Exploding Myths
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Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling in Greenland: the Case of Qeqertarsuaq Municipality in West Greenland RICHARD A
ARCTIC VOL, NO. 2 (JUNE 1993) P. 144-1558 Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling in Greenland: The Case of Qeqertarsuaq Municipality in West Greenland RICHARD A. CAULFIELD’ (Received 10 December 1991; accepted in revised form 3 November 1992) ABSTRACT. Policy debates in the International Whaling Commission (IWC) about aboriginal subsistence whalingon focus the changing significance of whaling in the mixed economies of contemporaryInuit communities. In Greenland, Inuit hunters have taken whales for over 4OOO years as part of a multispecies pattern of marine harvesting. However, ecological dynamics, Euroamerican exploitation of the North Atlantic bowhead whale (Buhem mysticem),Danish colonial policies, and growing linkages to the world economy have drastically altered whaling practices. Instead of using the umiuq and hand-thrown harpoons, Greenlandic hunters today use harpoon cannons mountedon fishing vessels and fiberglass skiffs with powerful outboard motors. Products from minke whales (Bahenopteru ucutorostrutu)and fin whales (Bulaenopteru physulus) provide both food for local consumption and limited amountsof cash, obtained throughthe sale of whale products for food to others. Greenlanders view this practice as a form of sustainable development, where local renewable resources are used to support livelihoods that would otherwise be dependent upon imported goods. Export of whale products from Greenland is prohibited by law. However, limited trade in whale products within the country is consistent with longstandmg Inuit practices of distribution and exchange. Nevertheless, within thecritics IWC argue that evenlimited commoditization of whale products could lead to overexploitation should hunters seek to pursue profit-maximization strategies. Debates continue about the appro- priateness of cash and commoditization in subsistence whaling and about the ability of indigenous management regimes to ensure the protection of whalestocks. -
University of Copenhagen Faculty Or Humanities
Moving Archives Agency, emotions and visual memories of industrialization in Greenland Jørgensen, Anne Mette Publication date: 2017 Document version Other version Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Jørgensen, A. M. (2017). Moving Archives: Agency, emotions and visual memories of industrialization in Greenland. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 08. Apr. 2020 UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN FACULTY OR HUMANITIES PhD Thesis Anne Mette Jørgensen Moving Archives. Agency, emotions and visual memories of industrialization in Greenland Supervisor: Associate Professor Ph.D. Kirsten Thisted Submitted on: 15 February 2017 Name of department: Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies Name of department: Minority Studies Section Author(s): Anne Mette Jørgensen Title and subtitle: Moving Archives. Agency, emotions and visual memories of industrialization in Greenland Topic description: Memory, emotion, agency, history, visual anthropology, methodology, museums, post-colonialism, Greenland Supervisor: Kirsten Thisted Submitted on: 15 February 2017 Cover photography: A table during a photo elicitation interview, Ilulissat April 2015 ©AMJørgensen 2 CONTENTS Pre-face 5 Abstract 7 Resumé in Danish 8 1. Introduction 9 a. Aim and argument 9 b. Research questions 13 c. Analytical framework 13 d. Moving archives - Methodological engagements 16 e. The process 18 f. Outline of the Thesis 23 2. Contexts 27 a. Themes, times, spaces 27 b. Industrialization in Greenland 28 c. Colonial and postcolonial archives and museums 40 d. Industrialization in the Disko Bay Area 52 3. Conceptualizing Memory as Moving Archives 60 a. Analytical framework: Memory, agency and emotion 61 b. Memory as agency 62 c. Memory as practice 65 d. Memory as emotion 67 e. -
Tourism & Quality of Life in Greenland
