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Washington Park Pattern Book

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Washington Park Pattern Book Washington Park District Architectural Pattern Book Prelude: Research Credits i 1: Purpose of the Washington Park Pattern Book 1 1.1: Planning Principle 1 1.2: Goals of the Pattern Book 2 1.3: Approach to the Pattern Book 2 2: Mankato’s Washington Park Neighborhood 2 2.1: Working Class Neighborhood 4 2.2: Washington Park Community 5 2.3: Washington Park’s Railroad Ties 6 2.4: Washington Park’s Medical Roots 6 2.5: Washington Park’s Commercial and Industrial Heritage 7 3: Current Neighborhood Character 9 3.1: Zoning and Land Use 9 3.2: Service Nodes 10 3.3: Neighborhood Layout 10 3.4 Traffic Patterns 10 3.5 Pedestrian Access and Streetscape 11 3.6 The Parks 12 4: Washington Park’s Residential Properties 13 4.1: Building Setbacks 13 4.2: Private Front Yard Landscape 13 4.3: Residential Building Features 14 4.4: General Opportunities and Recommendations 15 5: Elements of Washington Park Historic Styles 18 5.1: Washington Park’s Historic Architecture – Using the Pattern Book 19 5.2: Current Historic Designation and State Funding Opportunities 20 5.3: Roofing – Common Configurations 21 5.4: A Note to Restorationists 22 6: Victorian Styles (1860 – 1900) 23 6.1: Victorian Color Palettes 23 6.2: Victorian Landscape Plantings 24 6.3: Suggested Scale and Massing for Victorian Properties 25 6.4: Italianate (1840 – 1885) 26 6.4a: Elements of Style 26 6.4b: Washington Park’s Italianate Preservation Role Models 27 6.4c: Conceptual Restoration 27 6.4d: Additional Minnesota Italianate Examples 29 6.5: Queen Anne (1880 – 1910) 32 6.5a: Elements of Style 32 6.5b: Washington Park’s Queen Anne Preservation Role Models 34 6.5c: Conceptual Restoration 35 6.5d: Additional Minnesota Queen Anne Examples 39 6.6: Victorian Vernacular/ Folk Victorian 42 6.6a: Victorian Vernacular vs. High Style Victorian 42 6.6b: Elements of Style 42 6.6c: Washington Park’s Victorian Vernacular Preservation Role 43 Models 6.6d: Conceptual Restoration 44 6.6e: Additional Minnesota Victorian Vernacular Examples 47 7: Arts and Crafts (1900 – 1930) 50 7.1: Color Palette 50 7.2: Plantings and Lanscaping 50 7.3: Suggested Scale and Massing 50 7.4: Tudor (1900 – 1940) 52 7.4a: Elements of Style 52 7.4b: Washington Park’s Tudor Preservation Role Models 53 7.4c: Conceptual Restoration 54 7.4d: Additional Minnesota Tudor Examples 56 7.5: Craftsman (1905 – 1930) 60 7.5a: Elements of Style 60 7.5b: Washington Park’s Craftsman Preservation Role Models 61 7.5c: Conceptual Restoration 62 7.5d: Additional Minnesota Craftsman Examples 65 7.6: Foursquare or Prairie Style (1900 – 1920) 69 7.6a: Elements of Style 69 7.6b: Washington Park’s Foursquare Preservation Role Models 70 7.6c: Conceptual Restoration 72 7.6d: Minnesota Prairie Examples 74 8: Historic Commercial and Public Facilities 77 9: Post WWII Development in Washington Park 79 11: Conclusion 81 Bibliography 82 Prof. Beth A. Wielde Principle Investigator Prof. Tony Filipovitch, Advising Tanya Ange, City of Mankato Liaison Paul Vogel, City of Mankato Liaison Pat Hentges, City Manager, City of Mankato Andrea Aukrust, Principle Graduate Assistant Denise Johnson, GIS Technician Field Data Collection Andrea Aukrust Aaron DuBois Dennis Fields Rochelle Fisscher Nick Gfrerer Ryan Granata Alfred Haugen Heather Jergensen Casey McCabe Amanda Schwabe Julia Spencer Chapter 1: Purpose of the Washington Park Pattern Book The City of Mankato, as part of the City Center Renaissance Plan, has identified the need for design unity and guidelines to promote restoration and preservation within Mankato’s neighborhoods. In 2006, the City of Mankato contacted Minnesota State University, Mankato to collaborate on a pattern book to illustrate design elements in the Washington Park district. 1.1 Planning Principle The vision of the City Center Renaissance states: “The City Center Renaissance will build upon previous planning efforts and reinforce the opportunities that created the historical community in the Valley. There will be a rebirth of the City Center by strengthening the interdependence of residential, industrial, service, and commercial sectors through revitalization, reconnection, and reinvestment. The City Center’s strong employment base, civic facilities, historical assets and unique character provide the foundation for the development of strategies that will foster the goals of the Renaissance. A strong City Center is the mirror of the overall health of the community. The City Center is the heartwood of Greater Mankato and reflects the community’s civic, cultural, and economic vitality and identity. Public and private investment will create and support critical levels of momentum that will strengthen the City Center’s role as the community’s central hub. The hub is essential to provide the functional and organic community linkages between its outlying neighborhoods and nodes through a common central station of service and support for a sustainable community.” The City Center Renaissance Plan has identified a planning principle to aid in the effectuation of the vision: “To build a culture of