DOCSLIB.ORG

Thn AMERICAN MINERALOGIST JOURNAL of TIIE MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY of AMERICA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thn AMERICAN MINERALOGIST JOURNAL of TIIE MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY of AMERICA THn AMERICAN MINERALOGIST JOURNAL OF TIIE MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA YoI.47 JANUARY-FEBRUARY, 1962 Nos. 1 and 2 SIGLOITE. A NEW MINERAL FROM TT,NT,T,ECUA, BOLIVIA* ConNnr-rus S. Hunrnur, ln., Harvard, Uniaersity, Cambridge, M assachusetts. RusSBr,r HoNna, Unioersity of Colorad'o,Bouliler, Colorod.o. Ans:rn,qct Sigloite,(Fer+, Fe2+)Al2eOtr(O,OH).8HzO, is a newmineral formed as an oxidation pseudomorphafter paravauxiteat Llallagua,Bolivia. Triclinic; a:5.26, b:1O.52, c:7.06A, a:106"58',g:111"30', t:69"30' a;b:c:0.4990i1:.0.6711;space group PT. Colorstraw yellow. G:2.35 meas.2.36 Calc., H:3. Opticallybiaxial (+), d:1.563' B:1.586,a:1.619,2Y:76o, r(v. Opticalorientation: X-d90" p32o,Y-6-lMo p70", 2-6-46" p66".Analysis gives PzOs 27.47, Al2Or 21.09, FezOe 13.53, FeO 2'76,l^.{nO 0.24, Mgo 0.87,Na2o 0.44, K:o 0.26,sioz 0.11, H2o 33.55, total 100.32, Strongest r-ray powder linesare 9.69 A (10)6.46 (9),4.86 (9). The name is from the Siglo XX mine,Llallagua. OccunnnNcn In 1954 through the courtesy of Senor P. P. Zubrzycki, Chief Ge- ologist, Corporacion Minera de Bolivia, the junior author collected the specimensused in the present study. On the 305-meter level of the Con- tacto vein, Siglo XX Mine, I-lallagua, cavities were found filled with straw yellow intergrowths of crystals; in other cavities similar crystals were perched on wavellite overgrowths on quartz. Although the morpho- logical appearanceof these crystals was similar to paravauxite, the color was sufficiently different to attract attention. Chemical analysis con- firmed the similarity and revealed the causeof the color difference. Most of the ferrous iron of paravauxite had been oxidized to the ferric state. The name, sigloite, taken from the Siglo XX mine, is given to the new mineral, an oxidation pseudomorph after paravauxite. Sigloite is ap- parently the mineral referred to by Bandy (1945, p. 56) as "hydrated paravauxite," a straw yellow alteration of paravauxite assumedto form by hydration. The minerals associated with sigloite, in addition to wavellite and paravauxite, include metavauxite, crandallite, childrenite, and an uni- dentified reddish-brown phosphate. These and other phosphate minerals * Mineralogical Contribution No. 401, Harvard University. 1 C. S. HURLBUT, TR. AND R. HONEA are found in open fractures cutting major cassiteriteveins on all levels of the mine, and were consideredof supergeneorigin by Ahlfeld (1931) and Gordon (1944). Turneaure (1935) indicated that vauxite is supergene but points out the unlikelihood of a supergeneorigin for the large amounts of wavellite. In later publications Bandy (1946) and Ahlfeld and Munoz (1943 and 1955) regard all of the phosphate minerals as belonging to the final phase of hydrothermal mineralization. Sigloite appears to be an ex- ception. Its pseudomorphousnature indicates formation from paravaux- ite during a Iater supergenestage. Pnvsrcer eNt Optrcar- PnoPBnrrns The pale straw yellow to light brown color of sigloite is in marked con- trast to that of paravuxite, which is colorlessto pale green. The two min- erals were observedtogether on only one specimen,and here most crystals were completely either one mineral or the other. However, a few showed a variation in color along their Iength and refractive index changescorre- sponding to the color differences.Although earlier suspected,it was this evidence that led the authors to the conclusion that the sigloite crystals are pseudomorphsafter paravauxite. The perfect {010} cleavageof paravauxite is preserved in sigloite, and in addition there is good {001} cleavage, traces of which are seen on [010]. On the reflectinggoniometer sigloite crystalsshow distorted and curved faces which give continuous signals over a wide angular