." A number of records ar(i f'iven for the Salt Lake Valley, Utah Va1ley, ana Wasatch Monntains. 149 (464) Emnidonax difficilis difficilis Baird. Western llycatcher. Synonyms--Empidonax flavivcntris, var. difficilis; Emp:aonax difficilis; Western Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. -79-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--Not of common occurrence, but well distirbutea in favorable localities throughout the state. Henshaw (1875, p.359) wti tes: "During the breeding season, they are most often found in the narrow canyon and the deep shady glens of the pine woods, almost invariable near a stream of water, or among the trees that border the open meadovzy tracts." Specimens were collected by Ridgway in august (1877, p. 544) at Parley's Park. Allen (1872, p. 169) reports it "not common" in favorable localities."

150 ( 466) Emnidonax traili traili (Audubon). ~raill Flycatcher. Synonyms --Empidonax nusillus; Emnidonax trailii, var. pusillus; Empidonax traili, var. pusillus; Little Flaycatcher. Status--Common summer visitant throughout the state. It is particularly abirnaant near streams and thickets of northern and central Utah, and breeds on the mountains up to 7500 feet elevation. The writer has found it in the iasatch and Uinta Mountains at 8000 feet elevation a.nu has found its nests at 7500 feet. Collections have been made at Parley's Park and Antelope Island in June and July (Ridgway, 1877, p. 540); Ogden, June (Merriam, 1873, p. 691); Salt Lake City, July and Aurust (Nelson 1874); Logan, Canyon, June ( B. Y. U. Expedition, 1926). The writer has taken it at St. George in September. 151 (468) Empidonax hammondi (Xantus). Hammond Flycatcher -80-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Synonyrn--Ernpidonax hammondii. Status--Probably of general 1istribution throughout the state, but much less common than M. wrighti. Henshaw (1874,p.8; 1875, p. 362-3)regards it as breeding in the state, but only reports seeing it in the fall. He found it at a number of places in Utah but reports its "leaving the low country entirely in the summer, ana finding in the glens and recesses of the pine woods of the mountains or the alpine streams, with their fringes of alders, its chosen retreats." Collections were made at Beaver and cedar in September and October.

152 ( 469) Empia onax wri p-hti Baird. Wright's Flycatcher Synonyms--Empidonax obscurus. Status--Fairly common summer visitor in the mountains of the state. Ridgway (1877,p.541) found it common in both the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains. Allen(l877, p. 169) fauna it a common species near Ogden in September. The writer has taken it at St. George in deptember. 153 (471) Pyrocephalus rubinus me~icanus 3clator. Vermillion Flycatcher Status--Fairly common resident in the Lower Sonoran zone of Washington County. Dr. C. Hart Merriam c ollectea one skin at Dodres Snrings near St. George in Hay 18, 1891. Probably the majority of these birds migrat~ south at the approach of winter; however, a few pairs remain and are seen at St. George -81-

BIRDS OF U'.r'AH

every month of the year. One male was taken at St. George, m December 26t 1926 by Dr. Vasco M. J:anner.

154 (474a) Otocoris alpestris arcticola Oberholser. Pallid Horned Lark Synonyms--Otocoris occidentalis; Eremonhila cornuta; Sky Lark; Shore Lake. Status--A ;,vinter visitor to the valleys and plains of northern Utah. Collected at Salt Lake City, llarch 18 (Baird, 1852,p. 318). Oberholser (1902, p.817) records this as occurring in the Salt Lake Valley. 155 (474c) Otocoris alpestris leucolaema (Coues). Desert Horned Lark Synonyms--Alauda rufa; Eremonhila alt)estris, var. chrysolaema; Eremophila alpestris; Eremophila cornuta; Shore Lark; Sky Lark. Status--A fairly common resi'.t'ient; more abundant as a winter visitant throughout the valleys and plains of the state. Many records are given of its aistribution and abundance throughout Utah. It has been collected at St. George, December ana January; Mountain Meadows, Washington County, May; Pine Valley Mountains (throughout the year); Beaver, November; Fairfield, Septe~oer; Gunnison, September; Juab December; Utah Valley, December; Salt Lake Valley, June and October. 156 ( 474k) Otocoris alpestris hoyti Bishop. Hoyt's Horned Lark -82-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--A migrant and winter visitor through the valleys and plains of Utah. Oberhols~r (1902, P. 815) reports a collection from Camp Floyd. It is also ascribed to the state by Ridgway

(1907, p. 506), Bailey (1924, p. 269) ·chapman (1912, p. 200). 157 (475) Pica nica hudsonia (Sabine)., -- ~ ...... ;.;~..;._~ Magpie Synonyms--Pica pica, var. Hudsonia; Pica nica hudsonica; Pica melaneleuca hudsonica; Pica caudata hudsonica; Pica hudsonica. Status--Common resident in the Upper Sonoran and Transition ¼ones throughout the state. Recorded south in winter as far as Toquerville, (Fishe~. 1893, p.68) St. George, and Santa Clara (~anner, 1927 MS). It is also recorded for Fountain 1..re" en, August; North Creek, September; JHllmore, :Novemberl. ( Henshaw 1875,p.334); Ogden, September and October (Allen, 1872, p.169); Weber River, Ogden, September and October (Allen, 1872, p. 169); Weber River, Bear Lake, Sheep Creek and Uinta Hountains, June and July ( B. Y. U. Expedition, 1926).

The 0.vri ter founa a number of nests and young of these interest in~ birds near Ogden in June of 1926. As I approached one brood that was just learning to fly, the parent birds observed me and immediately gave a peculair vmrnin[\ call ana flew about a hundred yards away. The young hastily attempted to hide. One flew into a dense clover patch and another into a clump of Surnach. The other members of the family hid themselves so'securely that I could not find them. During the fifteen minutes I hid myself -83-

BIRDS OF UTAH

to see what the birds 1.ivould do, the parent birds continually circled overhead or ~lew from tree to tree giving calls of warning to the young to remain in their hiding places. 158 (478b) Cyanocitta stelleri diademata (Bonaparte). Long-crested Jay Synonyms--Cyanuras stelleri var. macrolonus. part; Cyanura stelleri, var. macroloriha, Mountain Jay, part. Status--A common res.i dent of the mountains throughout the state. "This bird ha·s been met with by our parties in all portions of Utah and Colorado." (Henshaw, 1875, p.335). R~cords arA from the following places: Ointa Mountains, July; Wasatch Mountains September ana October:· Provo Canyon, July, September, and November; Hobble Creek, October; Bryce Canyon, August. 159 (478a) Cyanocitta stelleri annectens (Baird). Black-headed Jay Synonyms--Cyanurus stelleri, var. macrolonha, part; Mountain Jay, -part. Status--Probably a rare ~inter visitor to the.mountains of northern Utah. Henshaw (1875, p. 335-6) reports collecting the species in Provo Canyon November 30. Late in October, the writer has collected what he regards as this species at South Fork, Provo River. 160 (480) Aphelocoma woodhousei (Baird). Woodhouse Jay Synonyms--Cyanocitta woodhousii; APhelocoma floridana, var. -84-

BIRDS OF U~AR woodhousei; Cyanocitta floridana, var. woodhousei. Status--Fairly common resident in the plains and valleys throughout the state. It is not found very high on the mountains sides. Records are as follows: Beaverdam Mountains, May; St. George, November and December; Irdn City, October; Pine Creek, October; Beaver, September; Gunnison, September; Fillmore November; Hobble Creek, September;. Provo, November and March; Salt Lake City, June; Ogden and Salt Lake Valley, September and October; Flaming Gorge, June. 161--( 484a) Perisoreus canadensis capitalis Ridgway. Rocky MountainJay Synonyms--Porisoreus canadonsis; Perisoreus canadonsis, var. capitalis; Canada Jay. Status--Resident and winter visitor to the mountains of northern Utah, and Central Utah. Not common. It was taken at Sangre del Cristo Pass by Captain Beckwith (Baird, 1858, p.591). - Reported from Wasatch Mountains near Ogden by Allen (1872, p.

169). Nelson (1874) found it very abundant in northern Uinta Mountains in June and July. He writes: "They were so familiar that they would come to the '.vindow wh:ile the men were eating. When skinning birds they would watch us with great interest." 162 (4.§.6) Corvus corax sinuatus Wagler. Western Raven Synonyms--Corvus carnivorus; Corvus corax. var. carnivorus; Mexican .ri.aven. -85-

BIRDS OF UTA,H

Status--Fairly common resident throughout the state, b~t much less numerous than formerly. Henshaw (1875, P• 324) found it abundant throughout the middle and southern portions of Utah. Collections are reported from Santa Clara, Emery County, Fillmore, Provo, and Salt Lake Valley. 163 (488b) Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis Ridgway. Western Crow Synonym--Corvus americanus. Status--Fairly common resident near settlements throughout the state. Reported from Salt Lake Valley by Allen (1872,p.169). A number have been taken from Utah Valley. One specimen in 'the Brigham Young University collection was taken at Cove Fort in September. The writer has observed a number at Lyndll in Septembert and at St. George in December. It is also reported from St. George in May ( TanBer, 1927 MS). 164 (491) Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson). Clarke Nutcraker. Syno~ym--Picicorvus columbianus; Clark Crow Status--Probably found as a resident in all the mountains of the state; however, it. is not very common. Henshaw (1875, p. 328) reports a collection at Otter Creek, South-central Utah, September 8. Ridgway (1877t p. 515) regard it as common in the Watsatch and Uinta Mountains. A collection was made at Parley 1 s Park. The writer has record of its occurrence in Pine Valley Mounta.ine. He has also observed it throughout the higher portions of the Wateatch and Uinta Mountains. -86-

BIRDS OF UTAH

165 .(492) Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus (Weid). Pinon Jay Synonyms--Cymnokitta cyanocephala; Maximillian Jay. Status--Fairly common resident in suitable localities throughout the state. Found chiefly in the Juniper Belt. Henshaw (1875, p. 331} writes: "Common in mountains and foot hills of Nevada and Utah in the vicinity of cedars. At the season taken (September and December), strictly gregarious." An number of skins were taken at Beaver. Dr. Merriam found it common at Beaverdam mountains. Dr. Tanner (1927 MS) has • collected it at Santa Clara Creek and Pine Valley Mountain. The writer collected one skin at Provo in December. 166 (494) Dolichonyx orysivorus (Linnaeus). Bobolink Status--A common summer visitant in the meadowy lands near Utah Lake and Great Salt Lake; Many records are given for its occurrence and breeding there. There is no authentic account of its being in any other·section of the state, although it probably could be found elsewhere. 167 (495 part) Molothrus ater artemisiae Grinnell. Cowbird Synonyms--Molothrus ater; Molothrus pecoris; Cow Blackbird; Cow Bunting. Status--Fairly common summer visitant near the inhabited districts throughout the state. Henshaw (1875 t p. 312) reports finding it at various places in the state. He collected -87-

BIRDS OF U~AH • specimens at Provo Canyon in July and Aup:ust. Ridgway (1877, p. 501) regarded it as being extremely rare, in the state; however, specimens were taken at Parley's Park ana at Bear River Valley in June. Dr. Merriam found the species in the Santa Clara falley in May. The writer has fonnd it at St. George and Provo during the early part of the summer. 168 (497) • Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte). Yellow-headed Blackbird Synonym--~(anthocephalus icteroicephalus. Status--Cornmon. Breeds near the marshes throufhout Utah.

Winters in small numbers i:1 +,he southern portion of the state (Henshaw, 1874, p. 7). Numerous records are given for its occurrence. Definite records are as follows: Santa Clara Valley, Lfay1 Cove Creek, Uovember; Utah Valley, sumr:ier; Salt Lake Valley, summer; Bear ~iver Valley, June. 169 (498a) ~paaius nhoeniceus sonoriensis Ridgway. Sonoran Red-wing Blackbird. Status--The only record of this subspecies being in Utah is that of Dr. V. R.Tanner, in a note sent The Condor (1924, p. 192-3) of a very unusual specimen. He '>vrites: "An extraordinary bird specimen ,;,as collected near Santa Clara, Utah, in March, 1923. Examination shaved that it was a Sonora ii~d-winged Black- bird with an unusual bill. The usual length of the bill in this subspecies is piven as 89-1.00 inches. In this specimen the upper mandible is 2.1 inches lon~, while the lower mandible -88-

BIRDS OF UTAH remains of normal length. It w·is an adult male and very fat~ showing that the bird was surviving in spite of this handicap. An examination of the digestive tract revealed that the recent diet was entirely of weed seeds.tt the skin~ of this non-conform- ist is in the collection of the Brigham Younr University.

170 (498d) A~elaius pho~niceus fortis Ridgway. Thick-billed Red-wing Blackbird. Status--Six skins were recently sent to Mr.D. R. Dickey, of Pasadena, California, for determination. The specimens were collected from St. George in December and from Provo in November.

He reports tr.at all are A • .E.· fort is. Apparently this variety of red-wing is of common and of general occurrence throughout the marshy regions of the state. 171 ( 498e) Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis Ridgway. San Diego Red-wing Blackbird. Synonyms--li.13:elaiuR nhoeniceus, part; Afeluius phoeniceus . nheeniceus; Red-shouldered Blackbird. Status--An abundant resident in the marshy regions throu?hout the state (H~nshaw, 1875, p. 313). Allen (1875, p. 168) and Ridg·,vay (1877, p. 505) report it as bein~ abundant in the Salt Lake Valley.

Iir .. Merriam (Fisher, 1895, p.74) found it in the Santa Clara Valley in May.

1 7 2 ( 4 9 8 e l pa rt ) A?elaius phoeniceus nevadensis Grinnell. Great Basin Red-winred Blackbird. Status--According to Ur. A. J. Van Rossen of Pasadena, -89-

BIRDS OF UTAH

California, in a letter under date of October 31, 1924, to Pro- fesser Vasco M. Tanner, of the Dixie College at St. George, one skin of this subspecies rms in his collection that had been ta.ken at Washington, southwestern Utah. 173 (501.1) Sturnella ne~lecta Auaubon. Western Headowlark Synonyms--Sturnella mavna, var. neglecta; Sturnella luaoviciana, var. neP'lecta, Western Lar:'r:::. Status--An abundant resident throu~hout the state, with the exception of the most ar.ia ana barren deserts, roughest mountains ana densest forests. It is most common in southern Utah during th~ winter months and the l~ast common in the northern sections during the winter. Tlany references are given. 174 (504) Icterus parisorum Bonaparte. Scott Oriole • Status--Jfoilllu only as a summer visitant in the Lower Soncran .;::;one of washington County, however, it is not very common. Dr.

Herriam found it at Beaverdam }\fountains in Hay.

175 ( 508) Icterus bullocki ·( Swainson). Bullock Oriole Synonym--Icterus bullockii. Status--V0r-'J common breeder in the valleys of southern Utah; less common in the northern portions of the state. Definite records; throughout Salt Lake Valley, nests ana skins, summer; -90-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Parley's Park, nest and skins, summer; Wasatch Mountains, June; Jensen, northeastern Utah, July; St. George, nest and skin, summer; Santa Clara, summer. Practically all collectors in the state li~ve reported it. 17 6 ( 510) Euphagus oyanocephalus (Wagler). Brewer Blackbird Synonym--Scolecophagus cyanocephalus. Status--"Throughout Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, this blackbird is perhaps the most abundant of its tribe; in certain localities far out numbering the combined number of other species, while, in its distribution, it is much more general than any other, " ( Henshaw, 1875, p. 325). It is a resident and breeds in suitable localities throughout the state. It has been collected in most sections of the state. 177 (514a) Hesperiphona vespertina montana Ridgway. Western Evening Grosbeak Status--Probably found irregularly throughout northern Utah.

