ETHIOPIA Humanitarian Access Situation Report August – September 2019

This report is produced by OCHA Ethiopia in collaboration with humanitarian partners. It covers the period August - September 2019. The next report will be issued in December 2019.

OVERVIEW !

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! KEY FIGURES • The humanitarian community remains concerned !

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! the safety of aid workers. The 5 September at- !

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tack against an INGO vehicle in Gambela, where ! ! ! ! ! !

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two aid workers were killed, is the first deliberate ! ! !

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attack against a humanitarian partner in Ethiopia ! !

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Awi ! ! !

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Oromia!

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GUMUZ ! ! !

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Kemashi !

• Localized clashes in western and southern Oro- ! ! ! !

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mia continue to limit access to population in ! !

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need and the quality of the response. The situa- !

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woreda ! !

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tion in Guji zone has significantly deteriorated in !

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Gedeo!

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September, displaced an estimated additional ! ! ! ! !

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15,000 people, tensions remain high in the area !

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! while authorities and partners are mobilizing to !

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! Daawa ! respond. Aug e • Assistance is still not reaching the persons most Source: Access Incidents database The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement in need, in particular IDPs who did not return to or acceptance by the United Nations. areas of origin and remain displaced. Partners report lack of access to an estimated 40,000 REPORTED ACCESS INCIDENTS BY TYPE IDPs in Gedeo (SNNPR), 20,000 in Wellegas (Oro- 2% 2% mia), and 17,000 in Awi zone (Amhara). Oromia 4%omali Amhara amela enishangul Afar Tigray ire awa Addis Oromia7% amela omali enishanActivegul hostilities ir e awa TRestrictionigray A accessmhara to servicesAfar • In some areas IDPs are being coerced to return umz umz Aaa hysical environement Oerational interference through denial of assistance, with aid made con- 160 iolence against Restriction of movement 26% 58% ditional to returns, in violation of the principles of Total humanitarians enial of eistence voluntary, safe and dignified return. Assistance incidents ureaucratic imediments to IDPs in Awi zone is compromised by the dismantling of sites and ending food aid.

• Insufficient food assistance to the affected pop- REPORTED ACCESS INCIDENTS BY REGION ulation was reported in multiple locations, e.g. Hararges, Wellegas and southern Oromia, Benis- hangul Gumuz. This is prompting an increase in malnutrition rates and pushing IDPs to resort to extreme copying mechanisms. Aug e • There remain significant gaps in the provision of basic services in areas of IDP returns, com- promising their sustainability. In Kamashi (BGR), access to health, WASH, and education services are highly constrained. • The rainy season has hampered operations in Oromia omali Amhara amela enishangul Afar Tigray ire awa Addis multiple locations across the country, includ- umz Aaa ing in areas with large number of IDPs such as southern Somali region. Meanwhile, access to thousands of people in Afar region has been affected by floods.

The mission of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is to Coordinate the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. We advocate for effective and principled humanitarian action by all, for all. www.unocha.org/ethiopia Access Situation Report August – September 2019 | 2

SITUATION OVERVIEW

Afar region

The conflict between Afar and Issa Somali communities remains unabated, with sporadic clashes in contested border areas over the use of land by pastoralists from both sides hindering political efforts and aid operations. Since June, more than 30,000 people have been displaced and reside with host communities in seven woredas in Afar region, no emergency response has been provided. Early August, at the time when high-level Oromo and Somali officials engaged in peace discus- sions in Jijiga, fresh clashes were reported in Allale and Madane, Afdem woredas (Sitti zone). Skirmishes erupted again at the end of September, though this time the situation was quickly brought under control by security forces, limiting further humanitarian impact and avoiding the blockage of the Semera - Addis road.

In September, near 3,300 people were affected by floods in Aysaita zone 1 and Gewane woreda zone 3. Cumulatively, some 35,800 people have been affected by floods since June in the woredas of Dubti, Teru, Megale, Gelaalo, Dullessa, Awash Fentale, Aysaita, Gewane, and Semera Logyia city administration in Afar. NDRMC and few partners provided some emergency ES/NFIs and WASH items. In addition, flooding impacted partners’ movements in Afar zones 4 and 5 and in Gablalu and Afdem woredas (Sitti).

