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Estimations of Undisturbed Ground Temperatures Using Numerical and Analytical Modeling
ESTIMATIONS OF UNDISTURBED GROUND TEMPERATURES USING NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL MODELING By LU XING Bachelor of Arts/Science in Mechanical Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, China 2008 Master of Arts/Science in Mechanical Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, US 2010 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2014 ESTIMATIONS OF UNDISTURBED GROUND TEMPERATURES USING NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL MODELING Dissertation Approved: Dr. Jeffrey D. Spitler Dissertation Adviser Dr. Daniel E. Fisher Dr. Afshin J. Ghajar Dr. Richard A. Beier ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Jeffrey D. Spitler, who patiently guided me through the hard times and encouraged me to continue in every stage of this study until it was completed. I greatly appreciate all his efforts in making me a more qualified PhD, an independent researcher, a stronger and better person. Also, I would like to devote my sincere thanks to my parents, Hongda Xing and Chune Mei, who have been with me all the time. Their endless support, unconditional love and patience are the biggest reason for all the successes in my life. To all my good friends, colleagues in the US and in China, who talked to me and were with me during the difficult times. I would like to give many thanks to my committee members, Dr. Daniel E. Fisher, Dr. Afshin J. Ghajar and Dr. Richard A. Beier for their suggestions which helped me to improve my research and dissertation. -
Stable Isotope Fingerprinting: a Novel Method for Identifying Plant, Fungal
Ecology, 00(0), 0000, pp. 000–000 Ó 0000 by the Ecological Society of America Stable isotope fingerprinting: a novel method for identifying plant, fungal, or bacterial origins of amino acids 1 THOMAS LARSEN,D.LEE TAYLOR,MARY BETH LEIGH, AND DIANE M. O’BRIEN Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7000 USA Abstract. Amino acids play an important role in ecology as essential nutrients for animals and as currencies in symbiotic associations. Here we present a new approach to tracing the origins of amino acids by identifying unique patterns of carbon isotope signatures generated by amino acid synthesis in plants, fungi, and bacteria (‘‘13C fingerprints’’). We measured 13 amino acid d C from 10 C3 plants, 13 fungi, and 10 bacteria collected and isolated from a boreal forest in interior Alaska, USA, using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Microorganisms were cultured under amino-acid-free conditions and identified based on DNA sequences. Bacteria, fungi, and plants generated consistent, unique 13C fingerprints based on the more complex amino acids (five or more biosynthetic steps) that are classified as essential for animals. Linear discriminant analysis classified all samples correctly with .99% certainty and correctly classified nearly all insect samples from a previous study by diet. Our results suggest that 13C fingerprints of amino acids could provide a powerful in situ assay of the biosynthetic sources of amino acids and a potential new tool for understanding nutritional linkages in food webs. Key words: Alaska, USA; compound-specific stable isotope analysis; d13C; essential amino acids; eukaryotes; gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS); prokaryotes. -
CV Seth Newsome.Pdf
Seth D. Newsome University of New Mexico Associate Professor, Department of Biology Associate Director, Center for Stable Isotopes 190 Castetter Hall Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA [email protected] http://sethnewsome.org Research Interests Animal Ecology, Animal Eco-Physiology, Historical Ecology, Conservation Biology Education 2000–2005 Ph.D., University of California Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA) Earth & Planetary Sciences Department 1995–1999 B.A., Dartmouth College (Hanover, NH) Earth Sciences Department Positions & Professional Development 2018– Associate Professor, Biology Department, University of New Mexico (Albuquerque, NM) 2014– Associate Director, University of New Mexico Center for Stable Isotopes 2013–2018 Assistant Professor, Biology Department, University of New Mexico (Albuquerque, NM) 2009–2012 Post-Doctoral Research Scientist, University of Wyoming (Laramie, WY) Research focused on (1) using compound specific stable isotope analysis to quantify protein routing in mammals, birds and fish; (2) characterizing the ecology of an adaptive radiation in a group of South American songbirds via biochemical, physiological, and genetic tools. Advisors: Drs. Carlos Martinez del Rio and David G. Williams 2006–2009 Post-Doctoral Research Scientist, Carnegie Institution of Washington (Washington, DC) Research focused on (1) development of stable isotope methods to assess ecological niche and eco-physiological variation, foraging specialization, and dispersal characteristics of mammals and birds; (2) human impacts on ecosystem change in Australia and southern California. Advisor: Dr. Marilyn L. Fogel 2000–2005 Ph.D. Candidate, UC-Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA) Research focused on historic and prehistoric ecology of marine mammals, with emphasis on the northern fur seal in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Advisor: Dr. Paul L. Koch 2000 Senior Lab Technician, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley, CA) Managed stable isotope facility and conducted research using isotopic tracers to track fluid and contaminant migration through sediments and groundwater. -
