Strengthening Resilience of Climate Change-Affected Communities in South-Western Coastal Area of Bangladesh

Project Proposal Strengthening Resilience of Climate Change-Affected Communities in South-western Coastal Area of Bangladesh

Submitted for Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change in Bangladesh (CBA) Small Grants Project

Submitted by Practical Action Bangladesh Country Office House 12/B, Road 4 Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka 1205 Tel: +880 2 8650439, 9675236, 9675243; Fax: +880 29674340; E-mail: [email protected]

19 April 2011

PROPOSAL SUMMARY

Project Title Strengthening Resilience of Climate Change-Affected Communities in South-western Coastal Area of Bangladesh

Project Site Four villages (Chhotokupot, Boyarshing, Borokupot and Uttar Atulia) of Shyamnagar upazila of Satkhira district

Proponent Practical Action, Bangladesh Country Office

Practical Action has been working on climate change adaptation in Bangladesh as well as in the global arena over the last six years. In Bangladesh, a climate change adaptation project – one of the first few CBA projects in the country – started in 2005 in the north. Since then Practical Action Bangladesh has ‘climate-proofed’ all its DRR, livelihoods and food security projects for the poor and extreme poor by incorporating community-based climate resilience components. Climate change has also been considered as a cross-cutting issue in Practical Action’s current Global Strategy (2007-2012). The on-going ‘Climate Change Action Research Project in the South Western Coastal Region of Bangladesh’ project in Satkhira district has entered in its 2nd year and will compliment the proposed project activities. The problems, risks and some potential solutions illustrated in this proposal were identified since the mid-2009 through repeated community consultations and have been good bases for the proposed project.

Practical Action Bangladesh’s current key donors are DFID, European Union, Big Lottery Fund, Unicef, GTZ, DGIS, States of Jersey, Allachy Trust, World Bank and Waterloo Foundation including our individual supporters in UK. The total budget of PAB for the current financial year (April 2010-March 2011) is around 4.0 million Pound.

Authorized 1. Ms. Veena Khaleque, Country Director Representatives 2. Mr. S.M. Wahiduzzaman Babur, Head of Finance, Admin and HR 3. Dr. Haseeb Md. Irfanullah, Team Leader, Reducing Vulnerability and Natural Resource Management

Cooperating Not applicable Organizations Project Dates January 2011-December 2012

1 Total Project USD 110,481 (BDT 7,917,476) Cost (USD) (The total cost, included CBA funding and co-financing in cash from (local currency) Practical Action. Value of in kind contributions from community is not added here) Amount USD 48,990 (BDT 3,510,790) Requested from CBA (USD) (local currency) Co-financing USD 61,491 (BDT 4,406,686) (in cash) (USD) (local currency) Community contribution (in kind): USD 19,645 (BDT 13,82,000)

Project Goal Objective Resilience of coastal communities of Bangladesh under climate change regime strengthened through ecosystem and livelihoods protection.

Purpose Adaptive capacity of four villages (400 households directly) of Atulia union of Satkhira district improved by introducing appropriate knowledge and technologies to cope with increased salinity conditions by December 2012.

The main objective of the proposed project is to demonstrate relevant adaptive measures, approaches, and interventions that will build resilience of the salinity-affected vulnerable communities in terms of biodiversity and ecosystem management thereby reducing their climatic risks and securing their employment, food and income. Brief Project The project envisages attaining the following outcomes and outputs (long- Description term and short-term benefits).

Outcomes (long-term benefits): 1. Improved capacity and representation of local people and institutions to influence climate change adaptation and biodiversity protection plans. 2. Sustainable aquaculture practiced in salinity-affected fish and shrimp farms mitigating at least 30% loss. 3. Negative pressure on natural aquatic animals (at least 5 species) reduced to a measurable extent. 4. Local ecosystem and peoples’ resilience improved as a whole through plantation. 5. Project lessons captured and mainstreamed with NAPA 2005, BCCSAP 2009 and Biodiversity Programme of Action 2020 for up scaling.

Outputs (short-term benefits): 1. Understanding and awareness of the communities, 10 local NGOs, and local government institutions of Atulia union on the impacts of climate change, climate variability and biodiversity conservation enhanced.

2 2. Thirty skilled volunteers developed as ambassadors to climate change adaptation and biodiversity monitoring. 3. Adaptive model of biodiversity and environment sensitive shrimp farming demonstrated in salinity-affected increasing 40% household income. 4. Adaptation of selected aquatic animals and recent changes in fish- farming due to salinity intrusion in Atulia union recorded 5. Participatory aquatic biodiversity monitoring system practiced by community people, Union Parishad, local NGOs and at least 3 government line departments. 6. Off-farm activities practiced by 10% of 400 households (mostly women) to divert pressure from natural resources. 7. Two community nurseries of suitable plant species (wind-resistant and salinity) established with women-headed households. 8. Rehabilitation of mangrove plant species at 2,500 households and institution premises. 9. Project learning documented & widely disseminated in coastal regions.

1.0 RATIONALE

1.1 Community/Ecosystem Context

Project area The project will direct work with 400 vulnerable households (about 2,000 people) in four villages of Atulia union of Shyamnagar upazila of Satkhira district. The upazila, with 1968.24 sq km area and population of 2,65,0041, is one of the most vulnerable coastal upazilas of Bangladesh. It consists of 13 union parishads and 216 villages. The four villages where the project will be implemented are Chhotokupot, Boyarshing, Borokupot and Uttar Atulia with total population of 2440. Land ownership of a significant number of families varies from landlessness living on khas land to having own homestead but negligible amount of cultivable. In almost all cases, housing is very congested.

Livelihoods The project area is agriculture depended. Rice cultivation and aquaculture/trading are two main areas on which most of the local people are depended upon. Other professions include businessmen/traders, day-labourers, fishermen, van puller, poultry & livestock rearing, boatman, mason, nursery owners and service-holders/teacher. The recent FGDs highlighted the fact that although women are mostly appeared to be housewives, but in some areas they are also involved in agriculture, aquaculture (collection of shrimp juvenile/post larvae and crab collection, sorting and processing of fish), day labour, homestead gardening etc. (e.g. Hindu communities in Borokupot and Uttar Atulia villages). Earning women spend 50% of their income independently. Early marriage is negligible in the area. Findings also indicated that almost 73% of the people depended upon loan from various sources. More than 56% of the people of this area are food deficit for 2-6 months a year.

Target groups The project will primarily focus on people associated with shrimp farming, crab farming (resource poor and landless farmers), and fishermen and collectors of wild shrimp juvenile (post larvae) and crab larvae as the direct project participants. These are the people who are also directly affected by

1 Banglapedia 2006 (http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/S_0367.HTM)

3 climate variability, salinity intrusion and often by extreme events due to their profession and dependency on weather and natural resources. Female-headed households are another vulnerable group with limited resources. All these groups will be targeted under the present project.