range. Although one cannot use the measurement for calculations they served to identifythe followingcrystal forms: c{001}, b{010}, a{100} ,mlll}l, M Ill0l, tll2}l, A{011 } , rlltll, hlII2l. Figure 1 showsthe character- istic habit and form development. The hardness of sigloite is 3. The specific gravity measured on the Berman balanceis 2.35; 2.36 calculated. The optical properties of sigloite are given in Table 1 with those of paravauxite for comparison. It will be noted that ihe oxidation of the iron has produced an appreciablerise in refractive indices and increasein the birefringence. Figure 2 shows diagramatically the optical orientation of sigloite. A comparison of the stereogramsof Fig. 3 and 4 shows the marked differencein the optical orientation of paravauxite and sigloite. CnE,rurcarCouposrrtoN A chemical analysis of sigloite, made on the same material used for optical and x-ray study, is given in Table 2 with an analysis of paravaux- ite. The analyses correspond closely except for the state of oxidation of the iron. In sigloite, to balance the excesspositive charge of Fe"', there is assumedto be a concomitant substitution of oxygen for hydroxyl giv- SIGI,AITE, A NEW MINERAL M _-)----t- Frc. 1. Sigloite. pseudomorph after paravauxite. ing the formula (Fe3+Fez+){I, (por, (O,OH)r.gH2O. There is one for_ mula weight per unit cell. Difierential thermal analysis curves of sigloite and paravauxite are given in Fig. 5. The differencesin the marked endothermic peaks, be_ tween 100oand 300" c, resulting from the loss of water, indicale a difier- ence in the role of water in the two minerals. After heating to 1000o c, both sigloite and paravauxite yield a red powder. An r-ray powder photo- Tnnr,n 1 Oprrcar, propr-rrns ol Srcr,orrr .luo pnnavauxrre Orientation Indices (Na) E p x 900 32" a:1.563 opt. * y -lM Sigloite 70 €:1.586+0.001 2Y:76" -46 z 66 t:1.619 r<v strong x6l 56" a:1.552 opt.t Paravauxite Y 180 55 F:1.559+0.001 2Y:72" -61 <A z t:1.572 r<v C, S, ITURLBUT, JR. AND R. HONEA Frc. 2. Optical orientation of sigloite' Fro. 3, Sigloite. Frc. 4. Paravauxite. Stereograms showing optical orientation. Tl's]-E 2, Cunurcar, Arqelvsrs or Srcr-orrE 1. Sigloite 2. Paravauxite PrOu 27.47 27.64 AlzOa 2r.o9 2t.00 FezOs 13.53 1.52 FeO 2.76 13.60 MnO o.24 CaO 0.28 Mgo 0.87 0.22 NurO 0.M KzO o.26 SiOs 0.11 t.20 HzO JJ.JJ 35.05 t00.32 100.51 1. Jun Ito, analyst. 2. E. V. Shannonanalyst, in Gordon (19114). PARAVAUXITE SIGLOITE Fro. 5. Difierential thermal analysis curves of paravauxite and sigloite. Tasln 3. UNrr Cnrr. Drlmwsroxs oF Sror,orrE AND IsosrRUcruRAL MTNERAT-s Sigloite Paravauxite Gordonite Laueite a s.26A s.23A s.24A s.2sA o 10.52 ro.52 10.49 10.66 c 7.06 6.96 6.96 7.r4 d 106"58' r07"17, 107"25', 107'55' 11130 ttl 24 11104 11059 .Y 69 30 72 29 72 22 7r 07 aibic 0.4990i110.67110.497ltl;0.6671 0 .4990:1 :0 . 6635 0.4953:1:0.6698 G 2.35 2.36 2.23 2.4+-2.49 Ref. Dana System Dana System Strunz 1951 1951 t954 C. S. HURLBUT, JR. AND R. EONEA Tesrn 4. Ironxso x-Rlv Powonn PerrenN Or Srcr-Orrn.Fe Reotlrrow, Mn FII,rnn. r:1.9373 A d(meas.) d(calc.) | d(meas.) I hkl d(calc.) 9.6eA 10 010 9.70 2.0eA T51 2.lO 6.46 9 001 6.45 z42 2.lo 5.83 2 011 5.90 032 2.O9 4.86 9 II1 4.85 t22 2.08 020 4.85 2.04 2rl 2.03 4.79 J 110 4.78 20r 2.O3 4.68 4br 100 4.70 113 2.03 3 .91 , 120 3.96 t.952 212 1.959 3 .83 3 110 3.84 051 1.9s8 3.6r J 111 3.57 T40 1.946 3.33 T12 3.35 1.917 220 r.9r9 3.2s 3 012 3.25 21r 1.916 3.23 030 3.23 1.898 r32 1.903 o02 3.23 203 1.889 3.16 3 031 3.13 1.868 23t 1.870 3.09 + 130 3.08 252 1.870 111 3.08 1.806 tI T23 1.808 2.99 3 120 2.99 1.76r I 051 1.765 2.89 2 012 2.90 22t r.76r 121 2.89 T24 r.76t 2.82 I32 2.81 113 t.756 T2r 2.79 1.750 151 1.752 031 2.79 161 r.751 2.72 3 1r2 2.70 IT4 1.7s0 2.62 1 12r 2.64 2s0 r.747 zn 2.61 1.732 32r 1.738 2.58 22r 2.59 n2 r.736 T4r 2.59 2r3 |.733 2.56 5 032 2.54 t.669 2.39 2b 212 2.40 1.626 220 2.39 1.615 77a 2.38 1.570 2.34 200 2.35 t.524 II3 2.33 1.498 2.27 3 T22 2.28 t.464 2.12 J oE3 2.t2 r.n7 1.358 r.292 * b:broad. SIGI.OITE. A NEW MINERAL Tesrr 5. Srcrortn d-Sp,tcrriTosColm.q'n.ro wrrs Isosrnucrunel MrNrrer,s. 1 ar.ro4-Fe R.aola.rroN,Mn Fu,rnn; 2 nr.lo3-Cu RenrerroN, Ni Frr.rnn 1. Sigloite 2. Paravauxite 3. Gordonite 4. Laueite d I d I d I dI 9.6eA 10 e.82A 10 e.78A 10 9.91A 10 6.46 9 6.38 9 6.32 6.57 7 5.83 2 5.92 1 4.86 6.17 2 4.86 9 4.9r 4 4.76 4.95 8 4.79 ? 