It is common in Provo from November to May. A number of skins have been taken from Utah County. ~he writer has found it at Aspen Grove, Wasatch Mountains, in July. Undoubtedly it breeds in thestate, 178 ( 515a) Pinicola enucleator montana(Ridgway}. Pine Grosbeak Synonym--Pinincola enucleator. Status--Rare resident in the high mountains of the northern Utah, but more numerous in the valleys as a winter visitor. -91-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Mr. Harry Aldous (Letter, March, 1927) has collected its nest in the Wasatch Mountains. He states that nearly all glades in the mountains that containwater were visited by these birds. Stevenson (1871,p.464) reports its occurrence in the Uinta Mountains just over the state line in V/yoming. 179 ( 518) Carnoaacus cassini Baird. Cassin Purple Pinch Synonym--Carpodacus cassinii. Status--Common resident of middle and northern Utah, breeding in the mountains. It is abundant around• Salt Lake City ana Provo during the winter months, livinr upon the seeds of the ash, maple, and locust. Nests and eggs were found at Parley's Park, Wasatch Mountains, and the Uinta Mountains by Ridgway (1877,p.457). Additional records: City Creek Canyon, Salt Lake Valley, Utah Valley, ar..d :northern Uinta Mountains. 180 ( 519) Ca.r1)odacus mexicarus frontalis (Say). House Finch Synonyms--Carpodacus frontalis; California Linnet; Linnet; Peach Bird. Status--Common breeder throurhout the state ~herever settle-

I ments are found. A resident in southern Utah a~d more or less a resident farther north. ,Many records are ~iven for its distribution and abunciance throughout Utah. 181 (521, -part) Loxia curvirestra bendirei Ridgway.

Red Crossbill

Synonyms--Loxia curvirostra, var. americana; Bendire Crossbill. -92-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Sta tus--Breea s in the high Uinta ana Viasa to h Mountains and founa sparingly in the valleys auring the colder winter months. Dr. Nelson (1874,p.344) regarded the species as being a common breeder in the northe".Jn Uinta Mountains. He states that in July he was often attracted to them by the cries of the nearly full-grown young. Paul (1911, p. 160) writes: "Some (Red Crossbills) are encountered about Salt Lake Valley, on the Wasatch slopes in the winter." 182 (p22) Loxia leucoptera Gmelin. White-winged Crossbill Status--One mounted specimen taken from the Wasatch Mountains is in the collection at the State Capitol. Mr. Aldus (Letter, March, 1927) writes of the occurrence of this species in the Wasatch. In 1906, on~ skin •.vas taken on Provo Bene h and placed in the Brigham Young University collection. The species is probably of rare occurrence. 183 (524) Leucosticte tephrocotis tephrocotis SWainson. Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. Synonyms--Leucosticte tenhrocotis, part; Leucosticte tephreetes Gray-cro,vned Finch, part. Status--A rare wiLter visitor to northern Utah. Collected by Stansbury (Baird, p. 850, p. 317) at Salt Lake City, March 21, 1850. 184 (524a) Leucosticte tephrocotis Littoralis Baird. Hophburn's' Rosy Finch Synonyms--Leucosticte tephrocotis, part; Gray-crovmed Finch,

part. -93-

BIRDS OF U~AH

Status--Rare iinter visitor to northern Utah. A specimen was obtained by Stansbury (Baird, 1852, p.317) near Salt Lake City, March, 1850. No additional Utah records are available. 185 (525) Leucosticte atrata Ridgway. Black Leucosticte Synonym--Leucosticte tephrocotis, part. Stat us--~his species is not common in the state. It is reported as breeding above timberline in the high mountains of northern Utah (Ridgway, 1901, part 1, p. 76), Stevenson (1872, p. 464) reportea its breeding in the high Uinta Mountains. ur. Bailey (Fisher, 1893, p. 83) secured one specimen of this species at St. George, January 21, 1898. It was feeding above on a rocky hill, among lo~ brush. It is a rare winter visitor.

The writer has observed what he regarded as this species at Provo in J anue. ry. 186 ( 529a) Astragalinus tristis pallidus (Mearns). Pale Goldfinch Synonyms--Chrysomitris tristis; Yellow Bird; Wester11 Gold- finch; Common Goldfinch; Lettuce Bird. Status--Fairly common resident in ~he valleyE throufhaut the state. The writer has collected it at St. George in December and at Bear Lake in June. It is reported as being common throughout Salt Lake Valley by Allen (1872, p. 167) and Merriam (1872, p.679). Henshaw (1875, p. 244) collected specimens at Provo in -94-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Jun~ and December and at Washington. southern Utah in October. Ridgway (1877. p. 244) secured a collections of nests and eggs at Pack's Canyon. Uinta Mountains in July. 187 (530) Astragalinus psaltria psaltria (Say). Arkansas Goldfinch Synonyms--Chrysomitris psaltria; Spinus psaltria; Green- backed Goldfinch. part. Status--"The Arkansas Goldfinch in its typical dress appears to be the form prevailing over the entire l"\ortion of Colorado and Utah.n (Henshaw, 1875. p.245). Allen found the species common at Ogden in September and October. Ridgway (1877, p. 462) regarded it as not common; however. he found it at Salt Lake Valley and the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains where it was breeding. A number of skins and eggs were collected. It is more or less a resident species but more common in southern Utah as a migrant and winter visitor. It is recorded by Fisher (1893, p. 84) as occurring at Beaverdam Mountains, Utah. in May. 188 ( 530a) Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus Oberholser. Green-backed Goldfinch Synonyms--Spinus psaltria arizonae; Arizona Goldfinch. Status--Common resident in southwestern Utah. Dr. Merriam found it in great abundance in the Lo'.ver Santa Clara Valley in May. Five nests were collected. The writer has taken it in St. George in December, and has seen it nest there in June. -95-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Tanner (1927 MS) reports it as a migrant and winter visitor at St. George. 189 (533) Spinus pinus pinus (Wilson). Pine Siskin Synonyms--Chrysomitris pinus; Pine Goldfinch; Pine Finch. Status--Breeas abundantly in northern Utah, and is a common winter visitor in southern Utah. Ridgway (1877, p.463) regarded it as being abundant throup-hout the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains. Collections were made. The writer collected a number of skins at St. George in December. These birds are nearly always as- socliated in flocks with the goldfinches. In September it was noticed at Provo in flocks, probably commencing the fall migration. On i1arch 13, t 0,vo flocks of about fifty were noted at the base of "Y" Mountain, near Provo. One specimenwas taken. In

May 1926, t1vo nests were made in spruce trees on the campus of the Brigham Young University. 190 ( Passer domesticus (Linnaeus). English Sparrow

Status--This introduced foreigner is a far too common resident in almost every community and fann in Utah. Allen (1872, p. 167) records that it had recently be~n intro~ucea and was apparently flourishinq. We have no record of its first invasion into settlements south of Salt Lake Valley. -96-

BIRDS OF UTAH

191 (540a) Pooecetes gramineus confinis Baird. Western Vesper Sparrow. Synonyms--Pooecetes gramineus; Pooecetes gramineus, var.

1 conf inis; Grass ..:!insh; Bay-winP-:ed sparrow; Grass Bunting; Bay-winged Bunting. Status--Common summer breeder and migrant throughout Utah. Breeds chiefly in the Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones. Hen- shaw (1875, pp. 256-7 regards this species as perhaps the most common and p;enerally distributed of the s-parrow tribe in the west. Most collectors who have been in Utah have found it here. Collections have been made at the following places: Flaming Gorge, June; Salt Lake Valley, summer; Parley's Park, June; Strawberry Va1ley, Wasatch Mountains, August; Utah Valltey, summer; Panguitch, August; Salina, September; Beaver, September; Grass Valley, September; Mountain Meadows, May; . Toquerville, October; St. George, September. 192 (542b) Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus Bonaparte. Western Savannah Sparrow Synonyms--Passerculus savanna; Passerculus savanna, var. ala.udinus. Status--A common breeder in the meadows throughout Utah. It is a winter visitor to the Lower Sonoran ione of Washineton County; fewer numbers winter farther north. Ridgway (1877, p.465) writes: "This well known and widely distributed Sparrow was an abundant -96-

BIRDS OJ' U'l'!H

191 (540a) Pooeoetes grami•eus oonfi•is Baird. Weetena. Vesper Sparrow. Synonyms--Pooeoetes gramineus; Pooeoetee gramineus. var. oonfinis; Grass 4insh; Bay-win~ed sparrow; Grass Bunting; Bay-winged Bunting. Statue--Common summer breeder and migrant throughout Utah. Breeas chiefly in the Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones. Hen- ehaw (1875, pp. 256-7 regards this species as perhaps the most common and ~enerally distributed of the sparrow tribe in the west. Most colleotors who have been in Utah have found it here. Collections have been made at the following places: Flamin~ Gorge, June: Salt Lake Valley. summer; l?arley'e Park, June; Strawberry Valley, Wasatoh Mcuntains, August; Utah Vall~y. summer; Panguitch, August; Salina, September; Beaver, September; Grass Valley, September; Kountain Meadows, May; Toquerville, October; St. George, September. 192 (542b) Passeroulus sandwichensis alaudinue Bonaparte. Western Savannah Sparrow Synonyma--Paeseroulus savanna; Passeroulus savanna, var.

~µdinu■• •• Status--A oommon breeder in the meadows throughout Utah. It 1s a winter visitor to the Lower 8onoran ~one of Washington County; fewer numbers winter tarther north. Ridgway (1877, p.465) writes: "This well known and widely distributed Sparrow was an abundant -97-

BIRDS OF UTAH

species in every moist meadow and grassy marsh, not only in the valleys, but also in the lower canyons of the mountains. It was found during the greater portion of the year, or from March

to llovember, inclusive." A number of collections were made at Salt Lake Valley and at Parley's Park. Allen (1872, p. 167) and Nelson (1874) regarded it as common in the meadows of Salt Lake Valley. Henshaw (1875, p. 254) made collections at Provo and Thistle Valley, July. The writer has taken this species at Utah Lake in April and at St. Geor~e in December. 195 (542d) Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis Grinnell. Nevada ~avannah Sparrow Status--Probably fairly common summer visitant to the meadows of northern Utah. One skin was taken J~ne 19, by the Brigham Young University Expedition of 1926, at Bear Lake. The skin was examined by Dr.Jrinnell. No other records are available.

194 (546a) Ammodramus savarmarum bimacula tus Swains on. Western Grasshopper Sparrow Synonyrns--Coturniculus passerinus; Coturniculus passerinue, var. pe rnallidus; Western Yellov:-winged Sparrow; Lark Sparrow, part. Status--Not common, but generally distributed throughout suitable localities of northern Utah. It frequent's the dryer

grassy places of the valley. Allen (1872, p.167) and Nelson (1874) regarded it as failry common in the Salt Lake Vailey. Merriam (1873,) made collnctions of e~gs and nests near Og1ent in June. -97-

BIRDS 0!' UTAH apeoiee in every motet meadow and grassy marsh, not only in the valleys. but also in the lower canyons of the mountains. It was found during the greater portion of the year, or from Maroh to November, inolusive. 11 A number of oolleotions were made at Salt Lake Valley and at Parley's Park. Allen (1872, P• 167) and Nelaon.(1874) regarded it as common in the meadows of Salt Lake Valley. Henshaw (1875, P• 254) made oolleot1one at Provo and Thistle Valley. July. The writer has taken this species at Utah Lake in April and at St. George in December. 195 (542d) Paseerculus eandwiohensis nevadens1s GrinnellJ Nevada Savannah Sparrow Status--Probably fairly common eummer visitant to the meadows of northern Utan. One skin was taken June 19, by the ·Brigham Young University Expedition of 1926, at Bear Lake.

The skin was examined by Dr.Grinnell. No other records are available. 194 (546a) Ammodramus savannarum bimaoulatus Swalnson. Western Grasshopper Sparrow Synonyms--Coturnioulus paaserinus; Ooturnioulus passerinue, var. pernallidua; Wentern Yellow-win~e4 Sparrow; Lark Sparrow,part. Status--Not common, but ~enerally distributed throughout suitable loca11tiea of northern Utah, It frequents the dryer grassy places of the valley. Allen (1872, p,167) and Nelson (1874) regaraea it as failry common in the Salt Lake Valley. Merriam (1873,) made oolleotione of egFB and nests near Ogden, in June. -98-

' BIRDS OF UTAH

Collections were also made at Antelope Island (Ridgway, 1877, p.467) ana at Gunnison (Henshaw, 1875, p. 258). 195 (552a) Chonaestes ~rammacus strivalus Swainson. Western Lark Sparrow Synonyms--Chondestes .o·rammaca; Lark Sparro·.1v, part; Lark ii'inch; Skylark Bunting. Status--This songbird is common in the plains ana valleys of the state as a summer visitor ana breeder. Many references.are given. Collections have been made at the followin~ localities; Salt 19.l:e Valley, summer; Provo, July and august; Goshen, May; Santa Clara Valley, Hay; ana Beaverdam ·uountai ns, May. 19 6 ( 554) Zonotrichia leuconhrvs leucophrys (Forster). White-crowned Sparrow Synonym--Zonotrichia leucophrys. Status--"Common summer species in the elevatea parks of the Wasatch ana Uinta Mountains" (Ridf-'way, 1877, p. 470). Henshaw (1874, p. 5) renorts that it b~€eas abundantly in the mountains of the state. It is probably fairly common as a winter visitor or migrant in southern Utah. ~uring migration it is fairly common in the valleys. Collections have been made at Salt Lake .City, Parley's Park, Daniel's Canyon, and Strawberry Valley. 197 (559a) ~onotrichia leuconhrys gambeli (Nuttall). ·Gambel Sparrow. -99-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Synonyms--Zonotrichia leucophrys, var. gambeli; Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia; Zonotrichia intermedia; ~onotrichia gembeli; Zonotrichia; Ridgway Sparrow; Intermediate Sparrow. Status--A common migrant throu?hout the state and a common winter visit or in the southern valleys and lowlands. No breeding records are P:iven, althou?h it probably breeds in Utah. It has been taken in many localities an~ by many collectors. Records are as follows: Deep Creek, October; Salt LakeValley, September ana October; Wasatch Mountains, September and October; Provo, November; Sand Dunes, .:)eptember; Hobble Creek, September; Panguitch, September; Iron Bpring, October; Toquerville, October; Washington, October; St. George, December. Dr. Merriam (:Fisher, 1893, p. 89) found this subspecies still tolerabl:V common in the Santa Clara Valley as late as May5. 198 {559a) Spisella monticela ochracea Brewster. Western Tree ~parrow Status--This species is not common in the state, but is of wide distribution during the ,vinter months. Ridgway (1877,p.47_8) found it a common winter visitor to the Great Basin. Henshaw

(1875, p. 277) writes: "A few individuals were met with at Beaver, Utah, about the first of November, and the s~ecies was found common at Provo in December. The writer collected one skin at Provo, January 20, ana observed a few individuals at St. Georee f in December. -99-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Synonyme--Zonotriohia leucophrns, var. gambeli; Zonotriohia leuoophrys intermedia; ionotrichia intermedia; Zonotr1ohia

j gembeli; ~onotriohia; Ridgway Sparrow; Intermediate Sparrow. Statue--A oom.monmigrant thrOUP-"hout the state ana a common winter visitor in the sonthern valleys and lo?."lan4s. Bo breedin~ reoorde a~e ~iv~n, a.lthouP-'h it probably breeds in Utah. It has been taken in many localitiee and by many oolleotore. Records are as follows: Deep Creek, October: Salt LakeValley, September and October; Wasatch Mountaine, September and October; Provo, November; Sand Dunes, September; Hobble Creek, September; Panguitch, September; Iron Spring, October; Toquerville, October; Washington. Oot ober; St. George, December. Dr, Merriam (Fisher. 1893, p. 89) found this subspecies still tolerablY common in the Santa Clara Valley as late as May5. 198 (559a) Spisella montioela oohraoea Brewster, Western Tree Sparrow Status--Thls species is not common in the state, but is ot wide distribution during the winter months. Ridgway (1877,p.478) found it a oommon winter visitor to the Great Basin. Henshaw (1875. P• 277) writes: "A tew individuals were met with at Beaver, Utah, about the tirst of November, ana the epeoies wae found common at Provo in December. The writer oollectea one skin at Provo, January 20, and observea a fe~ individuals at St. George in Deoember. -100-

BIRDS OF U':'A.H

199 ( 560a) Spizella passerina arizonae Coues. Western Chipping ~parrow Synonyms--Spizella cocialis; Spizella socialis, var. arizonae; Arizona Chipping Sparrow. Status--Not a very abundant species, but found throughout Utah during migration. It is a summer visitant to the northern portions of the state, where it is found in both valleys and mountains. The writer found it rather common near the ponds and streams of the Uinta Mouritains. A number of skins were taken in June. Allen (1872, p.168) found it to be abundant near Ogden in September. Ridg 0.vay ( 1877, p. 479) collected eggs and skins near Salt Lake City in June. Henshaw (1874, p. 277,) collected specimens at Provo and in the Wasatch Mountains in .A.uf'Ust. Tanner (1927, MS) reports it a winter visitor and migrant to St. George.

