DOCSLIB.ORG

Shaaxi Ankang Road Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shaaxi Ankang Road Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized RP439 v 1 Shaaxi Ankang Road Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Action Plan For Ankang-Maoba Expressway Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized RECEIVED MAY 0 5 2006 EASTR I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A ~~~SCANNED Public Disclosure Authorized Shaanxi Provincial Transport Department In April 2006 ................ I OBJECTIVES OF THE RAP AND DEFINITION OF RESETTLEMENT TERMINOLOGY 1 I GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... I 1.1 Background .......................................................................... 2 1.2 G eneral description ........................................................................... 3 1.3 Significance ........................................................................... 6 1.4 Planned schedule .......................................................................... 6 1.5 Measures to reduce the impact of the project .......................................................................... 8 1.6 Project design ......................................................................... 8 1.7 Preparation of resettlement rules .......................................................................... 9 1.8 Preparation for RAP ........................................................................... ]0 1.9 Strategic objectives for com piling RA P ......................................................................... ....................... 11 2 GENERAL NATURAL SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATION IN AFFECTED AREAS 11 2.1 Characteristics of physical geography 13 2.2 General socioeconomic situation of the affected areas .15 2.3 General socioeconomic situations of affected towns/townships and villages 2.4 General economic situation of the affected households .21 2.5 Modes of livelihood in the affected area .22 3 PROJECT IMPACT .25 3.1 Determining the scope of land acquisition and resettlement .26 3.2 Survey on entity indexes for land acquisition and relocation .26 3.3 Major indexes of affected properties .27 3.4 Analysis on project impact .37 4 FRAMEWORK OF RESETTLEMENT POLICIES .41 4.1 Policy basis.41 4.2 Relevant laws and regulations .41 4.3 Compensation standards .48 51 4.4 Table of PAPs' rights and interests .. 5 RESETTLEMENT AND RESTORATION PLAN .56 5.1 Objective and plan.56 5.2 Policy and principle of the immigration resettlement plan .56 5.3 Overall plan for immigration resettlement .57 5.4 Analysis of the immigration resettlement environmental potentiality .58 5.5 Plan for rural resettlement .59 .65 6 BUDGET OF COMPENSATION FOR LAND ACQUISITION AND REMOVAL 6.1 Basis of budget.66 6.2 Compensation principles .66 6.3 Budget of compensation .66 1 7 RESETTLEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ... ..................................................................... 70 7.1 Implementation Procedures ......................................................................... 70 7.2 Schedule .............................................................................. 72 7.3 Fund flow and allocation plan ............................................................................. 73 8 ORGANIZATIONS ......................................................................... 76 8.1 Organization establishment ............................................................................... 8.2 Organizations' 76 composition and responsibility ....................................................................... 8.3 Staff .............................................................................. ....... 76 78 8.4 Connections between Organizations ........................... ................................................... 8.5 Measures 79 to strengthen the organizations' capacity ................................................... ...................... 80 9 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION ....................................................................... 81 9.1 Public participation ......................................................................... 81 9.2 Appealing procedures and channels .............................................................................. 85 9.3 Public Consultation ............................................................................... 85 10 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ......................... ................................................ 86 10.1 Internal monitoring ............................................................................... 10.2 External 86 independent monitoring and evaluation ............................................................................ 87 11 REPORT COMPILATION PLAN ......................................................................... 90 11. I Report on the RAP .............................................................................. 90 11.2 Report on resettlement progress .............................................................................. 11.3 Report on 90 independent monitoring and evaluation .......................................................................... 91 Appendix I Guide to resettlement investigation for Ankang-Maoba Highway Project ....................... Appendix II Forms 92 of social investigation in the affected areas ........................................................... 96 Appendix III Table of the project affected towns and villages ........................................................... Appendix IV 105 Statistic table of land acquisition in each village ....................... ................................... 106 Appendix V Statistic table of demolition and removal of private houses in each village ................... 10 Appendix VI Statistic Table of the project affected population in each village for Ankang-Maoba Highway Project ............................................................................ Appendix 12 VII Statistic table ofthe scattered adult trees to be felled and tombs to be removed in each village Appendix VIII ... 114 RAP and plan for land acquisition and house removal in the major villages affected by the project .......................................................................... 116 Appendix IX Affiche Replica of Project ..................................................................... 144 2 Objectives of the RAP and Definition of Resettlement Terminology The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is prepared according to the Laws and Regulations of PRC, that of Shaanxi Province as well as a series of regulations in the Guidelines of the World Bank (Operational Directive for Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP4.12). Its purpose is to set out an action plan for the resettlement and rehabilitation of the project affected persons (PAPs) to ensure that they will benefit from the project and their standards of living will be improved or at least be restored after the project. On account of the implementation of the project, occupation of land and other properties will impose great negative effect on the people toiling in the fields and making a living by farming. "The Project Affected Persons refer to those whose production or life will be affected by land acquisition and house removal for the project. The following people will be involved: (1) Their land (including house sites, land occupation for public facilities, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and sideline production), buildings (including private houses and auxiliaries, enterprises' buildings and public buildings, etc.), rights or other properties will be partially or wholly, temporarily or permanently acquisitioned and occupied (2) They own the above-mentioned land, buildings or properties, or their work, residential places and life style will be adversely affected. (3) Their living standard will be adversely affected because of land acquisition and house removal. Definition of "PAPs": "PAPs" refer to those: whose living standards have been adversely affected or will be adversely affected because of the project implementation; whose ownership of any house, rights or interest, land (including house sites, farmland and grassland) or other movable or immovable property will be temporarily or permanently acquisitioned or occupied; whose business, occupation, work or inhabitation and life will be adversely affected. PAPs may be individuals or legal persons of a company, or a public institution. Definition of PAPs is not limited to their legal status, life style or business in the affected location, or their title to property compensation. They include: (1) Those will be affected by the project regardless of their legal rights or absence when their property is acquisitioned. (2) Those have not got the residential permit to live in a specified place. Therefore all those to be affected will need to be considered and recorded as PAPs, regardless of their legal property, land or social position. If the land or property to be acquisitioned belongs to more than one person, or one household, they will be compensated and rehabilitated according to their loss, their rights, and the impact on their living standards. The definition of PAPs is linked directly to the adverse effect of the project, regardless of their legal rights title or interest. All PAPs are entitled to some compensation to improve or at least restore their living standards, and compensation for the property losses. Compensation for their property will be paid by the replacement cost. Deductions and discounts by the excuse of depreciation or other reasons will be strictly forbidden as far as their compensation amount is concerned. All PAPs
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecosystem Services Changes Between 2000 and 2015 in the Loess Plateau, China: a Response to Ecological Restoration
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Ecosystem services changes between 2000 and 2015 in the Loess Plateau, China: A response to ecological restoration Dan Wu1, Changxin Zou1, Wei Cao2*, Tong Xiao3, Guoli Gong4 1 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China, 2 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China, 3 Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, China, 4 Shanxi Academy of Environmental Planning, Taiyuan, China a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract The Loess Plateau of China is one of the most severe soil and water loss areas in the world. Since 1999, the Grain to Green Program (GTGP) has been implemented in the region. This OPEN ACCESS study aimed to analyze spatial and temporal variations of ecosystem services from 2000 to Citation: Wu D, Zou C, Cao W, Xiao T, Gong G 2015 to assess the effects of the GTGP, including carbon sequestration, water regulation, (2019) Ecosystem services changes between 2000 soil conservation and sand fixation. During the study period, the area of forest land and and 2015 in the Loess Plateau, China: A response grassland significantly expanded, while the area of farmland decreased sharply. Ecosystem to ecological restoration. PLoS ONE 14(1): services showed an overall improvement with localized deterioration. Carbon sequestration, e0209483. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0209483 water regulation and soil conservation increased substantially. Sand fixation showed a decreasing trend mainly because of decreased wind speeds. There were synergies Editor: Debjani Sihi, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, UNITED STATES between carbon sequestration and water regulation, and tradeoffs between soil conserva- tion and sand fixation.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Zero-Markup Policy for Essential Drugs' on Patients