4.20 9 4.50 1 4.27 | I 468 4bf 4.15 2 4.15 1 4.15 | 3.9r 4 3.91 3.94 J 4.O2 5 n 3.83 J 3.61 J .55 z 3.93 5 3.61 J 3.25 7 3.61 2 3.70 2 333 2 J.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diagenesis in Prehistoric Caves: the Use of Minerals That Form in Situ to Assess the Completeness of the Archaeological Record
    Journal of Archaeological Science (2000) 27, 915–929 doi:10.1006/jasc.1999.0506, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Diagenesis in Prehistoric Caves: the Use of Minerals that Form In Situ to Assess the Completeness of the Archaeological Record Panagiotis Karkanas Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology, 34b Ardittou, Athens 11636, Greece Ofer Bar-Yosef Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Paul Goldberg Department of Archaeology, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A. Steve Weiner Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100 (Received 21 May 1999, revised manuscript accepted 29 September 1999) An interpretation of the archaeological record, in particular that of a prehistoric cave site, is complicated by the diversity of depositional and post-depositional processes that affect the material deposited. Here we propose to use the authigenic minerals that form in situ within the cave sediments to reconstruct the ancient chemical environments in the sediments. This can be done by experimentally determining the conditions under which each of the authigenic minerals are stable. Although this information is not available to date for minerals formed in a prehistoric cave, we present calculated stability field data for the relevant minerals. The results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. This information, particularly if based on measurements of real authigenic cave minerals, will facilitate an assessment of the completeness of the cave archaeological record. This is particularly important for determining whether or not the distributions of archaeologically important materials, such as bones, teeth, plant phytoliths, charcoal and ash, reflect their original burial distributions or were altered as a result of secondary diagenetic processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Scanned
    INDEX,VOLUME 59* Absorption coefficients Albite, continued attapulgite 1113 1ow-, comparison with ussingite 347 clay ninerals 11r3 nelting in nultispecies fluid 598 dickite 274 Alexandrite, chrorniumIII centers in 159 hal loysite 274 hectorite I 113 ALLAN, DAVID illite 1113 with V. Brown, and J. Stark, Rocke kaolinite 274 and Minez,als of Califowi,a; reviewed metabentonite 1113 by J. Murdoch 387 nontronite 1113 Allemontite, see stibarsen 1331 srnectite 1113 ALLMAN,MICHAEL Absorption spectra with D.F. Lawrence, Geological alexandrite, synthetic 159 Labonatony Techni.ques reviewed apophyllite 62I ; by F.H. Manley and W.R. Powers IL42 garnet 565 olivine 244 A1lophane rhodonite.. shocked t77 dehydration, DTA, infrared spectra 1094 Acmite, Ti-, phase relations of 536 Almandine Actinolite overgrowth by grossularite- spessartine 558 coexisting with hoinblende 529 in netamorphic rocks, optical Arnerican Crystallographic Association, properties 22 abstracts, Spring neeting,1974 1L27 Activity coefficients Amphiboles of coexisting pyroxenes 204 actinolite 2? 529 Al -Ca-anphibole ADMS, HERBERTG. 22 compositions 22 with L.H. Cohen, and W. Klenent, Jr.; coordination polyhedra M High-low quartz inversion : Thermal of site atons in I 083 analysis studies to 7 kbar I 099 hornblende L, 22, 529, 604 ADAMS,JOHN W. magnesioarfvedsonite (authigenic) 830 with T. Botinelly, W.N. Sharp, and refraction indices 22 K. Robinson; Murataite, a new richterite, Mg-Fe- 518 conplex oxide from E1 Paso County, AMSTUTZ,G.C. Colorado L72 with A.J. Bernard, Eds., )nes in Errata 640 Sediments; reviewed by P.B. Barton 881 Aenigmatite ANDERSEN,C.A. in volcanic conplex, composition, and X-ray data Micz,opnobeAnalysis; reviewed by A.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Simulant Basis for the Standard High Solids Vessel Design September 2017