Tourism & Quality of Life in Greenland: Exploration through Farm Stays in South Greenlandic Settlements Naja Carina Steenholdt & Daniela Chimirri Studies of how the development of industries impacts resident quality of life in Greenland have largely focused on fisheries and mining, neglecting the emerging tourism industry in the country. In this article, we aim to contribute to the reduction of this gap within academia and praxis by exploring how the developing tourism industry in South Greenland interrelates with resident quality of life in this area. Based on the lack of existing academic literature and public awareness within tourism and quality of life in South Greenland, we investigate the relevance of the tourism industry, specifically farm tourism, effect on resident quality of life. Through a small-scale exploratory case study of farm stays in South Greenlandic settlements, we aim to create an understanding of how resident quality of life and farm tourism interrelates. By applying the bottom-up spillover theory as theoretical frame, we investigate whether generated income from farm tourism can contribute to people’s state of wellbeing, but also that there is more to wellbeing than “just” money. Based on generated data, our study concludes that there is a close interrelation between farm tourism and resident QoL in South Greenland. Subsequently, we argue that there are relevant grounds in a larger perspective for further research within the field of tourism and QoL in Greenland. Introduction The increasing amount of debates in Greenland, centering on economic growth, reflects the widespread acknowledgement of its essentiality for the welfare state as such as well as on the way to independence from Denmark. -
SYDGRØNLAND En Foreløbig Strategisk Miljøvurdering Af Kulbrinteaktiviteter I Den Grønlandske Sektor Af Labradorhavet Og Den Sydøstlige Del Af Davis Strædet
SYDGRØNLAND En foreløbig strategisk miljøvurdering af kulbrinteaktiviteter i den grønlandske sektor af Labradorhavet og den sydøstlige del af Davis Strædet Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi No. 29 2012 AARHUS AU UNIVERSITET DCE – NATIONALT CENTER FOR MILJØ OG ENERGI [Tom side] SYDGRØNLAND En foreløbig strategisk miljøvurdering af kulbrinteaktiviteter i den grønlandske sektor af Labradorhavet og den sydøstlige del af Davis Strædet Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi No. 29 2012 Redaktører: Morten Frederiksen1 David Boertmann1 Fernando Ugarte2 Anders Mosbech1 1Aarhus Universitet, Institut for Bioscience (AU) 2Grønlands Naturinstitut (GN) AARHUS AU UNIVERSITET DCE – NATIONALT CENTER FOR MILJØ OG ENERGI Datablad Serietitel og nummer: Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 29 Titel: Sydgrønland Undertitel: En foreløbig strategisk miljøvurdering af kulbrinteaktiviteter i den grønlandske sektor af Labradorhavet og den sydøstlige del af Davis Strædet Redaktører: Morten Frederiksen1, David Boertmann1, Fernando Ugarte2 & Anders Mosbech1 Forfattere: Signe M. Andersen1, Nanette H. Arboe2, Martin Blicher2, David Boertmann1, Erik W. Born2, Tenna K. Boye2, AnnDorte Burmeister2, Daniel S. Clausen1, Rune Dietz1, Michael Dünweber1, Morten Frederiksen1, Rasmus Hedeholm2, Morten Hjorth1, Kasper L. Johansen1, Ole Jørgensen2, Jannie F. Linnebjerg1, Flemming Merkel1, Anders Mosbech1, Rasmus Nygaard2, Morten T. Olsen1, Lars M. Rasmussen2, Anna Reuleaux1, Anja -
Overview of Hunts and Hunts Observed 1998
Overview of hunts and hunts observed 1998 - 2017 - NAMMCO/CIO/2019-03/06 Country Species / stocks Type of hunt Platform*1 and conditions Dispatching mean Years observed *2 1999-2001*, 2002, Pilot whale drive boats, killing from beach spinal lance 2007, 2012, 2015 Dolphins drive boats, killing from beach spinal lance Faroes shotguns with pellets Harbour porpoise recreational boat cartridges reduction purposes around Grey seal boat/land rifle fish farm Bowhead whale professional 3 boats harpoon cannon Fin whale professional 2 boats or larger boat harpoon cannon 2006 Humpback whale professional 1 boat harpoon cannon 2002, 2004, 2006, Minke whale professional 1 boat harpoon cannon 2011, 2014 minimum 5 skiffs/open motor Minke whale - collective professional rifle 2011 boats Bottlenose whale professional/recreational open motor boats - collective rifle Killer whale professional/recreational open motor boats - collective rifle Pilot whale professional/recreational open motor boats - collective rifle Harbour porpoise professional/recreational open motor boats - collective rifle 2004, 2006, 2014 Dolphins professional/recreational open motor boats - collective rifle open motor boats/kayaks - Beluga (North -Qaanaaq) professional/recreational harpoon and rifle collective open motor boats/kayaks - Beluga (Central) professional/recreational harpoon and rifle collective open motor boats/kayaks - Beluga (South) professional/recreational harpoon and rifle collective open motor boats/kayaks - Beluga (East GL) professional/recreational harpoon and rifle -