North Western Eastern Central Western

Mekele SpecialZone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) North Gondar South Eastern

Wag Hamra Central Gondar Southern West Gondar Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu)

North Wello South Gondar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu)

Awi West Gojam South Wello Oromia East Gojam Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Asosa

Kemashi North Shewa(O)North Shewa(A) Horo Gudru Wellega West Wellega East Wellega Mao Komo Special Dire DawaHarari urban Fafan West Shewa Dire Dawa rural Region 14 East Hararge Kelem Wellega Finfine Special West Hararge Buno Bedele South West Shewa East Shewa Ilu Aba Bora Nuwer Itang Special Guraghe Jarar Arsi Erer Jimma Siltie Agnewak Yem Special Hadiya Amhara region Sheka Halaba Special Majeng Doolo Kefa Hadiya West Arsi Nogob Dawuro Konta Special Wolayita Sidama Bale Korahe Gamo Gofa Bench Maji Gedeo

Shabelle Segen Area P.West Guji Guji South Omo Afder Liban

Borena Daawa The socio-political environment in Amhara region – following June events – remains agitated, with the disruption of government services, particularly in rural areas. By mid-August, a joint assessment showed an increase of IDPs from 72,000 to 108,000 people in Central and West Gondar zones. This increase is mainly due to previous registration challenges plus the fact that many were hiding in fear of violence and some crossed into Sudan or Tigray region. So far, the Government supported the return of some 67,000 IDPs to areas of origin in Central /West Gonder.

At the end of September, the old political standoff of ethnic Qemant in Amhara escalated into new armed confrontations in Chilga (North Gonder zone) causing casualties and displacing some 15,000 people, with road blockages reported between Gonder town and Metema. Partners decided to hibernate and stopped operations. The security situation stabilized upon the deployment of EDF, though sporadic clashes and tensions continue at the time of writing.

North Western Eastern Central Western

Mekele SpecialZone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) South Eastern

Southern Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu)

Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu)

Awi

Asosa

Kemashi North Shewa(O) Horo Gudru Wellega West Wellega East Wellega Mao Komo Special Dire DawaHarari urban Fafan West Shewa Dire Dawa rural Region 14 East Hararge Kelem Wellega Finfine Special West Hararge Buno Bedele South West Shewa East Shewa Ilu Aba Bora Nuwer Itang Special Guraghe Jarar Arsi Erer Jimma Siltie Agnewak Yem Special Hadiya Sheka Halaba Special Majeng Doolo Kefa Hadiya West Arsi Nogob Dawuro Amhara region (Awi zone) - Benishanghul Gumuz region (Metekel zone) Konta Special Wolayita Sidama Bale Korahe Gamo Gofa Bench Maji Gedeo

Shabelle Segen Area P.West Guji Guji South Omo Afder Liban

Borena Daawa Since June, an estimated 21,000 IDPs from Kamashi and Metekel zones were displaced to Awi zone following clashes between ethnic Amhara and Gumuz. With the establishment of a command post, the security situation in both zones reportedly improved. However, there remains tension and polarization between both groups in Metekel, and government and business remain dysfunctional. Regional authorities and partners assisted initially with food and NFIs, amid reports of gender and sexual based violence. At the end of August, some 4,400 IDPs were assisted to return by the government.

In August, the Amhara regional authorities transported food to people affected by conflict in Mandura (BGR), though only targeting Amhara returnees (excluding Gumuz). Partners expressed concern on this approach (humanitarian principle of ‘impartiality’) which could exacerbate tensions between communities. Further, authorities used coercive measures to trig- ger the return of IDPs to Metekel such as dismantling sites in Chagni woreda in August or stopping food distributions in September. Tensions and sporadic violence in border areas between both regions continue to challenge the return of IDPs.

Gambela region

On 5 September, one INGO vehicle was ambushed by unknown perpetrators in Itang area, two aid workers were shot dead. Insecurity in Gambela has been a major concern for partners for a long-time, with host communities and refugees bearing the brunt of protracted violence between Anuak and Nuer. The humanitarian community strongly condemned the attack and asked the government to strengthen security in areas with aid operations, and arrest and prosecute those responsible. As of end of September, the investigation has not been concluded and no arrests have been made. So far in 2019, there have been at least fifteen violent incidents against humanitarian personnel, assets and facilities in Gambela.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs www.unocha.org/ethiopia Access Situation Report August – September 2019 | 3

Following the incident, partners suspended all activities in the region from 5 - 19 September, interrupting critical services to an estimated 400,000 refugees and host communities. This is the sixth time partners’ operations are restricted by gen- eral civil unrest in the region in 2019. Some challenges include limited security forces presence outside Gambela town, pressure/ violence by youth on employment, poor state of road infrastructure or social media threats against aid partners. Ultimately, partners resumed operations with some extraordinary measures such as strengthened security presence in the

main roads and the temporary use of militaryW escorted convoys.