    The Financial Impact of the ‘Zero-Markup Policy for Essential Drugs’ on Patients in County Hospitals in Western Rural China The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Zhou, Zhongliang, Yanfang Su, Benjamin Campbell, Zhiying Zhou, Jianmin Gao, Qiang Yu, Jiuhao Chen, and Yishan Pan. 2015. “The Financial Impact of the ‘Zero-Markup Policy for Essential Drugs’ on Patients in County Hospitals in Western Rural China.” PLoS ONE 10 (3): e0121630. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121630. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121630. Published Version doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121630 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14351129 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA RESEARCH ARTICLE The Financial Impact of the ‘Zero-Markup Policy for Essential Drugs’ on Patients in County Hospitals in Western Rural China Zhongliang Zhou1‡, Yanfang Su2‡*, Benjamin Campbell3, Zhiying Zhou4, Jianmin Gao1, Qiang Yu5, Jiuhao Chen6, Yishan Pan7 1 School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, 2 Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 4 School of Public Health, Xi’an ’ a11111 Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi an, China, 5 Ankang Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Ankang, China, 6 Ningshan County Hospital, Shaanxi, China, 7 Zhenping County Hospital, Shaanxi, China ‡ Zhongliang Zhou and Yanfang Su are joint first authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Monitoring Report PRC: Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety
    Social Monitoring Report Semi-Annual Report August 2019 PRC: Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration Project Prepared by Shaanxi Kexin Consultant Company for the People’s Republic of China and the Asian Development Bank. This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration Project (Loan No. 3924-PRC) External Monitoring Report for Resettlement (Hanbin District) (Report No.5) Monitoring period: September 2018 to February 2019 Prepared for: Foreign Capital Utilization Center of SPTD By: Shaanxi Kexin Consultant Company August 2019 Executive Summary In February 2019, External Monitoring Unit of Hanbin District Subproject under Shaanxi Mountainous Road Safety Demonstration Project (the monitor) carried out external monitoring of Phase V in project affected area. The monitoring period was from September 2018 to February 2019. This external monitoring scope involved 3 towns and 10 administrative villages/communities that were affected by the Subproject. Hanbing Subproject is consisted of 1) G316 Hanbin section, 2) Yandong road, and 3) two village roads. By February 28, 2019, the Ankang-Xunyang Highway (G316 Hanbin Section) and Yandong Road are being implemented. The village roads have not been started yet.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China
    land Article An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China Haifen Lei 1,2, Jennifer Koch 2 and Hui Shi 1,* 1 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 September 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Chinese metropolitan areas have been experiencing urbanization over the past decades, impacting biodiversity, carbon emissions, urban heat islands, and food security. Yet, systematic research on spatio-temporal urbanization patterns and drivers along the urban–rural gradient is rarely reported for northwest China. Here, we use land-use data from 1980 to 2015 to explore land-use change, urbanization intensity, and drivers in northwest China. Our results display direct and indirect effects of urban expansion on farmland loss, but also spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the urbanization patterns. While the earlier years were dominated by infill and land conversion close to city centers, the later years displayed sprawling urbanization following the constraints of terrain and administrative boundaries at the cost of farmland. Our regression analysis of spatial variables found a strong relationship with urban planning factors. The spatial analysis of urbanization patterns revealed indirect land-use change on former farmland. Furthermore, we found that regional geography and historic sites considerably influenced land conversion. Overall, our findings indicate the need for sustainable planning strategies that synthesize approaches to farmland and historic site protection and consideration of regionally specific landscape characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the Perspective of Cultural Heritage
    Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2020, 8, 225-237 https://www.scirp.org/journal/jss ISSN Online: 2327-5960 ISSN Print: 2327-5952 Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the Perspective of Cultural Heritage Hongdan Guo School of Literature and Media, Ankang University, Ankang, China How to cite this paper: Guo, H. D. (2020). Abstract Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the As a precious historical and cultural heritage, we should not only pay attention Perspective of Cultural Heritage. Open to protection and inheritance, but also fully consider how to develop and utilize Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 225-237. the Confucian temples. For this purpose, we carried out field research on the https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.812017 remaining Confucian temples in southern Shaanxi, where social attention is Received: November 10, 2020 low. After investigation, it was found that: the situation of surviving Confucian Accepted: December 15, 2020 temples in southern Shaanxi is different. There are some Confucian temples Published: December 18, 2020 where the ancient buildings are relatively well preserved, or got seriously dam- aged but have been restored or rebuilt. There are also some Confucian temples Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. where only a few buildings or a single building exist, or even no physical build- This work is licensed under the Creative ings in the ruins. In terms of the utilization of the existing Confucian temples, Commons Attribution International except for some Confucian temples, which are now integrated with museums License (CC BY 4.0).