200 (562) Spizella breweri Cassin. Bre·Ner Sparrow Status--Common summer visitant to northern Utah and a migrant throughout the state. It is found on the more arid slopes of our mountains as well as in the valleys. Nelson(l874) writes that the species was abundant in weeds along the shores of Great Salt Lake and near roads. Ridgway (1877, p.480) collected thirty-six nests in Salt Lake Valley and on various islands of Great Salt Lake. He also collected specimens from Parley's Park and Cache Valley. Henshaw (1874, p.279) made collections at Provo in July and Au~ust. Members o:f the -101-

BIRDS OF UTA.II

Brigham Young University Expedition of 1926 collected it at the summit of Daniel's Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, (8000 feet elevation) July; Summit of the mountains west of Bear Lake, June; .. and on the shore of Great Salt Lake, June. The writer has also collected it at St. George in September. 201 (567) Jm1co hyemalis hyemalis (Linnaeus). Slate-colored Junco Synon3U11s--Junco hyemalis; Black Snowbird. Status--But one available record. Henshaw(l875, p.266) ·.vri tes: "Perhaps rare, but a sinp-le specimen having been secured at Iron Springs, Utah, October 4, 1872." This was taken in a flock with Gambel Sparrows. 202 (567a) Junco oreganus oreganus (Townsend). Oregon Junco Synonyms--lnphoea ore~ona, part; Oregon Snowbird, part. Status--An extremely rare migrant and winter visitor. Captain Stansbury (1852, p. 317) collected this species in Salt Lake Valley •. No additio~al Utah records for this species are available.

203 ( 567b) Junco oreganus shufeldti Coale. Shudfelat Junco Synonyms--Niphoea oreo;ona, pa.rt; Junco ore~anuB; Junco hyemalia var. oreganus; Black Junco, part.; Oregon Junco, part.

Status--This species is the most widely distributed ~na -102-

BIRDS OF UTAH abundant Junco in Utah.. It breeds in the mountains and 7vinters

so.nevvhat southward in the valleys and pl.a ins. In the c,v.i_n te r it

is found near settlements throughout the state. Henshaw (1874, p. 266) found it in large flocks in southern Utah in October a.nd at Provo in December~ Allen (1872, p. 167) found it common near Ogden after October 1. The writer has taken a number of skins fromthe following localities: Vlashington County in December; Utah Valley, from October to March; Aspen Grove, October. He has found nests of this species in the ,vasatch :MountainB in July. Junco mearnsi Ridgway. Pink-sides Junco Status--This subspecies appears to be a rather rare winter visitor to Utah. The writer collected one specimen at Salamander

Lake, .iasatch Mountains, on November 22, 1926. Tanner (1927 MS) lists it as a winter visitor in Via.shington County. 205 (570b) Junco ca.nicops (Woodhouse). Gray-jea.ded Junco. Synonyms--Junco cinereus, var. caniceps; Red-backed Snow Bird; Gray-headed Snow Bird. Status--"The. gray-headed Snow-bird was met ~ith only in the pine forests of the Wasatch a.nd Uinta :Mountains, '.vhere it wa.s rather common from May to August, inclusive",Ridgway, 1877,

p.474). It is tolerably common in the valle~s as a winter

visitor. Nelson (1874, p. 344) found it abundant about the clearings near the base of the northern Uinta Mountains. -103-

BIRDS OF UTAH

206 ( 573a) Amphispiza bilinesta deserticola Ridgway. Desert Sparrow. Synonyms--Amphispiza bilineata; Poospina bilineata; Black- throated Sparrow. Status--Fairly ccmmon in summer in and near the sage- brush desert regions and in the adjacent valleys. It appears to be fairly common in all suitable localities of western Utah. Ridgway (1877, p. 475) regarded it as a common breeder in the Salt Lake Valley. Collections were made near Balt Lake City, Antelope Island, and Weber rliver. Dr. llerriam (Fisher, 1893, p.95) found the species common near St. George and Santa G1ara and on the Beaverdam Uountai ns in May. 207 (574.1} Amphispiza nevadensis nevadensis (Ridgway). Sage Sparrow. Synonyms--Poospiza belli, var. nevadensis; Poosepiza belli; Amrhispiza belli nevadensis; Artemisle.Sparrow; Bell Finch. Status--Fairly common breeder in the sage-brush plains of the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones of the state. It is reported as fairly common in the sage-brush region of the Salt Lake Valley, during the summer and early fall (Allen, 1872, and Ridgway, 1877), Henshaw (1874, p.6 and 1875, p.275) reports it as being "very common, especially as_ a winter resident, frequenting the sage-brush plains." Numerous specimens were collected by him at Hush Lake in October; Iron Sprinrs, October; Toquerville, October; and St. George, October. Dr. Merriam -104-

BIRDS OF UTAH

(Fishert 1893t p. 97) found it one of the most abundant species in the Santa Clara Valley ancl at Mountain Meadows in May. r:.1he writer has taken a number of skins at St. George ana Blooming- ton in 1Je'}ember. 208 (581a) Melospiza melodia saltonis Grinnell. Desert Song Sparrow Synonyms--Melo~piza fasciata fallax. Status--Recorded only for the Lower Sonoran ione of Wash- ington County. Dr. Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p. 99) reports it as common near the junction of the Santa Clara and the Virgin Rivers in May. Mr. rlailey found it common at St. George in January of 1888. Tanner (1827 MS) lists it as a resident, but 1as being most noticeable in spring and fall. 209 (581b) Melosniza melodia fallax. Mountain Song Sparrow. Synonym--Melospiza melodia montana. Status--This songster is a common resident near the valley and mountain streams of the state. In the late fall the mountain oirds migrate into the valleys to spend the cold winter months. Many records are given. Collections have been made at the following localities; Bear Lake, June; Bear River Valleyt July; Uinta ?.fountains, July; Wasatch Mountains, summer; Utah Valley, throughout the year; Deep Creek, October; Fillmore, October; North Creek, September; Beaver, September; Iron Springs, October; Toquerville, Beptember; Washington, October;

Grass Valley, September; St, George, :May; September, and -105-

BIRDS OF UTAH

December; Santa Clara. May. 210 (581k) llelospiza melodia merrilli Brewster. Merrill Song Sparrow. Synonyms--Melodspis fasciata guttata; Rusty Song Sparrow. Status--A rare winter visitor to Utah. One specimen was taken at Santa Clara., January 13, 1889, by Mr. Bailey (Fisher, 1893, p. 100). It was a.t first captioned M. ~· guttata, Rusty Son~ ~parrow, but a later study of the skin has shown it to • be M. m. merrilli. {See Ridgway. 1901, p. 391). 211 ( 583) Melospiza lincolni lincolni (Audubon). Lincoln Sparrow Synonyms--Melospiza lincolni; Melespiza lincolnii; Peucaca lincolni; Lincoln Finch. Status--Rather uncommon summer breeder. but fairly well distributed throughout the mountainous sections of the state {Henshaw 1874, p.6). In piven localities it seems to be more abundant. At Parley's Park Ridgway (1877, p.484) found it a rather common sum.mer resident, inhabiting the open slopes or level pieces of ground covered by low shrubs, seeds, grass, etc. He made collections at Deep Creek, October; and at Parley's Park. June, an~l observed the species elsewhere. Allen ( 1874, p.

169) records that it 0.vas exceedingly abundant near Oeden in 1874. Stansbury (Baird, 1852. p. 317) has also made collections inthe Salt Lake Valley. Henshaw (1875. p. 283) found it common at Grass Valley where he collected a number of skins. -106-

BIRDS OF UTAH

212 ( 584) Melosipiza georgiana (Latham). :3wamp Sparrow Synonym--M:elosniza palustris. Status--This species is accidental in Utah. The only

reco:f'd is that of Mr. Henshaw ( 1875, p. 285), who collected it at Washington, southwestern Utah, October 2::3, 1872.

213 ( 583c) Passerella iliaca schistacea Baird Slate-colored Fox Sparrow. Synonyms--Passerella iliaca, var. schistaceae; Passerella schistaceae; Panserella townsendi, var. schistacea; Passerella townsendii, var. schistacca. Status--Fairly common breeder in the mountains of northern Utah. Henshaw(l874,p.6). Ridgway (1877,p.486) found it one of the most common birds at Parley's Park during the entire summer.

A number of collections were made. It breeds in Salt Lake Valley (Allen 1874, p. 168) and Merriam, {1863, p/ 707), but it is not numerous there. Henshaw (1874, p.293) collected• one specimen in Provo in July. No records of its occurrence south of Utah Valley are given. 214 (583) Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Swainson.) Antic Tmvhee Synonyms--Pi~ilo maculatus, var. megalonyx, part; Long Spurred ':'owhee. Status--Fairly common resi.'.:lent in the valleys and chaparral foothills of northern and central Utah, a.na a winter mig-rant

to the extreme south•.;vestern portion of the state. It is less -107-

BIRDS OF UTAH common than P.m.montanus. Henshaw (1874. p.6 and (1875, p.303-4) rives record of collections at Provo July; North Creek, September;

Bluff Creek, September, and Toquerville, October. The writer has collected one skin at Provo in DecembeT. 215 (588a) Pipilo maculatus montanus 3warth. Spur re a ToYvhee Synonyms--Piplo megalonyx; Pipilo erythrophthalmus, var. arcticus; Pipilo maculatus, var. megalony; part. Pipilo erythrephthalmus, var. megalonyx; Pi:pilo erythrophtl:i_almus megalonyx, part; Long Spurred Towhee; Ground Robin; ,iestern ':'owhee. Status--Common resident in the valleys and shrubby foot-hills of the state. Recorded from many sections during different periods of the year. The followin? localities are given: Cache Valley, June; Mountain Meadows, May; St. George an.r\ Santa Clara Valley, winter; Salt Lake City, summer; Antelope Island, summer; Ogden,

surmner; Utah V~lley, 4;b rou.ci-hout the y8ar. 216 (592) Pinilo alberti Baird. Abert ':'owhee. Status--:l!,airly common resident in the shrubbery near streams in the Lo•yer 3onoran uone of Washinrton County. Henshaw ( 1875, p. 306} collected specimens at Washington and St. George in October. Dr. Herriam (Fisher, 1sg3, p. 105) found it breeding on the lower Santa Clara and Beaverdam Creeks in May. The writer has observed the species in that locality throughout the year and has collected it in December and January. 217 (592-1} Oreos·niza chlorura (Audubon).

Green-tailed Towhee. -108-

BIRDS OF UTAH

SynonJ7IlS--Pipilo chlorurus; Green-tailed Finch; Green-tailed Bunting. Status--Fairly common summer visitant to the valleys and mountains of the Sonoran and ~ransition zones of the state. Ria~- way (1877,p. 497) found it common in the elevated parks and canyons of the Y/asatch and Uinta Mountains during the nesting season. (Allen 1874, p. 168} reports it to be common in Salt Lake Valley after Aup·ust 20. It has been collected at Bear Lake Valley, Utah, June; Wasatch'J,!ountains, summer; dal t Lake Valley, May; Daniel's Canyon, July; Gunnison, .:3eptembe r; Mead o·n Creek, Setpember; Santa Clara, May; Pine Valley Mountains, summer. Thhis Townee has been found near Provo as early as };Tarch 13. 218 ( 596) iamelodia melanocer,hala melanocephala ( Swa.inso.>1). Black-headed Grosbeak. Synonyms--Gonianhea melanoc ephal us; Guiraca melanoce r,hala; Hedymeles melanocenhala; Habia melanocephala; Zamelodia melanocepha: Status--A common summer visitant to the valleys and mountains throughout the state. It nests from the Lower Sonoran zone at Santa Clara and St. Ueorge (Fisher, 1893,p. 106) up through the Transitional zone of the Wasatch Mountains (Ridgway, 1877,p.489) This species has been collected at: Sheep Creek, Uinta Mountains, June (B. Y. u. Ex~edition of 1926); Cache Valley, July (Ridgway

1877, p. 489), thro"_lfhout Salt Lake and Utah Valleys, summer; (Ridf"'N-ay) St. George, May (Fisher 1893, p. 106). 219 (597a) Guiraca caerulea lazula (Lesson). Western Blue Grosbeak. -109-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Synonym--Guiraca caerulea eurhyncha. Status--Restricted entirely to the Lower donoran Zone of Washin{!ton County, vvhere it is fairly common as a summer visitor.

Dr. Merriam and ?1fr. Bailey (Fisher, 1893,p. 106) found it rather abundant near Santa Clara and Beaverdam Creeks in May. The writer has observed it in these localities in .August.

220 ( 599) Passerina amoena (Say). Lazuli Bunting. Synonym--Cyanespiza amoena; Lazuli Finch. Status--Common. summer visitor in Utah, inhabiting the dense thickets near water courses and breeding from the Lo·.ver Sonoran Zone of Washington County (Fisher, 1893, p. 107) to the Trans- ition Zone of northern Utah. Hen~haw (1875, p.300) regarded it as common throughout the state • .A number of skins were collected at Provo in .August. Merriam (1873, p. 707) found it breeding . co~monly near Ogden in June. Ridgway made collections at Parley 1 s Park and Salt Lake City from June to Aufust. The ·.vriter has collected a number of specimens at Wellsville Canyon, Oashe Valley, in June. He has found the bird at Pine Valley in July and in the Santa Clara Valley in August.

221 ( 605) Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger. Lark Bunting. Synonyms--Calamospiza bicolor; Calamospiza melanocephala; White-winred Blackbird. Sta.tus--A casual visitor to Utah. A single specimen of this species was obtained by Mr. ~idgway (1877, p. 487) at p ar 1 ey's -110-

BIRDS OF UTAfI

Park in June 1869. Dr. Yarrow (Henshaw, 1874, p. 6) saw a few individuals on the extremenorthern Utah border. 222 (607) Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson}. Western Tanager. Synonyms--PyranP-a luaoviciana; Louisiana '.:'anager. Status--This beautiful bird is generally distributed throup:hout the vrnoded portion of Utah as a sumi11er breeder; however, it is not abundant. It is more common in the valleys as a spring and fall mip-rant. Ridgway (1877, p. 455) found it breeding in the Uinta and Wasatch Mountains. Henshaw collected it at Provo in July. Merriam (1873, p. 678} and Allen (1872,p. 168) report it from the Salt Lake Valley in June and September. Dr. Vasco M. '.:'anner and the writer have taken it from the Uinta Mouritains, June; Aspen Grove, Au�ust; Lynndyl, September; and St. George, September. 223 (611) Progne su bis subis (Linnaeus). Purple Mart in. Synonym--Progne subis. Status--Common summer visitant. "It occurs throughout Utah, being found in the vicinity of the towns, and breeding plenti fully in boxes placed for its convenience, as at Salt Lake City, or retiring in large colonies to the solitudes of the mountains, where, in the pine and asy,en woods, it finds abundant accomo aa.tions for rearing its younp: in the abandoned woodpeckers holes. Wherever found, it is never content to remain isolated in.pairs, but associates together in colonies of greater or lesser numbers" -111-

BIRDS OF UTAH

(Henshaw, 1875, p.214). The 7Vriter has founa it much more abundant in the mountains than in the valleys. 224 ( 612) Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons (Say). Cliff Swallow Synonyms--Petrochelidon lunifrons; Hirundo lunifrons.