Global Suicide Rates and Climatic Temperature
SocArXiv Preprint: May 25, 2020 Global Suicide Rates and Climatic Temperature Yusuke Arima1* [email protected] Hideki Kikumoto2 [email protected] ABSTRACT Global suicide rates vary by country1, yet the cause of this variability has not yet been explained satisfactorily2,3. In this study, we analyzed averaged suicide rates4 and annual mean temperature in the early 21st century for 183 countries worldwide, and our results suggest that suicide rates vary with climatic temperature. The lowest suicide rates were found for countries with annual mean temperatures of approximately 20 °C. The correlation suicide rate and temperature is much stronger at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. In the countries with higher temperature, high suicide rates appear with its temperature over about 25 °C. We also investigated the variation in suicide rates with climate based on the Köppen–Geiger climate classification5, and found suicide rates to be low in countries in dry zones regardless of annual mean temperature. Moreover, there were distinct trends in the suicide rates in island countries. Considering these complicating factors, a clear relationship between suicide rates and temperature is evident, for both hot and cold climate zones, in our dataset. Finally, low suicide rates are typically found in countries with annual mean temperatures within the established human thermal comfort range. This suggests that climatic temperature may affect suicide rates globally by effecting either hot or cold thermal stress on the human body. KEYWORDS Suicide rate, Climatic temperature, Human thermal comfort, Köppen–Geiger climate classification Affiliation: 1 Department of Architecture, Polytechnic University of Japan, Tokyo, Japan. -
The Impact of Climate Variability and Conflict on Childhood Diarrhea and Malnutrition in West Africa
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2016 The Impact of Climate Variability and Conflict on Childhood Diarrhea and Malnutrition in West Africa Gillian Dunn Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/765 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] The Impact of Climate Variability and Conflict on Childhood Diarrhea and Malnutrition in West Africa by Gillian Dunn A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Public Health in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Public Health, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 Gillian Dunn All Rights Reserved ii The Impact of Climate Variability and Conflict on Childhood Diarrhea and Malnutrition in West Africa by Gillian Dunn This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Public Health to satisfy the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Public Health Deborah Balk, PhD Sponsor of Examining Committee Date Signature Denis Nash, PhD Executive Officer, Public Health Date Signature Examining Committee: Glen Johnson, PhD Grace Sembajwe, ScD Emmanuel d’Harcourt, MD THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Dissertation Abstract Title: The Impact of Climate Variability and Conflict on Childhood Diarrhea and Malnutrition in West Africa Author: Gillian Dunn Sponsor: Deborah Balk Objectives: This dissertation aims to contribute to our understanding of how climate variability and armed conflict impacts diarrheal disease and malnutrition among young children in West Africa. -
Effect of Cover Crop on Carbon Distribution in Size and Density
Article Effect of Cover Crop on Carbon Distribution in Size and Density Separated Soil Aggregates Michael V. Schaefer 1,2 , Nathaniel A. Bogie 3,4 , Daniel Rath 5, Alison R. Marklein 1,6, Abdi Garniwan 1, Thomas Haensel 1, Ying Lin 7, Claudia C. Avila 1 , Peter S. Nico 6, Kate M. Scow 5,8, Eoin L. Brodie 6,9, William J. Riley 6 , Marilyn L. Fogel 7,10, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe 3 , Teamrat A. Ghezzehei 3, Sanjai Parikh 5 , Marco Keiluweit 11 and Samantha C. Ying 1,12,* 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; USA; [email protected] (M.V.S.); [email protected] (A.R.M.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (T.H.); [email protected] (C.C.A.) 2 Pacific Basin Research Center, Soka University of America, Laguna Hills, CA 92656, USA 3 Environmental System, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; [email protected] (N.A.B.); [email protected] (A.A.B.); [email protected] (T.A.G.) 4 Geology Department, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA 5 Department of Land, Air, and Water Resource, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (K.M.S.); [email protected] (S.P.) 6 Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected] (P.S.N.); [email protected] (E.L.B.); [email protected] (W.J.R.) 7 Environmental Dynamics and GeoEcology Institute, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (M.L.F.) 8 Agricultural -
