DOCSLIB.ORG

The Native Distribution Range of the European Marine Non-Indigenous Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Native Distribution Range of the European Marine Non-Indigenous Species Aquatic Invasions (2018) Volume 13, Issue 2: 187–198 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2018.13.2.01 Open Access © 2018 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2018 REABIC Review The native distribution range of the European marine non-indigenous species Konstantinos Tsiamis1,*, Argyro Zenetos2, Ivan Deriu1, Eugenio Gervasini1 and Ana Cristina Cardoso1 1European Commission, Joint Research Centre – Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Water & Marine Resources Unit, Ispra, Italy 2Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, GR-19013 Anavyssos, Greece *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 14 July 2017 / Accepted: 24 December 2017 / Published online: 23 January 2018 Handling editor: Sarah Bailey Abstract In this study, we have performed a large-scale assessment on the native distribution range of the marine non-indigenous species (NIS) found in at least one of the European Seas (Mediterranean, NE Atlantic Ocean, Black, Baltic Sea). As a basis, we have used the most updated pan-European NIS inventory, provided by the European Alien Species Information Network. All taxonomic groups have been considered for this analysis, taking into account established NIS in European Seas (824 taxa in total). The vast majority of the European marine NIS have their native distribution in the Western and Central Indo-Pacific, being mostly associated with introductions into the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal. However, this overall pattern is heavily influenced by the fact that 76% of all NIS primary introductions in Europe have been reported first from the Mediterranean Sea. A more detailed analysis revealed various patterns of the dominating native distributions of the primarily introduced NIS in Europe, depending on the European marine subregions where they have been initially introduced and their associated pathways. There seems to be a general decrease in NIS introductions in Europe, especially when it comes to NIS with native distribution in the Temperate Northern Pacific, although this trend should be treated with caution. The information provided in the current study can be useful for tailored management of specific primary pathways per marine subregion, supporting prioritization efforts. Key words: alien, pathways, trends, invasive, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, NE Atlantic, MSFD Introduction ments, such as the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) (EC 2008) and the Marine non-indigenous species (NIS) represent a Biodiversity Strategy (EC 2014). At the same time, significant risk to the receiving environments. They aiming to assist policy makers and environmental may exhibit invasive behavior and induce alterations managers in their decisions on prevention or miti- to ecosystems’ structure and functions, impede the gation actions, NIS have been thoroughly addressed provision of ecosystem services, and even result in by the scientific community, through the provision negative socioeconomic effects in coastal areas of recommendations for monitoring (e.g. Lehtiniemi (Wallentinus and Nyberg 2007; Molnar et al. 2008; et al. 2015), the revision of species inventories and Katsanevakis et al. 2014). New introductions of NIS spatial and temporal patterns (Zenetos et al. 2012, have been accelerated in recent decades by the rapid 2017; Katsanevakis et al. 2013b; Galil et al. 2016; globalization and increasing trends of human Ojaveer et al. 2016), pathways, gateways and their activities (shipping, aquaculture, fisheries, tourism, etc.) trends (Nunes et al. 2014; Galil et al. 2017), impacts (Boudouresque and Verlaque 2005; Katsanevakis et (Katsanevakis et al. 2014, 2016), and biological traits al. 2013a). of the most widespread species (Cardeccia et al. 2016). By 2013, at least 1,369 NIS have been reported Specific focus has been given to the Mediterranean from all European and contiguous seas (Katsanevakis Sea, the most invaded marine region of the world, et al. 2013b). Due to the threats they pose, European with at least 821 multicellular NIS (casuals included) NIS are targeted in a series of legislative instru- reported by early 2017 (Zenetos et al. 2017). 