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Parliamentary Library Wa
Premiers of Western Australia PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY WA PREMIERS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA The Fast Facts on the Premiers of Western Australia THE FIRST PREMIER THE LONGEST THE ONLY PREMIER THEOFTHE FIRST WESTERN FIRST PREMIER PREMIER OF PREMIERSHIP IS HELD BY TO DIE IN OFFICE IN AUSTRALIAWESTERNOF WESTERN AUSTRALIA WAS SIR SIR DAVID BRAND WHO WA WAS GEORGE JOHNWASAUSTRALIA SIRFORREST JOHN FORRESTINWAS 1890 SIR. SERVED FOR 11 YEARS: LEAKE. HE DIED OF JOHN FORRESTIN 1890. IN 1890. 2 APRIL 1959 - 3 MARCH PNEUMONIA ON 24 1971 JUNE 1902. THE YOUNGEST THE SHORTEST WA PREMIER IN WA WAS PREMIERSHIP IS HELD JOHN SCADDAN AGED 35 BY HAL COLEBATCH YEARS WHO HELD OFFICE WHO SERVED FOR ONE BETWEEN 1911 AND 1914. CALENDAR MONTH IN 1919. THE ONLY PREMIER TO HE WAS ALSO THE ALSO BE A GOVERNOR OF ONLY PREMIER WHO WESTERN AUSTRALIA WAS A MEMBER OF WAS SIR JAMES MITCHELL. THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. THE LONGEST WA THE OLDEST PREMIERSHIP IS HELD BY PREMIER IN WA WHEN SIR DAVID BRAND WHO SWORN IN WAS JOHN SERVED FOR 11 YEARS IN TONKIN AGED 69 YEARS 1971. IN 1971. THE ONLY FATHER THE FIRST WOMAN AND SON PREMIERS IN PREMIER IN WA AND WA WERE SIR CHARLES AUSTRALIA WAS COURT AND RICHARD CARMEN LAWRENCE COURT. FROM 1990 TO 1993. November 5, 2013 History Notes: Premiers of Western Australia Premiers of Western Australia “COURTESY TITLE” Premier’s Role: ‘first among equals’ When Western Australia first commenced responsible The Premier is the Head of Government of the State in Western government in 1890 the word Australia with executive power that is subject to the advice of the premier was merely a courtesy Cabinet. -
Pollination of Cultivated Plants in the Tropics 111 Rrun.-Co Lcfcnow!Cdgmencle
ISSN 1010-1365 0 AGRICULTURAL Pollination of SERVICES cultivated plants BUL IN in the tropics 118 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO 6-lina AGRICULTUTZ4U. ionof SERNES cultivated plans in tetropics Edited by David W. Roubik Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa, Panama Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations F'Ø Rome, 1995 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-11 ISBN 92-5-103659-4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. FAO 1995 PlELi. uion are ted PlauAr David W. Roubilli (edita Footli-anal ISgt-iieulture Organization of the Untled Nations Contributors Marco Accorti Makhdzir Mardan Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Cascine del Ricci° Malaysian Bee Research Development Team 50125 Firenze, Italy 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Stephen L. Buchmann John K. S. Mbaya United States Department of Agriculture National Beekeeping Station Carl Hayden Bee Research Center P. -
34. Anglican AA 104 .TAMES, Sir Waiter Hartwell (1863-1942), Lawyer and Politician ---- Walter James Was the Son of a Perth Publican
34. Anglican AA 104 .TAMES, Sir Waiter Hartwell (1863-1942), lawyer and politician ---- Walter James was the son of a Perth publican. He became a lawyer and political activist. In the 1880s he was a stalwart of the Liberal Association, an organisation Which aimed to create a more egalitarian society by destroying the elite clique of certain families that had ruled the colony for many decades. Waiter James was a founder of the W.A. Football Association at a time when football was the sport of the working classes. He became the spokesman of the workers during the 1890s in d1e Perth City Council and as MLA for East Perth. From 1894 he supported John Forrest's programs of public works and land settlement, but insisted that "roads and bridges were not enough". He worked in Parliament for votes for women, worker's compensation, early shop dosing, legalisation of trade unions and the establishment of an arbitration court. He was minister without portfolio in the short-lived government of George Leake. When Leake died in 1902, Waiter James had sufficient personal support to form his own government that was committed to social reform. The james government accomplished the first reforms for mental health care and the treatment of prisoners. ln addition, James supported state enterprises including the establishment of state hotels. His main concern was to reduce the power of the conservative Legislative Council. Predictably, the Upper House defeated his reform proposals. Tn the 1904 elections, the new Labor Party and the remainder of the Forrest Party defeated Waiter james and his supporters. -
Reproductive Biology of the Sausage Tree (Kigelia Africana) in Kruger National Park, South Africa
