DOCSLIB.ORG

Joystick Controlled Driving for Drivers with Disabilities a Driving Simulator Experiment Björn Peters Joakim Östlund VTI Rapport 506A • 2005

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Joystick Controlled Driving for Drivers with Disabilities a Driving Simulator Experiment Björn Peters Joakim Östlund VTI Rapport 506A • 2005 Joystick Controlled Driving for Drivers with Disabilities A Driving Simulator Experiment Björn Peters Joakim Östlund VTI rapport 506A • 2005 Braking Accelerating Steering VTI rapport 506A · 2005 Joystick Controlled Driving for Drivers with Disabilities A Driving Simulator Experiment Björn Peters Joakim Östlund Cover: VTI Publisher: Publication: VTI rapport 506A Published: Project code: 2005 40360 SE-581 95 Linköping Sweden Project: Methods for evaluating passenger cars adapted for drivers with disabilities, part 2 Author: Sponsor: Björn Peters and Joakim Östlund Swedish Road Administration Title: Joystick Controlled Driving for Drivers with Disabilities. A Driving Simulator Experiment Abstract (background, aims, methods, results) max 200 words: A driving simulator experiment was conducted to investigate two design features of four-way joystick systems used for vehicle control (accelerator, brake and steering). Effects of active force feedback and decoupled speed and steering control were investigated. These were features expected to facilitate driving with joystick systems. Time lags were made similar to what is found in conventional primary car controls, as those found in existing joystick systems seems to complicate usage and prolong learning. The joystick was designed for drivers with severe locomotor disabilities. Sixteen drivers with spinal cord injuries at a cervical level participated, all inexperienced with joy- stick driving. All participants drove on a rural road and performed a double lane change manoeuvre task. It was found that the decoupling provided better control and less workload, especially for those eight drivers with better hand and arm function. Active force feedback together with decoupled control was found positive for the same subgroup and provided better control in the lane change manoeuvre. However, drivers with less arm and hand function preferred passive feedback, and active feedback was even found disturbing. In general, the tested joystick was found to be very easy to learn which was attributed to the short in time lags. ISSN: Language: No. of pages: 0347-6030 English 82 + 2 Appendices Utgivare: Publikation: VTI rapport 506A Utgivningsår: Projektnummer: 2005 40360 581 95 Linköping Projektnamn: Testmetoder för handikappanpassade förar- platser i personbilar, del 2 Författare: Uppdragsgivare: Björn Peters och Joakim Östlund Vägverket Titel: Joystickmanövrerade bilar för förare med funktionshinder Referat (bakgrund, syfte, metod, resultat) max 200 ord: Ett experiment genomfördes i en körsimulator med syfte att undersöka två designfaktorer hos 4-vägs joysticksystem avsedda för bilkörning (gas, broms och styrning). Effekter av aktiv kraftåterkoppling och oberoende hastighets- och styrkontroll undersöktes. Detta var faktorer som förväntades göra det enklare att köra med joysticksystem. Tidsfördröjningar i det testade joysticksystemet liknade de som finns i konventionella reglage (ratt och pedaler), eftersom de som finns i existerande joysticksystem verkar försvåra användning och inlärning. Joysticksystemet var utformat för förare med omfattande rörelsehinder. Sexton förare med ryggmärgsskador i nackhöjd deltog i försöket. Ingen hade erfaren- het av att köra bil med joystick. Alla förare fick köra på landsväg och genomföra ett manövertest med ett dubbelt körfältsbyte. Det visade sig att oberoende hastighets- och styrkontroll medgav bättre kontroll av bilen och mindre belastning på föraren, speciellt för de åtta förare med bäst arm- och handfunktion. Aktiv kraftåterkoppling tillsammans med oberoende hastighets- och styrkontroll visade sig också ge bättre kontroll i manövertestet för samma förargupp. De förare som hade mest nedsatt arm- och handfunktion föredrog