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Presentation Outline INTRODUCTION TANZANIA-LOCATION INITIATIVES ON SMALL SCALE LIQUID BIOFUELS PRODUCTION AND USE IN TANZANIA Presentation outline Introduction. Tanzania Location and other particulars. Energy status. UNITED NATIONS EXPERT GROUP Bio energy sub sector status in Tanzania. MEETING ON BIOFUELS FOR SUB-SAHARA-AFRICA Liquid bio fuel status and Potentials. March 29 to 30th, 2007 Small Scale Bio fuel Pilot Projects (Jatropha and MFP). E.N. SAWE –Director Challenges. TaTEDO-Tanzania. Conclusion. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] or [email protected] Way forward strategy. Website. www.tatedo.org 19/04/2007 1 19/04/2007 2 INTRODUCTION TANZANIA-LOCATION Map of Tanzania Location:Between 1o and 12oS and 30o and 41oE between This presentation provides brief three great lakes - Victoria (north), Tanganyika (west) and overview of Tanzania bio fuels and Nyasa (south west) in the Western Rift Valley and the Indian pilot efforts on small scale production and use of bio-fuels. Ocean (east) in East Africa. Altitude: Between the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro 5,950 m. The country has total land area of above sea level and the floor of Lake Tanganyika 358 m. 93.8 million hectares (Mha). below sea level. Potential area for rain fed crop production is 55.2 (Mha) of which 10.8Mha are in use for crop production, the rest, 44.4 Mha are available for crop production. Mt Kilimanjaro (5,950 m above sea level) Lake Tanganyika-Gombe Shore (358 m below sea level) 19/04/2007 3 19/04/2007 4 1 TANZANIA-SELECTED INDICATORS ENERGY STATUS Rich in Energy resources ( biomass, coal, hydro, natural gas, Country Size: Covers an area of about 945,087 sq. solar etc.) but its population has low access to modern km. energy services. Population: Estimated at 34.6 million (with annual Energy consumption pattern, 90 percent from solid biofuels growth rate of about 2.1%). About 70% of the total (charcoal and firewood), 8 percent from petroleum population lives in rural areas. products, 1 percent electricity and others 1 percent. Economy: GDP (2005) amounted to USD 10.5 billion. Characterized by low per capita consumption of modern Economy depends on agriculture, Minerals and energy, net importer of petroleum products. tourism. Low electricity consumption 10 percent of the population Economic growth: is around 6.8% (2006) picked up have access to electricity in rural areas only 2 percent, from sales and retail trade, substantial industrial annual per capita 100 kWh. investment and an increase in minerals, led by gold 80 percent of energy is consumed in rural areas where and tourism. about 70 percent of the population live. Industries: Mostly for processing of agricultural Solid biofuels consumption is on the increase in absolute products and production of light consumer goods. terms. 19/04/2007 5 19/04/2007 6 BIO ENERGY SUB-SECTOR STATUS Modern Bio Energy production & use IN TANZANIA Traditional Bio Energy. Liquid bio fuels. Ethanol: No past experience in Tanzania, however in the Wood fuels (firewood and charcoal), crop residues meets about 90% of total energy. region Kenya, Malawi & Zimbabwe have experience from Sugar Plant molasses There are several concerns, environmental, Indoor Air Pollution & health, deforestation and livelihoods. Bio diesel: No experience in Tanzania neither in the region. Traditional use of solid bio-energy will continue for the Gaseous bio energy: foreseeable future due to lack of affordable alternatives. More than 6000 biogas plants built (Pilot biogas plant with sisal waste as feedstock for electricity generation in a Improved bio energy production and use. private farm under development). More and more households are adopting improved Gasification: Only demonstrated in some institutions and wood fuels (charcoal and firewood) stoves. rural areas. Uncoordinated efforts for sustainable production of Solid bio energy. woodlots, agro forestry and residue use etc. Co-generation:-practiced at a low scale in sugar Increasing efforts to improve charcoal production plantations. kilns. Briquette production interest is on the increase. 