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Gondwanan Origin of Major Monocot Groups Inferred from Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis Kåre Bremer Uppsala University
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 3 2006 Gondwanan Origin of Major Monocot Groups Inferred from Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis Kåre Bremer Uppsala University Thomas Janssen Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Bremer, Kåre and Janssen, Thomas (2006) "Gondwanan Origin of Major Monocot Groups Inferred from Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/3 Aliso 22, pp. 22-27 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden GONDWANAN ORIGIN OF MAJOR MONO COT GROUPS INFERRED FROM DISPERSAL-VICARIANCE ANALYSIS KARE BREMERl.3 AND THOMAS JANSSEN2 lDepartment of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvagen l8D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; 2Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Departement de Systematique et Evolution, USM 0602: Taxonomie et collections, 16 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Historical biogeography of major monocot groups was investigated by biogeographical analysis of a dated phylogeny including 79 of the 81 monocot families using the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II (APG II) classification. Five major areas were used to describe the family distributions: Eurasia, North America, South America, Africa including Madagascar, and Australasia including New Guinea, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. In order to investigate the possible correspondence with continental breakup, the tree with its terminal distributions was fitted to the geological area cladogram «Eurasia, North America), (Africa, (South America, Australasia») and to alternative area cladograms using the TreeFitter program. -
Macaws & Biodiversity
Biosphere Expeditions Not for profit, for wildlife: Award-winning, hands-on, non-profit conservation expeditions for everyone. Adventures with a purpose. Expedition report Surveying monkeys, macaws and other wildlife of the Peru Amazon. Expedition dates: 15 June – 25 July 2003 Report published: December 2003 Authors: Emma E.K. Tatum-Hume Piedras Biodiversity Station Margarita M. Müller Universidad de Ricardo Palma, Lima Konrad S. Schmidt Biosphere Expeditions Matthias L.A. Hammer (editor) Biosphere Expeditions £10 / €15 where sold Abstract In 2003 Biosphere Expeditions completed a second successful year of biodiversity investigations at the Piedras Biodiversity Station along the River Las Piedras in the Per Amazon. This year the expedition ran between 15 June and 25 July 2003 and concentrated on four projects. The herpetology project was the first of its kind for the Piedras river system and in just four weeks the expedition collected and identified 71 species of frog, toad and reptile, a considerable number for such a short period of time. Data collection continued on the mammal transects and at the macaw colpa. The mammal transect investigations collected data on animal populations and compared populations in a hunted versus a non-hunted area. At the macaw colpa the team continued to investigate the impacts of boat traffic on parrot feeding behaviour and looked at species composition and numbers. A further study was carried out at a mammal colpa. Using combined print traps and a remote sensor video camera 14 species of bird and animal were recorded feeding at the colpa. En 2003 Biosphere Expeditions completo un segundo año exitoso de investigación en el Rió Las Piedras. -
GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation
GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field. -
Pollen Morphology of Rapateaceae Sherwin Carlquist Claremont Graduate School
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 5 | Issue 1 Article 7 1961 Pollen Morphology of Rapateaceae Sherwin Carlquist Claremont Graduate School Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Carlquist, Sherwin (1961) "Pollen Morphology of Rapateaceae," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 5: Iss. 1, Article 7. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol5/iss1/7 ALISO VoL. 5, No. 1, pp. 39-66 MAY 15, 1961 POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF RAPATEACEAE SHERWIN CARLQUIST1 Claremont Graduate School, Claremont, California INTRODUCTION Several circumstances prompt the presentation of studies on pollen morphology of Rapa teaceae at this time. First, recent explorations in the Guayana Highland region of northern South America have amassed excellent collections in this interesting monocotyledonous family. The family is restricted to South America with the exception of a monotypic genus in western tropical Africa (Maguire et al., 1958). Although there is no reason to believe that all new species in the family have been described, the remarkable collections of material certainly do furnish an extensive basis for pollen study which has not been available previ ously. Of great significance in this regard are the collections of Maguire and his associates at the New York Botanical Garden. Many of these collections included liquid-preserved portions. A second reason for presentation of pollen studies is the excellent condition in which pollen-bearing material of many species was preserved. Because the delicate nature of pollen grains of Rapateaceae, as described below, makes preparation of pollen-grain slides from dried material often unsatisfactory, liquid-preserved material is especially im portant. -