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Scale of Rural Communities for Transmigrator Resettlement in Southern Shaanxi Based on Sustainable Development
    id1399937 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com [Type text] ISSN : [0T9y7p4e -t e7x4t3] 5 Volume 1[0T Iyspseu ete 2x2t] BioTechnology 2014 An Indian Journal FULL PAPER BTAIJ, 10(22), 2014 [13861-13867] Study on scale of rural communities for transmigrator resettlement in southern Shaanxi based on sustainable development Yu Mimi1, Liu Shuhu2, Liu Ruiqiang1, Xu Dongping1, Zhangnan1, Zhaomin1, Li Yanjun1,Piao Hao1 1School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology 2School of Architecture, Fuzhou University ABSTRACT Taking rural communities constructed under the background of transmigrator resettlement in Southern Shaanxi as an object of study, on the basis of summarizing issues on construction of communities for transmigrator resettlement in Ankang during the past three years, this paper set proper positions for rural communities constructed under the background of resettlement project, analyzed the impact imposed by supplementary facilities, industrial structure, ecological protection, sense of belonging and identity held by residents and community administration onto scale of resettlement communities from sustainable development on economic, ecological and social aspects, established the hierarchical system for scale of rural resettlement communities in Southern Shaanxi combined with the current standard for scale of village in Shaanxi Province, and provided theoretical and practical reference for resettlement projects in Southern Shaanxi. KEYWORDS Transmigrator; Rural communities; Sustainable development; Scale. © Trade Science Inc. 13862 Study on scale of rural communities for transmigrator resettlement in southern Shaanxi BTAIJ, 10(22) 2014 INTRODUCTION Southern Shaanxi (Figure 1 Location of Three Cities in Southern Shaanxi) is the southern area of Shaanxi Province, located in south of Qinling Mountain with a total area of 74,017 square kilometers, including Hanzhong, Ankang and Shangluo and having jurisdiction over 28 counties (districts).
    [Show full text]
  • (Leech, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with Description of Female Genitalia and Taxonomic Notes
    © Entomologica Fennica. 31 August 2016 Distribution of Onryza maga (Leech, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with description of female genitalia and taxonomic notes Guoxi Xue, Yufei Li, Zihao Liu, Meng Li & Yingdang Ren Xue, G. X., Li, Y.F., Liu, Z. H., Li, M. & Ren, Y.D. 2016: Distribution of Onryza maga (Leech, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with description of female geni- talia and taxonomic notes. — Entomol. Fennica 27: 70–76. For more than twenty years, Hainan, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia have been erroneously reported in Chinese literature as belonging to the distribution range of Onryza maga (Leech 1890). Based upon a careful survey of specimens and relevant literature, these regions are omitted from the known range of this species. Onryza maga maga is found from northeast Guizhou, south Henan and Qinling-Daba Mountains in Shaanxi of China, its oc- currence in Hunan is confirmed. The adults are redescribed and the variability of wing patterns is discussed. Female genitalia are illustrated and described for the first time. Some biological information and an updated distribution map of the species are provided. G. X. Xue & M. Li, School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China; Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Y. F. Li, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China Z. H. Liu, School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China Y. D.