    PNNL-24476, Rev 1 WTP-RPT-241, Rev 1 Simulant Basis for the Standard High Solids Vessel Design September 2017 RA Peterson RA Daniel SK Fiskum PA Gauglitz SR Suffield BE Wells PNNL-24476, Rev 1 WTP-RPT-241, Rev 1 Simulant Basis for the Standard High Solids Vessel Design RA Peterson RA Daniel SK Fiskum PA Gauglitz SR Suffield BE Wells September 2017 Test Specification: N/A Work Authorization: WA# 048 Test Plan: TP-WTPSP-132, Rev 1.0 Test Exceptions: N/A Focus Area: Pretreatment Test Scoping Statement(s): NA QA Technology Level: Applied Research Project Number: 66560 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 Revision History Revision Interim Number Change No. Effective Date Description of Change 0 0 Initial issue. 1 0 September 2017 Due to revision of Johnson (2016) (24590-WTP-ES-ENG-16- 021, De-Inventory Testing for the Standard High Solids Vessel), Section 3.3 and Table 4.1 were revised. This revision is limited to those portions of this document impacted by the Johnson document. Executive Summary The Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) is working to develop a Standard High Solids Vessel Design (SHSVD) process vessel. To support testing of this new design, WTP engineering staff requested that a Newtonian simulant and a non-Newtonian simulant be developed that would represent the Most Adverse Design Conditions (in development)1 with respect to mixing performance as specified by WTP. The majority of the simulant requirements are specified in 24590-PTF-RPT-PE-16-001, Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Scanned
    150 THE AMERICAN MI NERALOGIST NIr. Broadrvell:- Bismuth from Kingsgate, N. S. Wales Nlolybdenite from Deepwater, N. S. W. Arsenopyrite from Emmaville, N. S. W. Mr. Ma1'nard:- Calcite in fluorite from Weardale, Eng. Fluorite from Corn- wall, Eng. Calcite frorn Weardale, Eng. Mr. Ashby:- Amethyst with cavities after aragonite. Capped quartz frodt Schlaggenwald, Bohemia, with 4 cappings each about fu inch thick, the complete separation being bet'rveen the second and third cap. Fossil copal from near Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, South America, and containing the pupa of insects, similar to white ants. The interesting point being that the contents of the pupa cavity is still liquid in the fossil gum Meeting adjourned 9.35 P. I,I. Hrnnnnr P. Wurrrocx, Record.ingSecretary. NEW MINERALS: NEW SPECIES CLASS: PHOSPHATES, IITC. DIVISION: R":Uv':P:H2O:2:1:2:1. Parsonsite Ar-rnao Scuonp: Sur Ia parsonsite, nouveau min6ral radioactif. [Parsonsite, a new radioactive mineral I Compt. rend.,176, (3) l7l-173, 1923. Narta: Dedicated to Professor A L. Parsons of Toronto. Cnnrnrcar, ?RonERTTES:Formula, regarded as probably 2PbO. UOs PzO;. HzO or Pb,(UOt(POd,.H,O. Theory, PbO 50.0, UO3 32.1, PrOb 15.9, HrO 204/s. Analysis on smail samples purified by washing gave: PbO 44.71' CuO 0 25, CaO 0.63,AlrO3 1 23, UOi 29 67,P2Oi 15.08,TeOs 3 01, MoO3 0.43, CO2 1.19, HrO 1.56, insol. 1.51%; summation given as 99.17, bt actually 99.277a The Cu is believed to come from admixed torbernite which likewise contains Te and Mo [Other admixture appearsto be present, and it is to be hoped that the formula can be confirmed on purer material.l In the closed tube yields HzO and becomes yellowish.
    [Show full text]
  • STRONG and WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS of TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS and THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth a Dissertati