187 K. Tsiamis et al. Several studies have addressed the native distri- NIS with unresolved taxonomic status). Species that bution range (possible origin) of the European are predominantly freshwater but which might also marine NIS, but most of them have examined this appear in oligohaline environments (i.e. with salinity issue only at regional or country level. Some examples < 5 psu) were also excluded from the current study. include the native distribution of NIS of the Baltic Consequently, 824 established NIS have been consi- Sea (Leppäkoski et al. 2002), Belgium (Kerckhof et dered in the present paper (Appendix 1). The al. 2007), Germany (Gollasch and Nehring 2006), Taxonomic classification (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, British Isles (Minchin et al. 2013), Israel (Galil 2007), Order and Family) of each NIS followed WoRMS Italy (Occhipinti-Ambrogi et al. 2011), and Greece (2017). (Zenetos et al. 2009). In addition, the CIESM atlases The EASIN data encompass the four main European provide information on the native distribution of NIS Seas: the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the NE belonging to four taxonomic groups in the Medi- Atlantic Ocean, and the Baltic Sea. To have full terranean Sea, namely Fish, Crustacea, Mollusca, coverage of the four Seas surrounding Europe, Macrophytes, but with no detailed analysis (Galil et EASIN contains NIS reported from the whole Medi- al. 2002; Golani et al. 2002; Zenetos et al. 2004; terranean Sea, including also North African and Verlaque et al. 2015). Surprisingly, there has not Near East Mediterranean countries. EU overseas been any study so far providing a large-scale assess- territories (including the Outermost Regions, e.g. the ment of the native distribution of all NIS across all Macaronesia Sea) were not considered. European Seas. We have assigned the known native distribution In this study, we investigate the native distri- to each NIS of the EASIN dataset based on the bution of NIS recorded in at least one of the main scientific literature, AquaNIS Editorial Board (2015) European Seas: the Mediterranean, NE Atlantic and WoRMS Editorial Board (2017). Afterwards, Ocean, the Black and the Baltic Seas. All taxonomic the native distribution of each NIS was classified groups of NIS have been considered for this analysis. based on the global marine biogeographic realms In addition, primary pathways of introduction are proposed by Spalding et al. (2007), slightly modified examined in relation to each main native distribution for the aims of our study. To this end, we have split area of NIS. Time trends of species introductions in the realm “Temperate Northern Atlantic” into 3 relation with the prevailing native distribution areas distinct realms: a) the “Temperate Northwest are also investigated. Atlantic”, including the provinces “Cold Temperate Northwest Atlantic” and the “Warm Temperate Methods Northwest Atlantic”; b) the “European Seas”, which include the provinces “Northern European Seas”, For the present analysis, we have used the pan- “Mediterranean Sea”, “Black Sea”, and the ecoregion European inventory of NIS provided by the “South European Atlantic Shelf”; and c) the European Alien Species Information Network “Saharan Upwelling” (see also Figure 1). In case (EASIN – Katsanevakis et al. 2012) and updated up the native distribution of a species covers more than to March 2017 (EASIN Catalogue version 5.6), one marine realm, multiple realms were assigned to based also on the recent work by Zenetos et al. that species. For few NIS the native distribution is (2017). EASIN is a dynamic inventory that is conti- unknown (13 taxa; see Appendix 1). nuously updated to follow the latest scientific Based on an extensive revision of the information findings about new NIS species in Europe and their found in EASIN and the scientific literature, we have status. The latest version of the EASIN database analyzed the information on primary introduction contains 1,411 NIS reported from European marine pathways for each marine NIS in Europe, i.e. the waters, including all taxonomic groups, from bacte- pathway(s) related to the first arrival of a NIS in ria to mammals. Species with a native distribution in Europe. Pathways followed the classification scheme at least one European Sea but with alien range into proposed by CBD (2014). A certainty score was other(s) have been also included in our analysis, given to each assigned pathway for every NIS, based hereafter referred to as NIS with “European origin”. on the scheme proposed by Katsanevakis et al. Only established NIS have been taken into consi- (2013a), and slightly modified as follows: deration. To this end, we have excluded casual (i.e. High certainty (score = 3): there is direct evidence NIS not established in Europe, found only once or of a pathway; this is the case e.g. for most intentional twice), cryptogenic (i.e. species with no definite introductions (e.g. Release in Nature: fishery in the evidence of their native or introduced status) and wild – including game fishing) and in many cases of questionable species (i.e. NIS with insufficient Lessepsian immigrants (Corridor: interconnected information or new entries not verified by experts or waterways/basins/seas) when there is direct evidence 188 Native distribution of European marine non-indigenous species Figure 1. Native distribution
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Success of Seeding Native Compared with Introduced Perennial Vegetation for Revegetating Medusahead-Invaded Sagebrush Rangeland