    [Show full text]
  • Level Universities in Shaanxi Province Keyin Liang Xi’ an International University, Xi’ An, Shaanxi, 710077
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 123 2nd International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2017) Study on the Construction Dilemma and Improvement Path of Private High - level Universities in Shaanxi Province Keyin Liang Xi’ an International University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, 710077 Keywords: Shaanxi Province, Private High-level University, Construction Dilemma Abstract. At present, with the further deepening of reform and opening up, how to promote the comprehensive progress of society, how to deepen the educational reform has become a major theoretical and practical problem of school education. With the deepening of the development and reform of colleges and universities in our country, private colleges and universities have gradually developed into an important part of our universities. In recent years, private education has flourished in various parts of the country. As an important content of college education, how to carry out the work is one of the important criteria to measure the overall work of colleges and universities. It is also the fundamental requirement of social development to cultivate talents. Due to the conditions, scale, system and guiding ideology of the running of private colleges and universities, the efficiency of running schools is also very different. We must strengthen the management of private colleges and universities. Introduction Shaanxi Province is located in the western part of China, ranking the middle reaches of the Yellow River, is located in the hinterland of China's interior, north and Inner Mongolia, Ningxia border, west and Gansu connected, south and Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei Tong, east and Shanxi, Henan adjacent to China's northwest Portal, is to connect China's eastern and central regions and northwest, southwest of the transport hub.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Shaanxi Small Towns
    E4461 V1 REV EIA Report of Shaanxi Zhongsheng Assessment Certificate Category: Grade A SZSHPS-2013-075 Assessment Certificate No.:3607 Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Shaanxi Small Towns Infrastructure Project with World Bank Loan Public Disclosure Authorized (Draft for review) Public Disclosure Authorized Entrusted by: Foreign Loan Supporting Project Management Office of Shaanxi Province Assessed by: Shaanxi Zhongsheng Environmental Technologies Development Co., Ltd. March 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized Content 0 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 1 0.1 Project Background ................................................................................................................. 1 0.2 Assessment Category .............................................................................................................. 2 0.4 Project Feature ....................................................................................................................... 3 0.5 Major Environmental Problems Concerned in Environmental Assessment ......................... 4 0.6 Major Conclusion in Report .................................................................................................... 4 0.7 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................. 4 1 General Provisions .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 China Xi'an-Ankang Railway Construction Project
    China Xi’an-Ankang Railway Construction Project (1)-(3) (CXVII-P73, CXVIII-P73, CXIX-P73) External Evaluator: Mitsue Mishima (OPMAC) Field Survey: October 2004 1. Project Profile and Japan’s ODA Loan Mongolia Beijing North Korea China South Korea Project site Xian Nepal Ankang Bhutan India Taiwan Myanmar Vietnam Laos Project site location map (Xian-Ankang, Shannxi Province) Qingcha Tunnel 1.1 Background The project site (Xian- Ankang) is located in the southern part of Shaanxi Province where the 3000-meter high Qinling Mountains extend over 1500 kilometers, and was therefore undeveloped due to difficulties in transportation and remoteness from cities. Southwest of the project site is Sichuan Province, the largest province with a population of 110 million accounting for 10% of the population of China. However, as there is no other transport route to Sichuan Province than taking a detour around the Qinling Mountains, there were only limited routes to transport energy and everyday commodities from the north. Railway transport from other regions to Sichuan Province depended on Baoching Line (Baoji-Chengdu) from the north and Xiangyu Line (Xiangfan-Ankang-Chongquing) from the east, and both lines were operating to full capacity. It was particularly difficult to double-track Baoching Line, which takes a detour to avoid the Qinling Mountains because of 1) long distance of transport, 2) large cost to transport on a gradient at an angel of 3%, and 3) the topographical problem. The opening of the electrified single track of Xian-Ankang Line not only helped increase the transport capacity within Shaanxi Province but also shortened the traveling distance to Chongquing and eased the transportation load on Baoching Line.
    [Show full text]
  • Is It the Appropriate Time to Stop Applying Selenium Enriched Salt in Kashin-Beck Disease Areas in China?
    Nutrients 2015, 7, 6195-6212; doi:10.3390/nu7085276 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Article Is It the Appropriate Time to Stop Applying Selenium Enriched Salt in Kashin-Beck Disease Areas in China? Yujie Ning :, Xi Wang :, Sen Wang, Feng Zhang, Lianhe Zhang, Yanxia Lei and Xiong Guo * School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (Y.N.); [email protected] (X.W.); [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (F.Z.); [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (Y.L.) : These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-029-82655091; Fax: +86-029-82655032. Received: 5 June 2015 / Accepted: 20 July 2015 / Published: 28 July 2015 Abstract: We aimed to identify significant factors of selenium (Se) nutrition of children in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) endemic areas and non-KBD area in Shaanxi Province for providing evidence of whether it is the time to stop applying Se-enriched salt in KBD areas. A cross-sectional study contained 368 stratified randomly selected children aged 4–14 years was conducted with 24-h retrospective questionnaire based on a pre-investigation. Food and hair samples were collected and had Se contents determined with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Average hair Se content of 349.0 ˘ 60.2 ng/g in KBD-endemic counties was significantly lower than 374.1 ˘ 47.0 ng/g in non-KBD counties.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
    Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2
    [Show full text]