    STRONG AND WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry. Chapel Hill 2018 Approved by: Scott C. Warren James F. Cahoon Wei You Joanna M. Atkin Matthew K. Brennaman © 2018 Tyler William Farnsworth ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Tyler William Farnsworth: Strong and weak interlayer interactions of two-dimensional materials and their assemblies (Under the direction of Scott C. Warren) The ability to control the properties of a macroscopic material through systematic modification of its component parts is a central theme in materials science. This concept is exemplified by the assembly of quantum dots into 3D solids, but the application of similar design principles to other quantum-confined systems, namely 2D materials, remains largely unexplored. Here I demonstrate that solution-processed 2D semiconductors retain their quantum-confined properties even when assembled into electrically conductive, thick films. Structural investigations show how this behavior is caused by turbostratic disorder and interlayer adsorbates, which weaken interlayer interactions and allow access to a quantum- confined but electronically coupled state. I generalize these findings to use a variety of 2D building blocks to create electrically conductive 3D solids with virtually any band gap. I next introduce a strategy for discovering new 2D materials. Previous efforts to identify novel 2D materials were limited to van der Waals layered materials, but I demonstrate that layered crystals with strong interlayer interactions can be exfoliated into few-layer or monolayer materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Meeting
    Joint Meeting 19. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kristallographie 89. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft (MinPet 2011) 20.-24. September 2011 Salzburg Referate Oldenbourg Verlag – München Inhaltsverzeichnis Plenarvorträge ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Goldschmidt Lecture .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Vorträge MS 1: Crystallography at High Pressure/Temperature ................................................................................................. 4 MS 2: Functional Materials I ........................................................................................................................................ 7 MS 3: Metamorphic and Magmatic Processes I ......................................................................................................... 11 MS 4: Computational Crystallography ....................................................................................................................... 14 MS 5: Synchrotron- and Neutron Diffraction ............................................................................................................. 17 MS 6: Functional Materials II and Ionic Conductors ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Phosphate Mineral Sigloite Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3·7(H2O), An
    Journal of Molecular Structure 1033 (2013) 258–264 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Molecular Structure journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/molstruc 3+ The phosphate mineral sigloite Fe Al2(PO4)2(OH)3Á7(H2O), an exception to the paragenesis rule – A vibrational spectroscopic study ⇑ Ray L. Frost a, , Yunfei Xi a, Ricardo Scholz b, Fernanda Maria Belotti c, Mauro Cândido Filho d a School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia b Geology Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-00, Brazil c Federal University of Itajubá, Campus Itabira, Itabira, MG 35903-087, Brazil d Mining Engineer Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-00, Brazil highlights 3+ " We have studied the molecular structure of the phosphate mineral sigloite Fe Al2(PO4)2(OH)3Á7H2O. " Vibrational spectroscopy identifies both phosphate and hydrogen phosphate units in the sigloite structure. " Sigloite is the exception to the rule that phosphate mineral paragenesis is related to the final phase of hydrothermal mineralization. " The observation of multiple OH bands gives credence to the non-equivalence of the OH units in the sigloite structure. article info abstract 3+ Article history: The secondary phosphate mineral sigloite Fe Al2(PO4)2(OH)3Á7H2O is the exception to the rule that phos- Received 6 September 2012 phate mineral paragenesis is related to the final phase of hydrothermal mineralization at low tempera- Received in revised form 3 October 2012 tures.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues in Quantitative Phase Analysis