Status--Common summer visitant in suitable localities thr~ugh-_,, out the state. It breeds in c.olonies on cliffs, bridp:es, ~ves of houses, etc. in the mountains and valleys. Ridgway(l877, p. 440) reports findinp it at every portion of the route across the Great Basin, especially in the vicinity of rivem, lakes, and settlements. There are many reports of its occurrence in Utah and ~alt Lake Valley~. Merriam (1893, p.110) and Tanner (1927 MS) have f'ound it a common breeoer near St. George ana Santa Clara in the spring ana summer. Beall (1918, p.8) reports a collection from central Utah. ~t Bear Lake the members of the Brigham Young University Expedition of 1926 found it particularly abundant. More than one hundred twenty nua nests were placed on the south side of a wooden bridge across the Bear River. The bridge is less than 100 feet long. Tne writer.has observed this species at Provo by the last of ~pril. 225 ( 613) Hirundo erythregastra Boddaert. Barn Swallow Synonyms--Hirando horreorum; Chelidon erythrop-raster. Status--The barn swallow has a very general distribution, but probably is less Jommon than the preceding. Its occurrence in Utah is chiefly in the vicinity of settlements. It is reported -112-

BIRDS OF UTAH I at various points by Henshaw. He made collections at Provo in July and at Fairfield in Auf:"U.St. Allen (1872, p. 167) reports it a common visitor in Salt Lake Valley. Nests ·,ere collected at Parley's Park in July by Ridgway (1877, p. 441). Merriam (1893, p. 110) and Tanner (1927 MS) have found it near St. George in lfay. The writer has founa it nesting in Utah County and Iron County. 226 ( 614) Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot) Tree Swallow. Synonyms--Tachycineta bicolor; White-bellied Swallow. Status--Generally distributed in the mountainous regions of the state. It often breeds in the aspen groves in company ·ivith the martins (Henshaw, 1874, p.4). Ridgway found it only in the vvooded districts around Salt Lake City and Parley's Park, where he made collections. The writer has found it a common breeder in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains. Nests were made in deserted woodpecker holes from five to fifteen feet above the ground. Both males and females took turns in- cubating the eggs. One skin was taken at the summit of Daniel's Canyon. 227 (615) Tachycineta thalassina lepida Mearns. Northern Violet-green Swallow. Synonyms--Hirundo thalassina; Tachycinta thalassin9.. Status--Fairly common in the hi~her elevations and mountains throug-hout Utah (Henshaw, 1875, p. 218), but less common than the -113-

BIRDS OF UTAH preceding species. It 11breeds in li_rnestone cliffs, with the white-throated swift and cliff swallow." Ridgway found it in the mountains and collected it near Salt Lake City in May • .Allen (1872, p.167) and Merriam (1874, p. 676) give records of its occurrence in Salt Lake Valley. Nelson (1874, p. 343) reports its nesting in the Uinta Mountains. Dr. Merriam (1893, p. 111) found it a common species in the lower Santa Clara Valley in Hay of 1891.

228 ( 616) Riparia riparia (Linnaeus). .Bank Swallow

Synonym--Cotyle riparia, Rirundo erythro 0aster. Status--Probably of general distribution in suitable localities throurhout the state. It breeds in the river banJ:s in company 'lVith the rough-winged swallow. Henshaw (1875, p. 219) found it an abundant species alon~ the Provo River and fairly common in "Western Utah." Additional collections were made at

Fairfield in August. Ridgway (1877, p. 445) ana Merriam (1873, p. 677) give nestin~ records for Salt Lake Valley. Beal (1918, p.22) reports a collection in central Utah.

229 ( 617) Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Audubon). Rough-winrea Swallow Synonym--Cotyle serripennis. Status--Common throughout the valleys of the state. It is more numerous than the Bank Swallow with ~hich it a~sociates and nests. Dr. Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p. 112) found it to be the -114-

BIRDS OF UTAH

most common swallo'!'V in the Lo,,ver Sonoran zone of Washington County. ~daitional summer records are given for Cache Valley (B.Y.U.Expedition 1926); Salt Lake Valley (Ridgway, 1877, p.446 ana Allen, 1872, p. 167}; Utah Valley and Sanpete Valley (Hen- shaw 1875, p. 219). 230 (618) Bombycilla parrula (Linnaeus). Bohemian Wa.xwing. Status--An irregular winter visitor throughout the inhabited portions of Utah. It is fairly common in Utah County from December to February. One specimen was taken at Pleasant Grove, January 20, 1927. In December, 1926, the writer observed this beautiful species at Beaver, Parowan, and St. George. Two skins were taken at St. George, December 29. 231 (619) Bombycilla cedrorum Vicillet. Cedar Wax·.ving. Synonym--Ampelis cedrorum; Cedar Bird. Status--An irregular visitor, but most common in the fall. Allen (1872,·p. 167) found it fairly common at Ogden in September and October. Henshaw reports it as being not uncommon in the fall. He observed it at various places; however, the definite localities are not given. 232 (620) Phainopepla nitons (Swainson). Phainopopla Status--This characteristic Lower Sonoran bird is a fairly common summe~ visitor to the lower and warmer portions of

Washington County. Dr. Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p. 113) and Tanner -115-

BIRDS OF UTAH

(1927 MS) give breeding records for St. George and Santa Clara in May and June. It migrates south early in September. 233 (621) Lanius borealis Vieillot. Northern Shrike Synonyms--Collurio ludovicianus, part; Collurio borealis; Great Northern Shrike. Status--Fairly common winter visitant to the valleys of the state (Henshaw, 1874, p.5). Allen (1872, p. 167) found it common near Ogden in September and October. Henshaw (1875, p. 233) reports one collection at Toquerville late in the fall. The writer found this species at Fillmore December 18, 1926. One skin taken in Utah Valley is in the Brigham Young University collection. 234 (622a) Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Swainson. White-rumped Shrike Synonyms--Collurio excubiterides; Collurio ludevicianus, part; Collurio ludovicianus, var. excubitorides. Status--"Every·..vhere abundant" (Henshaw, 1875, p. 234). Per haps less common than formerly, but still fairly common summer visitant in the valleys of the Sonoran and Transition zones of the state. It is a resiaent in southern Utah. Records are as follows: Salt Lake Valley, June (Merriam, 1877, p.677) and (Paul, 1911, p. 95); Antelope Island, Free�ont Island, Promitory Point, summer (Ridgway, 1877, p. 454); Fairview,. August (Henshaw); Fountain Green, ..�ugust ( Henshaw) ; Sanpete -116-

BIRDS OF UTAH.

Valley, March (Baird, 1872); Washington County, May (Fisher (1893, p. 114). The writer has taken it in ~t. Jeorge in .December.

235 (624) Vireosylva olivacea (Linnaeus). Red-eyed Vireo Synon~n--Vireo olivaceus. Status--According to Allen (1872, p.167) this species is more or less common in the Salt Lake Valley in September. Dr. c. G. Plummer (Letter J:s,r. 7, 1927) reports its occurrence in northern Utah. 236 (627a) Vireosylva gilva swainsoni (Baird). Western Warbling Vireo. Synonyms--Vireo gilvus; Vireosylva ~ilva; Vireo vilvus, var. swainsoni; Vireo P-ilvus, var. swainsonii; Warbling Vireo. Status--Common in the valleys and mountains (1877, p. 449) of the state as a summer visitor (Henshaw, 1875, p. 221).

Mr . .Ridgway ::'ouna the species breeding from the lovrnst valleys up to an altitude of 8000 feet. Mr. Riaeway collected specimens at Antelope Island and Parley's Park. Mr. Henshaw made collections at Wasatch Mountains and Meadow Creek in August an'.1 Septem- ber. Allen (1872, p. 167) fonnd it common in Salt Lake Valley in September. The ~riter has collected it in Lofan Canyon in June and at St. George in September.

237 ( 629a) Lanivireo solitarius cassini (Xanthus). Cassin Vireo -117-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Synonym--Lanivireo solitaria, var. solitaria. Status--According to Ridgway (1875, p. 170) this species is a late summer visitor to the Wasatch mountains. ~he A. o. u. Check List (1910, p. 300) reports it to be a migrant through Utah. 238 ( 629b) Lanivireo solitarius Elumbeus (Coues). Plumbeus Vireo Synonyms--Vireo solitarius, var. nlumbeus; Lanivireo plurnbeus; LaLivireo solitaria, var.plumbea; Lanivireo oolitaria nlumbea. Status--Generally distributed throughout the mountains and valleys of northern and central Utah as a breeder, but not very common. Henshaw (1875, p. 224) regarded it as fairly common in the Wasatch Mountains. Re also made a collection at Meadow

Creek. J.idrway ( 1873, p. 167) reports it as being II rather frequentn in the .-3alt Lake Valley in September. 239 (643) Verrnivora luciae (Cooper). Lucy Warbler Synonyrn--Helminthorha~a luciae. Status--Kno':'ffi in Utah only fromthe record of Dr. C. Hart Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p. 117). He collected one skin at St. George and one at Santa Clara in J.[ay, 1891. It was rer-arded as breeding although it was not common. 240 (644) Verminvora virRiniae Baird. Virginia Warbler Synonyms--llelminthopha~a vir~iniae. -118-

BIRDS OF Ur::'AH

Status--Mr. Ridgway (1877, p. 428) fauna this an abundant species in northern Utah. He Tirites: "On the Wasatch ana Uinta Mountains it was most abundant. being particularly plentiful among the scrub-oaks on the foot-hills near Salt Lake City • 11 A number of nests ana skins were collected. Other collectors regaraea it as being much less common. It probably is found throughout Utah auring migration.

241 (645a) Vermivora ruficapilla 0utturalis (Ridgway). Calavoras Jarbler Synonyms--Helm.inthoDhaga ruficapilla; Hashville IYarbler. Status--Apparently fairly common near Ogden in September (Allen, 1872, p. 166). Specimens were collected and others seen in Salt Lake Valley. Ridgway (1873, p. 177) gives reference to its occurrence in SeJ..t Lake Valley. It probably is not of wide distribution except during mi�ration. 242 (646) Vermivora celata celata (Say). Orange-cro7med Warbler Synonym--Helminthophava colata. Status--"Breeds in mountains from '7000 feet to 9000 feet high (Henshaw, 1874, p. 3). In northern ana central Utah it is probably the most abunaant species of its family, during th� autumnal migration. "In the fall, the thickets and lower shrubbery along the streams, particularly thGse of the lower canyon, would fairly swarm 7vith them during the early portion -119-

BIRDS OF UTAH of the mornings, as they busily sought their food" (RidgNay, 1877, p. 429). M:r... \idgway made a number of collections at

Parley's Park. ~llcn (1872, p. 166) found these birds extremely common near Ogden in September. The writer has c ollectednthis species in Hobble Creek in September, at which time it was very abundant. 243 (652) Dendroica aestiva marcomi Western Yellow Warbler Synonyms--Dendroica aestiva; Dendroeca aestive; Dendroica aestiva aestiva Summer Yellow-bird; Golden '1farbler. Status--Comrnon summer breeder in suitable localities throuphout the state. It is most abundant around settlements. Many references are given for its abundance ana distribution throughout Utah. In June of 1925 the writer observed a pair of these in- .. teresting insect feeders on the B. Y. University Campus ~iving their young brood their first lesson in flifht. ~he parent birds would fly 9.bove and in front of the younrsters offering them a morsel of feod. Again they would cling to the roughened bark of a tree or alight on a low limb of a shrub and offer more food to the hungry young. With each offer the young bird3 were oblifed to fly some distance or go hungry. One weakling made the effort, but seemed unable to fly the prescribed distance. After offering both chastisement and encouragement, the mother bird actually flew under the baBy as he was makin? another trial -120-

BIRDS OF UTAH and boosted him to a higher limb. When I approached, the mother "bird scolded nervously and then fluttered along the ground away from her brood as if her wing were broken. It followed to see what she would do. When she had led me a safe distance away, she flew in an irregular line back to her family.

244 ( 656) Dendroica auduboni auduboni (Townsend). Audubon Warbler Synonyms--Dendroica auduboni; Dendrocia audubonii; Dendroeca auduboni. Status--Common summer visitant and breeder in the higher valleys and mountains throughout the state. Abundant in almost every community during migration. ~ound sparingly in the Lower Sonoran zone of Washington County as a visitor. One lone straggler remained about the University campu_s at Provo during the winter of 1926-7. The writer has found it common in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains in June and July and has collected it at the summit of Daniel 1 s Canyon, July; Sand Dunes, Millard County, September; Provo, September; Utah Lake, October; and St. George, December. Ridgway (1877, p.

434) and Nelson (1874, p. 343) report its breeding in the Uinta and Wasatch Mounj;-ains in June and July. Allen (1872, p. 166) regarded it as very common in Salt Lake Valley after September 15. lienshaw(l875, p. 195) made collections at Provo, July; Gunnison, September; Panguitch, September; Mormon Springs, October; Iron City, October; and Toquerville,

October. Dr• Merrian ( Fisher 1893 p 119) f ' · • • ound a few -121 ...

BIRDS OF UTAH

delayed migrants in the Santa Clara Valley as late as May 17. Ac-

cording to Tanner (1927 !.TS} it is a common fall and spring migrant throup:h St. George.

245 (662) Dondrocia fusca (Muller). · Blackburni'3.n i'ia.rbler Synonyms--:Oend roica blackburniae; Den1 roe ca blackbur:niae.

Status--According to ~llen (1872, p.166) this species is a casual visitor to Utah. A fe,.v speciemens were collected near

Ogden in Se~tember, 1871.

246 ( 665) Dendroica ni~rescens (To~nsend). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Synonym--Dendroeca mi~ricens • Status--Some,vhat mre summer• visitor to the mountains of northern Utah. Allen (1872, p. 166) thou~ht he saw a few re- presentatives of this species near Ogden in September. Ridgway (1877, p. 433) found it breedin~ sparingly in the Uinta Mountains.

247 ( 675a) Seirrus noveboracensis n~~abilis RidEway. • Grinnell Water Thrush Status--But one record: One adult male was secured by Dr. Merriam ana Mr. Bailey (.Fisher, 1893, p. 122) at the eastern edge of Santa Clara, southwestern Utah.

