2018 Report to Our Members
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THE GEOCHEMICAL NEWS Quarterly Newsletter of the Geochemical Society
THE GEOCHEMICAL NEWS Quarterly Newsletter of The Geochemical Society NUMBER 101 ISSN 0016-7010 OCTOBER 1999 Life Keeps Getting Better - page 19 In this issue: Of Knights and Barons.....................................6 ISSOL ‘99 Meeting Report..............................7 Minutes of the Annual GS Board Meeting.......8 A Portrait of Sir Keith O’Nions A Portrait of Professor Sir Keith O’Nions.....10 Life Keeps Getting Better...............................19 - page 10 Astrobiology: A New Science........................22 Meetings Calendar .........................................23 Goldschmidt 2000 GS Special Publications..................................26 Oxford, U. K. GS Membership Application .........................27 September 3-8, 2000 http://www.campublic.co.uk/science/conference/Gold2000 2 The Geochemical News #101, October 1999 THE GEOCHEMICAL SOCIETY The Geochemical Society is a nonprofit scientific society founded to encourage the application of chemistry to the solution of geologi- cal and cosmological problems. Membership is international and diverse in background, encompassing such fields as organic geochem- istry, high and low-temperature geochemistry, petrology, meteorit- ics, fluid-rock interaction, and isotope geochemistry. The Society produces a Special Publications Series, The Geochemical News OFFICERS - 1999 (this quarterly newsletter), the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochem- istry Series (jointly with the Mineralogical Association of America), PRESIDENT Michael J. Drake, University of Arizona and the journal Geochimica -
Stable Isotope Fingerprinting: a Novel Method for Identifying Plant, Fungal
Ecology, 00(0), 0000, pp. 000–000 Ó 0000 by the Ecological Society of America Stable isotope fingerprinting: a novel method for identifying plant, fungal, or bacterial origins of amino acids 1 THOMAS LARSEN,D.LEE TAYLOR,MARY BETH LEIGH, AND DIANE M. O’BRIEN Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7000 USA Abstract. Amino acids play an important role in ecology as essential nutrients for animals and as currencies in symbiotic associations. Here we present a new approach to tracing the origins of amino acids by identifying unique patterns of carbon isotope signatures generated by amino acid synthesis in plants, fungi, and bacteria (‘‘13C fingerprints’’). We measured 13 amino acid d C from 10 C3 plants, 13 fungi, and 10 bacteria collected and isolated from a boreal forest in interior Alaska, USA, using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Microorganisms were cultured under amino-acid-free conditions and identified based on DNA sequences. Bacteria, fungi, and plants generated consistent, unique 13C fingerprints based on the more complex amino acids (five or more biosynthetic steps) that are classified as essential for animals. Linear discriminant analysis classified all samples correctly with .99% certainty and correctly classified nearly all insect samples from a previous study by diet. Our results suggest that 13C fingerprints of amino acids could provide a powerful in situ assay of the biosynthetic sources of amino acids and a potential new tool for understanding nutritional linkages in food webs. Key words: Alaska, USA; compound-specific stable isotope analysis; d13C; essential amino acids; eukaryotes; gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS); prokaryotes. -
CV Seth Newsome.Pdf
Seth D. Newsome University of New Mexico Associate Professor, Department of Biology Associate Director, Center for Stable Isotopes 190 Castetter Hall Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA [email protected] http://sethnewsome.org Research Interests Animal Ecology, Animal Eco-Physiology, Historical Ecology, Conservation Biology Education 2000–2005 Ph.D., University of California Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA) Earth & Planetary Sciences Department 1995–1999 B.A., Dartmouth College (Hanover, NH) Earth Sciences Department Positions & Professional Development 2018– Associate Professor, Biology Department, University of New Mexico (Albuquerque, NM) 2014– Associate Director, University of New Mexico Center for Stable Isotopes 2013–2018 Assistant Professor, Biology Department, University of New Mexico (Albuquerque, NM) 2009–2012 Post-Doctoral Research Scientist, University of Wyoming (Laramie, WY) Research focused on (1) using compound specific stable isotope analysis to quantify protein routing in mammals, birds and fish; (2) characterizing the ecology of an adaptive radiation in a group of South American songbirds via biochemical, physiological, and genetic tools. Advisors: Drs. Carlos Martinez del Rio and David G. Williams 2006–2009 Post-Doctoral Research Scientist, Carnegie Institution of Washington (Washington, DC) Research focused on (1) development of stable isotope methods to assess ecological niche and eco-physiological variation, foraging specialization, and dispersal characteristics of mammals and birds; (2) human impacts on ecosystem change in Australia and southern California. Advisor: Dr. Marilyn L. Fogel 2000–2005 Ph.D. Candidate, UC-Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA) Research focused on historic and prehistoric ecology of marine mammals, with emphasis on the northern fur seal in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Advisor: Dr. Paul L. Koch 2000 Senior Lab Technician, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley, CA) Managed stable isotope facility and conducted research using isotopic tracers to track fluid and contaminant migration through sediments and groundwater. -