KOEDOE - African Protected Area Conservation and Science ISSN: (Online) 2071-0771, (Print) 0075-6458 Page 1 of 7 Short Communication Reproductive biology of the sausage tree (Kigelia africana) in Kruger National Park, South Africa Authors: Kigelia africana has large flowers that are vertebrate pollinated and very large fruits that are 1 Jah Namah likely to be vertebrate dispersed. Our field surveys of size–class distributions ofK. africana in Jeremy J. Midgley1 Laurence M. Kruger1,2 the southern Kruger National Park (KNP) suggest a lack of recruitment. This is possibly the result of a failure of mutualistic relationships with vertebrate dispersers and/or pollinators. Affiliations: Breeding system experiments indicated that K. africana is an obligate out-crosser. Despite 1Department of Biological being primarily adapted for bat pollination, in KNP that K. africana is presently mainly Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, pollinated by a diversity of largely facultatively nectarivorous bird species. Fruit-set is high, South Africa although trees isolated by > 50 m were found to suffer depressed seed output. Our preliminary investigation of dispersal suggests that fruits are largely ignored and are thus weakly 2Organisation for Tropical attractive to potential dispersers. Seedlings placed out in the field in KNP suffered high levels Studies, Skukuza, South Africa (> 50%) of mortality compared to 17.5% in control plots. This threefold difference is the result Corresponding author: of herbivory over a 2-month period. In summary, the adult centric population structure is Jeremy Midgley, probably not because of pollen or seed limitation but may result from dispersal limitation or [email protected] excessive herbivory. -
Kigelia Pinnata (Jacq.) DC
Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC. Bignoniaceae LOCAL NAMES Afrikaans (worsboom); Arabic (abu shutor,um shutur,um mashatur,abu sidra); Bemba (mufungufungu); English (sausage tree); Fula (jilahi); German (Leberwurstbaum); Hausa (rawuya); Igbo (uturubein); Lozi (mufungufungu,muzungula,mPolata); Luganda (mussa); Lunda (ifungufungu,mufunofuno); Nyanja (chizutu,mvula); Swahili (mvungunya,mvungwa,mwegea,mwicha,mvungavunga); Tigrigna (mederba); Tongan (muzungula,muVeve); Yoruba (pandoro) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION K. pinnata in Kabalega Falls National Park, Kigelia africana is a medium to large tree, up to 25 m in height, with a Uganda. (Patrick Maundu) dense rounded crown; bark grey, generally smooth in large specimens, flaking in thin, round patches. Leaves opposite, crowded near the ends of branches, compound, with 3-5 pairs of leaflets plus a terminal leaflet; leaflets oblong, up to 6 x 10 cm, leathery, roughly hairy on both surfaces, rather yellowish-green above, paler green below, apex broadly tapering to rounded; base square, asymmetric in the lateral leaflets, symmetric in the terminal leaflet; margin entire, sometimes obscurely toothed, wavy; the lower leaflets shortly petiolulate, the terminal pair without petiolules; petiole up to 15 cm long. Fruit (Trade winds fruit) Flowers striking, dark maroon with heavy yellow veining on the outside, cup shaped, asymmetric, up to 15 cm across the mouth, unpleasant smelling; in 6- to 12-flowered, lax, pendulous sprays up to 90 cm long. Calyx shortly tubular with 2-5 ribbed lobes; corolla widely cup shaped with 5 broad spreading lobes; stamens 4, slightly protruding beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; ovary 1-chambered. Fruit very unusual, sausage shaped, up to 1 m x 18 cm, greyish-brown, heavily dotted with lenticels, indehiscent, heavy, weighing up to 12 kg, containing a fibrous pulp in which are embedded many seeds. -
Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
'Mightier Than the Sword': the Life and Times of Sir John Waters Kirwan
‘Mightier than the Sword’: The Life and Times of Sir John Waters Kirwan (1866-1949) By Anne Partlon MA (Eng) and Grad. Dip. Ed This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University 2011 I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not been previously submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. ............................................................... Anne Partlon ii Table of Contents Abstract iv Acknowledgements v Introduction: A Most Unsuitable Candidate 1 Chapter 1:The Kirwans of Woodfield 14 Chapter 2:‘Bound for South Australia’ 29 Chapter 3: ‘Westward Ho’ 56 Chapter 4: ‘How the West was Won’ 72 Chapter 5: The Honorable Member for Kalgoorlie 100 Chapter 6: The Great Train Robbery 120 Chapter 7: Changes 149 Chapter 8: War and Peace 178 Chapter 9: Epilogue: Last Post 214 Conclusion 231 Bibliography 238 iii Abstract John Waters Kirwan (1866-1949) played a pivotal role in the Australian Federal movement. At a time when the Premier of Western Australia Sir John Forrest had begun to doubt the wisdom of his resource rich but under-developed colony joining the emerging Commonwealth, Kirwan conspired with Perth Federalists, Walter James and George Leake, to force Forrest’s hand. Editor and part- owner of the influential Kalgoorlie Miner, the ‘pocket-handkerchief’ newspaper he had transformed into one of the most powerful journals in the colony, he waged a virulent press campaign against the besieged Premier, mocking and belittling him at every turn and encouraging his east coast colleagues to follow suit. -