preservation, bringing citizens and city resources together through encouraging rehabilitation and adaptive reuse, protecting historic integrity and assimilating modern structures.” This planning principle acknowledges both the desire to enhance the historic quality of the districts, while acknowledging that new construction can, and will, occur in these neighborhoods. This design book offers strategies for current property owners to rehabilitate the exterior of their property, and providing suggestions for designers to integrate, rather than clash, with the historic integrity of the area. The planning principle acknowledges the reality of the planning process; the necessity of involving the community in the process. While the design guidelines offer suggestions and recommendations, it is the public that will carry them out. To accomplish this goal, the City Center Renaissance states its implementation tactic as: “Create a Preservation Tool Box.” Historic architecture and design are a physical record of Mankato’s history. It is a tangible statement of the values and societal mores of the construction era, and a living testament to the oft-obsolete construction techniques and materials used to create the buildings and structures. Certainly, progress and modernization is important as well, lest the community stagnate, and can be done in ways that include historic elements rather than shunt them aside. This pattern books provides practical tips for property owners and the City of Mankato as they build the culture of preservation. It’s a grand idea to have a culture of preservation, but it needs to be feasible for the community to implement these goals. 1.2 Goals of the Pattern Book (Urban Design Associates, 2004): The concepts provided in this pattern book will help guide the rehabilitation and preservation goals of the City of Mankato and the individual neighborhoods involved in the design process. While the City encourages property owners apply the recommendations in order to create historic preservation and design coherence in the neighborhoods, it is by no means mandatory. • Facilitating a shared vision for Washington Park’s built environment. The pattern book does this by looking at the architectural traditions of Washington Park, and establishing guidelines for preservation and new development that complement these traditions. • Providing a guideline on the patterns and elements of architectural styles appropriate to the unique character and traditions of Washington Park. The pattern book will do this by making recommendations based on existing community resources and recommendations from community design and preservation professionals. 1.3 Approach to the Pattern Book The recommendations provided in this book are based on the observed traditions in Washington Park, including: • Appropriate Architectural Character – Each building in Washington Park fits an established architectural style or era. The traditions in the district tend towards Victorian and Arts and Crafts styles. These traditions are seen in the exterior cladding, windows and doors, porches and chimneys, ornamentation, and materials. • History and Character – Washington Park’s history as a working class district lends itself to creating a unique community character, a cluster of Mankato’s common vernacular, the everyday “statement” of the era’s architecture. This contrasts Lincoln Park’s “high style,” which are more rare and tend to be stylistically unique from one another. • Massing and Composition – The district tends to be scaled at approximately 1.5 to 2.5 (or two stories with attic) residential buildings, and larger commercial and public buildings. The approach to this book is to create tools for local preservation and rehabilitation by providing an assessment of the styles in Washington Park and understanding the underlying architectural components of these styles, breaking them down into their base components. The goal is to provide those who choose to restore, rehabilitate, or develop in the area can include these components in their work and create a level of design cohesion in the Washington Park neighborhood. Chapter 2: Mankato’s Washington Park Neighborhood1 To properly grasp the context of architectural patterns of a neighborhood, it is important to understand the neighborhoods history, traditions, and extant features. Without this context, buildings just become masonry, wood, and nails. The historic context breathes life into the district; it’s where the stories lie, it’s where we find out the “why” of architecture, rather than just the “what.” 2.1 Working Class Neighborhood Washington Park is part of a historic “working class” district (Mankato Tour, downloaded March 13, 2007), marked by the large and diverse amount of industry and commercial within the area and in the nearby riverfront area. An 1870 map by Merchants Lithograph Company (maintained by the Library of Congress) indicates partial development of Washington Park during the 1870s (Figure 2.1). This is reflected in the architectural styles found in the district; most of the styles indicate heavy development occurring in the 1880s through the turn of the century.
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