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Music Preferences in the U.S.: 1982-2002

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Music Preferences in the U.S.: 1982-2002 Music Preferences in the U.S.: 1982-2002 Lee Mizell with Brett Crawford and Caryn Anderson Prepared for the National Endowment for the Arts Updated June 2005 PREFACE This report was contracted by the National Endowment for the Arts (C02-91) to describe music preferences in the U.S. and how they have changed over time. The report describes the relationship between key demographic characteristics and music preferences. This study should be of interest to any reader who is a little curious to find out what type of music is likely to be playing on the radios, CD players, or iPods of adults in his or her community. The report should also be useful to educators, researchers, and music industry personnel who are invested in knowing who listens to what. Musical Preferences in the U.S., 1982-2002, p. i CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................................................. I CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ II TABLES ............................................................................................................................. IV FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. V SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... VI SUMMARY OF CHANGES OVER TIME .................................................................................. VI SUMMARY OF DEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF MUSIC PREFERENCES ................................ VII IN SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... X ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ XI ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................... XII INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 1 DEMOGRAPHIC CATEGORIES ............................................................................................... 3 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT .......................................................................................... 5 WHAT IS POPULAR TODAY? ........................................................................................ 6 POPULAR BROADCAST FORMATS ............................................................................. 8 BLUES/RHYTHM AND BLUES ............................................................................................... 8 CLASSIC ROCK/OLDIES ..................................................................................................... 11 COUNTRY/WESTERN ......................................................................................................... 14 MOOD/EASY LISTENING .................................................................................................... 17 RAP/HIP-HOP .................................................................................................................... 19 ROCK/HEAVY METAL ....................................................................................................... 21 TRADITIONAL BROADCAST FORMATS .................................................................. 25 CLASSICAL/CHAMBER MUSIC ........................................................................................... 25 JAZZ .................................................................................................................................. 27 OPERA ............................................................................................................................... 31 WORLD INFLUENCED FORMATS .............................................................................. 34 ETHNIC/NATIONAL TRADITIONAL MUSIC ......................................................................... 34 LATIN/SPANISH/SALSA ...................................................................................................... 36 NEW AGE/WORLD MUSIC ................................................................................................. 38 REGGAE ............................................................................................................................ 40 Musical Preferences in the U.S., 1982-2002, p. ii NICHE FORMATS ............................................................................................................ 43 BIG BAND/SWING ............................................................................................................. 43 BLUEGRASS ....................................................................................................................... 45 CHORAL/GLEE CLUB ......................................................................................................... 47 CONTEMPORARY FOLK ..................................................................................................... 49 DANCE MUSIC/ELECTRONICA ........................................................................................... 51 HYMNS/GOSPEL ................................................................................................................ 53 MUSICALS/OPERETTA/SHOW TUNES ................................................................................. 56 PARADE/MARCHING BAND ............................................................................................... 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................. 61 READINGS ON THE SOCIOLOGY OF MUSIC ......................................................................... 64 APPENDIX A: DESCRIPTION OF DATA ................................................................... 65 1982 SURVEY OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE ARTS ..................................................... 65 1992 SURVEY OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE ARTS ..................................................... 66 2002 SURVEY OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE ARTS ..................................................... 67 COMPARING DATA ACROSS TIME ....................................................................................... 69 COMPARING GENRES ACROSS TIME ................................................................................... 69 APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGIES ............................................................................. 71 POINT ESTIMATES ............................................................................................................. 71 STANDARD ERRORS .......................................................................................................... 71 HYPOTHESIS TESTING OF DIFFERENCES ............................................................................ 72 HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR LOGISTIC REGRESSIONS............................................................ 73 APPENDIX C: REGRESSION MODEL ....................................................................... 74 APPENDIX D: ESTIMATED AUDIENCE SIZE ......................................................... 82 APPENDIX E: SPPA SURVEY QUESTIONS .............................................................. 87 PARTICIPATION IN ARTS ACTIVITIES ................................................................................. 87 PARTICIPATION IN OTHER LEISURE ACTIVITIES ................................................................ 90 PERSONAL ARTS PARTICIPATION ...................................................................................... 91 INTEREST IN INCREASED PARTICIPATION (1992, 2002) ..................................................... 92 MUSIC PREFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 92 ARTS SOCIALIZATION ....................................................................................................... 93 TRAVEL AND THE ARTS ..................................................................................................... 96 INTERNET AND THE ARTS .................................................................................................. 96 Musical Preferences in the U.S., 1982-2002, p. iii TABLES TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN MUSIC PREFERENCES OVER TIME .............................. VI TABLE 2: MUSIC GENRES AND THE YEARS THEY APPEAR .................................................... 5 TABLE 3: WHO LIKES BLUES/RHYTHM & BLUES MUSIC?...................................................... 9 TABLE 4: WHO LIKES CLASSIC ROCK/OLDIES MUSIC? ........................................................ 12 TABLE 5: WHO LIKES COUNTRY/WESTERN MUSIC? ............................................................ 15 TABLE 6: WHO LIKES MOOD/EASY LISTENING MUSIC? ....................................................... 18 TABLE 7: WHO LIKES RAP/HIP HOP MUSIC?........................................................................ 20 TABLE 8: WHO LIKES ROCK/HEAVY METAL MUSIC? .......................................................... 22 TABLE 9: WHO LIKES CLASSICAL/CHAMBER MUSIC? .......................................................... 26 TABLE 10: WHO LIKES JAZZ MUSIC? ..................................................................................
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