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potentials of Kigelia Pinnata Root Oil and Extracts
EXCLI Journal 2011;10:264-273 – ISSN 1611-2156 Received: October 24, 2011, accepted: November 23, 2011, published: November 30, 2011 Original article: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS OF KIGELIA PINNATA ROOT OIL AND EXTRACTS Olubunmi Atolani*1, Stephen O. Adeyemi 1, Essiet Akpan1, Charles B. Adeosun1, Gabriel A. Olatunji2 1 Atolani Olubunmi, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 3005, Redemption Camp, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria * corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]; Tel; +2348034467136 ABSTRACT The chemical composition of Kigelia pinnata root oil extracted with n-hexane was analyzed by GC/GCMS. The antioxidant potential of the oil was compared to that of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the root. UV and IR spectroscopic techniques were used to carry out par- tial characterization of the oil and extracts. The free radical scavenging activity by spectro- photometric assay on the reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was examined while the total antioxidant activity (TAA) and relative antioxidant activity (RAA) were com- pared with standard antioxidant, α-tocopherol. The antioxidant activity (which correlated with the total phenolic content of the extracts) was assumed to be from the total phenolic content of the extracts. TAA was found to be higher in methanol extract (at 0.25 mg/mL). We hereby report for the first time the major component of the oil from the root of Kigelia pinnata to be elaidic acid (56.12 %). It is a reported toxicant which thereby underscores the risk in the use of the plant in traditional therapies. -
By-Elections in Western Australia
By-elections in Western Australia Contents WA By-elections - by date ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 WA By-elections - by reason ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 By-elections due to the death of a sitting member ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 Ministerial by-elections.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Fresh election ordered ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Seats declared vacant ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 WA By-elections - by electorate .......................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Forest Tree Persistence, Elephants, and Stem Scars1
BIOTROPICA 36(4): 505±521 2004 Forest Tree Persistence, Elephants, and Stem Scars1 Douglas Sheil and Agus Salim Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia ABSTRACT Sixteen percent of tree stems 10 cm diameter or greater recorded in seven 1 ha plots in Rabongo Forest, Uganda had stem damage attributable to elephants (Loxodonta africana). We propose four strategies that may help tree species persist under these conditions: repellence, resistance, tolerance and avoidance. We sought and found evidence for each strategy. Large, shade-tolerant Cynometra alexandri dominated basal area (often .50%) and showed severe scarring. Nearly 80 percent of stems were small pioneer species. Scarring frequency and intensity increased with stem size. Stem-size distributions declined steeply, implying a high mortality to growth rate ratio. Tree species with spiny stems or with known toxic bark defenses were unscarred. Epiphytic ®gs escaped damage while at small sizes. Mid-successional tree species were scarce and appeared sensitive to elephants. Savanna species were seldom scarred. Taking stem size- effects into account by using a per-stem logistic modeling approach, scarring became more probable with slower growth and with increasing species abundance, and also varied with location. Pioneer and shade-bearer guilds showed a de®cit of intermediate-sized stems. Evidence that selective elephant damage is responsible for monodominant C. alexandri forests remains equivocal; however, elephants do in¯uence tree diversity, forest structure, and the wider landscape. Key words: African semi-deciduous rain forest; bark damage; Cynometra alexandri; herbivory; Loxodonta africana; monodominant; species richness; succession; tolerance; Uganda. TREE DAMAGE CAUSED BY ELEPHANTS (LOXODONTA AF- size, is long-lived (Sheil et al. -
Premiers of Western Australia?
