Ammianus Marcellinus : the Allusive Historian Pdf, Epub, Ebook
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WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP of the GODS COULD SAVE the ROMAN EMPIRE from CHAOS a Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of
WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP OF THE GODS COULD SAVE THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CHAOS A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Department of Humanities and Religious Studies California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Humanities by Alejandra Meléndez-Silva SPRING 2020 WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP OF THE GODS COULD SAVE THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CHAOS A Thesis by Alejandra Meléndez-Silva Approved by: _________________________________, Committee Chair Dr. Jeffrey Brodd _________________________________, Second Reader Dr. Bradley Nystrom __________________ Date ii Student: Alejandra Meléndez-Silva I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and this thesis is suitable for electronic submission to the library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. ___________________________, Graduate Coordinator _____________________ Dr. Harvey Stark Date Department of Humanities and Religious Studies iii Abstract of WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP OF THE GODS COULD SAVE THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CHAOS by Alejandra Meléndez-Silva The Roman emperor Julian is famously remembered for being Rome’s last pagan emperor and he has been vilified for his dislike of Christianity. Sufficient analysis of Julian’s own perspective reveals a complex individual who does not conform with the simplified caricature of Julian “the Apostate” who was focused on assailing Christianity. His aversion to the Christians was mainly motivated by the fact that they refused to participate in the state cult. This thesis will explore the relationship between properly honoring the gods and state health, its origins, and why it was essential to sacrifice to the gods. -
CHAPTER 4 the CHURCH in the THIRD CENTURY Roman
The Early Church Christopher K. Lensch, S.T.M. Western Reformed Seminary (www.wrs.edu) CHAPTER 4 THE CHURCH IN THE THIRD CENTURY Roman emperors in the first half of the century Severi dynasty 1. Septimius Severus (193-211) [already discussed under second century] renewed persecution in AD 200: Leonidas (Origen’s father) beheaded Potamiaena (young girl) boiled in oil Petpetua and baby burned; her slave Felicitas killed also died on campaign in Britain 2. Caracalla (211-217) brutal and cruel; murdered family members, including brother Geta; favored the army; built baths; extended Roman citizenship to all, in order to tax all; dropped persecution in middle of reign; was assassinated by his army on a Parthian campaign 3. Macrinus (217-218) prefect of the guard; removed by Caracalla’s cousin and his family 4. Heliogabalus (218-222) cousin of Caracalla, controlled by his mother Soaemias and grandmother Maesa (Caracalla’s aunt); real name was Elagabalus; Latin authors name Heliogabalus 14-year old priest of Syrian sun god; brought Syrian “Baal” (conical black stone) to Rome; unbelievable sexual depravity; grandmother convinced him to adopt cousin Alexander; slain by Guard 5. Alexander Severus (222-235) 4.1 14 years old; well trained and prepared; ruled by mother; temperate and modest, opposite of Heliogabalus; private chapel icons: Jupiter, Orpheus, Apollonius, Abraham, Christ; *put golden rule in house and many public buildings; very efficient administrator, lowered taxes; weak against Germans, bribed them; assassinated in tent by army, under Maximinus Anarchy; army control 6. Maximinus (235-238) huge soldier (they say 8 feet tall); hated culture and education; never entered Rome; confiscated property of upper classes; murdered by soldiers he punished 7. -
Diocletian's New Empire
1 Diocletian's New Empire Eutropius, Brevarium, 9.18-27.2 (Eutr. 9.18-27.2) 18. After the death of Probus, CARUS was created emperor, a native of Narbo in Gaul, who immediately made his sons, Carinus and Numerianus, Caesars, and reigned, in conjunction with them, two years. News being brought, while he was engaged in a war with the Sarmatians, of an insurrection among the Persians, he set out for the east, and achieved some noble exploits against that people; he routed them in the field, and took Seleucia and Ctesiphon, their noblest cities, but, while he was encamped on the Tigris, he was killed by lightning. His son NUMERIANUS, too, whom he had taken with him to Persia, a young man of very great ability, while, from being affected with a disease in his eyes, he was carried in a litter, was cut off by a plot of which Aper, his father-in-law, was the promoter; and his death, though attempted craftily to be concealed until Aper could seize the throne, was made known by the odour of his dead body; for the soldiers, who attended him, being struck by the smell, and opening the curtains of his litter, discovered his death some days after it had taken place. 19. 1. In the meantime CARINUS, whom Carus, when he set out to the war with Parthia, had left, with the authority of Caesar, to command in Illyricum, Gaul, and Italy, disgraced himself by all manner of crimes; he put to death many innocent persons on false accusations, formed illicit connexions with the wives of noblemen, and wrought the ruin of several of his school-fellows, who happened to have offended him at school by some slight provocation. -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
Ammianus and Constantius: the Portrayal of a Tyrant in the Res Gestae