NASA Astrobiology Institute 2018 Annual Science Report
A National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2018 Annual Science Report Table of Contents 2018 at the NAI 1 NAI 2018 Teams 2 2018 Team Reports The Evolution of Prebiotic Chemical Complexity and the Organic Inventory 6 of Protoplanetary Disk and Primordial Planets Lead Institution: NASA Ames Research Center Reliving the Past: Experimental Evolution of Major Transitions 18 Lead Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology Origin and Evolution of Organics and Water in Planetary Systems 34 Lead Institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Icy Worlds: Astrobiology at the Water-Rock Interface and Beyond 46 Lead Institution: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Habitability of Hydrocarbon Worlds: Titan and Beyond 60 Lead Institution: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory The Origins of Molecules in Diverse Space and Planetary Environments 72 and Their Intramolecular Isotope Signatures Lead Institution: Pennsylvania State University ENIGMA: Evolution of Nanomachines in Geospheres and Microbial Ancestors 80 Lead Institution: Rutgers University Changing Planetary Environments and the Fingerprints of Life 88 Lead Institution: SETI Institute Alternative Earths 100 Lead Institution: University of California, Riverside Rock Powered Life 120 Lead Institution: University of Colorado Boulder NASA Astrobiology Institute iii Annual Report 2018 2018 at the NAI In 2018, the NASA Astrobiology Program announced a plan to transition to a new structure of Research Coordination Networks, RCNs, and simultaneously planned the termination of the NASA Astrobiology Institute -
Nouakchott City Urban Master Plan Development Project in Islamic Republic of Mauritania
Islamic Republic of Mauritania Ministry of Land Use, Urbanization and Habitation (MHUAT) Urban Community of Nouakchott (CUN) Nouakchott City Urban Master Plan Development Project In Islamic Republic of Mauritania Final Report Summary October 2018 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) RECS International Inc. CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. PACET Corporation PASCO Corporation EI JR 18-105 Currency equivalents (interbank rates average of April to June 2018) USD 1.00 = MRU 355.049 USD 1.00 = MRO (obsolete) 35.5049 USD 1.00 = JPY 109.889 MRU 1.00 = JPY 3.0464 Source: OANDA, https://www.oanda.com Nouakchott City Urban Master Plan Development Project Final Report Summary Table of Contents Introduction 1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 2 Target Area ............................................................................................................................ 2 Target Year ............................................................................................................................. 3 Reports and Other Outputs .................................................................................................... 3 Work Operation Structure ...................................................................................................... 3 Part I: SDAU ............................................................................................................................... -
East Africa Counterterrorism Operation North and West Africa Counterterrorism Operation Lead Inspector General Report to the United States Congress
EAST AFRICA COUNTERTERRORISM OPERATION NORTH AND WEST AFRICA COUNTERTERRORISM OPERATION LEAD INSPECTOR GENERAL REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS JULY 1, 2020‒SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 ABOUT THIS REPORT A 2013 amendment to the Inspector General Act established the Lead Inspector General (Lead IG) framework for oversight of overseas contingency operations and requires that the Lead IG submit quarterly reports to Congress on each active operation. The Chair of the Council of Inspectors General for Integrity and Efficiency designated the DoD Inspector General (IG) as the Lead IG for the East Africa Counterterrorism Operation and the North and West Africa Counterterrorism Operation. The DoS IG is the Associate IG for the operations. The USAID IG participates in oversight of the operations. The Offices of Inspector General (OIG) of the DoD, the DoS, and USAID are referred to in this report as the Lead IG agencies. Other partner agencies also contribute to oversight of the operations. The Lead IG agencies collectively carry out the Lead IG statutory responsibilities to: • Develop a joint strategic plan to conduct comprehensive oversight of the operations. • Ensure independent and effective oversight of programs and operations of the U.S. Government in support of the operations through either joint or individual audits, inspections, investigations, and evaluations. • Report quarterly to Congress and the public on the operations and on activities of the Lead IG agencies. METHODOLOGY To produce this quarterly report, the Lead IG agencies submit requests for information to the DoD, the DoS, USAID, and other Federal agencies about the East Africa Counterterrorism Operation, the North and West Africa Counterterrorism Operation, and related programs. -