19/04/2007 7 19/04/2007 8 2 Benefits of bio fuels development Pre requisites for Successful biofuels in Tanzania development Programs Based on experience from India (Jatropha) and Brazil (ethanol), : Could include among others: Broad involvement and close co-operation between all Agriculture/ rural development creating new stakeholders (Government, NGOs, private sectors, jobs and income opportunity thus contribute to farmers) for the elaboration and the implementation poverty reduction, of bio-fuels development programs. Reduction of oil imports – foreign exchange Establishment of long-term, stable and clear policies, savings. regulations and incentives. Improved energy securities at all levels. Legislation on mandatory blending (as one option to support the development of liquid bio-fuels, produced Creation of local industries. in the country). Low taxation on bio fuels vehicles. Reduction of GHG emissions – opportunity for Initial market guarantee for biofuels (say through CDM and carbon trading. regulated prices by the Government) in order to secure returns on investment in the bio fuels sectors. Reduction of air pollution (lead, So2,Co) 19/04/2007 9 19/04/2007 10 BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS LIQUID BIOFUELS DEVELOPMENT IN TANZANIA EFFORTS Policy Issues There exist limited efforts on modern Bio fuels Clear policies, strategies and (solid, liquid and gaseous) development in regulations for modern bio fuels development are still not in place. Jatropha in Schools the country due to: There are no specific targets yet set Low awareness at all levels on the potential for bio-fuel development and blending in Tanzania. benefits of modern bio fuels especially among the rural population. A national task force has been Sugarcane Farm formed under the Ministry of Planning and Economic Empowerment working on Policies, Limited knowledge, experience and capital strategies and regulations to to invest on modern bio fuels . streamline the development of bio- fuels in Tanzania. Lack of fiscal and financial incentives. Jatropha Farm 19/04/2007 11 19/04/2007 12 3 LIQUID BIOFUELS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS Bio Energy Development Options Small Scale (size ??) However, there are increasing uncoordinated Large Scale 1. Jatropha 1. Sugar Cane 2. Sugar Cane efforts by government, private and NGOs 2. Palm/ Jatropha 3. cassava institutions to promote modern bio-fuels in Large plantation Small holder led (contract ) Very competitive Higher cost base Inter Cropping Single crop the country. globally Less globally competitive- Current actors include Govt. Ministries i.e. High value added Complex, value added Value added to local MEM, MPEE, MAC, private sectors KAKUTE Little value added to local communities to local communities Communities to local communities export potential High risk High risk Ltd, FELISA, Diligent Ltd, TaTEDO, University export potential Local production and use Local markets Complex food fuel social issues, crops Cash – crop interactions of Dar es Salaam, and other stakeholders.. not well characterized 19/04/2007 13 19/04/2007 14 LIQUID BIOFUEL STATUS Size and structure of the farms POTENTIALS No significant production and use of liquid bio- About 20 percent of the total farm areas is under private fuels exist in the country. large farms. A review of the distribution of large farms by regions shows Growing interest in the production and use of that one third or more of the area in large farms is in ethanol and bio diesel. Arusha, Tanga,, Lindi, Iringa, Singida, Shinyanga, and Mwanza regions. Several investors have shown interest to grow Around 75 percent of the arable land in Tanzania is not bio fuels crops in large scale farms with small under cultivation. holder contract farming. However, availability of land in other regions for large and small investments in energy crops is possible. Plentiful availability of land suitable for growing energy crops. (large & Small scale). Huge potential exist for energy crops also to be grown by smallholder farmers if they are supported and assured of market. 19/04/2007 15 19/04/2007 16 4 Ethanol Crops: Sugar and Starch Crops are potential bio fuel (Ethanol) source ENERGY CROPS Oil Seed Crops Starch based ethanol production- Oilseeds plants (crops) include both from different crops such as wheat, industrial (castor seeds) and edible oilseeds (sunflowers, groundnuts, rice, maize, potatoes, cassava etc, is cashew-nut, sesame, cottonseeds, possible although would compete peanuts, avocado, palm seed and soya beans). with food requirements under Of oil producing tree species, some current production levels. have been evaluated and found that Jatropha carcus most suitable for bio- Sugarcane-ethanol production in the fuel. country can be processed through Jatropha is drought resistant plant and can be grown in marginal lands, sugarcane–sugar route. Ethanol farmers’ field boundaries, fallow lands could also be extracted from on farmers’ holdings as agro-forestry along with agricultural crops, public sugarcane-sugar-molasses route. Sugarcane – a potential lands, limited other commercial value The route could be developed by source of ethanol than oil for biodiesel. sugar companies KSC,TPC, NSC and KSC. 19/04/2007 17 19/04/2007 18 SMALL SCALE BIOFUEL PILOT PROJECTS SMALL SCALE BIOFUEL PILOT PROJECTS (1) JATROPHA PRODUCTION, USE AND PROMOTION (1)JATROPHA PRODUCTION, USE AND PROMOTION Over view Features of the project area Number of households- 2254, Population- 6800 At the moment
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