Effect of Cover Crop on Carbon Distribution in Size and Density
Article Effect of Cover Crop on Carbon Distribution in Size and Density Separated Soil Aggregates Michael V. Schaefer 1,2 , Nathaniel A. Bogie 3,4 , Daniel Rath 5, Alison R. Marklein 1,6, Abdi Garniwan 1, Thomas Haensel 1, Ying Lin 7, Claudia C. Avila 1 , Peter S. Nico 6, Kate M. Scow 5,8, Eoin L. Brodie 6,9, William J. Riley 6 , Marilyn L. Fogel 7,10, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe 3 , Teamrat A. Ghezzehei 3, Sanjai Parikh 5 , Marco Keiluweit 11 and Samantha C. Ying 1,12,* 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; USA; [email protected] (M.V.S.); [email protected] (A.R.M.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (T.H.); [email protected] (C.C.A.) 2 Pacific Basin Research Center, Soka University of America, Laguna Hills, CA 92656, USA 3 Environmental System, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; [email protected] (N.A.B.); [email protected] (A.A.B.); [email protected] (T.A.G.) 4 Geology Department, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA 5 Department of Land, Air, and Water Resource, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (K.M.S.); [email protected] (S.P.) 6 Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected] (P.S.N.); [email protected] (E.L.B.); [email protected] (W.J.R.) 7 Environmental Dynamics and GeoEcology Institute, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (M.L.F.) 8 Agricultural -
NASA Astrobiology Institute 2018 Annual Science Report
A National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2018 Annual Science Report Table of Contents 2018 at the NAI 1 NAI 2018 Teams 2 2018 Team Reports The Evolution of Prebiotic Chemical Complexity and the Organic Inventory 6 of Protoplanetary Disk and Primordial Planets Lead Institution: NASA Ames Research Center Reliving the Past: Experimental Evolution of Major Transitions 18 Lead Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology Origin and Evolution of Organics and Water in Planetary Systems 34 Lead Institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Icy Worlds: Astrobiology at the Water-Rock Interface and Beyond 46 Lead Institution: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Habitability of Hydrocarbon Worlds: Titan and Beyond 60 Lead Institution: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory The Origins of Molecules in Diverse Space and Planetary Environments 72 and Their Intramolecular Isotope Signatures Lead Institution: Pennsylvania State University ENIGMA: Evolution of Nanomachines in Geospheres and Microbial Ancestors 80 Lead Institution: Rutgers University Changing Planetary Environments and the Fingerprints of Life 88 Lead Institution: SETI Institute Alternative Earths 100 Lead Institution: University of California, Riverside Rock Powered Life 120 Lead Institution: University of Colorado Boulder NASA Astrobiology Institute iii Annual Report 2018 2018 at the NAI In 2018, the NASA Astrobiology Program announced a plan to transition to a new structure of Research Coordination Networks, RCNs, and simultaneously planned the termination of the NASA Astrobiology Institute -
Erik H. Hauri
Erik H. Hauri Carnegie Institution of Washington Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 5241 Broad Branch Road NW Washington, DC 20015 (202) 478-8471 [email protected] Born April 25, 1966, Waukegan, Illinois Married, 3 children Home Address: 12703 Young Lane North Potomac, MD 20878 (301) 926-8011 B.S. (Honors) 1988, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida Geology, Marine Science double major; Chemistry minor Senior Thesis: "Radiocarbon Stratigraphy of a Native American Settlement on the St. Johns River, Volusia County, Florida" Ph.D. 1992, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography Thesis Title: "Geochemical and Fluid Dynamic Investigations into the Nature of Chemical Heterogeneity in the Earth's Mantle" Ph.D. ADVISORS: Stanley R. Hart, Nobu Shimizu AWARDS AND HONORS Isaac Bashevis Singer Fellowship, University of Miami, Florida, 1984 Outstanding Scholar Award, Department of Geology, University of Miami, Florida, 1988 Phi Beta Kappa, University of Miami, Florida, 1988 Ruth and Paul Fye Award, Best Student Paper, Department of Geology and Geophysics, MIT-Woods Hole Joint Program in Oceanography, 1992 F. G. Houtermans Medal, European Association of Geochemistry, 2000 James B. Macelwane Medal, American Geophysical Union, 2000 Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 2000 Fellow, Geochemical Society, 2015 Fellow, European Association of Geochemistry, 2015 RESEARCH INTERESTS Geochemical evolution of the Earth's mantle, crust and hydrosphere Systematics and evolution of volatiles and stable -
Late Archean Rise of Aerobic Microbial Ecosystems