Greenland in Figures 2016 13Th Revised Edition · Editorial Deadline: February 2016 Published by Statistics Greenland Tel
Greenland in Figures 2016 Index Greenland · Kalaallit Nunaat 3 Key Figures 5 Population 9 Fishing and Hunting 13 Labour Market 16 Income and Prices 17 Economy 19 Foreign Trade 20 Business 21 Transportation 22 Energy 24 Education and Culture 25 Tourism 27 Health 28 Social Welfare 31 Raw Materials 32 Climate 33 Political Parties in Greenland 35 More Information about Greenland 38 The Largest Island of the World 40 3 Greenland · Kalaallit Nunaat Indigenous people from the North American continent settled in Greenland over 4,500 years ago Since then Greenland has been in- habited by several indigenous peoples Around 1,000 years ago Greenlandic ancestors (the Thule Culture) settled in northern Green- land, whereas Scandinavian Viking settlers arrived in the southern Greenland around the same time Today the country is called Kalaallit Nunaat, which means “the Country of the Greenlanders” Greenland is part of the Kingdom of Denmark that consists of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland However, Greenland is not part of the EU as it withdrew from the union as February 1 1985 fol- lowing a referendum in 1982 Greenland has its own national flag, issues its own stamps, and is part of the Danish monetary and exchange union In 1979, Greenland was granted home rule In June 2009, a bill on self-government was passed following a referendum on the question on November 25 2008 Self-government was established on June 21 2009, 30 years after the introduction of the home rule 4 Qaanaaq Pituffik/Thule National Park Qaasuitsup Kommunia Upernavik Uummannaq -
8 Norwegian Minke Whale Hunt
NAMMCO/EG-TTD/Doc 8 NAMMCO EXPERT GROUP MEETING TO ASSESS TTD DATA LARGE WHALES 4 – 6 November 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark DOCUMENT 8 NORWEGIAN MINKE WHALE HUNT 2011 AND 2012 The Norwegian minke whale hunt 2011 and 2012 Studies on killing efficiency in the hunt Report to the Directorate of Fisheries in Norway, October 2015 By Dr. Egil Ole Øen Wildlife Management Service-Sweden [email protected] Background and brief summary of results Time to death (TTD), Survival time (ST) and Instantaneous death rate (IDR) are terms known to describe how fast hunted whales die and has been used as a tool to measure and quantify the killing efficiency and state of art of killing methods and practices in the Norwegian whaling operations since the beginning of 1980ies (Øen EO, 1995a). Sampling and analysis of TTD data in a standardised manner give possibilities for direct comparisons of killing efficiency between different hunts and also the hunting methods and hunting gears used in the hunts. It has successfully been used in Norway to measure the impact of new developments in the minke whale hunt, modifications of hunting gears, new hunting practices, obligatory training of hunters etc. The NAMMCO Expert Group Meeting in 2010 to assess TTD data and results from whale hunts (NAMMCO 2010) recommended new sampling of TTD data from the Norwegian minke whale hunt (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) where the last data sampling had been carried out in 2000-2003. The Group recommended that TTD data should be collected and analysed with covariates (animal size, shooting distance and angle of harpoon cannon shot, hit region and detonation area) like it had been done from 1981-2002 (Øen EO, 1995, 2003, 2006) in order to check the current status of the hunt. -
Population, Sex Ratios and Development in Greenland