    Issues in Quantitative Phase Analysis Arnt Kern & Ian Madsen This document was presented at PPXRD - Pharmaceutical Powder X-ray Diffraction Symposium Sponsored by The International Centre for Diffraction Data This presentation is provided by the International Centre for Diffraction Data in cooperation with the authors and presenters of the PPXRD symposia for the express purpose of educating the scientific community. All copyrights for the presentation are retained by the original authors. The ICDD has received permission from the authors to post this material on our website and make the material available for viewing. Usage is restricted for the purposes of education and scientific research. PPXRD Website – www.icdd.com/ppxrd ICDD Website - www.icdd.com Issues in Quantitative Phase Analysis Limitations in accuracy and precision are mostly experimental • Mathematical basis and methodology of quantitative phase analysis is well established and work OK • Errors arise during application of methods ("PICNIC") Sample related errors • The material is not an "ideal powder" • Preferred orientation • Particle statistics • ... • Absorption • ... Issues in Quantitative Phase Analysis Operator errors • Incomplete / wrong phase identification The Reynolds Cup – what is needed to win? Mark D Raven and Peter G Self 29 July 2014 CSIRO LAND AND WATER / MINERALS RESOURCES FLAGSHIPS Non clay minerals (2002-2012) • Quartz (18) • Gypsum (2) • Apatite (1) • K-feldspar (13) • Anhydrite (2) • Tourmaline (2) • Plagioclase (14) • Alunite (1) • Zircon (2) • Calcite
    [Show full text]
  • Removing Phosphate from Hanford High-Phosphate Tank Wastes: FY 2010 Results
    PNNL-19778 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Removing Phosphate from Hanford High-Phosphate Tank Wastes: FY 2010 Results GJ Lumetta AR Felmy JC Braley JC Carter MK Edwards PJ MacFarlan O Qafoku September 2010 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Printed in the United States of America Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062; ph: (865) 576-8401 fax: (865) 576 5728 email: [email protected] Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161 ph: (800) 553-6847 fax: (703) 605-6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm PNNL-19778 Removing Phosphate from Hanford High-Phosphate Tank Wastes: FY 2010 Results GJ Lumetta AR Felmy JC Braley JC Carter MK Edwards PJ MacFarlan O Qafoku September 2010 Prepared for the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • X-Ray Structure Refinement and Vibrational Spectroscopy Of
    crystals Article X-ray Structure Refinement and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Metavauxite FeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O Giancarlo Della Ventura 1,2 , Francesco Capitelli 3, Giancarlo Capitani 4, Gennaro Ventruti 5,* and Alessandro Monno 5 1 Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Largo S. L. Murialdo 1, 00146 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 2 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via E. Fermi 40, I-00044 Rome, Italy 3 Institute of Crystallography-CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00016 Monterotondo (Roma), Italy; [email protected] 4 Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra (DISAT), Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126 Milano, Italy; [email protected] 5 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università di Bari, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-080-5442596 Received: 11 May 2019; Accepted: 3 June 2019; Published: 6 June 2019 Abstract: In this paper, we provide a crystal-chemical investigation of