Co. Donegal’, UJA 3Rd Series 29, 6–15
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180 2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTIONS OF PASSAGE TOMBS IN COUNTY DONEGAL The sites in the Kilmonaster cemetery, c. 2.5km N of Castlefinn, are described first, followed by the more isolated sites in the county. Of the twelve cemetery sites described by Ó Nualláin (1968b), eight are included here in the order of the letters he assigned to them. One, Croaghan/Glensmoil (Site L), is included among the isolated sites in the county, and three are described in Appendix 1 (Nos. 42, 67 and 68). The isolated passage tombs in the county are arranged in alphabetical order. An asterisk preceding a townland name denotes some uncertainty about the classification. THE KILMONASTER CEMETERY Kilmonaster Middle (Site A). OS 70:14:6 (44.7 5.3). ‘Giant’s Graves’ (applies also to Site D) (1948–54). OD 100–200. H 273 976. This monument consists of a cruciform passage tomb standing close to the western edge of a large mound. The mound has been planted with trees, and its original perimeter is distorted by fences, but it appears to have been round in outline and c. 23m in diameter. It is now c. 1.5m high. A number of kerbstones can be identified, some of quartz. There are a large number of scattered quartz fragments on the surface of the mound. The surviving tomb structure is 7m in overall length, and it is aligned approximately W–E. Little now survives of the passage, which is entered from the W, but it was at least 3m long. The northern transept, at right angles to the inner end of the passage, is 1.1m long and narrows from 1.1m wide at the front to 0.9m at the back. A large roofstone, possibly somewhat displaced, covers this chamber. The southern transept is set somewhat askew to the main axis of the monument. It is 1.2m long and 0.9m wide at the front, narrowing to 0.7m at the back. The endchamber is 2.4m long and 1.5m wide. The stones of this chamber are somewhat taller than those of the transepts. Fagan 1845–8, book 10, 30; de Valera 1960, 71, fn. 224; Ó Nualláin 1968b, 5–8 (plan, photographs); Herity 1974, 214, Dg. 1; Ó Nualláin 1983a, 36, no. 75 (plan); SMR 1987, 70:66; Ó Nualláin 1989, 127; RMP 1995, 70:63. Kilmonaster Middle (Site B). OS 70:14:6 (43.6 5.5). Not marked (1948–54). OD 100–200. H 272 976. * Kilmonaster Middle (Site C). OS 70:14:6 (43.5 5.7). Not marked (1948–54). OD 100–200. H 272 976. These monuments stood c. 120m W of Site A. Both have been removed. They are shown on the OS six-inch map of 1845–7, where collectively with Site A they are named ‘Giant’s Graves’. Site B is shown as a circle of dots, suggesting a kerb with a diameter a little over 20m within which a small group of dots seems to represent a chamber. On the pre-publication field map the kerb-like feature is named ‘Druidic Circle’, and the group of dots in the interior is named ‘Cromlech’. Site C is shown as a small group of dots, perhaps representing a chamber, on the published map of 1845–7 and is named ‘Cromlech’ on the pre-publication field map. As shown on the OS map, it stood c. 10m NW of Site B, but according to Thomas Fagan (1845–8) these sites stood c. 30 yards (c. 27.5m) apart. Fagan recorded that both were built with stones measuring 2 feet (c. 0.6m) to 31 2 feet (c. 1.05m) high. He noted that one of these graves—he did not specify which—was 11 feet (c. 3.3m) long by 41 2 feet (c. 1.4m) wide and the other 6 feet (c. 1.8m) long by 41 2 feet (c. 1.4m) wide; both, he claimed, were originally larger. It appears that Site B, apparently a megalithic tomb in a circular, possibly kerbed cairn, was probably a passage tomb, and Site C, in view of its proximity, may also have been one. Fagan 1845–8, book 10, 31; Ó Nualláin 1968b, 8–9; Herity 1974, 214, Dg. 2 and Dg. 3; Ó Nualláin 1983a, 36, nos. 76–7; Ó Nualláin 1989, 127; RMP 1995, 70:63. PASSAGE TOMBS 181 * Kilmonaster Middle (Site D). OS 70:14:6 (43.4 5.1). Marked but not named (1948–54). OD 100–200. H 271 975. This monument stands c. 140m WSW of Site A. Now partly incorporated in a roadside fence, the structure is quite ruined and consists of four orthostats and what appears to be a displaced roofstone. The roofstone, 2.2m by 2.2m and 0.4m thick, leans against the western