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Sociology Scholarship Sociology 3-2010 Population, sex ratios and Development in Greenland Lawrence C. Hamilton University of New Hampshire, [email protected] Rasmos Ole Rasmussen Roskilde University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/soc_facpub Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Hamilton, L.C., Rasmussen, R.O. Population, sex ratios and Development in Greenland. (2010) Arctic, 63 (1), pp. 43-52. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Scholarship by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARCTIC VOL. 63, NO. 1 (MARCH 2010) P. 43–52 Population, Sex Ratios and Development in Greenland LAWRENCE C. HAMILTON1 and RASMUS OlE RASMUssEN2 (Received 18 February 2009; accepted in revised form 22 June 2009) ABSTRACT. During the 20th century, Greenland society experienced a dramatic transformation from scattered settlements based on hunting, with mostly turf dwellings, to an urbanizing post-industrial economy. This transformation compressed socioeconomic development that took centuries to millennia elsewhere into a few generations. The incomplete demographic transition that accompanied this development broadly followed the classical pattern, but with distinctive variations relating to Greenland’s Arctic environment, sparse population, and historical interactions between two cultures: an indigenous Inuit majority and an influential Danish minority. One heritage from Danish colonial administration, and continued more recently under Greenland Home Rule, has been the maintenance of population statistics. -
Troubled Waters a Review of the Welfare Implications of Modern Whaling Activities
TROUBLED WATERS A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF MODERN WHALING ACTIVITIES Foreword by Sir David Attenborough Edited by Philippa Brakes, Andrew Butterworth, Mark Simmonds & Philip Lymbery TROUBLED WATERS A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF MODERN WHALING ACTIVITIES A report produced on behalf of a global coalition of animal welfare societies led by the World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA). www.whalewatch.org Foreword by Sir David Attenborough Edited by Philippa Brakes, Andrew Butterworth, Mark Simmonds & Philip Lymbery Contributors: Philippa Brakes, Craig Bamber, Kitty Block, Andrew Butterworth, Sue Fisher, Dr D.W. van Liere, Jennifer Lonsdale, Philip Lymbery, Barbara Maas, Andy Ottaway, E.C.M. Parsons, N.A. Rose, Laila Sadler and Mark Simmonds. Project management by WDCS, the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society www.wdcs.org Production Editors: Sheena Bose and Jonathan Owen Cover photo: © Jean Gaumy/Magnum I Published by the World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) © 2004 WSPA ISBN Number: ISBN 0-9547065-0-1 Designed by Lawrence & Beavan Printed by Creasy Flood This book has been sponsored and promoted by the World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) and other animal welfare non-governmental organisations to stimulate and promote public debate on cruelty issues which may arise within whaling operations, to ensure that any unnecessary suffering or cruelty is prevented. WSPA is established as a charitable body in the UK to prevent and alleviate the suffering of animals and believes that current whaling practices often involve unnecessary suffering and cruelty which should be avoided. Hopefully, this work will assist in highlighting those issues so as to enable members of the public to have a more informed view on whaling operations and the potential cruelty to which those operations give rise. -
Greenland in Figures 2019
GREENLAND IN FIGURES 2019 Greenland in Figures 2019 • 16th revised edition • Editorial deadline: May 2019 • Number printed: 1,200 Published by Statistics Greenland • Telephone: +299 34 57 70 • Fax: +299 34 57 90 • [email protected] • www.stat.gl Edited by Bolatta Vahl and Naduk Kleemann, Statistics Greenland Typesetting and graphics by Nuisi • Printed by DAMgrafisk © Statistics Greenland 2019. Quotations from this leaflet are permitted provided that the source is acknowledged. ISBN: 978-87-998113-4-2 EAN: 9788798678786 ISSN: 1602-5709 INDEX 5 Greenland – The world’s largest island 23 Business 6 Politics 24 Business Structure 7 Population 25 Fishing 8 Migration 27 Hunting 9 Deaths and Births 28 Agriculture 10 Health 29 Tourism 12 Families and Households 31 Income 13 Education 32 Prices 15 Social Welfare 33 Foreign Trade 16 Crime 34 Public Finances 17 Culture 35 National Accounts 18 Climate and Environment 37 Key Figures 20 Transportation 39 More Information about Greenland 21 Labour Market Symbols - 0 . Category not applicable 0 Less than 0.5 of the unit used … Data not