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2009 Ammianus and Constantius: The Portrayal of a Tyrant in the Res Gestae Sean Robert Williams University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Williams, Sean Robert, "Ammianus and Constantius: The Portrayal of a Tyrant in the Res Gestae. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2009. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/572 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Sean Robert Williams entitled "Ammianus and Constantius: The Portrayal of a Tyrant in the Res Gestae." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in History. Michael Kulikowski, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Maura Lafferty, Christine Shepardson Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Sean Robert Williams entitled “Ammianus and Constantius: The Portrayal of a Tyrant in the Res Gestae .” I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in History. -
The Saracen Defenders of Constantinople in 378 Woods, David Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1996; 37, 3; Proquest Pg
The Saracen defenders of Constantinople in 378 Woods, David Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1996; 37, 3; ProQuest pg. 259 The Saracen Defenders of Constantinople in 378 David Woods RITING ca 391, the historian Ammianus Marcellinus has left us a vivid description of the Roman defense of W Constantinople against the Goths shortly after their crushing defeat by these Goths at Adrianopolis on 9 August 378 (31. 16.4ff): Unde Constantinopolim, copiarum cumulis inhiantes amplis simis, formas quadratorum agmimum insidiarum metu ser vantes, ire ocius festinabant, multa in exitium urbis inclitae molituri. Quos inferentes sese immodice, obicesque portarum paene pulsantes, hoc casu caeleste reppulit numen. Saracen orum cuneus (super quorum origine moribusque diversis in locis rettulimus plura), ad furta magis expeditionalium re rum, quam ad concursatorias habilis pugnas, recens illuc accersitus, congressurus barbarorum globo repente con specto, a civitate fidenter e rup it, diuque extento certamine pertinaci, aequis partes discessere momentis. Sed orientalis turma novo neque ante viso superavit eventu. Ex ea enim crinitus quidam, nudus omnia praeter pubem, subraucum et lugubre strepens, educto pugione, agmini se medio Goth orum inseruit, et interfecti hostis iugulo labra admovit, effusumque cruorem exsuxit. Quo monstroso miraculo bar bari territi, postea non ferocientes ex more, cum agendum appeterent aliquid, sed ambiguis gressibus incedebant. 1 1 "From there [Perinthus] they [the Goths] hastened in rapid march to Con stantinople, greedy for its vast heaps of treasure, marching in square forma tions for fear of ambuscades, and intending to make mighty efforts to destroy the famous city. But while they were madly rushing on and almost knocking at the barriers of the gates, the celestial power checked them by the following event. -
Bibliotheca Sacra
778 Constantine eke (heat. She is returning already, and when she sball re-enter her cold marble palace-pile this time, guiltless, humble, hand in hand with sweet-faced faith, and convoyed by theaogeJa of God's revelation, she shall discover to her unutterable joy that the glistering structure, which in the days of her proud self-sufficiency was so empty and magnificently desolate, has been suddenly transformed into the real, eternal boUle of God - the house not made with hands, - the same old temple of David and the saintly fathers, infinitely enlarged and beautified. ARTICLE IV. CONSTANTINE THE GREAT, AND THE DOWNFALL OF PAGANISM IN THE ROMAN EMPlRE.1 BY IlL PHILIP IORAFI'. IT is agreed on all hands that Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, the founder of Constantinople and the ~yzantine empite, marks one of the most important epochs in the history of ChriMtianity and the world. He was the chief instrument, in the hands of Providenct>, by which the church was delivert>d from oppression and persecution, and ele vated to a position of honor and power in the proud empire of Rome j from him dates the· union of church and state; h~s reign sealed the doom of Graeco-Roman paganism, and secured the triumph of Christianity. But opinions are not yet quite harmonized as to hiM personal character and tbe motives which induced him to favor the Christian religion 1 Die Zeit Constantins dcs Grossen, Yon J. Jaoob BDrkhardt. BaseL 1853. Der Uebertritt Constantins des Grossen ZDm ChristentliDm. Akademisher Vortrag, gehalten am 12 Dec., 1861, im GrosBrath~ftftle in Zirich, Debst gel chichtlichem Nftchweis von Dr. -
Imperial Women and the Evolution of Succession Ideologies in the Third Century
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School July 2020 Embodying the Empire: Imperial Women and the Evolution of Succession Ideologies in the Third Century Christina Hotalen University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Scholar Commons Citation Hotalen, Christina, "Embodying the Empire: Imperial Women and the Evolution of Succession Ideologies in the Third Century" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8452 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Embodying the Empire: Imperial Women and the Evolution of Succession Ideologies in the Third Century by Christina Hotalen A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Julie Langford, Ph.D. William Murray, Ph.D. Sheramy Bundrick, Ph.D. Matthew King, Ph.D. Alex Imrie, Ph.D. Date of Approval: July 2, 2020 Keywords: Numismatics, Epigraphy, Material Culture, Digital Humanities Copyright © 2020, Christina Hotalen ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is quite an understatement to say that it takes a village to write a dissertation. This was written during a global pandemic, civic unrest, and personal upheavals. However, to quote a dear friend, “non bellum, sed completum est.” I could not have ventured into and finished such a monumental undertaking, and at such a time, without my very own village. -
The Consuls of 161 and the Origins and Traditions of the Latin Consular Fasti of the Roman Empire Aus: Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 132 (2000) 259–290