248 ( 680 Oporenis tolmiei (Townsend). MacGi1lvira.y Warbler Synonyms--Geothlypis philadelphia, var. macpillivray; Geothlypi~ macgillivrayi. -122-

BIRDS OF UTAH.,

Status--Fairly common breeder in the canyons and mounatins of Utah. Ridgway (1877, p.435) found it breeding throuf-'hout the Wasatch and Uinta mountains. Henshaw (1875, p. 166) fauna it "not uncommon 11 in the cial t Lake Valley in 0eptanber. The writer has collected it on the mountains east of Bear Lake in June, at the Sand Dunes, Millard County in September, and at St. George in September. 249 (681a) Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster. Western Yellow-throa tea ;.·,-arble r. Synonyms--Geothlypis trichas. Status--In almost all valleys of the state containing dense growth contiguous to 1vater, this little bird is found as a summer visitor. Henshaw(l875, p. 204) regarded it as common throu~h- out the state. Merriam (1872, p. 674) found it breeding in the Salt Lake Valley in June. In September it is common near Op-den (Allen, 1872, p. 166). Ridgway (1877, p. 434) made collections at Deep Creek in October and at the Ueber River in June. Dr. l~erriam (1890, p. 128) founa it rather common in the Santa Clara Valley in

Uay. The 1•:riter has taken it at Utah Lake in ..1pril, Duchesne in July, and_St. George in September. 250 (683a) Icteria virens lon~icauaa Lawrence. Long-tailed Chat. Synonyms- -Ic toria vi rens; - Ic te ria lonp-icauda; Ic te,ria virens, var. lon~icauda; Yellow-breasted Chat. Status--~his shy ana interes~ing ~imicker is a iairly common summer visitant to the thickets of the valleys throughout the state. • -123-

BIRDS OF UTAH

He is usually founa in close proximity to water. A number of collections have been maae in the ~alt Lake and Utah Valleys. Dr. Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p. 125) found it a tolerably common breeaer alon~ the Santa Clara Creek ana Vi:i:'gin River in May. ~he writer has taken it in this same region in September. Members of the Brigham Young university Expedition of 1926 founa it fairly common

in June ana July, also at Bear Lake an1 along the Green rtiver near ilaming Gorge and Jensen. 251 ( 6-B5a) Wilsonia r,usilla pileolata (Pallas). Pioleated Warbler. Synonyms--Wilsonia pusilla; Myioaioctes nusillus; Black-ca-pped Yellow Warbler; Green Black-capped Flycatcher; Wilson Black-cap ·,'larbler. Status--According to Nelson (1874, p. 138) this species is an abundant breeder in the norttern Uinta Mountains. It is most common throu~hout the valleys of the sta~e as a migrant (Henshaw, 1874, p.4). Allen(l874, p. 167) collected it at Antelope Island in May. Pisher (1893, p. 124) reports its occurrence on the Virgin River (over the Utah Line) in May. 252 (687) Setophai,:a ruticilla (Linnaeus}. American Reastar~

Status--~bis species occurs in northern Utah, but is not very common. iiiagway (1877, p. 438) founr! it in the valleys anJ canyons throughout the Wasatch district. Specimens were taken in June at Antelope Islana. Henshaw (1875, p. 209) regarded it as a fairly common visitor to Utah Valley. --illen( 1872, p. 167) observed it ""'.124-

BIRDS OF UTAH

near 0Rden in September. The writer has taken one specimen at Provo in May.

253 (697) Anthus rubescens (Tunstall). American Pipit Synonyms--Anthus luaovicianus; Titlark. St9,tus--An abundant winter visitor to the LO",ver Sonoran zone of Washington County. Less common as a winter visltant farther north. In December the writer fauna this one of the mo~t abundant birds in ana near· St. George and danta Clara. A number of speci- · mens were taken. In January the pipit '.Vas seen vvithin' the limits of Provo city. Specimens 7rnre taken near Utah Lake in October.

Allen (1872, p. 167) reports it a~ being abundant near ~alt Lake City in September. Henshaw (1875, p. 187) regarded the species as a common migrant throughout the state. He made collections at Rush Lake and Vlashingtqn in October. 254 (701) Cinclus mexicanus unicolor Bonaparte. Water ouzel Synonyms--Cinclus mexicanus; Dippe~ Bird. Status--This wonder bird is nowhere very abundant in Utah, but is foillld sparingly as a resident in almost every mountain and canyon stream of the state. It is found from the Lower jonoran zone of iion Canyon (Tanner, 1927 MS) to the Canadian zone of the Wasatch and Uinta Uountains, Ridg-rmy ( 1877, p. 406). Henshaw ( 1876, p. 154) reports it from "several localities 11 in the state. He :=ouna it most -125-

BIRDS OF UTAH

common near Provo. A number of collections have been made from'" the Wasatch :Mountains. 255 (702) Oreosco11tes montanus (Tovmsend). Sage Thrasher Synon;yins--1.!ountain Hocking Bi rd; Gray Bi rd. St~tus--~ fairly common summer visitant tothe sage-brush regions of the state. It is abundant near settlements during migration. The following collections of skins or eg~s are recorded; Islands of Great Salt Lake. June (Ridgway. 1877, p. 402); Salt Lake

Valley, June - September (Merriam. 1873, p. 671), Allen,(1872, p. 166); (B. Y. U. Expedition, 1926); Kobe Valley, May (Baird, 1872, p. 50); northern Uinta Mountains, June (B. Y. U. Expedition, 1926); Fairfiela, Augnst; Salina, September; Panfuitch, ~eptember;

Toquerfille, October (Henshaw, 1874, p.151); Jt. G8 orge ~nd Uountain tireadows, May (Fisher, 1893, p. 126). The writer has also taken it at St.George in Jeptember. 256 ( 703a) Uimus pol;rvott os leucente rus ( Vir,ors) • ~estern Mockinr ~ird , Synonym--Mimus poly@)ttus. Status--This remarkable songster is a fairly common summer visitor to the southern part of the state. It arrives at st. George in April (Tanner, 1927 MS) and departs in September. The writer has found it nesting in May and June and has collected skins on September 7, 1926. By this date practically all the birds of this species had migrated. ~he only two individuals seen were collected. Dr. Merriam (1893, p. 127} pives record o~ its abundance at St. -126-

BIRDS OF U':'AH

George, Santa Clara and Beaverdam Hou.ntai ns in Hay. It is said to be in and around Kanab. 257 { 704) Demetella carolinensis (Linnaeus). Catbird Synonyms--Mimus carolinensis; Calooscontes carolinensis. Status--Common breeder in the mountains of northern Utah~ Henshaw ·,ivrite s: "The well-known Ca.tbi rd in its extensive ranee inhabits nearly all portions of the West, and in many parts of Utah it3 familiar notes me.y be heard cominp:- from the shrubbery on the outs:;rirts of the to,·ms or even from the garaens. 11 Mr.

Hensha 0iv made collectior:.3 at Provo in July ai.1d Aurust. Mr.Ridg,my

(1877, p. 388) collected it on.the Islands of Great Salt Lake, Parley's Park, and Provo in June and July. Collections have been made near Op:den :from May to September (Merriam, 1872, p. 670; Allen, 1872, p. 165; B. Y. U. Expedit;on, 1926).

258 ( 711) ~exestoma lecontei lecontei La~rence. Leconte Thrasher. Synonyms--Harporhynchus lecontei. Status--Probably a resident in the Lower Sonoran zone of Washington County, but not vAry common. Dr. Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p. 129) writes: "In cov_~hern Utah it 'Nas·found on the west side of the Beaverdam M:ountains almost to the summit of the range, keeping in the tree yucca and ~borescent cactuses with the cactus wren."

259 ( 712) Toxostoma crissale Henry. Grissall ~hrasher. -127-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Synonyms--Harporhynchus crissalis; Red-vented ~hrush. Status--This shy anJ retiring bird is a fairly common resident in the Lower Sonoran zone of Washington County. ~he writer collected three specimens near St. George and danta Clara, December 31, 1926. lJr. :Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p. 130) found it breeding in this region in May. Henshaw (1874, p. 2) writes: "Found breeding, and nest an1 eggs obtained by Dr. Palmer at St. George. Seen by me in the same locality." 260 (713) Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi (Sharpe). Cactus Wren Synonyms--Ca.mpylornhync hus brunneicanillus; Bro·•m-headed Cactus \'iren • Status--Fai rly common in the cactus belts of the Lo·,ver Sonoran zone of south·.vestern Utah. Dr. Merriam and Mr.bailey (Fisher, 1893, p. 131) found it A common breeder in May in the cacti near St. George, Santa Clara, ana ~eaverdam Mountains. Henshaw (1875, p. 128} found it near St. George on October 27,

1872. 261 (715) Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus (Say). Rock Wren. Synonym--Salpinctes obsoletus. sti.tus--Fairly common in suitable localities throup-hout the state. Most abundant in southwestern Utah where it is a resident. Mr. Allen ( 1872, p. 166) reports it as being "abu...vidant in the Wasatch Mountains as fa~ ao,.rn as the first Bench. 11 M:erriam (1873, p. 673) reports collectine nests an1 skins in the ~alt Lake Valley. -128-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Henshaw (1875. p. 181 and 1874. p. 3.) found it at a number of localities in Utah and collected specimens at Gunnison, Septembe·r; and Toquerville. October. It is common in .Yashington County in May (Fisher. 1893, p. 132). Dr. Tanner and the writer have collected it at St. Geor~e in December and have observed it at the Dinasaur quarries near Jensen in July. 262 (717a) Catherpes mexicanus consperaus Ridgway. Canyon Wren Synonyms--Catherpes mexicanus; Catherpes mexicamus, var. conspersus; ~hite-throated Rock Wren. Status--"Rather rare, but generally dist·ributed. Permanent resident" (Henshaw, 1874, p. 2). Mr. Henshaw collected specimens at Toquerville. Dr. Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p. 133) found it among-· the cliffs in the Santa Clara Valley in May. Tanner (1927 MS)

reports collecting it near Hurricane in August. The 11,rriter has collected it near St. George and Santa CJara in Beptember and Dec- ember. 263 (719 part) Thryomanes bewicki eremophilus Oberholser. Desert Wren Synonyms--Tro~lodytes,be~ickii; var. leucogaster; Thryothorus bewickii, var. leucogaster; Thryotherus bewicki bairdi; Baird Wren; Bewick Wren; White-bellied Wren • .3tatus--Not uncommon in the Upper and Lower Sonoran zones of southwestern Utah as a summer and late fall visitant (Henshaw 1875,p. -129-

BIRDS OF UTAH

183 and 1874, p. 3). (Tt may be resident.) Mr. Henshaw collected specimens at Iron City, Toquerville, and Washington in October. Dr. Merriam (Fisher, 1893, p. 134) found it breeding in the Santa Cla.ra Valley in May. Oberholser (1899, pp. i27-229) makes reference to its occurrence in Washington and Iron Counties. 264 (721a) Troglodytes aedon parkmani Audubon. Western House Wren. Synonyms--':ro_g-lodytef a.eden, var. parkmani; Troglodytes aedon, var. pa.rkmanii; Tro.G"lodvtes aedon;·.Parkman i1ren; Parkman House Jren; Wood Wren. Status--�he most abundant of its tribe (Henshaw, 1875, p. 184). Found in both valleys and Mountains throughout the state. It is :e'ound most commonlyin southern Utah during the"winter months. Henshaw (1875, p. 185) and Ridgway (1877, p. 422) found it a common species in the Wasatch mountain region. Many skins &n� eggs were taken. H0nshaw also collected it at Otter Creek in jeptember. The '.Vriter has found it nesting _in the Uinta Mountains and has made collections from OJeber .diver in June and St. George in �eptember and December. Tanner (1927 MS) reports it as a summer visitant to

'"'I St. \,J'eorge. 265 (725c) Telmatodytes palustris plesius (Oberholser). Western Marsh Wren Synonyms--Cistetherus stellaris, part; Cist otherus parlustris, var. pal u1 ic ola; 'I'olmatodytes pal ustris; Lonp:-billed irart,.h Wren; Western Long-billed Harsh 11 ren. -130-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--Aburidant in the marshes throughout the state. (Hen- shaw, 1874, p. 3) • .Allen (1872, p. 166) writes that it is "abundant in marshes everywhere in Salt Lake Valley." Rdigway (1877, p. 425) found it in all marshy localities where existed even a limited ~rowth of tules." He made collections at Deep Creek, Salt Lake Valley, and Parley's Park in June and July. Henshaw (1875, p. 186) made collections at Provo in July, Rush Lake in October, and Toquerville in October. The writer has found it common in the marshes of Bear Lake in June. He has collected it in St. George in

September and December and at Provo in October. A nest ana four egf's were taken near Utah Lake April 24, 1927. 266 ( 726b) Certhia familiario mentana Ridgway. Rocky Mountain Creeper Synonyms--Certhis familiaris, var. americana; Certhia familiaris; Brown Creeper. Status--Not common, but eenerally distributed as a summer visitant to the pine forests. In the winter it performs a partial migration to the timbered portion of the lower valleys, or to the lower ea~e of the coniferous belt (Ridiway, 1877, p. 418). Mr. Ridgway found it fairly common in the .Vasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Dr. Nelson (1874, p. 343) writes that it was an abundant breeder in the northern Uinta Uountains in June and July. Henshaw (1874, p.3 reports its occurrence in the state. The writer has observed it in the Western Yellow Pine Belt of Cedar Mountain in August. He has recox-d of its occurrence in Provo from November to l!arch. It was -1~1-

BIRDS OF UTAH seen often on the Uinversity Campus and became rather tame. One specimen ·;,;as captured with a small insect net. 267 ( 727c) Sitta carolinensis nelsoni Uearns. Rocky Mountain Nuthatch Synonyms--Sitta carolinensis, var. sculeata; Bitta carolinensis Slender-billed nuthatch. Status--Fairly well distributed in Utah, but not very common. Summer resident in the co·n::ierous belts of the mount&ins and a winter visitant to the low.er valleys. Ridgway (1877, p. 179) found it spar~ngly in t~e ijasatch and Uinta Mountains. Henshaw (1874, p. 3)found it in Utah but rer-2..raea it as rather rare. Dr. Tanner collected t~o specimens in the Uinta Mountains in July. From November to March it is found in Provo. The writer also observed

,. it in St.George in Decel'!l ber and on Cedar Mountain in AufUst. He collected one skin at Sand Dunes, Uillara County, Beptember 18, 1926. 268 (728) Sitta canadensis Linnaeus. Red-breasted Nu-thatch Synonym-- ..1.ed-bellie a lJutha tc h Btatus--Inhabits about the same localities as does the S.c. nelsoni. Probably less numerous. Ridgway (1877, p. 415) writes: "Being stirctly a pinicoline species, this Nuthatch was observed in abundance only on the Sierra. ~fovada., being_ comparatively rare on the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, ·.vhile none were seen in the interven- -132-

BIRDS OF UTAH

ing region. 11 One specimen ·.vas observe a on the Brigham Young University campus on November 28 and again on April 7. 2 69 ( 7 30) Sitta py{"maea -pypmaea Vigors. ?i~my nuthatch Synonyms--Sitta pygmaea; C~lifornia Nuthatch. Status--:Not comment but fairly 7.ell distribute a in suitable localities throu~hout the state. All of these nuthatches are more or less resiJent and are found in similar habitats. Henshaw

(1875, p. 176) writes: 11 This diminutive species has been found abundant at all seasons in every section visited by the survey." He reports fiLding it rather common at 10,000 feet elevation. No • specific localities in Utah were r~ported. Ridgway (1877, p. 4171 reports its occurrence in northeastern Utah. ~his ~pecies is occasionally seen in Provo during the winter monthE. 270 (733a) Bacolophus inornatus p:riseus )Ridg,Nay}. Gray Titmouse Synonyms--Lonhophanes inoratus; Gray-tufted Titmouse. Status--According to Henshaw (1875, p. 167) this species is a common resident in the pinion ana. scrub cedar ( juniper) se-etions

of central and southern Utah. .A number of specimens were taJrnn at Beavert Cove <~reekt and Iron City in October and November 1871 • . :'he writer has observed what he reparaea as this species at the Sana Dunes, Uillara County, in September. -133-

BIRDS OF UTAH

271 (735a) Penthestes atricapillus septentrionsalis (Harris} . Long-tailea Chickaaee Synonyms--Paru~ septentrionalis; Parus atricapillus, var. septentrionalis; Black-headed ~itmouse; Blackcapped Chickadee. Status--More or less restricted as a resident in northern Utah, particularly in Salt Lake and Utah Vulley. Henshaw found it a common suecies near Provo in July. Captain. ~tansbury (Baird, 1852, p. 316) and (1858, p.30) secured specimens in Salt Lake Valley in 1850 • .Allen (1872, p. 166) found it abundant near Ogaen in September 1871. Ridgway (1877, p. 412) rives breeding record for Provo in July. ~he writer has found this common winter visitant in Utah County. He has also seen it well up the west slope o:e' "Y" near Provo in t~a.rch and has collected it at Hobble Creek in September. 272 ( 738) Penthestes pamboli ~amboli (Rid~Nay). Mountain Chica.dee Synonym--Parus montarus. Status--This actiYe and persistent; insect hunter is fairly common reslaent throughout the state, inhabiting the wooded mountain sectiorr in the summe,r and the lower vaJ:leys duFing the winter. Ridgway (1877, p. 411) reports its occurrence in the

Uinta and ','✓ asatch trountains as a summer visitor. Henshaw made collections at .l!'illmore in November. ':2he w-ri ter has found it a -134-

BIRDS OF UTAH

common species in Utah Valley from November to ~pril. He has taken it at Provo in November and at St. George in December. ~ae species was not common at St. George.