Late Archean rise of aerobic microbial ecosystems Jennifer L. Eigenbrode*†‡ and Katherine H. Freeman* *Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and †Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015 Communicated by John M. Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, August 30, 2006 (received for review January 18, 2006) We report the 13C content of preserved organic carbon for a 150 zone. Thus, we focus this work on relative water-column depth, million-year section of late Archean shallow and deepwater sedi- and we present kerogen ␦13C data for a well preserved, 150 ments of the Hamersley Province in Western Australia. We find a million-year stratigraphic section from the late Archean, in 13C enrichment of Ϸ10‰ in organic carbon of post-2.7-billion-year- which we distinguish isotopic signatures of shallow versus deep- old shallow-water carbonate rocks relative to deepwater sedi- water sedimentary environments. We specifically evaluate this ments. The shallow-water organic-carbon 13C content has a 29‰ isotopic record after the pronounced depletion in organic 13C range in values (؊57 to ؊28‰), and it contrasts with the less signatures at 2.72 Ga, and we compare it with published isotopic variable but strongly 13C-depleted (؊40 to ؊45‰) organic carbon records from other regions to assess global changes in microbial in deepwater sediments. The 13C enrichment likely represents ecosystems during this important time. microbial habitats not as strongly influenced by assimilation of methane or other 13C-depleted substrates. We propose that con- Results tinued oxidation of shallow settings favored the expansion of Kerogen ␦13C values for 175 samples from a 2.72- to 2.57-Ga aerobic ecosystems and respiring organisms, and, as a result, section in the Hamersley Province, Western Australia, vary isotopic signatures of preserved organic carbon in shallow settings between Ϫ57‰ and Ϫ28‰ (Fig. -
Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2012 to Roberta L
American Mineralogist, Volume 97, page 1816, 2012 Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2012 to Roberta L. Rudnick ALBRECHT HOFMANN Max Planck Institut for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany Friends, Mineralogists, Geochemists, Goldsmiths: than 200 km, and she showed that heat production in those We are here to honor Roberta Rudnick for her contributions cratons is much lower than had been inferred from mantle xe- to our science. noliths in kimberlites. Her work with Shan Gao on the history Roberta’s career and her science have been globe encircling. of decratonization of the North China craton, and the related She started out in Portland, Oregon, went on for a Master’s foundering of mafic crust, have become classics and the basis Degree at one of those places with incongruous names—“Paris, for intense current research. Texas,” comes to mind—well, actually it was “Alpine, Texas,” As a sideline, during past few years she invested quite an ef- all part of United Plates of America, I guess, and ended up with fort to use lithium isotopes as tracers of chemical weathering and a Ph.D. at ANU on the far side. crustal recycling. Lithium is definitely a tricky tracer, because it From there she came to the Max Planck Institute in Mainz, is subject to severe kinetic effects, and her work with her graduate then back to ANU, on to Harvard, where she had the audacity student Teng showed, among other things, that against previous to turn down the tenure offered to her(!), and finally landed at expectations, weathering makes for lighter, rather than heavier the University of Maryland. -
THE GEOCHEMICAL NEWS Quarterly Newsletter of the Geochemical Society
THE GEOCHEMICAL NEWS Quarterly Newsletter of The Geochemical Society NUMBER 100 ISSN 0016-7010 JULY 1999 Digging for the Roots of Geochemistry 9th V.M. Goldschmidt Conference In this issue: Harvard University Cambridge, MA, U. S. A. August 22-27, 1999 Van der Weijden Retires..................................7 Digging for the Roots of Geochemistry..........10 Contact: In Memoriam - Werner Stumm......................16 When Did The Earth’s Atmosphere Become Stein B. Jacobsen Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Oxic? A Reply.....................................20 Harvard University Meetings Calendar .........................................23 Cambridge MA 02138 U.S.A. GS Special Publications..................................26 Phone: 617-495-5233 GS Membership Application .........................27 Fax: 617-496-4387 E-mail: [email protected] (see page 5 for more information) 2 The Geochemical News #100, July 1999 THE GEOCHEMICAL SOCIETY The Geochemical Society is a nonprofit scientific society founded to encourage the application of chemistry to the solution of geologi- cal and cosmological problems. Membership is international and diverse in background, encompassing such fields as organic geochem- istry, high and low-temperature geochemistry, petrology, meteorit- ics, fluid-rock interaction, and isotope geochemistry. The Society produces a Special Publications Series, The Geochemical News OFFICERS - 1999 (this quarterly newsletter), the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochem- istry Series (jointly with the Mineralogical Association of America), PRESIDENT Michael J. Drake, University of Arizona and the journal Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (jointly with the Meteoritical Society); grants the V.M. Goldschmidt, F.W. Clarke VICE PRESIDENT and Clair C. Patterson Awards, and, jointly with the European Michael F. Hochella, Jr., Virginia Polytechnic Institute Association of Geochemistry, the Geochemistry Fellows title; spon- sors the V.M. -
Extending the Frontiers of Science
