Animal Classification Pictorial References
Page # Figure# Diagram 368 18.1B Gastrulation 370 18.3A-D Body Plans 371 18.4 Animalia Phyl. Tree 386 18.15 Chordates Phyl.Tree 9 Animal Phyla
1. Porifera 6. Annelida 2. Cnidaria 7. Arthropoda 3. Platyhelminths 8. Echinodermata 4. Nematoda 9. Chordata 5. Mollusca
Major Body Systems
1. Digestion* 6. Immune 2. Respiration* 7. Hormone 3. Circulation* 8. Reproduction 4. Excretory* 9. Skeletal 5. Nervous/Senses* Generalized Chordate Body Plan Questions to Answer 1. What is the function of this organ/system?
2. What is the relationship of structure to function? (i.e. how does the shape of this structure assist in its function?)
3. How does this system show adaptations to the animal’s environment? Phylogenetic Tree (p.371) Criteria for Classification a. level of organization – no. of germ layers b. symmetry – shape of body c. body cavity – type of body cavity d. embryonic development – formation of digestive tract e. support – internal/external skeleton f. segmentation – compartments to body
Levels of Organization Day 1 Day 2 (1)
Day 3
Day 4 Day 5 Levels of Day 5 Organization (2)
Day 9
Day 16 triploblasty Body Symmetry (2)
1) Asymmetry – no symmetry *sponges
2) Radial symmetry – can be divided into equal parts from top orientation *starfish
3) Bilateral symmetry – can be divided into halves lengthwise *worms, insects, mammals Image from : http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_7.html Body Cavity (3)
• acoelomate – no coelom (solid mesoderm) • pseudocoelomate – coelom surrounds cavity (hydroskeleton) • coelomate – mesoderm surrounds cavity (guts are separated)
Image from : http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_7.html Body Support (4) 3 Types of Skeletons: 1. hydrostatic – water-filled body cavity *sea anemone 2. exoskeleton – muscles attach to outer covering made of chitin *crustaceans, insects 3. endoskeleton – muscles attach to inner bones *vertebrates a. cleavage b. coelom formation c. blastopore protostome – mouth 1st deuterostome – anus 1st
Protostome Deuterostome
Spiral Cleavage Radial Cleavage
Schizoceoly Enterocoely Embryonic Development
Determinate If cells removed: - cannot complete development
Indeterminate If cells removed: - can still complete development
endoderm – diges ve & respiratory organs mesoderm – muscles, skeleton, circulatory & reproduc ve & urinary organs, connec ve ssue
ectoderm – skin, CNS ectoderm – epidermis (skin upper layer) nerves endoderm – digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive systems mesoderm – muscles, skeletal, circulatory, excretory, dermis
STEM CELLS…. ______Inner cell mass becomes the baby STEM CELLS - source of all cell types How is the body organized?
• Cells à Tissues à Organs à Organ Systems à Organism
Animal Classification Vocabulary
1. blastula 8. radial & bilateral symmetry 2. gastrula 9. protostome 3. blastopore 4. acoelomate 10. deuterostome 11. radial or spiral cleavage 5. coelomate 12. segmentation 6. pseudocoelomate 13. amniote 7. germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm) 14. cephalization 15. tissue organization characteristics & examples of each: • porifera • nematode • echinoderm • cnidarian • mollusk • arthropod • platyhelminth • annelid • chordate