Submarine Landslides of the Upper East Australian Continental Margin
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COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS THESIS This thesis must be used in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Reproduction of material protected by copyright may be an infringement of copyright and copyright owners may be entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. Section 51 (2) of the Copyright Act permits an authorized officer of a university library or archives to provide a copy (by communication or otherwise) of an unpublished thesis kept in the library or archives, to a person who satisfies the authorized officer that he or she requires the reproduction for the purposes of research or study. The Copyright Act grants the creator of a work a number of moral rights, specifically the right of attribution, the right against false attribution and the right of integrity. You may infringe the author’s moral rights if you: - fail to acknowledge the author of this thesis if you quote sections from the work - attribute this thesis to another author - subject this thesis to derogatory treatment which may prejudice the author’s reputation For further information contact the University’s Director of Copyright Services sydney.edu.au/copyright Submarine landslides of the eastern Australian upper continental margin Samantha Clarke A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Sydney in March 2014 Marine Geology Declaration by author This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contributions by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. I have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my research higher degree candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the University Library and, subject to the General Award Rules of The University of Sydney, immediately made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Supervisors Associate Professor Thomas Hubble Professor David Airey Associate Professor Jody Webster I Statement of Contributions to Jointly Au- thored Works Contained in the Thesis Published All works listed have been published in peer reviewed conference journals. Clarke, S., T. Hubble, D. Airey, P. Yu, R. Boyd, J. Keene, N. Exon, J. Gardner, and S. Ward (2014), Morphology of Australia’s eastern continental slope and related tsunami hazard. Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences (6th), edited by S. Krastel, J.H Behrmann, D. Volker, M. Stripp, C. Berndt, R. Urgeles, J. Chaytor, K. Huhn, M. Strasser, and C.B. Harbitz, pp. 529-538, Springer Netherlands. • TH- assisted with data analysis, field work, and edited drafts of manuscript • DA - assisted with data analysis, and edited drafts of manuscript • PY - assisted with field work and data collection • RB - provided data, assisted with field work, and edited drafts of manuscript • JK - assisted with data analysis, field work, and edited drafts of manuscript • NE - assisted with field work and data collection • JG - assisted with field work and data collection • SW - assisted with data analysis, and edited drafts of manuscript • SC - completed all other work Clarke, S., T. Hubble, D. Airey, P. Yu, R. Boyd, J. Keene, N. Exon, and J. Gardner (2012), Submarine Landslides on the Upper Southeast Australian Passive Continental Margin – Preliminary Findings. Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences (5th), edited by Y. Yamada, K. Kawamura, K. Ikehara, Y. Ogawa, R. Urgeles, D. Mosher, J. Chaytor and M. Strasser, pp. 55-66, Springer Nether- lands. • TH - assisted with data analysis, field work, and edited drafts of manuscript • DA - assisted with laboratory work, data analysis, and edited drafts of manuscript • PY - assisted with laboratory work and data collection • RB - provided data, and assisted with field work and data collection • JK - assisted with data analysis and data collection • NE - assisted with data analysis, and field work and data collection II • JG - assisted with data analysis, and field work and data collection • SC - completed all other work Clarke, S., D. Airey, P. Yu, and T. Hubble (2011), Submarine landslides on the south-eastern Austral- ian margin, in AGS Coastal and Marine Geotechnics - Foundations for Trade, edited by Australian Geomechanics Society. • DA - assisted with laboratory work, data analysis, and edited drafts of manuscript • PY - assisted with laboratory work and data collection • TH - assisted with field work, data analysis, and edited drafts of manuscript • SC - completed all other work Statement of Contributions by Others to the Thesis as a Whole Associate Professor Thomas Hubble - manuscript review Professor David Airey - manuscript review Statement of Parts of the Thesis Submitted to Qualify for the Award of Another Degree None. III Published Works by the Author Incorporated into the Thesis Published Clarke, S., T. Hubble, D. Airey, P. Yu, R. Boyd, J. Keene, N. Exon, J. Gardner, and S. Ward (2014), Morphology of Australia’s eastern continental slope and related tsunami hazard. Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences (6th), edited by S. Krastel, J.H Behrmann, D. Volker, M. Stripp, C. Berndt, R. Urgeles, J. Chaytor, K. Huhn, M. Strasser, and C.B. Harbitz, pp. 529-538, Springer Netherlands. • Incorporated in Chapter 4 Reproduced with permission of Springer Netherlands Clarke, S., T. Hubble, D. Airey, P. Yu, R. Boyd, J. Keene, N. Exon, and J. Gardner (2012), Submarine Landslides on the Upper Southeast Australian Passive Continental Margin – Preliminary Findings. Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences (5th), edited by Y. Yamada, K. Kawamura, K. Ikehara, Y. Ogawa, R. Urgeles, D. Mosher, J. Chaytor and M. Strasser, pp. 55-66, Springer Nether- lands. • Incorporated in Chapter 1, 2, 5 Reproduced with permission of Springer Netherlands Clarke, S., D. Airey, P. Yu, and T. Hubble (2011), Submarine landslides on the south-eastern Austral- ian margin, in AGS Coastal and Marine Geotechnics - Foundations for Trade, edited by Australian Geomechanics Society. • Incorporated in Chapter 3 Reproduced with permission of Australian Geomechanics Society IV Published Articles Arising from this Thesis Refereed Clarke, S., T. Hubble, D. Airey, P. Yu, R. Boyd, J. Keene, N. Exon, J. Gardner, and S. Ward (2014), Morphology of Australia’s eastern continental slope and related tsunami hazard. Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences (6th), edited by S. Krastel, J.H Behrmann, D. Volker, M. Stripp, C. Berndt, R. Urgeles, J. Chaytor, K. Huhn, M. Strasser, and C.B. Harbitz, pp. 529-538, Springer Netherlands. Clarke, S., T. Hubble, D. Airey, P. Yu, R. Boyd, J. Keene, N. Exon, and J. Gardner (2012), Submarine Landslides on the Upper Southeast Australian Passive Continental Margin – Preliminary Findings. Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences (5th), edited by Y. Yamada, K. Kawamura, K. Ikehara, Y. Ogawa, R. Urgeles, D. Mosher, J. Chaytor and M. Strasser, pp. 55-66, Springer Nether- lands. Clarke, S., D. Airey, P. Yu, and T. Hubble (2011), Submarine landslides on the south-eastern Austral- ian margin, in AGS Coastal and Marine Geotechnics - Foundations for Trade, edited by Australian Geomechanics Society. In Preparation Clarke, S., T. Hubble, J.Webster, D. Airey, E. de Carli, C. Ferraz, P. Reimer, R. Boyd, and J. Keene (in prep) Sedimentology, Structure and Probable Age of Five Continental Slope Submarine Landslides, Nerrang Plateau, Eastern Australia. Clarke, S., D. Airey, T. Hubble (in prep), Geotechnical properties of submarine sediments from sub- marine landslides on the eastern Australian continental margin and implications for slide initiation. Clarke, S., T. Hubble, D. Airey, and S. Ward (in prep), Tsunami hazard assessment of Australia’s east- ern continental slope. Clarke, S., T. Hubble, D. Airey, P. Yu, R. Boyd, J. Keene, N. Exon, and J. Gardner (in prep) Subma- rine landslide geomorphology and quantitative slide characterization on the eastern Australian upper continental slope. V Additional Published Works by the Author Relevant to the Thesis but not Forming Part of it Fletcher, M., T. Hubble, S. Clarke, D. Airey, P. Yu (2014). Submarine Landslide Morphology of Box Slides Present on the Continental Slope Offshore Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia. Proceedings of 2014 Spring Meeting, EGU, Vienna, Austria. Fletcher, M., T. Hubble, S. Clarke, D. Airey, J. Webster, P. Yu, E. De Carli (2013). Submarine Landslide Morphology of Box Slides Present on the Continental Slope Offshore Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia. Proceedings of Geo- sciences 2013 Conference, Christchurch, NZ. Hubble T., Clarke S., Yu, P., Volker, D., (2013) Probable landslide detachment surfaces and post-slide deposits sampled in the Yamba Slide Complex, New South Wales, Australia.