metavauxite, ideally FeAl (PO ) (OH) 8H O, from Llallagua (Bolivia) by using a multi-methodological approach based 2 4 2 2· 2 on EDS microchemical analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Our new diffraction results allowed us to locate all hydrogen atoms from the structure refinements in the monoclinic P21/c space group. Metavauxite structure displays 7 a complex framework consisting of a stacking of [Al(PO4)3(OH)(H2O)2] − layers linked to isolated 2+ [Fe(H2O)6] cationic octahedral complex solely by hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen-bonding scheme was inferred from bond-valence calculations and donor-acceptor distances.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Scanned
    264 THE AMEMCAN MINERALOGIST treatment of the various phases of crystal habit and related phenomena the author has rendered an excellent service to the many investigators now studying these interesting problems. Eoweru H. Knaus PROCEEDINGSOF SOCIETIES PHILADELPHIA MINERA]-OGICAL SOCIETY Acodemy oJ Naturol Sciences oJ Philadelphia, Aqril 7, 1927. A stated meeting of the Philadelphia Mineralogical Society was held on the above date; the vice-president, Mr. Clay, presided. Twenty-three members and four visitors were present. Mr. Harold Poole of Miquon, Pa., was elected to membership. Mr. Samuel G. Gordon presented a paper on A Preliminary Note on Metottauxite, a N ew Phosphate Mineral from Llallaguo, Bolittia. It has the following properties: colorless or white; luster, vitreous or silky; form. acicular crystals or radiating fibrousaggregates;hardness 3;specific gravity 2.34. Monoclinic: a:b:c:1.20M:l: O'7272;p:$!"19';fo:0'6037,q0:O.6379;e:0.4800; habitprismatic. Optieallyf, X:b, ZAc:17'; a:1.550, B:1.561, t:1.577;'y-a:0027. The formula from an analysis by Mr. Earl V. Shannon is compared below with those of vauxite, paravauxite, etc. \rauxite (blue) FeO. AlzOa'PzOr' 6HrO Triclinic Paravauxite FeO ALOB'PrO5' sH"O, Triclinic Metavauxite FeO'ALOa PzOs 4HzO Monoclinic Laz;u]ite(Fe,Mg)O. AIzOr' PzOs H:O Monoclinic Wavellite 2Altoz. 2Pzos.2AI(OH,F)3' 10Hro orthorhombic Mr. Biernbaum reported on a trip taken by several members to Avondale and Lieperville, Delaware Co. He exhibited cyanite from Ridley Park and Mr. Clay displayed garnet, likewise collected on this trip.
    [Show full text]
  • Lazulite Mgal2(PO4)2(OH)2 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic
    Lazulite MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. As crystals, stubby to acute dipyramidal with forms {111}, {111}, {101}, to 15 cm, or tabular on {111} or {101}, with several other forms noted; granular, massive. Twinning: Common on {100} with composition plane {001} and marked re-entrant, occasionally producing lamellar or polysynthetic groups; rare on {223};by reflection on {221} with composition plane {331}; several other twin laws reported. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Poor to good on {110}; indistinct on {101}. Fracture: Uneven to splintery. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 5.5–6 D(meas.) = 3.122–3.240 D(calc.) = 3.144 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent, may be nearly opaque. Color: Azure-blue, sky-blue, bluish white, yellow-green, blue-green, rarely green. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Pleochroism: Strong; X = colorless; Y = blue; Z = darker blue. Orientation: Y = b; X ∧ c =10◦. Dispersion: r< v,weak. Absorption: Z > Y X. α = 1.604–1.626 β = 1.626–1.654 γ = 1.637–1.663 2V(meas.) = ∼70◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/c. a = 7.144(1) b = 7.278(1) c = 7.228(1) β = 120.50(1)◦ Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Werfen, Austria; nearly identical to scorzalite. 3.23 (100), 3.20 (59), 3.14 (55), 3.077 (42), 4.73 (18), 2.548 (18), 1.571 (18) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) P2O5 45.79 44.64 FeO 3.95 11.30 TiO2 0.20 MgO 10.38 6.34 Al2O3 32.49 32.06 CaO 0.06 Fe2O3 0.60 H2O 6.48 5.66 Total 99.95 100.00 (1) Graves Mountain, Georgia, USA.
    [Show full text]