North Western Eastern Central Western

Mekele SpecialZone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) South Eastern

Southern Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu)

Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu)

Asosa

North Shewa(O)

West Shewa Fafan Region 14 Kelem Wellega Finfine Special Buno Bedele South West Shewa East Shewa Ilu Aba Bora Nuwer Itang Special Guraghe Jarar Arsi Erer Jimma Siltie Agnewak Yem Special Hadiya Sheka Halaba Special Majeng Doolo Kefa Hadiya West Arsi Nogob Dawuro Eastern Oromia (Hararges) Konta Special Wolayita Sidama Bale Korahe Gamo Gofa Bench Maji Gedeo

Shabelle Segen Area P.West Guji Guji South Omo Afder Liban

Borena Daawa There are an estimated 157,000 returnees and 147,000 IDPs in East Hararge, and 95,000 returnees and 28,000 IDPs in West Hararge. While the security situation – related to the border dispute between Oromia and Somali– has improved in recent months, some kebeles in East Hararge’s Meyu Muleke, Kumbi and Gursum woredas continued to be inaccessible due to unresolved land property issues. Partners report the interruption in food distributions since July prompting increased food insecurity among IDPs and returnees, and limited access to health services due to damaged health facilities during the conflict.

Early August, a clash was reported between Oromo and Issa Somalis, following the detention of Oromo pastoralist and looting of livestock, causing an undetermined number of casualties, impacted the security situation along the Mieso/ Dobba (West Hararge) and Muli/ Miesso woredas (Sitti), and hindered IDP returns to West Hararge. In addition, partners reported access limitations to Doba woreda as a result of intercommunal fighting as well as to the bad conditions of the roads related to weather. In East Hararge, in September, clashes were reported in Chinaksen woreda between Jarso and unknown Somali armed men in border villages of Derbiga, Qaliga and Kalaroga. The situation affected critical nutrition activities, and some partners have reportedly stopped operations since.

North Western Eastern Central Western

Mekele SpecialZone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) North Gondar South Eastern

Wag Hamra Central Gondar Southern West Gondar Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu)

North Wello South Gondar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu)

Awi West Gojam Metekel South Wello Oromia East Gojam Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Asosa Kemashi

North Shewa(O)North Shewa(A) Dire Dawa urban Horo Gudru Wellega East Wellega Harari Fafan West Shewa Dire Dawa rural Region 14 KelemWest Wellega Wellega Finfine Special Mao Komo Special Buno Bedele South West Shewa East Shewa Ilu Aba Bora Nuwer Itang Special Guraghe Jarar Arsi EastErer Hararge Jimma Siltie Agnewak Yem Special West Hararge Hadiya Southern Oromia (West Guji) and SNNPR (Gedeo) Sheka Halaba Special Majeng Doolo Kefa Hadiya West Arsi Nogob Dawuro Konta Special Wolayita GedeoSidama Bale Korahe Gamo Gofa Bench Maji

Shabelle Segen Area P. Guji South Omo Afder West Guji Liban

Borena Daawa Officially, some 300,000 IDPs have returned to West Guji and 95,000 to Gedeo, while an undetermined number have not returned to their original homes and remain displaced within the two zones. In West Guji, in August, clashes with unidentified armed groups (UAGs) hampered operations in several kebeles in Gelana and Abaya woredas. Clashes were also reported in Bule Hora, Dugda Dawa, Kercha, and Melka Soda woredas. In September, the number of reported security-related access constraints significantly reduced, with all parts of Gelana accessible for the first time in months, while some issues were reported in two kebeles in Bule Hora, Melka Soda, Surro Berguda and Dugda Dawa woredas.