face of an orthostat measuring 0.75m high and at least 1.6m long, which is aligned more or less N–S. Just 0.2m to the E of the concealed southern end of this orthostat are two set stones, each c. 0.6m long, the northern one 0.55m high and the southern 0.4m. Approximately 1m S of the large orthostat is another set stone. This is 0.6m long and also 0.6m high. Although the remains are clearly those of a megalithic tomb, its original design is not clear. Its proximity to the cruciform passage tomb (Site A) and to another probable passage tomb (Site B) suggests that it too may be the remains of one. A large quantity of human bone is said to have been unearthed here in 1839 (Fagan 1845–8). Fagan 1845–8, book 10, 31; Ó Nualláin 1968b, 9 (plan, photograph); Herity 1974, 214, Dg. 4; Ó Nualláin 1983a, 36, no. 78 (plan); SMR 1987, 70:68; Ó Nualláin 1989, 127; RMP 1995, 70:63. Kilmonaster Middle (Site E). OS 70:14:6 (43.3 6.3). ‘Carn (Site of)’ (1948–54). OD 100–200. H 271 977. This monument, which has been removed, stood c. 170m NW of Site A. According to OS cartographic and documentary records of the 1840s, the eastern half of a kerbed round mound, c. 23m in diameter, within which there appears to have been some form of structure, stood here alongside a roadway. The remainder of the mound had been demolished during construction of the road. According to Thomas Fagan (1845–8), ‘many graves and human bones’ were unearthed during this work. The remaining half of the mound was levelled toward the end of the 19th century (OS 1:2,500 Name Book, 1905). Bones were again reportedly unearthed at this time. There is a possibility that this was a passage tomb. Fagan 1845–8, book 10, 29; OS 1:2,500 Name Book, sheet 70 (1905), 68; Ó Nualláin 1968b, 11; Herity 1974, 214, Dg. 5; Ó Nualláin 1983a, 36, no. 79; SMR 1987, 70:65; Ó Nualláin 1989, 127; RMP 1995, 70:63. * Kilmonaster Middle (Site F). OS 70:14:6 (42.6 5.2). ‘Giant’s Grave (Site of)’ (1948–54). OD 100–200. H 271 976. This monument has been removed. It stood 220m W of the cruciform passage tomb (Site A). Thomas Fagan (1845–8) described it as a ruined cairn, 25 yards (c. 23m) in diameter, enclosed by blocks of stone, apparently a kerb. He reported that in the cairn there were ‘square’, ‘oblong’ and ‘circular graves’, some of which were covered by flags bearing ‘sundry rude devices’. Human bones were reportedly found in these graves. The presence of a round kerbed mound close to others containing passage tombs suggests that this may also have been a passage tomb, although the possibility that the whole was a cemetery mound containing cists has also been suggested (Waddell 1990). Fagan 1845–8, book 10, 29; Ó Nualláin 1968b, 11–12; Herity 1974, 214, Dg. 6; Ó Nualláin 1983a, 36, no. 80; SMR 1987, 70:67; Ó Nualláin 1989, 127; Waddell 1990, 73; RMP 1995, 70:63. * Kilmonaster Middle (Site G). OS 70:14:6. No precise location. This monument is known only from Thomas Fagan’s (1845–8) account, which was written in 1846, some years after it had been removed. He was informed locally that it was a cairn of white stones in which ‘several stone coffins’ containing human bones had been found. One of the ‘coffins’ was said to have contained a full skeleton accompanied by a ‘brass hatchet’. The precise location of this monument is not known, but according to Fagan 182 SURVEY OF THE MEGALITHIC TOMBS OF IRELAND it was on the holding of John Stewart and adjoined the W side of the road running N–S through the townland. It is clear from land valuation records (Griffith 1848–64) and related maps that in or around 1857 a parcel of land occupied by John Stewart opened onto both sides of the road for a distance of c. 170m. The southern and northern limits of this stretch of ground are 4.5cm and 6.2cm from the southern edge of OS six-inch sheet 70. This would place the monument c. 150m W of Site A, the cruciform passage tomb in the townland. It has been suggested (Ó Nualláin 1968b, 12) that a slight mound c. 90m N of Site E in the same townland may mark the location of this site, but as it lies to the N of what was the Stewart holding this seems unlikely. The precise nature of this monument is unclear, but its proximity to a small group of passage tombs suggests that it may have been another one.