Ecosystems and people Terrestrial ecosystem of the project area is dominated by cultivable land. Aquatic ecosystems are dominated by fish/shrimp ponds (gher). Natural aquatic ecosystems include distributaries of rivers and associated canals (khal) criss-crossing the whole area. In the past, the project area was under Sundarbans mangrove forest, but now the forest boundary is pushed further south. Nonetheless, mangrove species can bee seen the proposed project area along the canals as the area is under tidal zone. The recent increase in salinity has also changing the plant diversity/coverage in the area. All these ecosystems are highly prone to climate-induced hazards, especially salinity, flood, drought, water-logging, cyclone, tidal surge, and arsenic.

An on-going study of Practical Action in Satkhira identified the change in abundance of wild aquatic animal in open system and stocked species in farms including change in land use pattern in the area. Exploitation of wild shrimp juvenile and crab from rivers is potential alarming. Aquaculture farmers found to be confused with both stocked and non-stocked species combination of various aquatic animals at different levels of salinity. People believe these changes are happening because of tidal surge, cyclone and salinity intrusion. On a social context, short-term leasing of ghers does not allow the lease-holders to consider biodiversity issues. Similarly, intervention, like plantation, around the ghers by the neighbours is also not encouraged.

1.2 Current (Baseline) Climate and Risks

Climate of project area The climatic data available from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) for Satkhira district showed declining trend over 1986 and 2005 (31.9 °C in 1986-1990; 31.16 ° C in 1981-1985)2. The long-term trend (1976-2005) in average maximum temperature on average reduced by 0.009°C/year. Similar decline (0.0001°C/year) can be seen in average annual minimum temperature of this region. But such decline in average temperature may not reflect the high temperature spells in different years. On the other hand, the annual rainfall increased by 9.5 mm. The pattern of total rainfall of different years of 1997-2005 was very irregular. Unpredictability in weather events is an increasing trend.

Current climate risks and impacts As identified by the local community in recent FGDs, November to February is drought period in the proposed area. According to the people, rainy season is now basically spread over September and October. Cyclones, sometime accompanied by tidal surges, now occur in May to July (although as general weather pattern it was frequent in April-May and October-November). In the recent years, the northern Bay of Bengal remains rough almost all year round due to small and medium depressions. In May 2009, the last cyclone called Aila hit Satkhira. As a result, the entire soil and water ecosystems in the area became vulnerable and the lives and livelihoods of the poor affected immensely. The salinity in the soil ranges 10-15 ppt. The weather is becoming more and more unpredictable.

Reports showed that saline water has penetrated about 100 km from the sea to inland through the coastal rivers. The total saline-affected area has increased from 125,000 ha (2000) to 131,000 ha (2009) in Satkhira. As a result of Aila, the target people of the proposed area were the victims of the devastation of the cyclone and of increased salinity, particularly those who were food insecure for 3-4

2 Climate Change Cell. 2008. Climate Change Adaptation Research. Climate Change and Health Impacts in Bangladesh.

4 months with poor consumption of vegetables, fruits, and having low income (2,500-3,000 Tk/household/month; on average <30 taka per capita income/day)3.

Vulnerabilities and immediate responses From the FGDs, the major vulnerabilities identified for the area were natural calamities/extreme events (cyclone and tidal surge), saline water intrusion in surface and ground water, serious scarcity of safe drinking water, problems in production systems (crops, livestock, and fresh water fish culture), water logging, problems with embankments. The combined impact of very low cropping intensity, soil-water degradation, unusual disaster and climate change factors made the food security, income and employment situation of the poor very complex in Shatkhira district- one of the most vulnerable coastal districts with huge population living in extreme poverty. People are suffering from lack of job opportunity, malnutrition, skin diseases, increased poverty, and out-migration. These vulnerabilities also matches with previous studies in this area4.

The major coping measures to these vulnerabilities are (examples from recent FGDs): 1) Water crisis and salinity: construction of PSF, desalinate land, drill deep tube well, rainwater harvest, desalinization of river water, excavation of canals, and lift water using sluice gate, etc.; 2) Water logging and tidal surge: repairing and increasing height of embankment and roads, stronger houses; 3) Crop production: cultivation of suitable rice variety; and 4) Aquaculture: mixed fish culture suitable for salt water, freshwater shrimp culture in fresh water extracting through deep tube wells, etc.

After the cyclone Aila (May 2009), along with the Government a number of national and international NGOs started working in this area. Some local social networks or community based groups/organizations were also promoted by these organizations to deliver support to the community as a part of emergency response and rehabilitation: food support, infrastructure (housing, road reconstruction, irrigation, drinking water, sanitation), financial (loan support, mandatory saving schemes), livelihoods (poultry/livestock, fisheries, vegetable), plantation, and energy (solar) (findings of recent FGDs). But no long-term strategies or organized measures are known to be employed by the local people to deal with climate-related risks at the moment.

1.3 Future Climate Risks

Bangladesh NAPA5 document highlighted that some coastal area of the country was already facing problems of increased salinity. Occurrence of extreme events (cyclones, tidal surges) is also predicted to be more frequent in the coming years. Such events along with gradual sea level rise and reduced flow from the upstream would lead to increase salinity in the area. This is particularly true for Satkhira given its low topography6. Variability in rainfall and temperature will be more and more evident as well so is shifting of seasons.

As learnt from the recent FGDs, local experience also supports the climatic predictions in terms of unpredictability of rainfall, shifting in seasons, change in aquatic fisheries resources, farming practice, etc.

1.4 Impacts Context

3 Report on ‘Climate Change Action Research Project in the South Western Coastal Region of Bangladesh’ project of Practical Action, Bangladesh, Dhaka. (unpublished) 4 Ahmed, A.U. 2008. Assessment of Vulnerability to Climate Change and Adaptation Options for the Coastal People of Bangladesh. Practical Action Bangladesh, Dhaka 5 MoEF. 2005. National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. (40 p) 6 MoEF. 2009. Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP). Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. (Map 4)

A number of changes are predicted due to climatic change as suggested by different scientific studies and national documents7. In the proposed project area, salinity intrusion and its impact on aquatic resources and mangrove species are highlighted. These changes and possible impacts on local people are registered in the table below.

Changes Impacts/Responses • Loss of freshwater species from • Low freshwater fish catch, low supply to the local/regional natural ecosystems. markets; high price. • Increased income may not possible for fishermen due to middlemen. • Shift in aquatic biodiversity from • New/better market of saltwater fish. freshwater to saltwater species. • Increased income for fishermen if market linkage is appropriate. • Decrease in freshwater aquaculture • Negative impacts on people’s earning who are directly production due to salinity intrusion. involved. • Change in professions, out-migration. • Increased opportunity to adopt salt • Demand for labourers trained on new production system. water aquaculture (combination of • New/increased pressures on natural fisheries as a source of shrimp and fish). aquaculture (shrimp juvenile). • Changes in input supply chain. • Opportunities for new markets. • Higher fisheries production due to • Increased income is possible if suitable saltwater farming higher water levels and higher is adopted. temperature regimes. • Decrease in freshwater vegetation. • Reduced availability of plant products (food, fuel, timber, etc.). • Increased opportunity to introduce mangrove species to improve/maintain/ encourage vegetation coverage.