273 (744) Psaltrinarus nlumbeus (Baird). Lead Colored Bush-Tit Syr:onyms--Psaltrir::arus minimus, var. -rlumbeus; Lead-c-olored Titmouse. Status--According to Henshaw (1875, p. 172") the lead-colored '::itmouse is common and reneY-a.lly distributed in suitable localities in Utah. He made collecLions at Iron City and Beaver in October and November. Ridf"·"Vay (1877, p. 414) fou:o.d it near Salt Lake City and at the base of the Wasatch Mountains. Dr. Merriam (jj,isher, 1893, p. 140) found it common on the Beaverdam Hountains in May. '::he writer observed seveJal flocks near St. George and . Santa Clara in December. A number of skins were taken.

274 (746) Auriparus flavicons flavicons (Sendevall). Verdin Synonyms~~Auriparus flavicops: Yellow headed Tit. Status--This species occurs sparingly in the Lower Sonoran zone of .Jashington County as a summer visitant. Dr. Herriam (iisher, 1893, p. 142) i"ouna it nesting near St. George in May. 275 (749) Corthylio calencula calendula (Linnaeus). Ruby-crowned Kinglet Synonyms--Ree;alus calendulus; l1er-ulus calendula; Ref·ulus calendula calendula. • -135-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Status--Fairly common summer visitor to the mountains of the state, and a common migrant through the valleys. It winters sparingly in Santa Clara Valley and Lower Virgin River Valley of Washin~ton County. Henshaw (1874, p. 2) reports it as breeding hi~h up in the mountains. He (1875, p. 164) collected

it at North Creek in September. Tanner (1927 MS( reports collecting it at St. George in March. The writer collected one pair at St. George in December and another at the Sand Dunes of Millard County in September. It was first seen as a sprine migrant in Provo on March 10. 276 (751a) Poliontila caeru.lea obscu.ra Ridgway. ,Vestern Gnatcatc her Status--Only one record available. ]Jr. Merriam and Mr. Bailey (Fisher, 1893, p. 143) report it as breedin~ commonly at

Santa Clara. Valley and .deaveraam I.Tounta ins in May.

277 ( 7 54) Uyadestes tow·nsend i (Audubon). Townsend Solitaire Synonym--1.~yiadestes townsendii. Status--Probaoly a well distributed resident of Utah, but. not very common. It is found in the nigh mountains during the summer and in the lower valleys as a winter visitor. Henshaw (1875, p. 231) collected it at Pine Valley on October 28, 1871. He also c ollectea it at Cove Creek in November. The ·:rrlter

fountl it on the east Uinta Mountains in July. A number of

"' -1'.)6-

BIRDS OF UTAH

half-grmvn young were also seen. One adult was collected. Two specimens were collected at Provo on January 20. The species was observea many times in Provo during the winter months, and one inclividual :Nas seen as late as April?. On M'.arch 20, the writer found it at the summit of "Y" Mountain where there was four or five feet of snow. 278 {756a) Hylocichla fuscescens salicicloa ilidgway. Willow· Thrush Synonyms--':'uraus fuscescens; Wilson's Thrush. Status--Common summer visitant to the Wasatch district of northern Utah, probably also in the Uinta Mountains. Mr. iiidgway (1877, p. 398) found it extremely abundant along the Provo River. It was also seen alonp: the valleys of the Bear and Weber Rivers, farther northward. Henshaw (1875, p. 148) rives additional record of its oo currence throughout the Wasatch re~ion. Paul (1911, p. 18) states that it is the most cofilmon thrush in Utah and that it is . especially common in Salt Lake Valley.

279 ( 758a) Hyloc ichla ustulata s 1:rainsoni (Tschuai) Olive-backed Thrush Synonyms--Turdus swainsoni; 1urdus ustulatus; ~urdus swainsoni i; B.usset-backed T '.~rush; Oregon 'I' hrus h. Btat.us--Fairly common summer visitor in the Uinta and Viasatch Mountains, inhabitinf the thickets of the mountain streams. Ridg- way (1877, p. 397) found it common throuphout the 1/asa+;ch Mountains. -137-

BIRDS OF UTAH

In June and July he made a number of collections of eggs and skins at Parley's ;J?a:ck anu at Cache Valley. Ur. Henshaw (1875, p. 147) regarded it as one of the most characteristic summer birds c:: the ,iasa tch region. The writer found it common at the summit of Daniel's Canyon and also in the Uinta Mountains. Specimens were taken from the Wasatch Mountains. 280 (758c) Hylocichla Uctuata almae Oberholser. Alma Thrush Status--According to F. M.Ghapman (1912, p. 239) and Flor- ence Merriam Bailey (1924, p. 471) this subspecies breeds in the mountains of northern Utah. 281 (759) Hylocichla guttata ~uttata (Pallas). Alaska Hermit Thrush Synonym--Turdus palla.sii, var. nanur; KS;_d~~ ~rf Thrush. Status--This species is inserted upon the authority of Mr. Ridgway (1873, p. 170 and 1907, p. 42). He states that it is found in the Wasatch during the fall of the year. 282 (759a) Hylocichla ~uttatta auduboni (Baird). Audubon Hermit Thrush Synonyms--rurdus pallasi; Turaus guttatus auduboni; Turdus fl'Uttatus audubonii; Turdus pallasii, var. audubonii; Rocky Hountain Hermit Thrush; Audubon Thrush. Status--This exquisite songster is a common summer visitant BIRDS OF UTAH to our higher mountains of northern Utah and probably more or less throughout the state. It seems to prefer the.deeper ravins of the coniferous forests. It is often found associated ~1th the oiive-backed thrush. The writer has collected the two in the sarne locality of the Wasatch Mountains in July. It was found less common in the Uinta Mountains in June. Ridgeway (1877, p. 394) collected one specimen in City Creek Canyon in May. He found it common in the Wasatch and collectw.1 specimens at Parley's Park in Aupust. Allen (1872, p. 165) found it near Ogden in September where he collected one specimen. 285 (761a) Planesticus mi~ratorius propinquus (Ridgway). - Western Robin Synonyms--Turdus mi~ratorius; Planesticus mi~ratorius. Status--Numerous records are given for its occurrence in suitable localities throughout Utah. While it is more or less a resident in the valleys about settlements it is more common in the southern portion of the state during the winter. During the hottest part of the summer it is not uncommon in the higher mountain valleys. On March 13 the writer collected one specimen near the base of 11Y" mountain th8.t contained 361 caterpillars (Noctnniaae larvae); two true-. bugs {Pentitomidae), one grouna beetle (Carabidae) and one spider in its -0rop and gizzard. 284 {767a) Sialia mexicana bairdi Ridgway. Chestnut-backed Bluebird Synonym--Sialia mexicana. -139-

BIRDS IDF UTAH

Status--According to the A.o.w. Check List this species broods mainly in the ~ransition zone in Utah and winters in the southern portion of the state. Dr. Yarrow and 1Jr. Henshaw (18?4, p. 2) collected it at Fish dprings near Kanab in the fall of 1872. Tanner (1927 MS) reports collecting it at St. George, Leeds, and LaVerkin (Washington County) in the spring months. The ·Nriter has found it fairly common at Pine Valley in lr.Uf:"U.St. Ridgway (1894, p. 149) reports it from Kanab. .Anthony (1889, p. 79) found it at Genoa. 285 (768) Sialia currucoides (Beckstein). Hountain Bluebird. Synonyms--Sialia arctica; Sialia macroptera; Long-winged Bluebird. Status--Common summer visitant to the Upper ~onoran and Transition zone throughJut Utah excepting the desert sections. It winters sparingly in southern Utah. 7he writer has seen it· at Parogonah, December 18, and at St. George in December and

Janaury. It returns to dalt Lake and Utah Valleys about th· middle of March. One specimen was. taken at Provo on March 13, 1927. It has been collected in the following localities in the sta~: Salt Lake and Utah Valleys, summer; Uinta Mountains, July; Gunnison, September; Beaver, November; Iron City, October; Sand Dunes, Millard Bounty, September. -140-

BIRDS OF UTAH

ADDITIONS The following species are additions to the main list. Authentic da.ta for them was not secured until after the above had been typed. A. o. U. No. (400) Picoides arcticus, should have been recorded on page 69 between the A. o. U. numbers (396) ana (402a). Otocoris alpestris enthymia should have been placed on page 81 between o. ~- arcticola and o. a. leucolaema. 286 (400) Picoides Arctious (Swainson). Arctic ~hree-toed Woodpecker. Status--According to Dr. C. G. Plummer (Letter, January 7, 1927) this species is found in the mountains of northern Utah as a somewhat rare visitor. Brewster (1888, p. 255) also givea record of its occurrence in the state.

287 ( 474) Otocoris alpostris enthymia Oberholser. Sa~katchewan Horned Lark. Status--An occasional winter visitor to Utah. Oberholser (1902 p. 820) and iiidgway (1907 p. 508) give record o:r one specimen taken at Santa Clara during the winter. -141-

BIRDS OF UTAH

HYPOTHETICALLIST

1 (204) Grus americana (Linnaeus). .·l, Whboping Grane ~ .._·;. ,\ Status--Several fishermen of Utah Lake have reported seeing this magnificent and rare bird on the shores of that lake. They report seeing five individuals during the fall migratior. of 1919. While the data is not conclusive, it is probable that these birds have ,occasionally visited this region in limited numbers during migration.

2 ( 289) Colinus virginianus vir~inianus (Linnaens). Bob-White £ynonym--Ortyx vireinianus 3tatus--The Bob-~hite was introduced into Salt Lake and Utah Valleys in 1870. (Allen, 1872, p. 17). ~heee birds did fairly vvell for awhile, but were not sufficiently protected and finally all disappeared. No report has been given of them since 1900. 3 (310) Meleagris gallopavo merriami Nelson. Merriam Turkey Synonym--lf.eleagris gallopavo Status--~he only suggestion of this species being in our state is the record of Dr. E. W. Nelson in his account of the birds found in the northern Uinta Mountains. We writes: "The hunterB told of Beeing large birds sometimes, which look like turkey:!!, running through the woods." Dr. Nelson thought that -142-

BIRDS OF UTAH

HYPOTHE�ICAL· LIST possibly this specie� was therQ. Later investigation has failed to cooberate this assumption.

4 ( 312) Columba fasciata fasciata Say Band-tailed Pigeon Status--This species is exceedingly m.r e and possibly ex- tinct as far as its occurrence in Utah is concerned. Johnson (1879, p. 150) reports it as breeding in dalt Lake Valley. �he A. o. U. Check List (1910,p. 147) and Henshaw (1915, p. 36-7) made reference to its being in Utah. Its oc currence in the �tate at the present time is very doubtful. 5 ( 324) GymnOfYPS californianus (Shaw) California Vulture Synonyms--Cathartes cali:::ornianus; Pseudo g:ryphus californianus Status--Ascribed to Utah in the reports of H. w. Henshaw (1875, p. 428 and 1874, p. 10). He writes: "A very large vulture seennear Beaver, Utah, november 25 (1872) was believed to be of this species. In company with a flock of Red-headed Vultures, it had been feeding upon the carcass of a horse, and as they all made off at my anproach, I was enabled to note the comparative size of the two; the bird supposed to be this species greatly -143-

BIRDS OF UTAH

HYPOTHETICAL LIST

exceeding the others in size." No other reports are given of its occurrence within the state. 6 (393d) Dryobates villosus hylosconus Cabanis & Heine Cabanis Woodpecker Status--�he A. O. U. Check List (1910, p. 186) reports this as occurring in southern Utah. ':'hus far the ,,vriter has been entirely unable to confirm this record. The .i3ureau of Biological Survey (Letter, April 23, 1927) is of the opinion that it aces not occur in Utah. In the absence of a specimen, or until fu rther records are supplied, this record should be questioned.

7 (467) 3�piaonax minimus Baird. Least �lycatcher Status--.According to Mrs. ilorence Merriam Bailey (1924, p. 2Gl) this species is a casual visitor to Utah. I am unable to -fi:µd any original rec or'.1 of its having been taken in the state. Until further records or specimens can be secured the species should be questioned. 8 (495a) M:olothrus ater obscurus ( Gmelin) Dwarf Cowbird Status--Recorded as a summer visitant to the Virgin �iver -144-

BIRDS OF UTAH

HYPOTHETICALLIST

Valley, Utah by Tanner (1927 MS). In a list of the biras· of that section he lists this species and fails to list the prevailing species o:f the state, M. a urtemisia.e. Without the specimen at hand the species may be questioned. 9 ( 558) Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin} White Throated Sparrow Status--This species is recorded in the A. o. U. Check List (1910, p. 262) as a casual visitor to Utan. Bailey (1924, ~- 536) and Coues (1903, p. 438) gives a similar record. A,,3 yet the ·Nriter has been unable to verify these reports. The Biological Survey (Henderson, April 23, 19.27, Letter) has no record of its having been ob~erved or taken in Utah.

10 (724) Cist0thorus stella.ris (Licht.) Short-billed Marsh Wren Synonyms--Possibly an accidm1ta.l visitor to northern Utah. Henshaw (1875, p. 185) gives the only record of its occurrence in. the state. He ,.vrites: nwhile at Provo, Utah, vve received undoubted evidence its existence in the marshes of the river ...... Al- though no individuals ',vere actually captured, the nest and eggs •,vere seen which had been secl.lred in this locality. 11 '.:'his evidence neea cooberative proof. •' -145- • BIRDS OF UTAH

SVM:MARY From the foregoing aata the birds occurring in Utah may be ~roupea into the followinr, classes:

Resident ...... 126 Humber founa in the same territory throurh-

out the year...... 69 Number regarded as breeding within the

state ...... 225 Winter visitors •.•.•.•••....••..•....•...•• 30 Species only of casual occurrence .•...... • 27

1tigrants ...... ·...... 17 Species occurring only in the Lower Sonoran zone of Washington, County ..... ; .••.•.• 14 This summary is presented only as g,n estimate of the number of birds occurring in the state at different seasons of the year. It is riven only in the form of a suggestive estimate because the data on many of the Utah species is too meaeer and some of it too indefinite to justify a definite division. In making the summary there has been an overlappin~. For example: If the species was of casual occurrence ana also }movm to breed in the state it has been placed in both columns. -146-

BIRDS OF UTAH

When the available aata seems to show that a species is fauna somewhere in the state throughout the year, it has been classifiea as a resident bird. l;rany of these forms are truly migratory, occurring in northern Utah in the summer and in the Lower Sonoran zone during the winter. The migrant biras are those which only pass through Utah on their ,journey to or from their breec1inr r-rounas. Of the species occurring only in the Lo·.,.,er .:lonoran zone of Washington County, some few of them are resident, ~hile others are there for but a brief stay auring the summer. Of the total of 287 species of birds credited to the State the writer has seen the living birds or skins of 222 of them. rhe data for the remaining 65 species has been secured from literature of earlier collectors. -147-

BIRDS OF U':'AH

BIBLIOGRAPHY

List of Publications Relating to Utah Ornithology

~he authorsr names are arranged alphabetically. Under each author the year of publication and title are ~iven. Occasionally brief .explanatory notes are added to make more clear the scope and character of a book or paper when such is not apparent from the title.