    Success of Seeding Native Compared with Introduced Perennial Vegetation for Revegetating Medusahead-Invaded Sagebrush Rangeland Davies, K. W., Boyd, C. S., Johnson, D. D., Nafus, A. M., & Madsen, M. D. (2015). Success of seeding native compared with introduced perennial vegetation for revegetating medusahead-invaded sagebrush rangeland. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 68(3), 224-230. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2015.03.004 0.1016/j.rama.2015.03.004 Elsevier Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Rangeland Ecology & Management 68 (2015) 224–230 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Rangeland Ecology & Management journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/rama Success of Seeding Native Compared with Introduced Perennial Vegetation for Revegetating Medusahead-Invaded Sagebrush Rangeland☆,☆☆ K.W. Davies a,⁎,C.S.Boyda,D.D.Johnsonb,A.M.Nafusc,M.D.Madsend a Rangeland Scientists, USDA—Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR 97720, USA 1 b Associate Professor, Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR 97720, USA c Research Associate, Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR 97720, USA d Ecologist, USDA—Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR 97720, USA 1 article info abstract Article history: Millions of hectares of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis Beetle Received 16 October 2014 &Young) rangeland have been invaded by medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae [L.] Nevski), an exot- Accepted 2 March 2015 ic annual grass that degrades wildlife habitat, reduces forage production, and decreases biodiversity. Reveg- etation of medusahead-invaded sagebrush plant communities is necessary to restore ecosystem services.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Native Plants
    - AA GUIDEGUIDE TOTO THETHE NATIVENATIVE PLANTS,PLANTS, NATURALNATURAL PLANTPLANT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES ANDAND THETHE EXOTICEXOTIC ANDAND INVASIVEINVASIVE SPECIESSPECIES OFOF EASTEAST HAMPTONHAMPTON TOWNTOWN EAST HAMPTON TOWN Natural Resources Department TableTable ofof Contents:Contents: Spotted Beebalm (Monarda punctata) Narrative: Pages 1-17 Quick Reference Max Clearing Table: Page 18 Map: East Hampton Native Plant Habitats Map TABS: East Hampton Plant Habitats (1-12); Wetlands flora (13-15): 1. Outer Dunes Plant Spacing 2. Bay Bluffs 3. Amagansett Inner Dunes (AID) 4. Tidal Marsh (TM) Table: A 5. Montauk Mesic Forest (MMF) 6. Montauk Moorland (MM) guideline for the 7. North of Moraine Coastal Deciduous (NMCD) 8. Morainal Deciduous (MD) 9. Pine Barrens or Pitch Pine Oak Forest (PB) (PPO) number of 10. Montauk Grasslands (MG) 11. Northwest Woods (NWW) plants needed 12. Old Fields 13. Freshwater Wetlands 14. Brackish Wetlands and Buffer for an area: 15. East Hampton Wetland Flora by Type Page 19 Native Plants-Resistance to Deer Damage: Pages 20-21 Local Native Plant Landscapers, Arborists, Native Plant Growers and Suppliers: Pages 22-23 Exotic and Invasive Species: Pages 24-33 Native Wildflower Pictures: Pages 34-45 Samdplain Gerardia (Agalinas acuta) Introduction to our native landscape What is a native plant? Native plants are plants that are indigenous to a particular area or region. In North America we are referring to the flora that existed in an area or region before European settlement. Native plants occur within specific plant communities that vary in species composition depending on the habitat in which they are found. A few examples of habitats are tidal wetlands, woodlands, meadows and dunelands.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating and Mitigating Introduction of Marine Non-Native Species Via Vessel Biofouling
    ICES AD HOC REPORT 2019 ICES Viewpoint background document: Evaluating and mitigating introduction of marine non-native species via vessel biofouling Editors Bella S. Galil ● Cynthia McKenzie Authors Bella S. Galil ● Cynthia McKenzie ● Sarah Bailey Marnie Campbell ● Ian Davidson ● Lisa Drake ● Chad Hewitt Anna Occhipinti-Ambrogi ● Richard Piola International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46 DK-1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: Galil, B.S., McKenzie, C., Bailey, S., Campbell M., Davidson, I., Drake, L., Hewitt, C., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., and Piola, R. 2019. ICES Viewpoint background document: Evaluating and mitigating introduction of marine non-native species via vessel bio- fouling. ICES Ad Hoc Report 2019. 17 pp. http://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.4680 For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the mate- rial in this report may be reused using the recommended citation. ICES may only grant usage rights of information, data, images, graphs, etc. of which it has ownership. For other third-party material cited in this report, you must contact the original copyright holder for permission. For citation of datasets or use of data to be included in other databases, please refer to the latest ICES data policy on the ICES website. All extracts must be acknowledged. For other reproduction requests please contact the General Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of the Council.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary and Acronyms Glossary Glossary