It has been widely predicted that the extreme natural events will be more frequent in the project area in the near future. As a result the mentioned changes in ecosystems and related impacts will also aggravate. If impacts intensify, adoption to suitable aquatic farming system is vital. Similarly, due to increased salinity, changes in tree coverage will also be evident in the project area; therefore, plantation with mangrove and salt-tolerant species are needed to meet local demands for timber and fuel. Such species will also improve the overall environment by reducing soil erosion and improving silt deposition.

The people of the project are very strong minded, surviving natural calamities for centuries. But their capacity has proved to be insufficient, if extreme events occur frequently. Long-term strategy is thus needed to cope with climate change. But at the moment, no sufficient interventions have been undertaken in the proposed area for long-term benefits. Some efforts have been made to overcome the damages of Aila, which has proved not to be sufficient. Till now focus is directly on human and his livelihoods without considering its relationship with the ecosystems.

Therefore, thorough understanding is needed to monitor the impacts of climate variability and change on natural resources, especially aquatic biodiversity as people’s nutrition and livelihoods depend upon these. In addition to that, innovative aquaculture production system needs to be introduced to cope with the changes due to salinity intrusion. Bangladesh NAPA8 suggested ‘Promoting adaptation to coastal fisheries through culture of salt tolerant fish special in coastal areas of Bangladesh’ as one of

7 MoEF. 2005. NAPA 8 MoEF. 2005. NAPA.

6 the 15 priority initiatives to adapt to climate change (Project No. 14). Zoning for environment-friendly saltwater aquaculture has also been highlighted in Bangladesh NAPA.

1.5 Project Approach

Global Environmental Benefits (GEB) The baseline threats to GEB are on biodiversity – aquatic animals and plants – due to increase in salinity. Due to climate change, the sea level is rising, upstream flow is decreasing due to unexpectedly low rainfall, and frequency of calamities like cyclone and tidal surge is increasing. All these are collectively causing increased salinity in the project area, thus affecting local aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity.

Under the changing trend in aquaculture, there is a risk of introducing alien-farmed fish species to tackle loss from salinity and meeting ever increasing demand for animal protein. The fisheries sector has seen the negative impact of introducing certain exotic species without proper risk assessment. Under changing climatic such maladaptation could pose additional threat. The proposed project will introduce and promoted knowledge and technologies is such a way so that positive adaptation is promoted for the benefits of biodiversity and ecosystems by considering people’s livelihoods, food demand, income and climate related risks.

Ecosystem resilience The project is expected to keep the ecosystems of target areas more resilient in three main ways: 1. Reduced pressure on natural aquatic animals by providing alternative options (adaptive biodiversity-sensitive aquaculture model, campaigns, and off-farm options) and awareness building. 2. Increased vegetation cover with suitable species despite salinity intrusion. 3. Reduced extraction of ground water for forced-freshwater-fish-farming as adaptive aquaculture model is available.

Communities’ benefits The community will be benefited from the initiative in a number of ways. 1. Improve their understanding on climate change, biodiversity and impacts on livelihoods under the changing climatic regime. It will consequently help them to influence local climate change adaptation and biodiversity protection plans. 2. Equip them with an adaptive aquaculture model under increased salinity. This will mitigate the loss due to salinity and increase household income. 3. Reduce their risk in aquaculture as the new adaptive model will have combination of several salt-tolerant species. This will minimize unforeseen climate-related risks, like new disease in fish/shrimp. 4. Promote off-farm activities as alternative livelihoods options with special consideration of women’s needs. 5. Enhance a group of community extensionists (volunteers) to support the community in agriculture sub-sectors and food security under climate change. 6. Reduce pressure on their natural resource bases. 7. Improved vegetation coverage, especially at household level, despite salinity intrusion, thus leading to healthy and secure environment. 8. Improve their linkages with government line departments.

Capacity building and awareness

7 Change in climate & climatic variability, how these influence biodiversity and how to adapt to these changes – are less understood at the community level9. Lack of awareness and limited understanding can also be seen among the local government, NGOs (including local microfinancing institutions) and government service providers on these issues as well. Capacity building and awareness programmes specifically designed to improve the knowledge and understanding of the target groups will be conducted to overcome these limitations.

Contributions to national action plans and strategies The proposed project activities will directly contribute to the Project No. 14 outlined in Bangladesh NAPA10. BCCSAP11 document has clearly identified six Themes and 44 Programmes to build the capacity and resilience of Bangladesh to meet the climate change challenges over 2009-2018. The proposed CBA project will directly contribute to Theme 1 (Food security, social protection and health, Programme 1.2 – Develop climate change cropping systems…., fisheries and livestock systems to ensure local and national food security) and Theme 4 (Research and knowledge management, Programme 4.3 – monitor and research the impacts of climate change on ecosystems and biodiversity). Moreover, the proposed initiative contributes to a couple of projects outlined in Government of Bangladesh’s Biodiversity Programme of Action 2020 (Focal Area 6: Biodiversity Conservation in the face of Climate Change; Projects 4 & 6)12.

Communications for scaling up A target-oriented communications plan will be developed and implemented over the project period. Lessons, for example, on the effectiveness on capacity building programmes for community and other target groups on biodiversity conservation in light of climate change, usefulness of community extensionists/volunteers in participatory biodiversity monitoring and climate change adaptation, appropriateness of adaptive aquaculture model, and changing role of women under changing climate could be captured, analysed and widely shared with greater audience for future scaling up. These lessons and best practices will be disseminated through Practical Action and other networks on climate change, environment and DRR, in the form of web-stories, booklets, briefs, and through workshops and campaigns. Cross-visits will be facilitated for interested organizations and groups.

The ‘Union Council Based Knowledge Resource Centre’ promoted by Practical Action in the project area (Atulia union) would also be used to disseminate climate change adaptation knowledge and experience in the union and adjacent areas. This centre can also be used for institutional capacity development of other Union Parishads and local NGOs to face the challenges of climate change and biodiversity issues for greater practice.

The lessons from this project along with others will contribute to the CBA programme of UNDP; through this national policy and practice will be influenced in an effective manner.

2.0 COMMUNITY OWNERSHIP

2.1 Project Formulation

Practical Action has been implementing two projects on pro-poor knowledge information service and climate change adaptation in Atulia union under Shatkhira district since 2008. Recently (July 2010), it has conducted a household survey (100 households) on impact of climate change on food security in

9 IUCN, UNEP, UNU. 2009. Biodiversity conservation and response to climate variability at community level. IUCN, UNEP, UNU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 10 MoEF. 2005. NAPA. 11 MoEF. 2009. BCCSAP. 12 MoEF. 2010. Biodiversity National Assessment and Programme of Action 2020 (BNAPA). Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. (74 p.)