available * Provisional or estimated figures All economic figures are in Danish kroner (DKK). Qaanaaq Pituffik/Thule National Park Upernavik Uummannaq Ittoqqortoormiit Qeqertarsuaq Ilulissat Avannaata Kommunia Aasiaat Qasigiannguit Kommune Qeqertalik Kangaatsiaq Qeqqata Kommunia Sisimiut Kangerlussuaq Maniitsoq Kulusuk Tasiilaq Nuuk National Park Kommuneqarfik Sermersooq Paamiut Kommune Kujalleq Narsaq Narsarsuaq Qaqortoq Nanortalik 4 GREENLAND The World’s largest Island Greenland is geographically located on the North American continent. In terms of geopolitics, however, it is a part of Eu- rope. 81 per cent of Greenland is covered by ice, and the total population is just about 56,000, on an area 1/6 of Siberia´s. -
Hildur Sólveig Elvarsdóttir-1
Master’s thesis An Approach Towards Sustainable Coastal Tourism Management: Nature-based Tourism in Nuup Kangerlua, Greenland Hildur Sólveig Elvarsdóttir LL.M. in Polar Law Advisor: Marc L. Miller Professor, School of Marine and Environmental Affairs at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA University of Akureyri Faculty of Business and Science University Centre of the Westfjords Master of Resource Management: Coastal and Marine Management Ísafjör!ur, May 2013 Supervisory Committee Advisor: Marc L. Miller, Professor School of Marine and Environmental Affairs at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA Reader: Catherine P. Chambers, PhD Candidate Program Director: Dagn" Arnarsdóttir, MSc. Hildur Sólveig Elvarsdóttir An Approach Towards Sustainable Coastal Tourism Management: Nature-based Tourism in Nuup Kangerlua, Greenland. 45 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of a Master of Resource Management degree in Coastal and Marine Management at the University Centre of the Westfjords, Su!urgata 12, 400 Ísafjör!ur, Iceland Degree accredited by the University of Akureyri, Faculty of Business and Science, Borgir, 600 Akureyri, Iceland Copyright © 2013 Hildur Sólveig Elvarsdóttir All rights reserved Printing: Háskólaprent, May 2013 Declaration I hereby confirm that I am the sole author of this thesis and it is a product of my own academic research. __________________________________________ Hildur Sólveig Elvarsdóttir Abstract This thesis discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with nature-based tourism in Nuup Kangerlua, Greenland. Nuup Kangerlua is a complex fjord system that is home to Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, and Kapisillit, a small village inst in the fjord. The fjord is mostly wilderness where hunting, fishing, recreation activities, tourism, transport, and perhaps soon to be iron ore mining take place. -
The Ecological Effects of Whaling
The Ecological Effects of Whaling Human activities have caused a significant reduction in many marine species. Exploitation by fisheries and whaling industries has caused some species to become extinct or endangered. According to Chapin III and others (2000), “extinction is a natural process, but it is occurring at an unnaturally rapid rate as a consequence of human activities”1. In this section, human impact on whales will be discussed and the relationship between whales and their prey will be explored. Whaling Technology2 A millennium ago, people began to organize large-scale whaling at the Bay of Biscay, located at the open sea of modern France and Spain. In 1860s, rapid development of technology after industrial revolution made numerous technological advancements, including the first modern whaling ship launched in 1863. It was steam-powered and equipped with harpoon cannon. Steam power eased maneuverability and harpoon cannon increased the range and killing power of the whaler and prevented the whales sinking to the bottom of the ocean. In 1925, a Norwegian factory ship was equipped with a platform that allowed an entire whale to be processed at sea. Whaling Statistics3 According to Butman and others (1993), the whaling industry killed more whales between 1860s and 1900s than in the previous four centuries. From 1920 to 1986, over a million of whales were killed by commercial whaling. The Atlantic gray whale is now extinct and the population of humpback whale has been reduced by 95% of its historic population. Overhunting of whales has caused a change in deep-sea biodiversity and the potential ecological consequences are unknown.