In Gedeo, a post-return assessment conducted by the protection cluster identified 400 IDPs in Yirgachefe and 7,900 in Gedeb who did not return to West Guji. In addition, partners identified an estimated 40,000 IDPs who did not return due to insecurity and limited assistance/services, and who remained unassisted. During the “joint targeting exercise” launched in April to reduce exclusion errors in targeting people in need, authorities did not allow inclusion of the remaining IDPs onto beneficiary lists. Conversely, in West Guji, in August, exclusion errors identified during the post-return monitoring exercise were rectified and most persons affected included. In addition, some 600 IDP households were identified in Bule Hora, Kercha and Hambella Wamena woredas from Guji zone, who expressed their reluctance to return but noted that they could

North Western Eastern access government services locally. Central Western

Mekele SpecialZone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) North Gondar South Eastern

Wag Hamra Central Gondar Southern West Gondar Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu)

North Wello South Gondar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu)

Awi West Gojam Metekel South Wello Oromia East Gojam Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Asosa Kemashi

North Shewa(O)North Shewa(A) Dire Dawa urban Horo Gudru Wellega East Wellega Harari Fafan West Shewa Dire Dawa rural Region 14 KelemWest Wellega Wellega Finfine Special Mao Komo Special Buno Bedele South West Shewa East Shewa Ilu Aba Bora Nuwer Itang Special Guraghe Jarar Arsi EastErer Hararge Jimma Siltie Agnewak Yem Special West Hararge Hadiya Sheka Halaba Special Majeng Doolo Kefa Hadiya West Arsi Nogob Dawuro Konta Special Wolayita GedeoSidama Bale Korahe Gamo Gofa Bench Maji Southern Oromia (Guji, Bale and Borena zones) Guji Borena Shabelle Segen Area P.West Guji South Omo Afder DaawaLiban

The regional boundary dispute in southern border between Oromia – Somali regions has significantly de-escalated. Ten- sion remains, including cattle rustling or conflicts related to the use of land by pastoralists from both sides. The main security-related access obstacle for partners is clashes with UAGs in Guji and Borena, both under command post administration since August.

In Guji, in September, near 6,000 IDPs (Kate ware, Fugnan Giri, and Ijaru sites) were displaced further inland into Oromia, fearing violence and livestock raiding. Further, security operations re-displaced some 5,000 IDPs (Dibe and Chefa Hidi sites) in Gumi Eldelo woreda, and 170 people were injured and 1,000 houses were burned. Partners do not feel secure to venture in remote areas away from woredas capitals, have not yet accessed Liban woreda for the whole of 2019 (14,675 IDPs), and Gumi Eldelo and Gora Dola woredas since April (36,000 and 800 IDPs). IDPs in Gumi Eldelo woreda have not received food for the last four months. In August, partners halted movements out of Negele, capital of Guji zone, due to continued armed confrontations.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs www.unocha.org/ethiopia Access Situation Report August – September 2019 | 4

In Borena, movements restrictions have been imposed by security forces, including a ban on motorcycles, impacting people’s access to services and markets, pastoralists’ seasonal movements, and IDPs’ access to assistance. Clashes with UAG continue, and security restrictions to UN agencies stayed in Guchi and Wachile woredas (52,600 and 27,000 IDPs), as well as outside urban areas of Arero and Dhas woredas (13,000 and 174,000 IDPs) and in border areas between Arero woreda and Guji. The situation in Moyale town is stable, following serious confrontations at the end of 2018, thanks in part to the presence of the command post. Reportedly, most IDPs have now returned on both sides.

In Bale, an estimated 100,000 IDPs remain in border woredas with Somali region. Restrictions for UN agencies stayed in place outside woreda capitals of Dawe Katchen, Dawe Serer, Sewena, Raytu and Legehidha woredas. In September, about 2,000 IDPs in Rayitu woreda refused to return to Somali region due to insecurity. Partners report outstanding needs among IDPs, reportedly some 8,700 IDPs in Delo Mena woreda (Berak site) have not received food for the last six months. The drought situation - coupled with incomplete/ irregular food aid - has prompted an increase in malnutrition rates.

North Western Eastern Central Western

Mekele SpecialZone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) South Eastern

Southern Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu)

Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu)

Asosa

North Shewa(O)

Dire DawaHarari urban Fafan West Shewa Dire Dawa rural Region 14 East Hararge Kelem Wellega Finfine Special West Hararge Buno Bedele South West Shewa East Shewa Ilu Aba Bora Nuwer Itang Special Guraghe Jarar Arsi Erer Jimma Siltie Agnewak Yem Special Hadiya Sheka Halaba Special Majeng Kefa Doolo Western Oromia (Wellegas) – BGR (Kamashi zone) Hadiya Nogob West Arsi Dawuro Konta Special Wolayita Sidama Bale Korahe Gamo Gofa Bench Maji Gedeo

Shabelle Segen Area P.West Guji Guji South Omo Afder Liban

Borena Daawa The protracted standoff between security forces and UAGs continues. While official data indicates that all the people displaced in 2018 have returned, some remain displaced in rural areas and some 20,000 people were re-displaced in July to East (5,750) and West Wellega (14,250). Majority of these are women and children who originated from Kamashi’s Yaso, Aga- lometi, and Sedal woredas. By mid-August authorized the delivery of some limited assistance following a joint assessment in Nedjo and Kiltu Kara, however, their situation remains critical as the last time they received food was in April.