Abert, J. J.

1845 Fremont's First & Second Expedition of 1842-3-4. Report of the Explorinp: Expeditions to the Rocky l.!ountains in the year 1842 an1 to Oregon ana North California in the years 1843-'44, by Brevet Cantain J. C. Fremont, Printed

by or'.1er of the U. S. Senate. Washiniston: Gales and Seaton, Printers. Aldous, Harry 1927 Personal Communication. ~llee, PrJf. W. C. 1926 Some Interesting Animal Communities of Northern Utah •

• Scientific ~onthly, Dec. 1926, pp. 481-495 • .Allen, J. A. 1872a Notes of an Orinthological Reconnaissance of Portions of

Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. Bulletin of the -148-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Uuseum of Comparative ::::..oology. Harvard College, Cam bridge, Hassachusetts. Vol. 3, no. 6, pages 165-173. 1872bA list of Birds from Ogden, Utah. American Nationalist, Vol. 6. Anthony,

1889 Proc. Cal. Acad. Science, p 79. Recora is given of the occurrence of Sialis mexicana bairdi in Utah.

A. O. U.,

1910 Check-List of north American Birds, Third Edition, pp 1-430. Prepared.by a ·committee of the american Ornithologists' Union. New York: American Ornithologists' Union. Bailey, lP. U. 1924 Handbook of �irds of the Western United States. Revised

Edition, pp 1-590. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1927 Personal Communication. Baird, Spenser F. 1852 Appendix C-�oology, pp 307-379 of Exploration and Survey

of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake Including a Recon noissance of a New Route Throur-h the Rocky Mountains by Captain Howard Stansburry. Printed by order of the U.S. Senate. Philadelphia; Lippincott, Grambo & Co. 1858 Reports of Explorations an� Surveys, to Ascertain the Uost -149-

BIRDS Ol U':'AH

Practicable and Economical Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made un·3er the direction of the Secretary of War, in 1853-6, According to Acts of Congress of March 3, 1853, May 31, 1854, and Aup:ust 5, 1854. Vol. Ii: Part II General .tleport Upon the toology of the Several.Pacific liail�oad Routes. P 1-1005. 1872 Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections -181- Review of . .American Birds in the l,ruseum. Part I 1864-1872 Ppl-478. Beal, F. E. L. i918 Food Habits of The Swallows • .A �amily of Valuable Native Birds. u. S. Dept. of Agr.Bul.No.619, pp 1-28. Bent, Arthur Cleveland,

1919 Life Histories of North American Divir.6 .:3irds. Order Pyr-oriodes Smithsonian Institution, U.S.Nat.l.!useum Bul. 107, ppl-245 with 55 plates, 12 of ·.vhich are colored. Washington: Gov 1 t Printing Office. 1921 Life Histories of North .d.merican Gulls and '.2erns. Order LonriT)ennes Smithsonian Inst. u.S.Na.t.Museum. Bul.113,

pp 1-345 '.vith 93 plates, 16 of which are colored. ·1✓ash ington: Gov't Printing Office. 1922 Life Histo-ries of North American Petrels and Pelicans and Their �llies. Orders Tubinares and Steganopodes -15Q-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Smithsonian Inst. U.S.Nat.Museum. Bull 121,pp 1-343 with 69 pl�tes. Washington: Gov't Printinr Office. . .. 1923 Life Histories of North American Wild Fov·vl. oraer. Anseres (Part). Smithsonian Inst. U.S.Nat. Museum. Bul. 126, pp 1-250 with 46 plates. Washin�ton: Gov't. Printing Office.

1925 Life Histories of North American Wild .l!1 owl. Order Ansers (Part). Smithsonian Inst.U.S.Hat.Huseum,Bul.130, pp 1-376 with 60 platos. �ashington: Gov't.Printing Office 1926 Life Histories of North American Ma.rsh Birds. Orders Odonteplossae, Herodiones, and Paludicolae. Smithsonian Ins�. U.S.Nat.rnuseum. Bul.No. 135,pp 1-490 with 98 plates. Washington: Gov't. Printing Office. Bre'.vster, 1888 The Ank Vol. V, p. 255. Reference is given of Picoides arcticns being in Utah. Bureau of Biological Survey,

1927 Personal Communication. Chief E. W. Nelson and Associate Chief, W.C.Henderson, have been most courteous in send ing me considerable unpublished dat� from the files of the Department. -151-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Chapman, irank M. 1912 Color Xey to North American Birds, pp 1-356, including 800 dra·ivings., New York: D • .Appleton & Co. Cook, Wells W. 1912 Distributi-on and Mipration of North American .:lhore Birds. u. S. Dept. of Agr. Biological Survey, Bul. No. 35 Revised, pp 1-100. Washington: Gov't. Printing Office. Coues, 1874 Birds of the North-�est. 190::5a Key to North American Birds. Vol. I, JHfth Edition, pp 1-535. Boston: Dana Estes & Company. 1903b Xey to North American Birds, Vol. II, ?ifth Edition, pp 537-1152. Boston: Dana Estes & Co. Court, Ea. J. 1908 �reganza Blue Heron. The Ank, Vol. IlV No. 3, pp 291-296. �his contains the original description of Ardea hero1ias tre�anzai, type locality Egg Island, Great Salt Lake. Dickey, D. R. 1927 Personal Communication reporting examination of Afelaics phoenicens fortis. ' -152-

BIRDS OF U':'AH

iisher, A.K.

1893 The Death Valley Expedition. u. cl • ..,;ept. o:' Agr. Div-

i~ion of Ornithology ana lJa:nmalogy, Nor-th Am. lau..Yla,

No. 7. A Biological durvey of Parts of California, Nevaaa, ..ci.rizona, ana Utah. Part II, pp 1-158. Washing- ton: Govrt. Printing Office. Dr. C. Hart Merriam ana Ur. Vernon ....Bailey spent from 1-!ay 11th- 15th, 1891 in Washington County ana made

a record of 73 species and subspecies cf birds collected or observed. Goodwin, Rev. s. H. 1904 White Pelican Nesting at Utah Lake. The Condor Vol. VI p 126. Gosa, 1891 Birds of Kansas, p. 12. This contains a breedinf record of the horned ~rebe (Colymbus aurtius) for Oeden, Utah. Henshaw, R. W.

1874 An annotated List of the Birds of Utah. Fromthe annals of Ne~ York Lyceum of Natural History, Vol. xr. Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West -153-

BIRDS OF UTAH

of 100th Meridian. First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler Corp~ of Engineers, in charge. Salem: Printed at the oa1em Pre3s. This i~portant paper gives record of 214 gpecies occurring in the State.

1875 Report of Explorations & Surveys 1iest of the one Hun-

dredth Meridian Vol. V, ioology. Ch. III. Report upon the Ornithological Collections made in Portion of Nev., Utah, Calif., Colo., n. Mex., and Ariz. During the years 1871-2-3-4.pp 133-507, fifteen colored plates. First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler in charge. iashington: Gov't. Printing Office. Uore than 600 skins were made representing 165 species between Salt Lake City and St. George from July to Uec. 1872.

1913 ?ifty Common Birds of farm & Orchard. ?armers' Bulletin

No. 513. pp 1-31. ,Vashington: Gov't. Printing Office.

1914 Birds of Town & Country. National Geographic Hay . pp 494-531 1915 American Game i3irds. National Geographic. August pp 105-158. Hoffman, W. J • ...01881 Annotated List of the Birds of Nevada. pp 203-256.

Gives reports of some of Ridgway'3 & Renshaws Collections in Utah. -154-

BIRDS OF UTAH

Knight. Wilbur C. 1902 The Bird~ of Wyoming. ~,yarning Experiment Station. Bul.

No. 55. University of Wyoming. pp 1-173, including a number of plates. rteference is made to the bird life in the Uinta Mountains. Johnson. 1879 Breedinp. record of the Band-tailed Pigeon in the Salt Lake Valley. Osprey I, p. 150.

Law, J. E. 1925 i!'irst Government Report on Returns from Banded Birds.

Condor Vol. XXVII, p. 42. A record is given of a Snowy Egret Banaed in Utah. Mc.Atee, w. L. 1922 Local Suppression cf:. Agreicultural PP-3ts by Birds, from the Smithsonian ~eport for 1920, pp 411-438, ~ith 3 :plates. Merriam, C. Hart 1872 Bird~. Sixth Annual Report of the u. s. Geological Survey of the 'Terri torie~ Embracing Portions of Hontana, Idaho, ~yarning, and Utah; Being a Report of Progrese of the Explorationsfor the year 1872 by F. V. Hayden, Geo-

logist. Part III Special Reports on Zoology & Botany pp 670-715. Jashington: Gov't·Printing Offic~. Oberholser, Harry C. -155-

BIRDS OF UTAH

1899 A tlevision of the Wrens of the Genus Thryonanes pp 421-250 Vol. 21, 1899.

1902 Revision of the Larks of the Genus Otocoris Proceedings

of the u.s.national Museum, Vol. 24, p 801-883, Washington: Gov't. Printing Office. 1911 A Revision of the forms of the Harry Woodpeckers (Dryobate:"I villosus) Proceedings of the U.S.Nat.Museum, Vol. 40, pp 595-621. Washington: Gov't.Printing Office. 1912 A Revision of the .J:Pormsof the ladder-backed woodpeckers (Dryobates scalaris) Proceedings of the U.S.Nat.Uuseum Vol. 41 pp 139-159. 1913 A Revision of the Forms of the Great Blue Heron (Ardea berodias). Proceedingg of the U.S.Nat.Museum, Vol. 43, pp 531-559. Washington: Gov't Printing Office. 1914 A Monograph of the Genus Chordeiles Swainson, Type of a

New Family of Goatsuckers pp 1-123. Smithsonian Inst.u. s. Nat.Uuseum, Bul. 86. Washington: Gov't.Print:Lng Offic, 1919 Glimp5es of Desert Bird Life in the Great Basin. From the Smithsonian Report for 1919, pp 355-366, Publication No. 2605. Washington: Gov't.Printing Office. Palmer,

1916 Record of the Caspian Tern in Utah. Condor Vol. XVIII -156-

BIRDS OF UTAH

pp 115-117. Paul, J.H. 1911 Out of Doors in the West pp 1-256. Salt Lake City: Press and Hindery of Skelton Publishing Company. Plummer, C.G. 1927 Personal Communication. Ridgway, iiobert 1873 Bulletin Essex Institute, Vol. 5, pp 171-173. A record of the Batchelder woodpecker in Utah. 1875 Bulletin E3~ex Institute, Vol. 7, pp 34. A record of the Batchelder woodpecker in Utah. 1877 Geological ~xploration of the iortieth Parallel, Pro- fe~sional Papers of the Engineer Department, U.S.Army.

No. 18 Made by Order of· the Secretary of War. According to Act~ of Congress of March 2, 1867, and March 3, 1869. Clarence Kinp, Geologi~t, in charge. Vol. IV, Part II. Washington: Gov't Printing Office. Mr. Ridgway made important collections throughout Northern Utah in the summer of 1869. 1894 The Auk, Vol. XI, p 149 Record is made of the occurrence of Sialia mexicana bairdi in Utah. 1900 Manual of North American .dirds .i!'ourth H:aition, pp 1-653, -157-

BIRDS OF UTAH

also, 124 Plates, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co. 1901 . Birds of North and 1.Hddle America. Part I .l!.,amily

Fringillidae, Jul.50, pp 1-715, also 20 plates. Jash- ington: Gov't. Printing Office.

1902 Birds of North & lTiddle American. Part II iamilies ~ana~ridae, Icteridae, Coerebidae, and niotiltidae, Bul. 50, pp 1-834, also 22 plates.

1904 Birds of North & Middle America Part III. Fifteen • Familie3 represented. pp 1-801, also 19 plates.

1907 Birds of North & Middle America Part IV, Vol. 50. Ten Families Represented, pp 1-973, also 34 plates. Washington: Gov't. Printing Office.

1911 Birds of North & !,fiddle American Part V, Vol. 50. Seven

Families Represented, pp 1-859, ilso 33 plate~.· ~ashington: Gov't., Printinp Office.

1914 Birds of North & Middle America Part VI, Vol. 50, T-:.relve Families Represented pp 1-882, also 36 plates. Washington: Gov't. Printing Office. 1916 Birds of North and Middle America Part VII, Vol. 50. Families Cuclidae, Columbidae, and Psittacidae, pp 1-543, also, 24 plates. 1Jashington: Gov't. Printing Office. -158-

BIRDS OF UTAH

1919 Birds of North and Middle �merica Part VIII, Vol. 50, Fourteen Families Represented, pp 1-852, also 34 plates. Washington: Gov't. Printing Office. Smithsonian Institution, U. S. National Kuseum, 1927 Personal Communication 7vith Dr. W.C. Richmond, .n.sso'Jiate Curator, llivision of Birds. Stevenson, 1871 Preliminary Report, U. S. Geol., �urvey of the �erritories for 1870. The wri+,er has not haa access to this publication, but has had extracts from it. Sugden, J. w. 1925 Purple Gallinule in Utath. Condor vol. XXVII p 210. Tanner, Vasco M. 1g24 An Unique Blackbird. Corder Vol. Y..XVI pp 192-193. 1927 Notes on Birds Collected in the Virgin River Valley of Utah. Uanuscript. Treganza, A. o. 1912 A Record of t'.'.:w Rocky Mountain Screech Ovvl in Utah.. Ologist Vol. 29, p 263. Utah State iish and Game Commission. -159-

BIRDS OF UTAH

1926-1927 Personal Communication with Commissioner D. H. Hadsen. Van Ro~sen, A. J. 1924 Personal Communication reporting a collection of Agelaiu~ nhoenicens nevaaenius from Washington, Utah. Jetmore~ Alexander 1918 The Duck Sickness in Utah. Profeseional Paper, u. s. Dept. of Agr. Bureau of Biol. Survey, Bul. 672. p 1-26. Washington: Gov't. Printing Office. 1921 Wild Ducks and Duck Food of the Bear River !,rarshes, Utah • . . Professional Paper, u. S. Dept. of Agr., Bureau of Biol. Survey, Bul. No. 936, pp 1-20. ~ashington: Gov't. Printing Office. 1923 Migration Records From ,Hla Ducks and Other Birds Banded in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah. Professional Paper, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau oi Biol. Survey, Bul. No. 1145, pp 1-16 Washington: Gov't. Printing Office. 1924 Food and Economic Relations of North American Greebes. Professional Paper, u. s. Dept. of Agr., Bureau of Biol. Survey, Bul. 1196, pp 1-24 ,iashington: Gov't. Printinp Office. f -160-

BIRDS OF UTAH

1925 Food of American Phalaropes, Avocets, an1 Stilts. Pro-

fessional Paper, u. S. Dept~ of A?r ., Bureau of Biol. Survey, Bul. no. 1359, pp 1-20. Washington: Gov't.

Printing Office •

• -161-

nmE:1 TO cm.rroN UAMES.