www.elections.wa.gov.au Information sheet State government Premiers of Western Australia? Rt. Hon. Sir John Forrest (afterwards Lord) PC, GCMG 20 Dec 1890 – 14 Feb 1901 Hon. George Throssel CMG 14 Feb 1901 – 27 May 1901 Hon. George Leake KC, CMG 27 May 1901 – 21 Nov 1901 Hon Alfred E Morgans 21 Nov 1901 – 23 Dec 1901 Hon. George Leake KC, CMG 23 Dec 1901 – 24 June 1902 Hon. Walter H James KC, KCMG 1 July 1902 – 10 Aug 1904 Hon. Henry Daglish 10 Aug 1904 – 25 Aug 1905 Hon. Sir Cornthwaite H Rason 25 Aug 1905 – 1 May 1906 Hon. Sir Newton J Moore KCMG 7 May 1906 – 16 Sept 1910 Hon. Frank Wilson CMG 16 Sept 1910 – 7 Oct 1911 Hon. John Scaddan CMG 7 Oct 1911 – 27 July 1916 Hon. Frank Wilson CMG 27 July 1916 – 28 June 1917 Hon. Sir Henry B. Lefroy KCMG 28 June 1917 – 17 Apr 1919 Hon. Sir Hal P Colebatch CMG 17 Apr 1919 – 17 May 1919 Hon. Sir James Mitchell GCMG 17 May 1919 – 16 Apr 1924 Hon. Phillip Collier 17 Apr 1924 – 23 Apr 1930 Hon. Sir James Mitchell GCMG 24 Apr 1930 – 24 Apr 1933 Hon. Phillip Collier 24 Apr1933 – 19 Aug 1936 Hon. John Collings Wilcock 20 Aug 1936 – 31 July 1945 Hon. Frank JS Wise AO 31 July 1945 – 1 Apr 1947 Hon. Sir Ross McLarty KBE, MM 1 Apr 1947 – 23 Feb 1953 Hon. Albert RG Hawke 23 Feb 1953 – 2 Apr 1959 Hon. Sir David Brand KCMG 2 Apr 1959 – 3 Mar 1971 Hon. -
Kigelia Africana (Syn
id3356234 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com Kigelia africana (syn. Kigelia pinnata) (Bignoniaceae) English: Sausage tree, cucumber tree, African sausage tree French: Saucissoner German: Leberwurstbaum African vernacular names: Shona: Impfungvani, muvete, muzangula, vunguti Suahili: Mwegea Zulu: Umgongoti, umzingulu The plant A small, spreading tree with pendulous racemes of dull liver coloured flowers and a long stalked large gourd-like fruit. It is widely grown in the tropics and is introduced in India. The species exhibits a range of features. Earlier several species were thought to exist but now only one is recognized with the name Kigelia africana. The fresh fruit cannot be eaten because it causes blisters in the mouth and on the skin. Therefore it is said to be toxic. Plant parts used The fruits, the roots, the wood, the bark of the stem, the bark of the roots, the leaves Constituents roots wood leaves The , the and the have been investigated chemically. They contain naphthoquinones, dihydroisocoumarines, flavonoids and aldehydic iridoids. Among the naphthoquinones kigelinole, isokigelinole, pinnatal and isopinnatal were isolated (1). roo bark ß From the t and its the usual plant substances stigmasterol, -sitosterol, ferulic acid, the naphthoquinones lapachol, 6-methoxymellein and two new phenolic compounds could be isolated. °C, molecular formula C Kigelin is the main component of the plant, (mp 144 H ). A minor °, molecular formula C 12 14 one, (mp 76.-.77 11H12O4) was commonly referred as 6- methoxymellein (4). In a special investigation the attributes of two cyclopenta-c-pyran aldehydes were determined: 1) Sonovoburtinal, a yellow compound, subliming at ambient temperature, molecular formula C9H6O2.