8 three unions in the same area. Practical Action has also been receiving farmer enquires (around 1800 per year) on various farming problems for the last two years.

Under an action research in the proposed project area, Practical Action conducted a Participatory Community Appraisal including vulnerability and risk assessment with around 100 households and directly demonstrated some adaptation solutions such as Union Council Based Village Information Centre, soil desalinization plant nursery, shrimp (gher) farming, crab fattening, and drinking water security issues. During the community level consultation with farmers, traders, shrimp farmers, fishers and women groups, participants demanded suitable livelihoods options with adequate income but do not damage environment and protect biodiversity. They have asked for improved knowledge to face the adverse impact of salinity in the area. Particularly in shrimp farms, they need new knowledge to cope with the shift of aquatic biodiversity due to increased salinity (from freshwater species to more marine/brackish water species, same with plants), and need to know the adaptive practice of using salt-tolerant fish and shrimp in their improved traditional shrimp farms.

The context of exploitation of wild shrimp juvenile often with destructive practices is a well-known issue associated with biodiversity, ecosystem and livelihoods concerns. In a similar way, increased harvest of crab from rivers for crab fattening could be a threat to the wild crab population. Proposed project intended to address these issues securing the livelihoods of the salinity and tidal surge-affected people.

It was clear that affected community people, local Union Parishad (Union Council), and local service providers need more capacity to respond to the adverse impacts of climate change. They need to know management of some salt-tolerant fish in their shrimp farms same in their homesteads and crop lands. They should reduce or stop potential unsustainable exploitation of crab and wild shrimp juveniles having alternative income generating options in the area. People need to monitor unsustainable harvesting of crabs and wild shrimp juvenile from the rivers to keep the aquatic ecosystem healthy and protect biodiversity for their long-term interest. While consulting various stakeholders it was clear that farm and natural resource-dependent households were the more vulnerable group compared with others. Many of the shrimp juvenile and wild crab collectors are women, need alternative suitable income generating options to reduce such practices. The main concept of the proposed project builds on these direct experiences.

2.2 Project Implementation

Having clear understanding on the climate change adaptation context of the project targeted four villages in Atulia union, a comprehensive village level plan will be finalised with the selected community people and will be endorsed by the relevant stakeholders supporting the implementation of the plan. An upazila level Project Inception Workshop will be organised followed by the village level planning workshops with specific interest groups within two months of the project start up.

Interest groups such as shrimp gher (special type of pond) farmers, crab and shrimp juvenile collectors, off-farm groups, community extensionists/volunteers, shrimp and product specific other value chain actors will be organised for motivational, planning and formal/informal training and bi- monthly action-reflection monitoring throughout the project period.

Interest groups will be institutionally linked with the Union Council Base Knowledge Resource Centre Governing Body. They will be also organised under a semi-active or already existing community-based organisation (CBO) or under professional groups existing in the project area.

Around 30 community extension workers / extensionists / volunteers (25 men and 5 women) having advance training in climate change adaptation, knowledge information management will directly support the 400 target households including many other indirect households beyond four villages who need the service. From our experience, from a Union Council Based Knowledge Resource Centre

9 equipped with 25-30 extensionists we can reach around 2,500 households per year with improve knowledge and information on climate change adaptation and other services.

The project will develop five women community extension workers/volunteers to strengthen the existing team of 25 community extensionists (volunteers) addressing gender issues. The project will also facilitate suitable non-farm income generating options for the women involved in shrimp juvenile and crab harvesting; plant nursery establishment, shrimp processing will be encouraged. Women’s representation in the professional groups, CBO and in the Knowledge Resource Centre Management Committee will be considered.

The project will be operated from a local field office having one Field Co-ordinator, two Group Facilitators in the field and one part-time Manager based in Dhaka. Time cost of an accountant & administrative staff will be shared with other projects. An assignment-based monitoring person will support during baseline analysis and mid-term and project closing final assessment. Although three project staff will be based in the local project office, main driver of all functions will be from the Union Council Based Knowledge Resource Centre, with CBO Committee and community extensionists (volunteers) so that the key functions continue beyond the project period.

2.3 Phase-Out Mechanism, Sustainability

From the beginning of the project, the interest groups will be linked with community extensionists to get necessary services and will not be dependent upon the project staff. This is a proven project exit strategy based on building community capacity. It is, therefore, envisaged that at the end of the project, the project participants will be able to continue simple, improved copping practices which require minimum investment and technical support can be provided by the local government departments and skilled community extensionists (volunteers).

The main investment of the project is on community capacity building which will have long term impacts. Low cost investment on demonstrating best practice of adaptive shrimp farming and biodiversity monitoring is expected to continue. There will be sharing of investment from the target households. Socially, there will be no negative impact. The project will address the interest of the most vulnerable and socially excluded group (e.g. crab collector women, shrimp juvenile collectors and shrimp farm labourers).

Union Parishad and local NGO’s capacity on salinity and other adaptation issues will be developed to respond to climate hazards planning and supporting people. Government line departments, self- employed community extensionists (they are private service providers) or volunteers will be involved in service provision to the beneficiaries on a cost recovery basis.

Although environmental issues often rose in expansion of shrimp farming, with the changing climatic context coastal aquaculture would be a more viable strategy to adapt with climate change (against increased temperature, increased water level, increased salinity). The practices adopted will be biodiversity-environment-sensitive.

The project will take the opportunity of having an established Union Council Knowledge Resource Centre in the project location established by an on-going Practical Action project. This centre has enough resources and can run without any external project support. Therefore, project direct and indirect beneficiaries will continue to get knowledge service from the Centre beyond the project period. The community extensionists/volunteers will be a part of this Centre; and will continue to get access to updated knowledge and information on climate change and other livelihoods issues. Moreover, Union Council Resource Centres will be linked with the national Access to Information Program being implemented by UNDP and the Government of Bangladesh. A follow-up phase, however, for impact monitoring of the initiative would be useful to understand the future challenges, constraints and gaps after project is withdrawn.