Novelties in Rapatea (Rapateaceae) from Colombia Gerardo A
Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 40(157):644-652, octubre-diciembre de 2016 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.403 Artículo original Ciencias Naturales Novelties in Rapatea (Rapateaceae) from Colombia Gerardo A. Aymard C.1,2,*, Henry Arellano-Peña1,3 1Compensation International Progress S. A. –Ciprogress Greenlife– , Bogotá, Colombia 2UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa, Venezuela 3Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales,Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia Abstract Rapatea isanae, from the upper Isana [Içana] river, Guianía Department, Colombia, is described and illustrated, and its morphological relationships with allied species are discussed. This taxon is remarkable for Rapatea in its small stature (15–30 cm tall) and leaves, and it is only the second species with white petals in a genus that otherwise has only yellow petals. It is most closely R. spruceana, with the base of the leaf blade gradually tapering from the intergrading into the petiole, and the bractlet of the spikelet and sepal shape. However, this new species differs from R. spruceana in its shorter size, sparse verrucose on the lower surface, the length of the attenuate portion of the involucral bracts, and the shape and color of the petals. It also has similarities to R. longipes and R. modesta in its ventricose sheath-leaf, inflorescence shape, and bractlets equal in length. A previously described species from Colombia is restablished (i.e., R. modesta), and one variety is elevated to the rank of species (i.e., R. -
From Four Sites in Southern Amazonia, with A
Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Nat., Belém, v. 4, n. 2, p. 99-118, maio-ago. 2009 Squamata (Reptilia) from four sites in southern Amazonia, with a biogeographic analysis of Amazonian lizards Squamata (Reptilia) de quatro localidades da Amazônia meridional, com uma análise biogeográfica dos lagartos amazônicos Teresa Cristina Sauer Avila-PiresI Laurie Joseph VittII Shawn Scott SartoriusIII Peter Andrew ZaniIV Abstract: We studied the squamate fauna from four sites in southern Amazonia of Brazil. We also summarized data on lizard faunas for nine other well-studied areas in Amazonia to make pairwise comparisons among sites. The Biogeographic Similarity Coefficient for each pair of sites was calculated and plotted against the geographic distance between the sites. A Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity was performed comparing all sites. A total of 114 species has been recorded in the four studied sites, of which 45 are lizards, three amphisbaenians, and 66 snakes. The two sites between the Xingu and Madeira rivers were the poorest in number of species, those in western Amazonia, between the Madeira and Juruá Rivers, were the richest. Biogeographic analyses corroborated the existence of a well-defined separation between a western and an eastern lizard fauna. The western fauna contains two groups, which occupy respectively the areas of endemism known as Napo (west) and Inambari (southwest). Relationships among these western localities varied, except between the two northernmost localities, Iquitos and Santa Cecilia, which grouped together in all five area cladograms obtained. No variation existed in the area cladogram between eastern Amazonia sites. The easternmost localities grouped with Guianan localities, and they all grouped with localities more to the west, south of the Amazon River. -
Generic Additions to the Rapateaceae of Rondônia, Brazil
ACTA AMAZONICA http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201700691 Generic additions to the Rapateaceae of Rondônia, Brazil Rodrigo Schütz RODRIGUES1* 1 Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Av. Ene Garcez 2413, 69304-000, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil. * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Rapateaceae is a monocot family centered in the Guiana Shield region of South America. This article reports four generic additions to the Rapateaceae of Rondônia, a state in northern Brazil. Cephalostemon gracilis (Poepp. & Endl.) R.H.Schomb., Duckea cyperaceoidea (Ducke) Maguire, Monotrema xyridoides Gleason, and Schoenocephalium cucullatum Maguire were recorded in lowland savannas and open white-sand ecosystems in the state. These findings extend significantly the known diversity of the Rapateaceae taxa occurring in Rondônia, and represent an extension of their geographical distribution to a Brazilian state with no part of its territory in the Guiana Shield. KEYWORDS: Amazonia, floristics, Guiana Shield, new record Novos registros genéricos de Rapateaceae para Rondônia, Brasil RESUMO Rapateaceae é uma família de monocotiledôneas centrada na região do Escudo das Guianas da América do Sul. Este artigo relata o registro de quatro gêneros de Rapateaceae para o estado de Rondônia, norte do Brasil. Cephalostemon gracilis (Poepp. & Endl.) R.H.Schomb., Duckea cyperaceoidea (Ducke) Maguire, Monotrema xyridoides Gleason e Schoenocephalium cucullatum Maguire são registrados em áreas de baixa altitude, ocorrendo em savanas e ecossistemas de campinas e campinaras no estado. Estas descobertas aumentam significativamente a diversidade conhecida de táxons de Rapateaceae para Rondônia, bem como representam uma extensão de sua distribuição geográfica para um estado que não tem nenhuma parte de seu território incluído no Escudo das Guianas. -