International Currency Codes
Country Capital Currency Name Code Afghanistan Kabul Afghanistan Afghani AFN Albania Tirana Albanian Lek ALL Algeria Algiers Algerian Dinar DZD American Samoa Pago Pago US Dollar USD Andorra Andorra Euro EUR Angola Luanda Angolan Kwanza AOA Anguilla The Valley East Caribbean Dollar XCD Antarctica None East Caribbean Dollar XCD Antigua and Barbuda St. Johns East Caribbean Dollar XCD Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine Peso ARS Armenia Yerevan Armenian Dram AMD Aruba Oranjestad Aruban Guilder AWG Australia Canberra Australian Dollar AUD Austria Vienna Euro EUR Azerbaijan Baku Azerbaijan New Manat AZN Bahamas Nassau Bahamian Dollar BSD Bahrain Al-Manamah Bahraini Dinar BHD Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladeshi Taka BDT Barbados Bridgetown Barbados Dollar BBD Belarus Minsk Belarussian Ruble BYR Belgium Brussels Euro EUR Belize Belmopan Belize Dollar BZD Benin Porto-Novo CFA Franc BCEAO XOF Bermuda Hamilton Bermudian Dollar BMD Bhutan Thimphu Bhutan Ngultrum BTN Bolivia La Paz Boliviano BOB Bosnia-Herzegovina Sarajevo Marka BAM Botswana Gaborone Botswana Pula BWP Bouvet Island None Norwegian Krone NOK Brazil Brasilia Brazilian Real BRL British Indian Ocean Territory None US Dollar USD Bandar Seri Brunei Darussalam Begawan Brunei Dollar BND Bulgaria Sofia Bulgarian Lev BGN Burkina Faso Ouagadougou CFA Franc BCEAO XOF Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Franc BIF Cambodia Phnom Penh Kampuchean Riel KHR Cameroon Yaounde CFA Franc BEAC XAF Canada Ottawa Canadian Dollar CAD Cape Verde Praia Cape Verde Escudo CVE Cayman Islands Georgetown Cayman Islands Dollar KYD _____________________________________________________________________________________________ -
Supplementary Material Barriers and Facilitators to Pre-Exposure
Sexual Health, 2021, 18, 130–39 © CSIRO 2021 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH20175_AC Supplementary Material Barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis among A frican migr ants in high income countries: a systematic review Chido MwatururaA,B,H, Michael TraegerC,D, Christopher LemohE, Mark StooveC,D, Brian PriceA, Alison CoelhoF, Masha MikolaF, Kathleen E. RyanA,D and Edwina WrightA,D,G ADepartment of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash Un iversity, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. BMelbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. CSchool of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. DBurnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. EMonash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Vi, Auc. stralia. FCentre for Culture, Ethnicity & Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. GPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. HCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] File S1 Appendix 1: Syntax Usedr Dat fo abase Searches Appendix 2: Table of Excluded Studies ( n=58) and Reasons for Exclusion Appendix 3: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative Studies Using the ‘ Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies’ (39) Appendix 4: Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Studies U sing a modified ‘CASP Qualitative C hecklist’ (37) Appendix 5: List of Abbreviations Sexual Health © CSIRO 2021 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH20175_AC Appendix 1: Syntax Used for Database -
Key Officers List (UNCLASSIFIED)
United States Department of State Telephone Directory This customized report includes the following section(s): Key Officers List (UNCLASSIFIED) 9/13/2021 Provided by Global Information Services, A/GIS Cover UNCLASSIFIED Key Officers of Foreign Service Posts Afghanistan FMO Inna Rotenberg ICASS Chair CDR David Millner IMO Cem Asci KABUL (E) Great Massoud Road, (VoIP, US-based) 301-490-1042, Fax No working Fax, INMARSAT Tel 011-873-761-837-725, ISO Aaron Smith Workweek: Saturday - Thursday 0800-1630, Website: https://af.usembassy.gov/ Algeria Officer Name DCM OMS Melisa Woolfolk ALGIERS (E) 5, Chemin Cheikh Bachir Ibrahimi, +213 (770) 08- ALT DIR Tina Dooley-Jones 2000, Fax +213 (23) 47-1781, Workweek: Sun - Thurs 08:00-17:00, CM OMS Bonnie Anglov Website: https://dz.usembassy.gov/ Co-CLO Lilliana Gonzalez Officer Name FM Michael Itinger DCM OMS Allie Hutton HRO Geoff Nyhart FCS Michele Smith INL Patrick Tanimura FM David Treleaven LEGAT James Bolden HRO TDY Ellen Langston MGT Ben Dille MGT Kristin Rockwood POL/ECON Richard Reiter MLO/ODC Andrew Bergman SDO/DATT COL Erik Bauer POL/ECON Roselyn Ramos TREAS Julie Malec SDO/DATT Christopher D'Amico AMB Chargé Ross L Wilson AMB Chargé Gautam Rana CG Ben Ousley Naseman CON Jeffrey Gringer DCM Ian McCary DCM Acting DCM Eric Barbee PAO Daniel Mattern PAO Eric Barbee GSO GSO William Hunt GSO TDY Neil Richter RSO Fernando Matus RSO Gregg Geerdes CLO Christine Peterson AGR Justina Torry DEA Edward (Joe) Kipp CLO Ikram McRiffey FMO Maureen Danzot FMO Aamer Khan IMO Jaime Scarpatti ICASS Chair Jeffrey Gringer IMO Daniel Sweet Albania Angola TIRANA (E) Rruga Stavro Vinjau 14, +355-4-224-7285, Fax +355-4- 223-2222, Workweek: Monday-Friday, 8:00am-4:30 pm.