RICHARD W. BURGESS ‘NON DUO ANTONINI SED DUO AUGUSTI’ The Consuls of 161 and the Origins and Traditions of the Latin Consular Fasti of the Roman Empire aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 132 (2000) 259–290 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 259 ‘NON DUO ANTONINI SED DUO AUGUSTI’ The Consuls of 161 and the Origins and Traditions of the Latin Consular Fasti of the Roman Empire I. The Veracity of the Vita Helii The Historia Augusta’s life of L. Aelius Caesar, the Vita Helii, is unfortunately one of that work’s so- called secondary lives, one of those early biographies of usurpers and lesser augusti or caesars usually tossed onto the scrap heap because apart from whatever derives from one of the more trustworthy primary lives their narratives were almost entirely fabricated by their late-fourth century author.1 As far as the VHelii is concerned, no one has found much that is worthwhile in its seven chapters apart from 2.9; 3.1–3, 8, 9; 4.7–8; 5.1, 4–5; and 6.1–4, 9, which derive either from the Vita Hadriani (21.4, 23.2, 10–24.1) or its sources.2 Unfortunately even the process of transferral from one biography to another has caused invention to creep in, as seemingly sound material has been augmented and corrupted. For instance, Hadrian’s lament, In caducum parietem nos inclinauimus et perdidimus quater milies sestertium, quod populo et militibus pro adoptione Commodi dedimus (VHadr. 23.14) becomes Ter milies perdidimus, quod exercitui populoque dependimus; si quidem satis in caducum parietem incubuimus et qui non ipsam rem publicam, sed nos ipsos sustentare uix possit (VHelii 6.3). -
The Experiences and Education of the Emperor Julian and How It
COMPANION TO THE GODS, FRIEND TO THE EMPIRE: THE EXPERIENCES AND EDUCATION OF THE EMPEROR JULIAN AND HOW IT INFLUE NCED HIS REIGN Marshall Lilly Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2014 APPROVED: Christopher Fuhrmann, Major Professor Laura Stern, Committee Member Robert Citino, Committee Member Richard McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Lilly, Marshall. Companion to the Gods, Friend to the Empire: The Experiences and Education of the Emperor Julian and How It Influenced His Reign 361-363 A.D. Master of Arts (History), August 2014, 108 pp., bibliography, 114 titles. This thesis explores the life and reign of Julian the Apostate the man who ruled over the Roman Empire from A.D. 361-363. The study of Julian the Apostate’s reign has historically been eclipsed due to his clash with Christianity. After the murder of his family in 337 by his Christian cousin Constantius, Julian was sent into exile. These emotional experiences would impact his view of the Christian religion for the remainder of his life. Julian did have conflict with the Christians but his main goal in the end was the revival of ancient paganism and the restoration of the Empire back to her glory. The purpose of this study is to trace the education and experiences that Julian had undergone and the effects they it had on his reign. Julian was able to have both a Christian and pagan education that would have a lifelong influence on his reign. -
Honorius, Galla Placidia, and the Struggles for Control of the Western Roman Empire, 405-425 C.E
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2013 Crisis of Legitimacy: Honorius, Galla Placidia, and the Struggles for Control of the Western Roman Empire, 405-425 C.E. Thomas Christopher Lawrence [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Lawrence, Thomas Christopher, "Crisis of Legitimacy: Honorius, Galla Placidia, and the Struggles for Control of the Western Roman Empire, 405-425 C.E.. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2013. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1751 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Thomas Christopher Lawrence entitled "Crisis of Legitimacy: Honorius, Galla Placidia, and the Struggles for Control of the Western Roman Empire, 405-425 C.E.." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. Michael E. Kulikowski, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Christine Shepardson, Maura Lafferty, Thomas Burman Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Crisis of Legitimacy: Honorius, Galla Placidia, and the Struggles for Control of the Western Roman Empire, 405-425 C.E. -
Defining a Roman Identity in the Res Gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus: the Dialogue Between ‘Roman’ and ‘Foreign’
Defining a Roman Identity in the Res Gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus: the dialogue between ‘Roman’ and ‘foreign’ A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2018 Guy A. J. Williams School of Arts, Languages and Cultures Defining a Roman Identity Contents List of abbreviations ....................................................................................... 5 List of tables ................................................................................................... 7 Abstract .......................................................................................................... 8 Declaration ..................................................................................................... 9 Copyright statement ...................................................................................... 9 A note on Ammianus’ text ........................................................................... 10 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... 11 The author .................................................................................................... 12 Introduction ................................................................................................. 13 0.1 Ammianus Marcellinus and Roman identity .......................................... 13 0.2 The ‘foreign’/ ‘outsider’ perspective ................................................. 17 0.3 A new type of Roman ........................................................................