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- an Overview
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- An Overview Douglas C. Daly John D. Mitchell The New York Botanical Garden [modified from this reference:] Daly, D. C. & J. D. Mitchell 2000. Lowland vegetation of tropical South America -- an overview. Pages 391-454. In: D. Lentz, ed. Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the pre-Columbian Americas. Columbia University Press, New York. 1 Contents Introduction Observations on vegetation classification Folk classifications Humid forests Introduction Structure Conditions that suppport moist forests Formations and how to define them Inclusions and archipelagos Trends and patterns of diversity in humid forests Transitions Floodplain forests River types Other inundated forests Phytochoria: Chocó Magdalena/NW Caribbean Coast (mosaic type) Venezuelan Guayana/Guayana Highland Guianas-Eastern Amazonia Amazonia (remainder) Southern Amazonia Transitions Atlantic Forest Complex Tropical Dry Forests Introduction Phytochoria: Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela Caatinga Chaco Chaquenian vegetation Non-Chaquenian vegetation Transitional vegetation Southern Brazilian Region Savannas Introduction Phytochoria: Cerrado Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia Roraima-Rupununi savanna region Llanos de Moxos (mosaic type) Pantanal (mosaic type) 2 Campo rupestre Conclusions Acknowledgments Literature Cited 3 Introduction Tropical lowland South America boasts a diversity of vegetation cover as impressive -- and often as bewildering -- as its diversity of plant species. In this chapter, we attempt to describe the major types of vegetation cover in this vast region as they occurred in pre- Columbian times and outline the conditions that support them. Examining the large-scale phytogeographic regions characterized by each major cover type (see Fig. I), we provide basic information on geology, geological history, topography, and climate; describe variants of physiognomy (vegetation structure) and geography; discuss transitions; and examine some floristic patterns and affinities within and among these regions. -
The Genus Stenocercus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Extra- Amazonian Brazil, with the Description of Two New Species
South American Journal of Herpetology, 1(3), 2006, 149-165 © 2006 Brazilian Society of Herpetology THE GENUS STENOCERCUS (SQUAMATA: TROPIDURIDAE) IN EXTRA- AMAZONIAN BRAZIL, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES CRISTIANO NOGUEIRA1,3,4 AND MIGUEL T. RODRIGUES2 1 Departamento de Ecologia, IBUSP, CP 11461, 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Zoologia, IBUSP, CP 11461, 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 3 Present adress: Conservação Internacional do Brasil, programa Cerrado. SAUS Qd. 3 Lt. 2 Bl. C, Edifício Business Point, Salas 715-722. 70070-934, Brasília, DF. Brazil. 4 Correspondig author: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The genus Stenocercus includes over 50 species, distributed mainly in elevated areas in the Andes and adjacent lowlands, with only a few taxa known to occur in Brazil. The easternmost populations of the genus are poorly studied and represented in collections. Herein we describe Stenocercus quinarius sp. n. from northwestern Minas Gerais and western Bahia states, and Stenocercus squarrosus sp. n. from the southern portion of the state of Piauí, two previously poorly sampled areas in central and northeastern Brazil. The two new species seem closely related to Stenocercus dumerilii and Stenocercus tricristatus, but are easily diagnosed from all Stenocercus and from each other based on morphometric and meristic characters. The distribution patterns and possible phylogenetic affinities of the eastermost, pyramidal headed Stenocercus group are discussed, along with an overview of distribution patterns -
Biological Inventories P Rapid