Summer SS PP EE CC TT RR AA 2000 THE NEWSLETTER OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION Extending the Frontiers of Science Above is the Carnegie Observatories’ official first-day envelope and cancellation for the Edwin P. Hubble commemorative stamps. The envelope features the young Hubble at the 100-inch Mount Wilson telescope. INSIDE: New Board Members ................................................. 2 Fruit Fly Genome Sequenced .................................... 9 Signatures of Life—Carnegie Evening 2000 ........... 3 Algae at the Desert Lab? ............................................. 9 Honoring Hubble .......................................................... 4 Watery Mars ................................................................10 One Little Cell with Lots to Tell................................ 5 New Reading................................................................10 Magellan I Mirror Is In! ................................................ 8 Web Watch...................................................................16 Department of Department of Department of The Geophysical CASE/ Plant Biology Terrestrial Magnetism Embryology Observatories Laboratory First Light LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN Carnegie has been in human diseases. This means that as environments. Ultimately all of this work the business of science scientists learn more about gene function in will help to improve the planet’s long-term for almost one hundred the fruit fly, they will learn more about habitability. years. When we reflect curing illnesses in people. -
Opening New Horizons for Scientific Research
SPE TRA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION (SUMMER 2002 Opening New Horizons for Scientific Research INSIDE Trustee News 3 Telescopes for Biologists? 3 Carnegie Welcomes Three New Trustees 3 [PAGE 7] [PAGE 10] It’s Official! 4 Shocking Experience in Planetary Formation 5 The All-Carnegie Symposium: A Science Sampler 6 Constructing the Earth 7 Energy and Materials for the Start of Life 8 The Evolving Planet 9 The Continuity of Life 10 Broad Branch Road Gets a New Look 11 Forensics, First Light, and Fresh Fields Foods 11 First New Staff Member at Global Ecology 11 In Brief 12 A Gift of Cosmic Importance 16 Capital Science Lectures 2002-2003 16 [PAGE 9] • • • • • • DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT THE GEOPHYSICAL CASE/ OF PLANT OF TERRESTRIAL OF EMBRYOLOGY OBSERVATORIES LABORATORY FIRST LIGHT BIOLOGY MAGNETISM 2) Women in Science How Carnegie Compares Ninety-eight years ago—16 years before women won the right to vote—the fledgling Carnegie Institution awarded its first grant to a woman scientist. Her name was Nettie Stevens. Interestingly, Stevens, a biologist, studied gender differences. Her work revolu- tionized our notion of what determines sex by showing that the X and Y chromosomes are involved, changing conventional thinking that environment was the cause. Since that time, Carnegie has fostered the genius of a succession of extraordinary women—geneticists Barbara McClintock and Nina Fedoroff, embryologist Elizabeth Ramsey, archaeologist Anna Shepard, and astronomer Vera Rubin, to name a few. In 2001, the National Research Council issued a report about women scientists and engineers in the workforce. It caught my eye, and I wondered how Carnegie compared with the national figures. -
Marilyn Fogel CV
CURRICULUM VITAE Marilyn Louise Fogel Wilbur W. Mayhew Chair of Geoecology Director of the EDGE Institute Depts. of Earth Science and Environmental Science University of California Riverside 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521 Phone: 209-205-6743 (cell and office); Email: [email protected]; [email protected] PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION B.S. Biology with honors, The Pennsylvania State University, 1970-1973. Ph. D. Botany and Marine Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas Marine Laboratory, 1974-1977, Drs. Chase Van Baalen, Patrick Parker, and F. Robert Tabita, Advisors. Dissertation title: "Carbon isotope fractionation by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from various organisms." Carnegie Corporation Postdoctoral Fellowship, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1977- 1979, Dr. Thomas C. Hoering, Advisor. PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS Professor, Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, UC Riverside- Sept. 1 to present. Director, EDGE Institute (Environmental Dynamics and Geo-Ecology Institute), Sept. 1 to present. Chair, Life and Environmental Sciences Unit, School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced- July 2013-August 2016. Professor, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced-January 2013- August 31, 2016. Staff Member, Geophysical Laboratory-July 1979 to December 2012. Adjunct Staff Member- January 2013 to December 2013. Adjunct Professor, University of Delaware College of Marine Studies-1989 to 2014. Visiting Staff Member, Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1985-1986. Visiting Researcher, Conservation Analytical Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution-1994 to 1999. Visiting Professor, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College-1995. Research Professor, George Washington University, Dept. of Anthropology-April 1999 to July 2004. Research Fellow, Smithsonian Institution, Environmental Research Center, 2003-2009.