passiv återkoppling, och aktiv återkoppling upplevdes till och med som störande. Generellt visade det sig att det testade joysticksystemet var enkelt att lära sig, vilket troligtvis berodde på de korta tidsfördröjningarna. ISSN: Språk: Antal sidor: 0347-6030 Engelska 82 + 2 Bilagor Preface The work presented in this report is the result of two projects which were commissioned by the Swedish National Road Administration. The primary project was aimed to develop a method that could be used to evaluate passenger cars adapted to drivers with physical disabilities. The objective of the second project was to develop design guidelines for joystick systems utilizing control by wire technology for drivers with severe disabilities. Both projects were follow-up projects from proceeding with similar objectives. The “evaluation method” project had a second aim as being part of a PhD thesis by Björn Peters within The Graduate School for Human–Machine Interaction at the Division of Industrial Ergonomics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Linköping University. The thesis titled “Evaluation of Adapted Passenger Cars for Drivers with Physical Disabilities” was presented 22 March 2004. Linköping, February 2005 Björn Peters VTI rapport 506A VTI rapport 506A Content Page Summary 5 Sammanfattning 7 1 Background 9 1.1 Drivers with disabilities and adapted cars 9 1.2 Adaptation evaluation 10 1.3 Joystick manoeuvre test on a closed track 11 2 A theoretical framework for the experiment 13 2.1 Modelling driver behaviour 13 2.2 Servo-control models 13 2.3 A perceptual view of driving 15 2.4 The cognitive control cycle 16 2.5 Time and control – time based safety margins 17 2.6 Driving as a hierarchically structured behaviour 19 2.7 The joint system view – Control theory and Cognitive systems engineering 20 3 Adaptation of the primary controls 23 4 Aims and hypotheses 26 5 Method 28 5.1 Experimental design 28 5.2 Participants 29 5.3 Driving simulator 33 5.4 Adaptations installed in the simulator 34 5.4.1 The joystick system 34 5.5 The driving task 37 5.5.1 Driving on rural road 37 5.5.2 Manoeuvre test: double-lane change 38 5.6 Measures 39 5.6.1 Driving behaviour and performance measures 39 5.6.2 Physiological measures 43 5.6.3 Subjective measures 45 5.7 Procedure 46 5.8 Statistical Analysis 48 6 Results 50 6.1 Driving behaviour – rural road 50 6.1.1 Rural road driving – free driving behaviour 50 6.1.2 Rural road driving – car following 52 6.1.3 Rural road driving – effects of motor function in right arm/hand 54 6.1.4 Rural road driving – effects of driving experience 54 6.2 Driving performance – lane change manoeuvres 54 6.2.1 Lane change manoeuvres – effects of motor function in right arm/hand 57 6.2.2 Lane change manoeuvres – effects of driving experience 58 6.3 Physical and mental workload – physiological measures 58 VTI rapport 506A 6.4 Drivers’ opinion 60 6.4.1 Rural road driving – Questionnaire 1, part 1 60 6.4.2 Lane change manoeuvres – Questionnaire 1, part 2 61 6.4.3 Results of questionnaire 2 and 3 63 6.5 Effects of learning 65 7 Discussion 67 7.1 Driving behaviour – rural road 67 7.1.1 Driving behaviour – free driving 67 7.1.2 Driving behaviour – car following 68 7.2 Driving performance – lane change manoeuvres 69 7.3 Physical and mental workload – physiological measures 70 7.4 Drivers’ opinion 70 7.5 Effects of learning 71 7.6 Methodological considerations 71 7.6.1 Selection of test drivers and individual adaptaions 71 7.6.2 TLCmin and lateral safety margins 72 7.6.3 Manoeuvre test 73 7.6.4 Time lags 73 7.6.5 Driving simulator or real driving 74 7.7 Revisiting the theoretical realms 75 7.8 Future research 75 8 Conclusions 76 9 Acknowledgements 78 10 References 79 Appendices: Appendix 1 ASIA SCI Classification scheme Appendix 2 Pictures of adaptations installed in the participants own cars VTI rapport 506A Joystick Controlled Driving for Drivers with Disabilities. A Driving Simulator Experiment by Björn Peters and Joakim Östlund Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) SE-581 95 Linköping Sweden Summary Four-way