    Glossary andChapter Acronyms 1 ©Kevin Fleming ©Kevin Horseshoe crab eggs Glossary and Acronyms Glossary Glossary 40% Migratory Bird “If a refuge, or portion thereof, has been designated, acquired, reserved, or set Hunting Rule: apart as an inviolate sanctuary, we may only allow hunting of migratory game birds on no more than 40 percent of that refuge, or portion, at any one time unless we find that taking of any such species in more than 40 percent of such area would be beneficial to the species (16 U.S.C. 668dd(d)(1)(A), National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act; 16 U.S.C. 703-712, Migratory Bird Treaty Act; and 16 U.S.C. 715a-715r, Migratory Bird Conservation Act). Abiotic: Not biotic; often referring to the nonliving components of the ecosystem such as water, rocks, and mineral soil. Access: Reasonable availability of and opportunity to participate in quality wildlife- dependent recreation. Accessibility: The state or quality of being easily approached or entered, particularly as it relates to complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Accessible facilities: Structures accessible for most people with disabilities without assistance; facilities that meet Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards; Americans with Disabilities Act-accessible. [E.g., parking lots, trails, pathways, ramps, picnic and camping areas, restrooms, boating facilities (docks, piers, gangways), fishing facilities, playgrounds, amphitheaters, exhibits, audiovisual programs, and wayside sites.] Acetylcholinesterase: An enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetycholine to choline and acetate. Acetylcholinesterase is secreted by nerve cells at synapses and by muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions. Organophosphorus insecticides act as anti- acetyl cholinesterases by inhibiting the action of cholinesterase thereby causing neurological damage in organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Teleconnections of the Tropical Atlantic to the Tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans: a Review of Recent findings
    Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Vol. 18, No. 4, 445-454 (August 2009) Article c by Gebr¨uder Borntraeger 2009 Teleconnections of the tropical Atlantic to the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans: A review of recent findings 1∗ 2 2 3 CHUNZAI WANG ,FRED KUCHARSKI ,RONDROTIANA BARIMALALA and ANNALISA BRACCO 1NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida U.S.A. 2The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Earth System Physics Section Trieste, Italy 3School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. (Manuscript received November 12, 2008; in revised form February 16, 2009; accepted March 18, 2009) Abstract Recent studies found that tropical Atlantic variability may affect the climate in both the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean basins, possibly modulating the Indian summer monsoon and Pacific ENSO events. A warm tropical Atlantic Ocean forces a Gill-Matsuno-type quadrupole response with a low-level anticyclone located over India that weakens the Indian monsoon circulation, and vice versa for a cold tropical Atlantic Ocean. The tropical Atlantic Ocean can also induce changes in the Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs), especially along the coast of Africa and in the western side of the Indian basin. Additionally, it can influence the tropical Pacific Ocean via an atmospheric teleconnection that is associated with the Atlantic Walker circulation. Although the Pacific El Ni˜no does not contemporaneously correlate with the Atlantic Ni˜no, anomalous warming or cooling of the two equatorial oceans can form an inter-basin SST gradient that induces surface zonal wind anomalies over equatorial South America and other regions in both ocean basins.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive and Other Problematic Species, Genes and Diseases