Avocet. . • • . . . . . • • • • 41 Duck, Black . . • . . . . • • 20 Bittern, .American • . . • . . • 34 Duck, Blue-winged Teal •... 22 Blackbird, Brewer ••..... 90 Duck, Buffle-head . . • • 29 Blackbird, Great Basic Red-wing 88 Duck, Butter-ball . . .. 29 Blackbird, San Diego Red-wing. 88 Duck, Canvas-back •••... 26 Blackbird, Sonoran Red-wing .. 87 Duck, Cinnamon Teal .•... 23 Blackbird, Thick-billed Red-wing 88 Duck, Gadwall ...... 20 Blackbird, Yellow-headed •••• 87 Duck, Green-head.- . . . . • • 19 Bluebird, Chestnut-backed .•• 138 Duck, Green-,ivinr·ed '.2eal • • • 21 Bluebird, Mountain. . . . 139 Duck, Lesser Scaup •..... 27 Boboli~k...... • . 86 Duck, Mallard •.•....• 19 Bob-~hite ...... ••• 141 Duck, Pintail ...... •. 24 Brant, Black. . . • • . 32 Duck, Re ahead . . • • . • 25 Bunt inp-, Lark • ...... • 109 Duck, Ring-neckea •••••• 28 Bunting, Lazuli . . . . . • 109 Duck, Rud ay . • • . . . • . • 30 Bush-tit, Leaa Colored. . . 134 Duck, ShovFller. . ... 24 Catbird ...•.....•.. 126 Duck, Surf Sooter . . • • 30 Chat, Long-tailed .•.•.•• 122 Duck, Nhi te-·.7ine-ed Seater .• 29 Chickadee, Long-tailed ••••• 133 Due k, Woon . . • . • . . • • . 2 5 Chickadee, Mountain .••.••. 133 Eae-le, .American ••.••.•• 60 Comorant, Double-cre~ted •..• 17 Eagle, Ba1a .••..••••. 60 Comorant, Parallone ....••• 17 Eagle, Golden ..••...• 59 Coot, American...... 39 Egret, American ....•... 35 Cowbird. • ...... • . • . 86 Egret, Sno~y ..•.•...• 36 Cowbird, Dwarf. • • • • . . . . 143 Falcon, Prairie ...... 60 Cra:ne, B ro7m. . . • • • . . . • . ;37 Finch, Black •....•..• 93 Crane, Sandbill .•••••••• 37 1inch, Cassin I)urple. . . • . 91 Crane, :/hooping ..•.••••• 141 1inch, Gray-crowned ..•.•. 93 Creeper, Rocky Mountain. • . • • 130 7inch, Hepburn Rosy ..••• ,92 Crossbill, Bendier •.•.•.• 91 Finch, House .•..•.... 90 Crossbill, Rea. . . . • . . • • 91 Flnch, Pine ••••..•.•. 9E Cro~sbill, White-1.vingea ..••• 92 Flicker, Red-shafted .•.•• 7C Crow, Western .•• ~ .••.•• 85 ?lycatcher, Ash-throated .•• 7E Cuckoo, California. . . • • . • . 66 Flycatcher, Black Phoebe ... 77 Curle~, Long-billed .•..•.• 50 Flycatcher, Hammond...••. 79 Dipper Bird ••.•••..••• 124 Flycatcher, Least ••....• 14 Diver, Great Northern •••.•• 13 Flycatcher, Olive-sided •••. 77 Dove, Western Morninr .••••. 55 Flycatcher, Say Phoebe. . 77 Dowitcher, Long-billed ..•..• 43 Flycatcher, S:raill ..•.•• 7S Duck, American Golden-eye ...• 28 Flycatcher, Vermillion ...• BC Duck, American Scaup ••••••. 27 Flycatcher, ~estern .•••. 7E Duck, Baldpate •.•..•.•• ~l Flycatcher, Western ~ood Pewee7E Duck,Barrow Golden-eye •...•• 28 Flycatcher, ~right ••.••. 8C -162-

INDEX TO COMMOHNAMES

Fool-hen ••••••••••••• 53 Humrningbird,Black-chinned ••• 73 Gallinule, Purple. • • • • • • • ~9 Hurnrningbird,Broaa-tailed •.•• 74 Gnatcatcher, Western • • •• 135 Hummingbird, Calliope ••••• 74 Godwit, Marbled ••••••••• 46 Hummingbird, Costa .•••••• 73 Golden-eye, American •••••• 28 .Hummingbird, Rufus ••••••• 74 Golden-eye, Barrow .••••••• 28 Ibis, Bronzed. • . • ·• • • . • 33 Goldfinch, Arkansas •••.••• 94 Ibis, White-faced Glossy •••• 33 Goldfinch, Jreen~backed •.••• 94 Ibis, White ..•••••••• 33 Goldfinch, Pale ••••••••• 93 Ibis, Wood. ...•....•. 34 Goshawk. • • • • • • • • • • • • 58 Jay, Bl~ck-headed •••.••• ~3 _Goose, Canada •••••••••• 31 Jay, Long-crested ••••.•• 83 Goose, Rose •••••••••.• 31 Jay, Pinion •.•••••.•• 86 Goose, Snow. • . • • . • 30 Jay, Rocky Mountain. . 84 Goose, Jhite-frontea. . • . 31 Jay, Woodhouse .•.••.••• 83 Grosbeak, Black-heade3 •••••• 108 Junco, Gray-hea'.led ••••••• 10: Grosbeak, Pine •••••••••• 90 Junco, Oreron. • . • • • • • • 10: Grosbeak, .Jest em Blue. . ... 108 Junco, Pink-sided ..••••• 10: Grosbeack, Jestern Evening ••• 90 Junco, Shufeldt .••••••. 10: .Grebe, Eare a. . • . • • • • . • 12 Junco, Slate-colored. • •. 10: Grebe, Horned •••••••••• 12 Killdeer. . • • • • • ••• 50 Grebe, Pied-billed .•••.••• 13 Kingbird ••.••••.•••• 75 Grebe, Western ••.••.••. 12 King bi rd, A.rkansa.s. • • • • • • 7 5 Grouse, Columbian Sharp-tailed. • 54 Kingbird, Ca~sin •••••••• 76 Grouse, Dusky ••••.••••• 53 Kingfisher, Belted. • • • .66 Grouse, Gray Ruffed ••••••• 54 ·Kinglet, .r.. uby-cro·,vned. • • 13, Gull, Bonaparte. • • • • ,• • • • 15 Lark, Desert liorne1 ••••.• 81 Gull, California •.•••••• 14 Lark, Hoyt Horned. • • • . • • 81 Gull, franklin •••••••••• 15 Lark, Pallid Horne a...... 81 Gull, Ring-billed ••.••••• 14 Lark, Saskatchewan ..••••• 141 Gull, Sabine. • • . • • • 15 Leucosticto, Black ••••••• 93 Hawk, Bullet. • • • • • • • • • 57 Lot>n, Common. • • • • • • • • .13 Hawk, Cooper. • • ••.•••• 57 Magpie. • • • • • •· • • • • • • 82 Hawk, Desert Sparrow ••••.•• 62 Martin, Purple ••••••••• 11( Hawk, Duck. • • • • • • • • • • • 61 Meado·,vlark, ,vestern •••••• 89 Hawk, i!1erruginous Rough-legged •• 59 1.'.Terganser, American ••••••• 18 Ha 1J1.1k , 1!,i sh • • • • - • • • • • • • • 6 2 1.~erganser, Hooded. • • •• • • 19 Hawk, Marsh ••••••••••• 56 Merganser, Red-breasted •.•• 19 Hawk, Pireon •••••••••• 61 Mockingbird, ,'Jestern .••••. 12: Hawk, Richardson Pigeon ••••• 61 Mud-hen •••••••••••• 39 Hawk, Rou?h-legged ••••.••• 59 Nighthawk, Howell ••••••• 72 Hawk, Sharp-shinned. . • • ••• 57 Uif'hthawk, Pacific.· • • • • • 72 Hawk, Swainson. • • • • .•• 58 Night hawk, Texas. . . • • • • • 7 2 Hawk, Ne stern Gos •••••••• 58 Nirhthawk, .lestern ••••••• 71 Hawk, .1e~tern Red-tailed ••••• 58 Nuthatch, Pigmy •••••••• 13 Heron, Black Crowned Nip-ht •••• 36 Nuthatch, Red-breasted ••••• 13: Heron, Great White. • • • • • • .35 Nuthatch, Rocky Mountain •••• 13 Heron, Pallid Great Blue ••••• 35 Nute racker, Clarke. . • • • • • 85 -163-

INDEX TO COMMONNAMES

Oriole, Bullock •• . . • • • • • 89 Sandpiper, Spoted •••••••• 49 Oriole, Scott ••• ••••• S9 San apipe r , West e rn • • • • • • • • 4 5 Osprey ••••••••••••• 62 Sandpiper, ,Je stern Solitary • • 47 Ouzel, Water •••••••••• 124 Sapsucker, Rea-naped. • •••• 69 Owl, Barn. • • • • • • • • • • • 63 Sapsucker, Williamson •••••• 69 o·.vl, Burrowing. • • • • • • • • 65 Sooter, Surf •••••••••• 30 Owl, Long-earned •••••••• o3 Seater, ;vhi te-winged •.•••• 29 Owlt Pif-'my •••••.•••••• 65 Shela rake ••••••.••••• 18 Owl, Rocky Mount a in de reec h. • • 63 Shrike, Great Northern ••••• llf Owl, Short-eared .••••••• 63 Shrike, ,foite-rump~a •••••• lH Owl, Snowy ••••. ·•••••• 64 Siskin, Pine •••••••••• 95 Owl, Western Horne a. . • . . . . 64 • Snipe, Jack ••••••••••• 42 Partridge, Hunr-:arian •••••• ~2 Snipe, Wilson •••••••••• 42 Pelican: White~ ~ ••••••• 17 · Snowbird, Black ••••••••• lOJ Pe71ree, ,Vestern ,iooa ••••••• 78 Solitaire, Townsend ••••••• 13f Phainopepla •••••••••• 114 Sparrow, Drewer .•••••••• 10( Phalarope, Northern ••••••• 40 Sparrow, .iJesert ••••••••. 1m Phalarope, Wilson •••••••• 40 Sparrow. ..l.iesert Song-. • • • • .10~ Pheasant, Ring-neck •••••• 54 Sparrow, English •••••••• 95 Phoebe, Black •.•••••.•• 77 Sparrow, Gambel. • • • • • • • • 98 Phoebe, Say •••.••••.•• 77 Sparrow, Lincoln. • •••••• 10/ Pigeon, Band-tailed ••••••• 142 Sparrow·, JJerrill Song. • • • • • lOf Pine-hen •••••••••••• 54 Sparrow, Mountain Song-. • • • • 10~ Pipit, · American. • • • . • .124 Sparrow, Nevada 3avannah •••• 97 Plover, Snowy ••..•••••. 51 Sparrow, Sage. • . • • • • . • • 10~ · Plo-v-er, Upland ••••••••• 48 Sparrow, Slate-colored Fox •.•.•• 101 Poor-will •••••••••••• 71 Sparrow, Swamp. ·.••••••• 101 Quail, Arizona ••••••••• 52 3parrow, \,estern Ohippinf •••• 10! Quail, California •••••••• 52 Sparrow, .Vestern Gras3hopper •• 97 Quail, Desert ••••••.••• 52 Sparrow, Western Lark .••••• 98 Quail, Gambel. • • • • • • • • 52 Sparro·.iv, Western Savannah •••• 96 Rail, Clapper •••••••••• 37 Sparrow, Western ?ree •••••• 99 Rail, King ••••••••••• 37 Sparrow, Western Vesper •••• 96 Rail, Sora ••••••••••• 38 Sparrow, \Jhite-crowned ••••• 98 Rail, Virginia ••••••••• 37 Sparrow, ,ihite-throated ••••• 14• Rail, Yellow •••••••••• • 38 Spoonbill, Roseate. • • • • • • ::33 Raven, Western ••••••••• 84 Sprigtail •••••••••••• 24 Redstart, American ••••••• 123 Stilt, Black-neckea ••••••• 42 Road Runner •••••••••• 65 Swallow, Bank. • • • • • • • • .11; Robin, ~estern ••••••••• 138 Swallow, .Barn. • • • • • • • • .11: Sage-hen •••••••••••• 55 Swallow, Cliff. • • • • • • • • 11: Sandpiper, Least ••••••••• 44 Swallow, Northern Violet-green. 11: Sandpiper, Pectoral ••••••• 44 Swallo~. Rouph-~ingea •••••• 11: Sandpiper, Red-backed. • ••• 45 Swallow, Tree. • • • • • • • • .11: Sandpiper, Semipalmatea ••••• 45 Swan, Whistling ••••••••• 32 ... -164-

nmn TO COMMON.NAMES •

Swift, White-throated. . • . • . .72 Waxwing, Bohemian. • • . . . 114 Tanager, Louisiana. • • . • • • • 110 Waxwing, Cedar. . • . • . . 114 Tanager, Western. . • • . . • • . 110 Widgeon, American. . • • . • 21 Tattler, Bartram. . • • • • . • • 48 Willet, Western. • • . • • • 48 real, Blue-winged. . . . • • • • .22 Wren, Cactus. . . • . . . • .127 Teal, Cinnamon. . . . • • . • . • 23 \',ren, Canyon. • . • • . . • .126 Teal, Green-'.vin?e J • . . . . • • . 21 Wren, De5ert. . • ...... 129 Tern, Black. . • • • • • • • . • 16 Nren, Parkman. • • . • . • . 129 Tern, Caspian, . . • . • • • • • .16 flren, Rock. • • . . • . • • .127 Tern, For~ter. • ...... • • 16 Wren, Short-billed l!arsh • . .144 Thrasher, Crissal. . . • . . . • • 126 Wren • .Vel:'ltern House. . . . . 129 Thrasher, Leconte. . . . • • . . .126 Wren, 1'./estern Marsh. . . . . 129 Thra5her, Sag-e. • • • • • . . . .125 Woodpecker, Arctic Three-toed 140 Thrush, Alaska, Hermit. . • • • • 137 Woodpecker, Batchelder. . . .68 Thruish, Alma . . . . • . . • . . .137 Wood-pecker, Cabanis. . . . . 143 'I' hrua h, Audubon Hermit...... 137 ,loo dpecke r, Cactus...... 68 Thrush. Grinnell \fat er. • . . . . 121 W::iodpecker. Lewis • . . . . . 70 A Thrush, Olive-backed. • • . . • • 136 iVoodpecker, Red-headed. . . .69 Thrueh, Red-vented...... 121 Woodpecker, Rocky MountainHairy 6~ '.(hrush, Willow. • • • . . . • • • 136 Woodpecker, 1thi te Breasted. .67 'Titlark. 124 Yellow-legs, Greater. .46 . r, • • • . • • • • • • • . • . ':'itmouee, \:rray. . . . . • . . 132 Yellow-leg;:;. Lesl!!er • . . . • 46 Towhee .Abert. • . . . . • . . . . 107 Towhee, .A.retie. • ...... • . 106 Towhee, Green-tailed. . . . . • • 107 Towhee, Spurred. • . . . • . . . 107 Turkey, Merriam. . • • ...... 141 Verdin. . . . • • • • . • • • • • 134 Viree,Cassin ••••••..••• 116 Vireo, Plumbeu~ •••••••••• 117 Vireo, Red-eyed •••••••••• 116 Vireo, Western Warbling •••••• 116 Vulture,. California •••••••• 142 Vulture, Turkey •••••••••• 56 .,., Warbler, Audubon. • • • • • • • .120 Warbler, Blackburnian ••••••• 121 Warbler, Black-throated Gray ••• 121 ~Varbler, Cala.ve ras. • • • • • • • 118 Warbler, Lucy •••••••••.• 117 Warbler, MacGillivray ••••••• 121 Warbler, Orange,cro.,,rned •••••• 118 Warbler, Pioleatea •••••••• 123 Warbler, Virginia. • •••••• 117 Warbler, Western Yellow. • • • • .119 Warbler, Western Yellow-throatea. 122