joystick systems for steering, braking, and accelerating are sometimes used to adapt cars to drivers with severe physical disabilities. Previous research has revealed problems with such systems, such as interference between lateral and longitudinal control, lack of feedback and time lags, which make these systems difficult to use and hard to learn. The behaviour of the car is difficult to predict for the driver while driving such systems. A driving simulator experiment was conducted with the aim to investigate alternative joystick designs. Yet another objective was to contribute to the development of a method that could be used to evaluate vehicle adaptations in terms of how well the adaptation compensates for the driver’s disabilities. Thus, four different joystick designs were developed and tested by varying two factors: the degree of interference between lateral (steering) and longitudinal (speed) control (coupled/decoupled) and force feedback to the driver (passive/active). Time lags were made similar to what is found in conventional controls (steering wheel and pedals) in standard cars. It was expected that decoupling and active feedback would provide better control, less workload and make it easier to learn to drive with a joystick. Sixteen experienced drivers with a spinal cord injury at cervical level (C4–C7) participated in the experiment. However, they were all inexperienced with joystick driving. The drivers were all paralysed in their legs and the majority had a degraded function in their arms and hands. The driving task consisted of both driving on a rural road and a double lane change manoeuvre. All subjects drove with all four joystick systems. A cognitive systems engineering approach was used to argue for time based safety margin measures as a tool to determine which design was superior. However, there were rather few significant differences revealed between the four joystick designs. Partly this could have been a result from the composition of the driver group. Even if the participants were diagnostically homogenous they were functionally diverse which contributed to a large variation in data. Thus, the analysis was done both for the total group and for two separate groups of equal size depending on their arm and hand function. It was found that decoupling of lateral and longitudinal control at least partly provided better control and less workload.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • View the Manual
    Issue: 324 Lost Heaven Courier Page 1 CONTENTS System Requirements . .2 Combat! . .14 Installation . .3 Vehicles . .16 Obtaining Cars . .17 Uninstall . .3 Controlling Your Speed .18 Configuration . .3 Speedlimiter . .18 Filling Up . .18 Starting the Game . .4 Ralph’s Garage . .19 Main Menu . .4 Intro . .4 Public Transportation . .20 Tutorial . .4 Police . .21 New Game . .4 Load Game . .4 Salieri's Bar in Little Italy .22 Free Ride . .5 At Salieri's Bar . .23 Free Ride Extreme . .5 Tommy Angelo . .23 Carcyclopedia . .5 Norman . .24 Options . .5 Don Salieri . .24 Controls . .6 Paulie . .24 Audio and Video . .7 Sam . .25 Credits . .8 Frank . .25 Change Profile . .8 Vincenzo . .25 Quit . .8 Ralph . .26 Morello . .26 Controls . .9 Lucas Bertone . .26 Player Controls . .9 Car Controls . .10 Credits . .27 Basic Actions . .10 Technical Support . .30 The Game Display . .11 Electronic Registration . .30 City Map . .13 Limited Software Warranty Inventory . .14 and License Agreement . .32 Page 2 Lost Heaven Courier Issue: 324 Issue: 324 Lost Heaven Courier Page 3 Mafia requires DirectX 8.1 InstallationConfiguration System to be installed in order to run. Insert the MAFIA DISC 1 CD (You will be prompted to install into you CD-ROM (DVD- Requirements this after installing the game.) ROM) drive. The installation menu window will be displayed. The game requires the MAFIA Minimum Hardware Select INSTALL to begin the DISC 1 CD to be in the CD- Requirements: installation of the game. If ROM (DVD-ROM drive) in AUTOPLAY is disabled on your After you have installed the game 500 MHz Pentium® III or AMD order to run.