biological R Rapid Biological Inventories apid Biological Inventories rapid inventories 11 Instituciones Participantes / Participating Institutions :11 The Field Museum Perú: Yavarí Centro de Conservación, Investigación y Manejo de Perú: Yavarí Áreas Naturales (CIMA–Cordillera Azul) Wildlife Conservation Society–Peru Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology Rainforest Conservation Fund Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Financiado por / Partial funding by Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation The Field Museum Environmental & Conservation Programs 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA T 312.665.7430 F 312.665.7433 www.fieldmuseum.org/rbi THE FIELD MUSEUM PERÚ: Yavarí fig.2 La planicie aluvial del Yavarí es un rico mosaico de bosques inundados y pantanos. Las comunidades de árboles de la reserva propuesta (línea punteada en blanco) se encuentran entre las más diversas del planeta. En esta imagen compuesta de satélite (1999/2001) resaltamos la Reserva Comunal Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo (línea punteada en gris) junto con los ríos y pueblos cercanos a los sitios del inventario biológico rápido. The Yavarí floodplain is a rich mosaic of flooded forest and swamps. Tree communities of the proposed reserve (dotted white line) are among the most diverse on the planet. In this composite satellite image of 1999/2001 we highlight the Reserva Comunal Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo (dotted grey line) along with the rivers and towns close to the rapid inventory sites. Iquitos río Manití río Orosa río Esperanza -
Nuclear Genes, Matk and the Phylogeny of the Poales
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2018 Nuclear genes, matK and the phylogeny of the Poales Hochbach, Anne ; Linder, H Peter ; Röser, Martin Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships within the monocot order Poales have been well studied, but sev- eral unrelated questions remain. These include the relationships among the basal families in the order, family delimitations within the restiid clade, and the search for nuclear single-copy gene loci to test the relationships based on chloroplast loci. To this end two nuclear loci (PhyB, Topo6) were explored both at the ordinal level, and within the Bromeliaceae and the restiid clade. First, a plastid reference tree was inferred based on matK, using 140 taxa covering all APG IV families of Poales, and analyzed using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The trees inferred from matK closely approach the published phylogeny based on whole-plastome sequencing. Of the two nuclear loci, Topo6 supported a congruent, but much less resolved phylogeny. By contrast, PhyB indicated different phylo- genetic relationships, with, inter alia, Mayacaceae and Typhaceae sister to Poaceae, and Flagellariaceae in a basally branching position within the Poales. Within the restiid clade the differences between the three markers appear less serious. The Anarthria clade is first diverging in all analyses, followed by Restionoideae, Sporadanthoideae, Centrolepidoideae and Leptocarpoideae in the matK and Topo6 data, but in the PhyB data Centrolepidoideae diverges next, followed by a paraphyletic Restionoideae with a clade consisting of the monophyletic Sporadanthoideae and Leptocarpoideae nested within them. The Bromeliaceae phylogeny obtained from Topo6 is insufficiently sampled to make reliable statements, but indicates a good starting point for further investigations. -
MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, ADAPTIVE RADIATION, and GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION in the AMPHIATLANTIC FAMILY RAPATEACEAE: EVIDENCE from Ndhf SEQUENCES and MORPHOLOGY
Evolution, 54(6), 2000, pp. 1915±1937 MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, ADAPTIVE RADIATION, AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION IN THE AMPHIATLANTIC FAMILY RAPATEACEAE: EVIDENCE FROM ndhF SEQUENCES AND MORPHOLOGY T. J. GIVNISH,1,2 T. M. EVANS,3 M. L. ZJHRA,4 T. B. PATTERSON,1 P. E. BERRY,1 AND K. J. SYTSMA1 1Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423 4Department of Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 Abstract. Rapateaceae (16 genera, ;100 species) is largely restricted to the tepuis and sandplains of the Guayana Shield in northern South America, with Maschalocephalus endemic to West Africa. The family has undergone extensive radiation in ¯ower form, leaf shape, habit, and habitat. To analyze the evolution of these distributions and traits, we derived a molecular phylogeny for representatives of 14 genera, based on sequence variation in the chloroplast-encoded ndhF gene. The lowland subfamily Rapateoideae is paraphyletic and includes the largely montane subfamily Saxo- fridericioideae as a monophyletic subset. Overall, the morphological/anatomical data differ signi®cantly from ndhF sequences in phylogenetic structure, but show a high degree of concordance with the molecular tree in three of four tribes. Branch lengths are consistent with the operation of a molecular clock. Maschalocephalus diverges only slightly from other Monotremae: it is the product of relatively recent, long-distance dispersal, not continental driftÐonly its habitat atop rifted, nutrient-poor sandstones is vicariant. The family appears to have originated approximately 65 Mya in inundated lowlands of the Guayana Shield, followed by: (1) wide geographic spread of lowland taxa along riverine corridors; (2) colonization of Amazonian white-sand savannas in the western Shield; (3) invasion of tepui habitats with frequent speciation, evolution of narrow endemism, and origin of hummingbird pollination in the western Shield; and (4) reinvasion of lowland white-sand savannas.