11 Contribution of the volunteers to the CBA Project

Project Activities Description of the voluntary contribution Total ) ) Number of Monetary value (abridged) number of volunteer of the voluntary Men Local Local (capacities, knowledge, know-how, volunteers Youth days contribution Women (to which persons plan to manual labor, materials, tools, etc.) to be National anticipated including labor disabilities er than 25 than er People with contribute on a voluntary mobilized g and materials International older than 60 than older (

basis) persons Elderly (enter as co- oun y

( financing in the budget) Activity 1.2.2. 30 community Community Extension Workers 30 5 25 - 30 - 30 - - 2,100 (@ Tk 3,15,000 (@ extension workers (Volunteers): 70 days) Tk 150) (volunteers) trained. - Participating and conducting training Activity 1.1.5. Village level programme lessons sharing with different interest groups on a bi- - Lesson sharing meetings monthly basis. - Support in biodiversity and climate Activity 3.2.2. Training on & change monitoring inputs to practice catch monitoring. Activity 1.1.5. Village level Shrimp farmers, crab and shrimp 80 40 40 - - - 80 - - 720 (@ 9 Tk 1,08,000 (@ lessons sharing with different juvenile collectors, off-farm group, and meetings) Tk 150) interest groups on a bi- shrimp and product specific other value monthly basis chain actors take part in meetings (4 groups X 20 people X 9 meetings) Activity 1.1.1. Local Community people, local government, 3000 10 20 - - - 30 - - 3000 (@ 1 Tk 4,50,000 (@ Inception Workshop. NGOs, etc. participating in different 00 00 00 day) Tk 150) Activity 1.1.2. Training project events (workshops, meetings, sessions at the union level. campaigns, cross-visit, etc.). Activity 1.1.3. VRA implementation workshops in four villages. Activity 1.1.6. Cross visit. Activity 3.2.1. Campaign against destructive harvesting and farming practices. Activity 4.2.1. Distribution of mangrove & suitable trees saplings. Activity 2.1.2. Input support Farmers adopting new aquaculture 80 - 80 - - - 80 - - Tk 4,80,000 (@ to 80 farmers for adaptive technology will contribute @ Tk 6,000 Tk 6,000) farming. from their own sources. Activity 3.3.3. Dialogue with Service providers, market actors, etc. 25 - 25 - - - 25 - - 25 (@ Tk 5,000 (@ Tk service providers, market attending discussions. 1day) 200) 12 Contribution of the volunteers to the CBA Project

basis) persons Elderly (enter as co- oun y

( financing in the budget) channels. Activity 4.2.2. Campaign & Project personnel, institutions, etc. 10 - 10 10 - - 20 (@ 2 Tk 4,000 (@ Tk linkages on plantation with attending discussions and giving follow day) 200) other projects & institutions. up support. Activity 5.1.3. Knowledge ‘Union Council based Knowledge 2 2 - 2 - 2 - - 100 Tk 20,000 (@ products developed. Resource Centre’ in Atulia equipped Tk 200) with: photocopier, scanner, computer, printer, digital camera, internet, and refrigerator (Total value of assets is around 15 lac taka) for general use. One entrepreneur & one assistant. They can contribute as volunteers in different project activities. TOTAL Tk 13,82,000 For reference: What are the mechanisms for volunteerism that already exist in the community before the CBA project (for example, traditional mechanisms for mutual assistance, associations, etc.)? 25 volunteers (community extension workers/extensionists) are already engaged in the community in the agriculture sub-sectors before the CBA project. Eight-member Governing Body of the ‘Union Council based Knowledge Resource Centre’ in Atulia before the CBA project. They meet on a quarterly basis. For reference: Number of volunteers in the community already engaged in climate change adaptation activities before the CBA project. No volunteers are involved in climate change adaptation activities before the CBA project. For reference: What are the opportunities or obstacles that could facilitate or impede people from engaging in voluntary activities? Opportunities: Demand for extension services. Access to information. Scope to deliver advice, input and service. Obstacles: It is often difficult for poor/extreme poor people to engage in voluntary activities.

3.0 PROPONENT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Organization’s background and capacity

Practical Action aims to eradicate poverty in developing countries through the development and use of technology, by demonstrating results, sharing knowledge and influencing others. It has been working in Bangladesh as an International NGO since 1990 being registered with the NGO Affairs Bureau. Practical Action works under three major thematic areas: 1) Reducing Vulnerability and Natural Resource Management: helps reduce the vulnerability of poor people affected by natural disasters, conflicts and environmental degradation, also addresses climate change issues; 2) Markets and livelihoods: helps poor people to make a better living – by enabling producers to improve their production, processing and marketing; focuses on agro-product based market system development for the poor involving all stakeholders; and 3) Infrastructure and services: helps poor communities gain access to basic services – water, sanitation, waste management, housing and electricity.

Recent climate change and disaster risk reduction-related publications: Ahmed, A.U. 2008. Assessment of Vulnerability to Climate Change and Adaptation Options for the Coastal People of Bangladesh. Practical Action Bangladesh, Dhaka, pp. 1-40. Practical Action Bangladesh. 2009. Good practices for Community Resilience. Practical Action Bangladesh, Dhaka, pp. 1-46. Rahman, K.M.M., J. Ensor and R. Berger. 2009. River erosion and flooding in northern Bangladesh. In: J. Ensor and R. Berger. Understanding Climate Change Adaptation: Lessons from community-based approaches. Practical Action Publishing, UK, pp. 39-54. Practical Action Bangladesh, 2010. Elements in disaster resilience: Lessons from Bangladesh. Practical Action Bangladesh, Dhaka.

The on-going ‘Climate Change Action Research Project in the South Western Coastal Region of Bangladesh’ project in Satkhira district has entered in its 2nd year and will compliment the proposed project activities. The problems, risks and some potential solutions illustrated in this proposal were identified since the mid-2009 through repeated community consultations under this action research. These as well as recent studies have been useful bases for the proposed concept. Through the Practical Answer Project, Practical Action also supports people of Atulia with agro-based information from its hub – Gayner Haat (Union Based Knowledge Resource Centre), and rural service providers (community extensionists/volunteers) – a concept being practiced by the organization for more than 10 years.

Practical Action Bangladesh has been successfully implementing projects funded by EU and DFID and other UK based trusts (restricted funds). The sources of fund include charity from supporters (unrestricted funds). The total budget of PAB in the last financial year (April 09-March 10) was around 2.0 million Pound and the budget for current year (April 10- March 11) is around 4 million Pound. Practical Action Bangladesh’s key donors are DFID, European Union, Big Lottery Fund, Unicef, GTZ, DGIS, States of Jersey, Allachy Trust, World Bank and Waterloo Foundation including our individual supporters in UK.

4.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4.1 Objective, Outcomes, Planned Outputs, Activities:

Project Objective: Goal Resilience of coastal communities of Bangladesh under climate change regime strengthened through ecosystem and livelihoods protection.