    [Show full text]
  • LADA 4X4 USER MANUAL
    Ф. 538 User manual for LADA 4x4 and its versions JSC AVTOVAZ • TOGLIATTI• RUSSIA TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR USER’S ATTENTION . 3 Braking and parking . 32 Brake fluid level . 47 Car towing . 33 Hydraulic power steering . 48 DESCRIPTION OF THE CAR . 6 Operation of a new car . 33 Battery electrolyte level . 49 Safety precautions in car operation . 34 Spark plugs and other ignition Car keys . 6 ECU-equipped car operation features 35 system elements . 50 Doors . 7 Passenger compartment ventilation Washing fluids . 50 Fuel tank plug . 8 and heating control . 38 Tire servicing . 51 Bonnet/hood . 9 Interior lighting . 39 Wheels Changing . 52 Pedal location area . 9 Replacing lamp . 53 LADA 4x4 Urban VEHICLE VERSION 39 Seats . 10 Replacement of fuses . 55 Vehicle description . 39 Mounting of child restraint system 11 Body . 58 Car laying-up . 60 Seat belts . 13 INTERIOR EQUIPMENT . 39 Sun visors and mirrors . 14 Interior Iamp . 39 CAR PERFORMANCE DATA . 61 Hydraulic power steering . 14 Outer mirrors with electric drive . 39 VAZ-2131 car model Glass holder . 40 Main performance parameters and and its modifications . 15 Window lifters . 40 dimensions . 61 Car controls . 17 Steering wheel with modified design 41 Main engine parameters . 64 Instrument cluster . 19 Vehicle towing . 41 Car fuel and speed performance Under-steering-wheel switches . 22 Spare wheel . 42 data . 64 Charge volumes . 65 Glove box . 23 Exterior dimensions for LADA 4x4 Urban . 43 Passport details . 66 Ash tray . 23 Type and nominal amount of coolant in conditioner . 44 APPENDICES . 68 CAR OPERATION . 24 Refit of fuses . 44 1. Oil and lubricants validated and Additional circuits, protected by fuses 44 Licence plate mounting .
    [Show full text]
  • Preparing to Drive
    Chapter 4 Preparing to Drive 4-1 VEHICLE INSTRUMENTATION A. Complete each of the following sentences by writing the correct word or phrase in the space provided. 1. A __________ has a scale with an indicator needle or numerical marker that keeps track of a chang- ing condition like fuel level or speed. 2. Warning lights are usually red or __________ . 3. A speedometer usually indicates vehicle speed in both miles and __________ per hour. 4. It is strictly illegal to alter the __________ on an instrument panel. 5. Most cars have a __________ that can be set back to zero at any time with the press of a button. 6. In some vehicles, you must turn on the ignition to activate the __________ . 7. Losing __________ pressure can seriously damage your engine. 8. It is your responsibility to check your oil level regularly, using the __________ located under the hood. 9. When the __________ warning light is on, it indicates a problem with your vehicle’s electrical sys- tem. 10. If the alternator is not putting out enough electricity to run a car, the engine must use stored elec- tricity from the __________ . B. What does a rheostat do? C. If you are driving a vehicle with a manual transmission, how would you use the tachometer? D. What might cause the temperature warning light to come on? 23 E. What can cause your vehicle to lose oil pressure? F. Identify each of the following vehicle instruments in the spaces provided. G. Select the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences and write the letter in the space provided.