    Invasive and Other Problematic Species, Genes and Diseases The threat category ‘invasive and other problematic species, genes and diseases’ (IUCN 8) includes both native and non-native plants, animals, pathogens, microbes, and genetic materials that have or are predicted to have harmful effects on biodiversity following their introduction, spread and/or increase in abundance. This definition encompasses a broad array of organisms, and the types of impacts to native species and habitats are equally variable. It includes invasive species that were not present in New Hampshire prior to European settlement, and have been directly or indirectly introduced and spread into the state by human activities. A variety of wildlife species are vulnerable to increased predation from both native and non-native animals. Many species are also affected by diseases and parasites, including white-nose syndrome in bats, fungal pathogens in reptiles, and ticks and nematodes in moose. Native and non-native insects act as forest pests, damaging or killing native tree species and causing significant changes to wildlife habitats. Native tree species can also be affected by non-native fungal pathogens. Invasive plants can compete with native species for nutrients, water and light, and can change the physical environment by altering soil chemistry. Risk Assessment Summary Invasive species affect all 24 habitats and 106 SGCN. This is second only to pollution in the number of species affected. The majority of threat assessment scores were ranked as low (n=116, 51%), followed by moderate (n = 83, 37%) and high (n = 26, 12%). Only the moderate and high-ranking threats are summarized for each category in Table 4-17.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Invasive Species on Ecosystem Services
    13 Impacts of Invasive Species on Ecosystem Services Heather Charles and Jeffrey S. Dukes 13.1 Introduction The impacts of invasive species on ecosystem services have attracted world- wide attention. Despite the overwhelming evidence of these impacts and a growing appreciation for ecosystem services, however, researchers and poli- cymakers rarely directly address the connection between invasions and ecosystem services. Various attempts have been made to address the ecosys- tem processes that are affected by invasive species (e.g., Levine et al. 2003; Dukes and Mooney 2004), but the links between these mechanisms and ecosystem services are largely lacking in the literature. Assessments of the economic impacts of invasive species cover costs beyond those associated with ecosystem services (e.g., control costs), and generally do not differentiate by ecosystem service type. Additionally, while advances have been made in quantifying non-market-based ecosystem services, their loss or alteration by invasive species is often overlooked or underappreciated. Ecos ystem services are the benefits provided to human society by natural ecosystems, or more broadly put, the ecosystem processes by which human life is maintained. The concept of ecosystem services is not new, and there have been multiple attempts to list and/or categorize these services, especially as the existence of additional services has been recognized (e.g., Daily 1997; NRC 2005). For the purposes of this chapter, we address ecosystem services in the framework put forward by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). The services we list are primarily those enumerated in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), with minimal variation in wording, and inclu- sion of several additional services not explicitly stated in this assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Climate Change on Fisheries and Aquaculture Impa on Fi
    ISSN 2070-7010 AO F APER TURE L P ISSN 2070-7010 627 TECHNICAL FISHERIES AND AQUACU AO F APER TURE L P 627 TECHNICAL FISHERIES AND AQUACU Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options on fisheries and aquaculture Impacts of climate change 627 Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture – Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options FAO 627 Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture – Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options FAO ISSN 2070-7010 I9705EN/1/06.18 306079 789251 ISSN 2070-7010 I9705EN/1/06.18 306079 9 ISBN 978-92-5-130607-9 789251 9 ISBN 978-92-5-130607-9 strategies and tools for mitigation. also includes chapters on disasters and extreme events (Chapter 23) and aquaculture sector, in the context of poverty alleviation. aquaculture sector, strategies and tools for mitigation. also includes chapters on disasters and extreme events (Chapter 23) and aquaculture sector, in the context of poverty alleviation. aquaculture sector, their fisheries (Chapters 18, 19 and 26), as well as aquaculture (Chapters 20 to 22). Technical Paper Technical the fisheries and aquaculture sector’s contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the fisheries and aquaculture sector’s The It covers marine capture fisheries and their environments (Chapters 4 to 17), inland waters and This FAO Technical Paper is aimed primarily at policymakers, fisheries managers and practitioners Technical This FAO and has been prepared particularly with a view to assisting countries in the development of their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Climate Agreement, the next versions of (Chapter 26).