Outcome 1.0: Improved capacity and representation of local people and institutions to influence climate change adaptation and biodiversity protection plans. Output 1.1: Understanding and awareness of the communities, 10 local NGOs, and local government institutions of Atulia union on the impacts of climate change, climate variability and biodiversity conservation enhanced. Activity 1.1.1: Local Inception Workshop Activity 1.1.2: Training sessions on climate change, climatic variability, biodiversity conservation, participatory monitoring at the union level for local government representatives, NGOs and other stakeholders Activity 1.1.3: VRA implementation workshops in four villages Activity 1.1.4: Baseline survey/ Household profile Activity 1.1.5: Village level lessons sharing with different interest groups (e.g. shrimp farmers, crab and shrimp juvenile collectors, off-farm group, community extensionists, and shrimp and product specific other value chain actors) on a bi- monthly basis Activity 1.1.6: Cross visit for project stakeholders and beneficiaries to other CBA sites in the coast Output 1.2: Thirty skilled volunteers developed as ambassadors to climate change adaptation and biodiversity monitoring. Activity 1.2.1: Five new women community extension workers (volunteers) developed Activity 1.2.2: Thirty community extension workers (volunteers) working for Practical Action (including 5 new) trained on climate change adaptation, biodiversity monitoring & other issues Activity 1.2.3: Innovation in climate change adaptation awarded at local level on two occasions Outcome 2.0: Sustainable aquaculture practiced in salinity-affected fish and shrimp farms mitigating at least 30% loss. Output 2.1: Adaptive model of biodiversity and environment sensitive shrimp farming demonstrated in salinity-affected increasing 40% household income. Activity 2.1.1: Training sessions on the model for 80 farmers Activity 2.1.2: Input support to 80 farmers for adaptive farming Outcome 3.0: Negative pressure on natural aquatic animals (at least 5 species) reduced to a measurable extent. Output 3.1: Adaptation of selected aquatic animals and recent changes in fish-farming due to salinity intrusion in Atulia union recorded. Activity 3.1.1: Changes in fish farming and/or natural aquatic animals over last 5 years followed; reasons, challenges and opportunities (including off farm) explored Output 3.2: Participatory aquatic biodiversity monitoring system practiced by community

15 people, Union Parishad, local NGOs and at least 3 government line departments. Activity 3.2.1: Campaign against destructive harvesting and farming practices Activity 3.2.2: Training on & inputs to practice catch monitoring Output 3.3: Off-farm activities practiced by 10% of 400 households (mostly women) to divert pressure from natural resources. Activity 3.3.1: Training provided to 40 families on off-farm activities Activity 3.3.2: Inputs provided to 40 families Activity 3.3.3: Dialogue with service providers, market channels for linkage & sustainability Outcome 4.0: Local ecosystem and peoples’ resilience improved as a whole through plantation. Output 4.1: Two community nurseries of suitable plant species (wind-resistant and salinity) established with women-headed households. Activity 4.1.1: Supporting two suitable nurseries with training and/or input support Output 4.2: Rehabilitation of mangrove plant species at 2,500 households and institution premises. Activity 4.2.1: Distribution of mangrove & suitable trees saplings to communities, schools, NGOs, local government, etc. for plantation Activity 4.2.2: Campaign & linkages on plantation with other projects & institutions Outcome 5: Project lessons captured and mainstreamed with NAPA 2005, BCCSAP 2009 and Biodiversity Programme of Action 2020 for up scaling. Output 5.1: Project learning documented & widely disseminated in coastal regions. Activity 5.1.1: Assessment & evaluation Activity 5.1.2: National/regional conference & media to grassroots Activity 5.1.3: Knowledge products developed (digital knowledge content on climate change solutions, brochures, best practice book, etc )

4.2 Timetable

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D Outcome 1.0 Output 1.1 Activity 1.1.1 Activity 1.1.2 Activity 1.1.3 Activity 1.1.4 Activity 1.1.5 Activity 1.1.6 Activity 1.1.7 Output 1.2 Activity 1.2.1 Activity 1.2.2 Activity 1.2.3 Outcome 2.0 Output 2.1 Activity 2.1.1 Activity 2.1.2 Outcome 3.0 Output 3.1 Activity 3.1.1 Output 3.2 Activity 3.2.1 Activity 3.2.2 Output 3.3 Activity 3.3.1 Activity 3.3.2 Activity 3.3.3 Outcome 4.0

16 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D Output 4.1 Activity 4.1.1 Output 4.2 Activity 4.2.1 Activity 4.2.2 Outcome 5.0 Output 5.1 Activity 5.1.1 Activity 5.1.2 Activity 5.1.3

4.3 Risks and Barriers

Potential barriers to project implementation Measures to overcome these barriers Internal barrier 1. Limited capacity of the community to 1. Undertake awareness programmes for the tackle climate-induced changes and loss communities, local government, NGOs, of biodiversity. micro-financial institutions and micro- 2. Inadequate capacity and understanding of financial institutions. local government bodies on climate 2. Development of volunteerism in project change adaptation especially through intervention. biodiversity conservation. 3. Working with local government 3. Lack of understanding of local micro- institutions from planning through financial institutions on climate change implementation. adaptation to support communities’ 4. Inclusion of project volunteers in disaster adaptive efforts. and environment committees in Union Parishad. External barrier 1. Separating man-made effects from 1. Be attentive to climate change risks and climate-induced effects. baseline pressures in the planning phase.

Potential risks to project implementation Measures to overcome these risks Internal risk 1. Frequent staff turnover. 1. Staff motivation. 2. Local stakeholders’ capacity and 2. Quality facilitation from the project to commitment weak. overcome capacity and commitment 3. Beneficieries’ participation and constraints of the stakeholders and commitment. beneficiaries. 4. Limited resource for quality planning, 3. Strong motivation, visible actions. management and monitoring. 4. Maximum use of internal M&E system. External risk 1. Local government election. 1. Build rapport with the new local 2. Natural calamities hit the project area. government members. 3. Price hike of materials to be purchased. 2. Modify project interventions/targets in the 4. National policy/action plan/strategy line with changed situation due to natural changes calamities. 3. Modify project targets to accommodate increased price. 4. Government’s commitment towards climate change continues.

17 4.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Plan

4.4.1 Initial Vulnerability Reduction Assessment (VRA) Analysis

Vulnerability Reduction Assessment Reporting Form Indicator Question/Questions Used Score Reasons for Reasons for How could the Negative Positive score be improved? Responses Responses 1. Vulnerability of Do you identify any 2 Visible climatic Enhance income livelihood/welfare to economic problem due to change have opportunity, safe existing climate climatic change, like been observed shelter, sufficient change and/or climate increased salinity, by the safe drinking water variability. drought, change in community supply temperature and rainfall pattern?

2. Vulnerability of Do you identify any future 4 It is beyond their As above and future livelihood/welfare to threat regarding economic assumption educated generation developing climate condition/welfare due to change risks. present negative climatic condition? 3. Magnitude of What kinds of support 4 Muscle man Strengthen the barriers (institutional, from local institutions, influence on linkage with local policy, technological, Government etc. would be aquaculture and Government & financial, etc) barriers helpful to mitigate the common other support to adaptation. threat of climate change? resources services and togetherness to raise joint voice 4. Assets available to What are your strengths to 6 Indigenous Development of community for cope with vulnerable coping skilled human adaptation situation? knowledge, resource, promotion (volunteers, skills, some sorts of modern commitment, of unity & technology and indigenous sharing market linkage knowledge, mentality community within the leadership, etc.) community 5. Ability and Do you want to fight with 8 To get Model willingness of the the problem? smooth, demonstration community to breathing continue to manage environment climate change risks VRA Score (average) 4.8

4.4.2 Project M&E Plan

VRA:

Approximate timing of Who ran/ will run the Who will be responsible VRA sessions VRA meeting for collecting VRA data First January 2011 Implementing Agency (IA) IA with help from community Second/ January 2012 Community with help from IA midterm IA Final November 2012 Community Community with help from IA

18 IAS:

IAS Indicator to be How it will be measured When it will be Target value measured measured to be achieved by project end GEB Focal Area: Biodiversity Number of globally • Select 2 aquatic animal species to • Baseline: April Increase by the significant species monitor population change. 2011 end of project. protected by project • Participatory monitoring system will • Follow-up: bi- be followed to follow the change. monthly Removal/ • Photographs will be collected for • Final: October reduction of scientific validation at the beginning 2012 causal factors/ and end of the project by experts. barriers. • Factors/barriers causing threat/ negative pressure on the species monitored. Number of innovations/ • At least one adaptive biodiversity Throughout the At least 4 new technologies and environment-sensitive project period. innovations/ developed/ applied aquaculture model will be promoted. new • Off-farm options promoted. technologies • Rate of uptake will be monitored demonstrated. during field visits. 25% of the feasible farms practicing the model. Number of national Policy narrative shared addressing: Throughout the 1 policy policies informed in • NAPA 2005 project period. narrative biodiversity focal area • BCCSAP 2009 shared. • Biodiversity Programme of Action 2020 • National Fisheries Policy

4.5 Project Management

4.5.1 Management Structures

Operational Management:

Designation (no.) Months Remark Project Manager (1) 2 Part-time (based in Dhaka) Project Coordinator (1) 21 Based in Satkhira [To be selected] Community Organizer (2) 42 One for 200 households [To be selected]

* CVs attached (see Section 6).

The strategic management will be supported by the senior management and experts of Practical Action Bangladesh and UNDP.

4.5.2 Relationship and Responsibilities of Proponent and Project Partners

The proponent, Practical Action, will directly implement the project in the field. However, the project will be implemented through close collaboration with the Union Parishad of Atulia, Shyamnagar upazila, Satkhira district.

5.0 PROJECT COSTS AND OTHER SOURCES OF FUNDING

5.1 Total Project Cost and Amount Requested:

Total Project Cost and Amount Requested table:

Project Duration: 2 Years

Please see the budget in excel file attached

* Community contribution (in kind) = USD 19,645 (BDT 13,82,000)

6.0 EXHIBITS/ATTACHMENTS

6.1 Mandatory a) Location map of project site. A) Shyamnagar upazila (arrow indicating Atulia Union); B) Satkhira district (arrow indicating Shyamnagar upazila)13.

A B

13 Banglapedia 2006. www.banglapedia.org.

21 b) Financial statement of Practical Action, Bangladesh Country Office (2009-2010)

22 c) Brief curriculum vitae or résumé of project manager/coordinator and person in charge of accounting for the funds.

Project staff based in the field: 1. Project Coordinator – 1 position (full-time; to be appointed) 2. Community Organizers – 2 positions (full-time; to be appointed)

Project staff based in Dhaka: 1. Project Manager – 1 position (part-time)

Ms. Farhana Sharmin, Programme Manager, Reducing Vulnerability and Natural Resource Management Programme With an educational background of environmental studies and water resource development, Farhana Sharmin has nearly 10 years’ working experience in the development field. Before joining her present position, Farhana was associated with UN (ILO), international (CARE) and national organizations & apex networking bodies (VERC, NGO Forum) with responsibilities in project management, strategic direction, M&E and documentation. Her project implementation experiences include environment, livelihoods, water, disaster and child labour sectors, in rural and urban settings. She received several international and national training on disaster, environment, monitoring and gender. Farhana also conducted a number of research projects, published several papers/publications, and was associated with Newsletter publication and development of various communication materials.

Head, Finance, Admin & HR:

Mr. S.M. Wahiduzzaman Babur S.M. Wahiduzzaman Babur has 30 years of experience in the financial sector of which he has been heading the Finance, Admin, HR and IT departments of Practical Action for the last 17 year. He obtained his Master and Bachelor degrees in Accounting from the University of Dhaka. In addition, he has obtained numerous professional training on financial and HR systems from reputed organizations in home and abroad. His current responsibilities encompass leading organizational budgeting, financial reporting, auditing, donor liaison, HR management, office management, and IT system improvement, thus contributing to overall growth of the organization.

Letter from a partnering organization if one will assist in accounting for funds.

Not applicable.

23 d) Document/letter showing proof of approved co-financing

24 e) Photographs of community project development meeting and of the project area

Focused group meeting for project formulation, Atulia

Discussion with local community, Atulia

25 Fishing by woman, Atulia

Fish market in Atulia

26 6.2 Optional

6.2.1. Topical outline of training modules or other capacity building activities a) Participatory Action Planning steps /grassroots planning tool tested, adopted and practiced by Practical Action.

Interest group

Interest group Consensus Action Plan Implementation Whole Open Open Open Open community group group group group Monthly management meetings Interest group

UP, Interest group extensionists ry etc. 2 stakeholder UP, UNO & relevant involvement service providers,

Familiarity phase Issue identification Information gathering & Group formation 1st Plenary (groups’ Committee 2nd Plenary (“service (introduce PTD & (constraints & sharing (identified by stakeholders -solutions discussed) formation (groups negotiation” with PAPD concept) solutions discussed) (facilitator & community members & reps. selected) agree structures secondary stakeholders) representative) & roles)

27 b) Organizational Chart of NGO/CBO

28 Name of the Project: Strengthening Resilience of Climate Change -affected communities in South Western Coastal area of Bangladesh Project Duration: 2 Years http://www.oanda.com/currency/converter/ Total Project Cost and Amount Requested table Amount in BDT Amount in BDT Amount in BDT 71.6639

Outcome/Output/Activity Budget Items Amount Amount from Community Amount from other organizations, Practical Total in BDT Total in USD (Descriptio (Cost) requested from Action n) CBA For materials (unit cost X no. of units) For labor (no. of In cash In cash In kind Name of In cash In kind days X daily rate) organization

Unit Qty Rate Amount Practical Action Outcome 1.0 Outcome 1.0. Improved capacity of local people and institutions to up take climate change adaptation and biodiversity protection interventions. Output 1.1 Output 1.1: Understanding and awareness of event - the communities, local NGOs, and local government institutions on the impacts of climate change, climate variability and biodiversity conservation enhanced. 1.1.1. Local Inception Workshop event 1 30,000 30,000 30,000 419 1.1.2. Training sessions on climate change, event 1 60,000 60,000 60,000 climatic variability, biodiversity conservation, participatory monitoring at the union level for local government representatives, NGOs and other stakeholders 837 1.1.3. VRA implementation workshops in four event 2 20,000 40,000 40,000 villages 558 1.1.4. Baseline survey/ Household profile event 1 50,000 50,000 50,000 - 698 1.1.5. Village level lessons sharing with different event 30 2,000 60,000 60,000 - interest groups (e.g. shrimp farmers, crab and shrimp juvenile collectors, off-farm group, community extensionists, and shrimp and product specific other value chain actors) on a bi-monthly basis 837 1.1.6 Cross visit for Project stakeholders and event 2 50,000 100,000 100,000 beneficiaries to other CBA sites in the coast