    [Show full text]
  • View Or Download Pandora Elite Manual
    Pandora would like to thank you for choosing our service-security system Pandora Elite v2 is a car service-security system built for cars with on-board voltage of 12V. It is a complex engineering solution, which includes unique and modern technological software and hardware solutions. When building the Pandora Elite v2 we were using the most up-to-date electronics from world’s best manufacturers. The device is built using high-precision mounting and control machinery, thus we guarantee highest possible quality, reliability and stable technical characteristics for the whole operation period. The Pandora Elite v2 has a cryptographically strong authorization code with unique dialog algorithm and individual encryption key on every device. It guarantees protection form electronic hacking for the whole operation period. The system is built for your convenience: it’s ergonomic, reliable, has the highest security and service characteristics, 3 years unconditional warranty and free service and support. We are happy to provide any support we can – feel free to use our online support. WARNING! IT IS STRONGLY ADVISED TO HAVE PROFESSIONAL CAR MECHANIC INSTALLING THE SYSTEM. ANY CAR ELECTRONICS INSTALLER SHOULD BE A!BLE TO INSTALL THE SYSTEM USING INSTALLATION SCHEME IN THIS MANUAL AND THE ALARM STUDIO SOFTwarE. MOST FEATURES ARE HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON COMPETENT INSTALLATION. OUR SYSTEMS ARE THOROUGHLY TESTED FOR QUALITY, SO IF A FEATURE FAILS TO PRODUCE EXPECTED RESULT, MOST LIKELY THE PROBLEM IS IN IMPROPER INSTALLATION. This device has limited external factors resistance. It should not be subjected to water beyond occasional splatter, or operated in temperatures outside -40 to +85° C range.
    [Show full text]
  • An Actual Driving Lesson Learning to Drive a Manual
    An Actual Driving Lesson Learning to drive a manual car Where are the controls that I might have to use in my driving: Knowing where the controls are, and being able to locate and use them without looking away from the road is important. Remember in each vehicle these controls could be in different places: - Washer and wiper, front and back - Head lights, high and low beam - Hand brake - Demisters, front and back - Horn - Hazard lights - Indicators How to adjust the seat: When adjusting the seat in the car: The clutch pedal located on your left, should be depressed in to the floor and the seat adjusted so the left leg has a slight bend in it (about 15 degrees). The leg should not be fully extended. Push your shoulder into the back of the seat, and put your arms out in front of you at the top of the steering wheel, now adjust the back of the seat so your wrists are on top of the steering wheel rim (not your hand or arm but your wrist). Most cars now can adjust the height of the steering wheel. Move the steering wheel up or down so you can see the speedo clearly. How to adjust your mirrors: The mirrors should be adjusted so when you look into them, you are only moving your eyes not your head. The centre mirror: The top of your mirror should run along the top of your back window, you should be able to see the whole back window. The side mirrors: On a flat road, you should see road from the middle of the mirror to the bottom of the mirror, and from the middle of the mirror to the top of the mirror you should see houses, trees, sky etc.
    [Show full text]
  • MANUAL City Car Driving System Requirements
    Table of Content Connecting and setting up Oculus Rift and HTC Vive augmented reality System requirements ...................................................................................... 3 glasses ....................................................................................................... 8 Minimum System Configuration ................................................................... 3 Basic control settings .................................................................................. 8 Recommended System Configuration ......................................................... 3 Advanced control settings ........................................................................... 9 Program Starting ............................................................................................. 3 Advanced keyboard control settings ........................................................ 9 Program Usage ............................................................................................... 3 Advanced mouse control settings .......................................................... 10 Building Profile ............................................................................................ 3 Advanced control settings for the steering wheel, joystick and gamepad Modes ......................................................................................................... 4 .............................................................................................................. 10 “Career” Mode ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Motoring with Arthritis (PDF)
    Motoring with a rthritis Contents ricability R Driving with arthritis 3 Choosing a car Choosing a car Plan of action 3 Details of features that Choosing a car 4 may help you and ways of Products and techniques 5 adapting a car Finance 9 A guide for older and disabled people 2011 Further information 10 ricability R Car c o ntrols Car controls Information on adapted This Rica booklet outlines some of the controls for dri v ing, the key things to think about when choosing different types and or adapting a vehicle for someone who how to g et them has arthritis. We tell you about useful A guide for older and disabled people 2011 features on standard cars and the ricability Getting a Getting awheelchair into acar specialist products and techniques t h at wheelchair into a car might help you. Information on equipment This information comes from to help you stow or carry a consultation with people with arthritis wheelchair 10 N 20 IO A guide for older and disabled people IT and other experts. Product and price ED ricability information comes from Rica’s market Getting in and out of a car Ge tting in research – use it as a guide only and shop and out of a car around for the best price. More detailed guidance on choosing Techniques that may help and using a car can be found in the Rica and details of equipment guides shown here. Request free copies that is available A guide for older and disabled people Spring 2011 by post or read them on our website: ricability Wheelchair accessible vehicles Wheelchair 020 7427 2460 www.rica.org.uk accessible vehicles I The website also has the Car sear ch Information on converted tool that lets you search for cars by their vehicles to carry you in measurements and will help you find a A guide for older and disabled people 2011 your wheelchair car to suit you.