    [Show full text]
  • Dune Ecology: Secondary Dunes and Beyond
    Dune Ecology: Secondary Dunes and Beyond Secondary Dunes and Dune Swales Behind the first or primary dune in natural areas are panicgrass, pin-sedge (Carex grayii) , lichens (Cladonia usually a series of additional or secondary dunes. In spp.) (Hosier 2003), the occasional low-growing beach most coastal areas this and the nearby landward plum or baybush, and Eastern prickly pear cactus communities have been lost to human developments (Opuntia humifussa). such as boardwalks, homes, and roads. However, in the few remaining undeveloped areas, such as northern Little bluestem is a clump-forming grass found in a Sandy Hook, Island Beach State Park, Edwin B. number of habitats, including dunes. It produces Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, North Brigantine abundant seeds that are an important food source for Natural Area, Stone Harbor Point, and Cape May songbirds, and its leaves form cover for ground birds National Wildlife Refuge, this zone is home to a wide and small mammals (Tober and Jensen 2013). Coastal variety of communities. Secondary dunes that are panicgrass is a tall grass species that only grows once relatively close to the dune front tend to have similar the sand has been stabilized by American beachgrass or vegetation to other species. Once established, it creates a fibrous root Sand spurge the primary system that further stabilizes the dune (USDA 2006b). dunes, e only cactus species native to New Jersey, the although the Eastern prickly pear, has virtually no leaves. Instead its beach grass stems are swollen into flat, green, fleshy pads that tends to be allow this plant to be extremely drought resistant.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Priorities for Reducing the Threat of Invasive Species to Sustainable Forestry Elizabeth A
    USDA Forest Service { National Agroforestry Center USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications University of Nebraska - Lincoln Year 2005 Science Priorities for Reducing the Threat of Invasive Species to Sustainable Forestry Elizabeth A. Chornesky Ann M. Bartuska, US Department of Agriculture Gregory H. Aplet, Wilderness Society Kerry O. Britton, USDA Forest Service Jane Cummings-Carlson, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Frank W. Davis, University of California Jessica Eskow, International Paper Doria R. Gordon, University of Florida Kurt W. Gottschalk, USDA Forest Service Robert A. Haack, USDA Forest Service Andrew J. Hansen, ofMontana State University Richard N. Mack, Washington State University Frank J. Rahel, University of Wyoming Margaret A. Shannon, State University of New York Lisa A. Wainger, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science T. Bently Wigley, National Council for Air and Stream Improve- ment, Inc. This paper is posted at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdafsfacpub/86 Articles Science Priorities for Reducing the Threat of Invasive Species to Sustainable Forestry ELIZABETH A. CHORNESKY, ANN M. BARTUSKA, GREGORY H. APLET, KERRY O. BRITTON, JANE CUMMINGS- CARLSON, FRANK W. DAVIS, JESSICA ESKOW, DORIA R. GORDON, KURT W. GOTTSCHALK, ROBERT A. HAACK, ANDREW J. HANSEN, RICHARD N. MACK, FRANK J. RAHEL, MARGARET A. SHANNON, LISA A. WAINGER, AND T. BENTLY WIGLEY Invasive species pose a major, yet poorly addressed, threat to sustainable forestry. Here we set
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Species Management Environmental Assessment
    United States Department of Agriculture Invasive Species Management Environmental Assessment Forest Service MAY 2011 Shawnee National Forest Alexander, Gallatin, Hardin, Jackson, Johnson, Massac, Pope, Saline, Union and Williamson Counties, Illinois Responsible Official: Hurston A. Nicholas, Forest Supervisor Contact Person: Matthew Lechner, Natural Resources Program Manager Shawnee National Forest Supervisor’s Office 50 Highway 145 South, Harrisburg, IL 62946 (618) 253-7114, Fax (618) 253-1060 [email protected] This document and supporting documents can be found on our website: http://fs.usda.gov/goto/shawnee 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1 – Purpose of and Need for Proposed Action ........................................ 3 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Purpose of and Need for Action ....................................................................................................... 6 Proposed Action ............................................................................................................................... 6 Decision Framework ........................................................................................................................ 7 Public Involvement ........................................................................................................................... 7 Issues .............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Glossary
    BIODIVERSITY GLOSSARY Biodiversity Glossary1 Access and benefit-sharing One of the three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity, as set out in its Article 1, is the “fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appro- priate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding”. The CBD also has several articles (especially Article 15) regarding international aspects of access to genetic resources. Alien species A species occurring in an area outside of its historically known natural range as a result of intentional or accidental dispersal by human activities (also known as an exotic or introduced species). Biodiversity Biodiversity—short for biological diversity—means the diversity of life in all its forms—the diversity of species, of genetic variations within one species, and of ecosystems. The importance of biological diversity to human society is hard to overstate. An estimated 40 per cent of the global economy is based on biologi- cal products and processes. Poor people, especially those living in areas of low agricultural productivity, depend especially heavily on the genetic diversity of the environment. Biodiversity loss From the time when humans first occupied Earth and began to hunt animals, gather food and chop wood, they have had an impact on biodiversity. Over the last two centuries, human population growth, overex- ploitation of natural resources and environmental degradation have resulted in an ever accelerating decline in global biodiversity. Species are diminishing in numbers and becoming extinct, and ecosystems are suf- fering damage and disappearing.
    [Show full text]