1,395 Sub Total 340,000 340,000 - 4,744 Output 1.2 Output 1.2: Skilled volunteers developed as - ambassadors to climate change adaptation and biodiversity monitoring - 1.2.1 5 new women community extension workers number 5 15,000 75,000 75,000 (volunteers) developed 1,047 event 1 55,000 55,000 55,000 1.2.2 30 community extension workers (volunteers) working for Practical Action (including 5 new) trained on climate change adaptation, biodiversity monitoring & other issues 767 1.2.3 Innovation in climate change adaptation number 2 20,000 40,000 40,000 - awarded at local level on two occasions 558 Sub Total 170,000 170,000 - 2,372 Outcome 2.0 Outcome 2.0. Sustainable aquaculture - practiced in salinity-affected fish and shrimp farms - Output 2.1 Output 2.1: Adaptive model of biodervisity- - sensetive shrimp farming demonstrate in salinity-affected area - Outcome/Output/Activity Budget Items Amount Amount from Community Amount from other organizations, Practical Total in BDT Total in USD (Descriptio (Cost) requested from Action n) CBA For materials (unit cost X no. of units) For labor (no. of In cash In cash In kind Name of In cash In kind days X daily rate) organization

2.1.1 Training sessions on the model for 80 event 4 40,000 160,000 160,000 farmers 2,233 2.1.2 Input support to 80 farmers for adaptive person 80 10,000 800,000 800,000 farming 11,163 Sub Total 960,000 960,000 - 13,396 Outcome 3.0 3.0. Negative pressure on natural aquatic - animals reduced to a measurable extent - Output 3.1 Output 3.1. Adaptation of selected aquatic - animals and recent dynamics of fish-farming due to salinity intrusion in the locality recorded - 3.1.1. Changes in fish farming and/or natural event 1 150,000 150,000 45,000 105,000 aquatic animals over last 5 years followed; reasons, challenges and opportunities (including off farm) explored 2,093 Sub Total 150,000 45,000 105,000 2,093 Output 3.2 Output 3.2: Participatory aquatic - bioderversity monitoring system practised by local bodies - 3.2.1. Campaign against destructive harvesting event 3 20,000 60,000 60,000 - and farming practices 837 3.2.2. Training on & inputs to practice catch month 12 1,600 19,200 - 19,200 monitoring 268 Sub Total 79,200 60,000 19,200 1,105 Output 3.3 Output 3.3. Off-farm activities practised to divert pressure from natural resources - 3.3.1. Training provided to 40 families on off-farm Event 3 22,000 66,000 66,000 activities 921 3.3.2. Inputs provided to 40 families Person 40 10,000 400,000 200,000 200,000 5,582 3.3.3. Dialogue with service providers, market event 1 20,000 20,000 - 20,000 channels for linkage & sustainability 279 Sub Total 486,000 266,000 220,000 6,782 Outcome 4.0 Outcome 4.0. Local ecosystem and peoples’ - resilience improved as a whole through plantation - Output 4.1 - Output 4.1: Community nurseries of suitable plant species (wind-resistant and salinity) established with women-headed households - 4.1.1 Supporting two suitable nurseries with number 2 15,000 30,000 training and/or input support 30,000 419 Output 4.2 Output 4.2. Revival of coastal mangrove forest through plantation of suitable tree saplings - - 4.2.1. Distribution of mangrove & suitable trees saplings 20,000 15 300,000 - saplings to schools, NGOs, local government, etc. for plantation 300,000 4,186 4.2.2. Campaign & linkages on plantation with event 2 25,000 50,000 - other projects & institutions 50,000 698 Subtotal 380,000 380,000 - 5,303 Outcome 5.0 Outcome 5: Project lessons captured and highlighted for up scaling - Output 5.1 Output 5.1. Project learning documented & widely disseminated - 5.1.1 Assessment and Evaluation event 1 300,000 300,000 120,000 180,000 4,186 5.1.2 National/regional conference & media to event 1 300,000 300,000 90,000 grassroots 210,000 4,186 Outcome/Output/Activity Budget Items Amount Amount from Community Amount from other organizations, Practical Total in BDT Total in USD (Descriptio (Cost) requested from Action n) CBA For materials (unit cost X no. of units) For labor (no. of In cash In cash In kind Name of In cash In kind days X daily rate) organization

lumpsum 1 342,500 342,500 171,250 5.1.3 Knowledge products developed (digital knowledge content on climate change soluations, brochures, best practice book, etc ) 171,250 4,779 Subtotal 942,500 501,250 441,250 13,152 Total Programme Cost 3,507,700 2,722,250 785,450 48,947 Project Support Cost (Direct) - Equipment and Furniture - Computer No. 2 50,000 100,000 100,000 - 1,395 Printer No. 1 20,000 20,000 20,000 279 Furniture No. 1 40,000 40,000 40,000 558 Others Project Support Costs - Rent of Field Office month 22 4,000 88,000 88,000 1,228 Local travel allowance for field staff month 22 5,000 110,000 27,500 82,500 1,535 Domestic travel, accommodation, food and DSA visit 8 25,000 200,000 110,000 90,000 2,791 Office stationary and utilities month 22 4,000 88,000 44,000 44,000 1,228 Communication and knowledge services (Phone, month 22 4,000 88,000 cell, fax, courier, etc.) 44,000 44,000 1,228 Audit and Professional Fees event 2 40,000 80,000 80,000 - 1,116 Sub-total 814,000 405,500 408,500 11,359 Human Resources Costs - Project Manager 25% Man month 6 104,500 627,000 627,000 8,749 Project Coordinator (1) Man month 21 81,510 1,711,710 - 1,711,710 23,885 Group Organizer (2) Man month 42 15,200 638,400 383,040 255,360 8,908 Finance & Admin Officer 8.33% Man month 2 50,350 100,700 - 100,700 1,405 Sub total 3,077,810 383,040 2,694,770 42,948 Sub Total project Costs 7,399,510 3,510,790 3,888,720 103,253 Management Overhead Cost 7% 517,966 517,966 7,228 Total project Costs 7,917,476 3,510,790 4,406,686 110,481

Actual budget in USD 110,481 48,990 61,491 110,481

Calculation of Overhead Recov 618,666 - Rate of % 8.36% 0.00%

Grand Total Project Cost PA CBA PA CBA PA CBA Year Wise Amount in BDT Amount in USD Amount in BDT Amount in USD Amount in £ Year -1 3,562,864 49,716 1,983,009 1,579,856 27,671 22,045 17,002 13,546 Year -2 4,354,612 60,764 2,423,677 1,930,935 33,820 26,944 20,781 16,556 7,917,476 110,481 4,406,686 3,510,790 61,491 48,990 37,783 30,101