    [Show full text]
  • An Evaluation of Input Controls for In-Car Interactions Alexander Ng1, Stephen A
    Technology Augmented Driving CHI 2017, May 6–11, 2017, Denver, CO, USA An Evaluation of Input Controls for In-Car Interactions Alexander Ng1, Stephen A. Brewster1 Frank Beruscha2, Wolfgang Krautter2 Glasgow Interactive Systems Group Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering School of Computing Science Robert Bosch GmbH University of Glasgow, UK Renningen, Germany 1{first.last}@glasgow.ac.uk 2{first.last}@de.bosch.com ABSTRACT related literature) are now available on mobile devices such The way drivers operate in-car systems is rapidly changing as as Apple’s iPhones and MacBook Pros and are likely to traditional physical controls, such as buttons and dials, are transfer to in-car centre consoles in the future. However, the being replaced by touchscreens and touch-sensing surfaces. tactile sensations from pressing on physical buttons and This has the potential to increase driver distraction and error grasping rotary dials are lost when inputting on smooth as controls may be harder to find and use. This paper pre- touchscreens and many in-car touch surfaces lack any form sents an in-car, on the road driving study which examined of haptic feedback. This is a safety concern as drivers are three key types of input controls to investigate their effects: a likely to spend more time looking at and interacting with the physical dial, pressure-based input on a touch surface and touchscreen and new touch surfaces than at the road ahead touch input on a touchscreen. The physical dial and pres- [4,12]. sure-based input were also evaluated with and without haptic feedback.
    [Show full text]
  • Motoring with Multiple Sclerosis
    Moto ring with multiple sclerosis 2016 Motoring with multiple s c lerosis ricability R Choosing a car Choosing a car Contents Details of features that Driving with MS 3 may help you and ways of Choosing a car 4 adapting a car Plan of action 5 Products and techniques 6 A guide for older and disabled people 2011 Finance 9 Car controls Further information 10 Information on adapted controls for driving, the This Rica booklet outlines some of the different types and key things to think about when choosing how to get them or adapting a vehicle for someone who has multiple sclerosis (MS) . Getting a Getting awheelchair into acar This information comes from wheelchair into a car consultation with people with multiple Information on equipment sclerosis and other experts. Product and to help you stow or carry a price information comes from Rica’s wheelchair market research – use it as a guide only A guide for older and disabled people 2013 and shop around for the best price. Getting in More detailed guidance on choosing and out of a car and using a car can be found in the Rica Techniques that may help guides shown here. Call us to request and details of equipment free copies or read them on our website: that is available 020 7427 2460 ricability www.rica.org.uk Wheelchair Wheelchair accessible vehicles Car sear c h The website also has the accessible vehicles page that lets you search for cars by t h eir Information on converted I measurements and will help you find a vehicles to carry you in car to suit you.