In August, clashes between security forces and UAGs was reported in Kondale woreda (Kelem Wollega zone). In West Wellega, in September, heavy fighting took place in Kiltu Kara and Guliso woredas, and several incidents were reported in Gimbi and Mandi towns, Mana Sibu woreda as well as in Bila, Chalia and Gulisso districts. While hostilities did not target aid organizations, there remains a heightened risk for aid workers to be caught in cross-fire, and movement restrictions for UN Agencies remain in rural areas such as Boji Dremeji woreda.

In Kamashi, tensions between Gumuz and Oromo communities persist in Agelometi, Yaso, and Kamashi, including cases of cattle rustling by youth on both sides. Kamashi town has no electricity since 2018, access to health is seriously compromised in Belo Jeganfoy and Agelometi, there is no hospital nor ambulance service. Only 19,000 children (out of 45,000) en- rolled in the 2019/ 2020 school year. Food security prospects for 2020 are a serious concern due the lack of sustained food aid, depletion of food stocks in host communities, destruction of crops, absence of agricultural inputs, and price increases of key staples. Since July, vast areas became inaccessible due to rains and poor condition of roads in rural areas. The roads Kamashi – Agelometi – Sedal – Assosa and Nedjo – Kamashi were affected, impacting operations.

North Western Eastern Central Western

Mekele SpecialZone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) North Gondar South Eastern

Wag Hamra Central Gondar Southern West Gondar Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu)

North Wello South Gondar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu)

Awi West Gojam Metekel South Wello Oromia East Gojam Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Asosa Kemashi

North Shewa(O)North Shewa(A) Horo Gudru Wellega East Wellega Harari West Shewa Region 14 East Hararge KelemWest W Weellegallega Finfine Special West Hararge Mao Komo Special Buno Bedele South West Shewa East Shewa Ilu Aba Bora ItangNuwer Special Guraghe Arsi Jimma Siltie Agnewak Yem Special Hadiya Somali region Sheka Halaba Special Majeng Kefa Hadiya West Arsi Dawuro Konta Special Wolayita GedeoSidama Bale

Gamo Gofa Bench Maji

Segen Area P. Guji South Omo

West Guji

Borena An estimated 389,000 IDPs have returned to areas of origin in Dawa, Fafan and Sitti zones, while some 828,000 persons remain displaced across 401 sites in the region, in some areas, the threat of secondary displacement remains. In Tuliguled woreda (Fafan), IDP returnees have no access to basic services such as health or education. In Doolo zone, a number of inter-clan clashes over land and power-sharing were reported involving the Bi-idyahan and Marehan sub-clans. Further, clashes were reported between Lelkase and Majerten clans in Galadi woreda, and between Gacanweyne (Makahil clan) and Bahama- gan (Abdile clan) in Lehel-yucub woreda. Humanitarian staff who belong to either clan were unable to work during the conflict.

In Dire Dawa, in September, fighting between armed ethnic Amhara and Oromo youth erupted in Dechatu, Magala, Kafira and the vicinity of Dire Dawa City, quickly spreading to Lagahare and Ashawa areas, causing casualties. On the other hand, humanitarian partners have expressed concern over the relocation of IDPs residing in “Millennium Park” site, which could constitute a case of forced eviction. Reportedly, regular food distribution in the site was stopped in May (one ad hoc distribution took place in August).

In August, 18,300 people were displaced to Filtu woreda due to inter-communal conflict in Mubarak woreda (Dawa zone) involving Degodia and Garre clans. UN security restrictions in Moyale, Hudet and Deka suftu woreda (Liban zone) were lifted following a security assessment. Southern Somali region has major road infrastructure deficits, impacting relief operations during the rainy season. The few “Dawa” river crossings get quickly overfilled impending movements between Dawa and Liban zones, obliging partners to use Oromia roads affected by insecurity. The road from Filtu to Dollo Ado is in a deplorable state, while food deliveries to Mubarak and Kadaduma woredas have been obstructed by accessibility problems.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs www.unocha.org/ethiopia