    [Show full text]
  • OEM 3Rd Party Telematics - General Analysis
    OEM 3rd Party Telematics - General Analysis OEM 3rd Party Telematics - General Analysis FIGIEFA Bd de la Woluwe 42 1200 Brussels, Belgium Knobloch & Gröhn GbR Version: 1.0 Burgwall 15 Dated: 4.12.2018 D-44135 Dortmund Germany Page: 1 OEM 3rd Party Telematics - General Analysis Table of Contents Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. 2 1 Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Requirements for a fair online Repair and Maintenance market ...................................... 7 1.1.1 Annotation: Access technologies via smartphone ........................................................ 9 1.2 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Timeframe for research, Limits of the Approach ............................................................ 11 1.3.1 Annotation to term “Real Time ability” ....................................................................... 12 1.4 Results ......................................................................................................................... 13 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 16 1.5 Field Study: What OEMs can really do ........................................................................... 19 2 Field Study: What OEMs can really do ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Your Guide to Adaptations
    Your guide to adaptations Inside: Need-to-know handy details about adaptation types Step-by-step guide to leasing your Motability car with adaptations Questions answered our customers most frequently asked adaptations questions Watch our adaptations film clips motability.co.uk/adaptationsfilms Who’s involved We are Motability Operations Ltd, a company authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. All Motability Scheme vehicles are leased to customers by us. Motability, the charity, oversees and sets policy for the Motability Scheme. If customers are unable to afford the right mobility solution to meet their needs, Motability may be able to provide financial help. Hello and welcome to our adaptations guide Adaptations are a range This guide is designed to of devices that can be fitted explain the basic functions to your car, typically falling of some of our most popular into three categories: to adaptations, and get you help you drive, to help you on the road to finding stow your wheelchair or the right answers to your scooter and to help you get mobility needs. We’ll take in and out of your car. Today you through each stage over 40,000 customers have step-by-step, from getting adaptations fitted to their the right advice, to ordering cars, to make their driving or adaptations for your travelling experience easier Motability car. and more comfortable. Our advice Many cars now have standard features Driving such as automatic Adaptations transmission, push to help improve your button ignition, auto driving experience wipers, auto lights and parking sensors, all of 1 which can help make driving or travelling Stowage easier.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Factors Research on Automobile Secondary Controls: a Literature Review Chris H
    UMTRI-87-20 Human Factors Research on Automobile Secondary Controls: A Literature Review Chris H. Turner Paul Green October 1987 The University of Michigan UMTRI Transportation Research Institute Toebnicol R.por, Dmcrmtath Page 9 1. RmNo. 2 Accosrian Na. 3. R.civmt'r Catalog Na. UMTRI -87-20 4. Titlo d Subtitlo 5. R-t Doto HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH ON AUTOMOBILE SECONDARY October, 1987 ' 6. pufoming Ormxmuocl Cd. CONTROLS: A LITERATURE REVIEW 389036 8. P&ng O&r.cim R.prr No. 7. ArWs) Chris H. Turner and Paul Green UMTRI-87-20 9. PrWyOrgairdm NI. d Allns. 10. lor& Un~tNo. The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute 11. 6n~~~oI GI~~NO. 2901 Baxter Road DRDA-85-2382-P1 , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150 U.S.A. 13. 1- 01 RW ad Pwid b..rd 12 hsuiy A- Nmad Aihs Chrysler Motors Corporation Interim R&D Programs Admini stration 9/1/85-8/31/87 12000 Chrysler Drive 14. +soricyAmy am , Hiclhland Park, MI 48288 - 1118 2000512 15. ks Supported by the Chrysler Challenge Fund 1%. Akcnrr This report reviews every document appearing in the open literature (over 40) on human factors and the design of secondary controls (wiper, lights, etc.). The report examines the fol 1owing questions: . What expectancies do drivers have for controls? . What control designs do people prefer? . What problems do drivers say they have with controls? . What do the driver performance data show? . How have human factors analyses been used to design controls? . How should specific controls be designed? While the literature yields considerable insight into how research should be conducted, a surprisingly small amount of what has been done is applicable to contemporary design problems.
    [Show full text]