Active Driving Assistance Systems
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Future Outlook in Commercial Vehicles
ADAS In Commercial Pulse Q2’20 Vehicles What’s inside ? 1. Activities of 4 key commercial vehicle manufacturers in ADAS and higher autonomy • Tesla, Daimler Trucks, Traton and Volvo Trucks Image: Daimler Freightliner Inspiration Truck Activities of 4 key emerging players in autonomous CVs • Embark, TuSimple, Nikola Motors, Einride 2. Regulations impacting autonomous CVs in the U.S & EU 3. Future outlook THEMES AND Themes covered in this scope Key Takeaways . Players are focusing on Level-4 technologies KEY TAKEAWAYS Activities of 4 key commercial vehicle that take over on the highways, aiming at manufacturers in ADAS & higher autonomy improving safety and gaining greater fuel o Tesla efficiency. e.g. from platooning. IN ADAS in CVs o Daimler Trucks . Collaborative business models and o Traton investments could accelerate L4-L5 capabilities o Volvo Trucks in the near future and find use cases in last-mile delivery, construction and mining areas Today, we are seeing vehicle automation quickly becoming available throughout the Activities of 4 key emerging players in commercial vehicle market with significant autonomous commercial vehicles . Players like Embark plans to skip Level 3 and go interest and investment by the players. o Embark straight to Level 4, while TuSimple has ambitious o TuSimple plans to scale up Level 4 freight network by 2021 o Nikola Motors . Hydrogen powered autonomous trucks could gain ADAS functionalities such as adaptive cruise o Einride traction and fuel the freight chain control (ACC), automatic emergency braking (AEB) and lane keeping assist (LKA) are . Currently, no federal regulation on autonomous accelerating for commercial vehicles. Truck Regulation impacting autonomous commercial vehicles in the U.S and EU trucking technology exists in the U.S. -
USCA Case #20-1145 Document #1881108 Filed: 01/21/2021 Page 1 of 43
USCA Case #20-1145 Document #1881108 Filed: 01/21/2021 Page 1 of 43 ORAL ARGUMENT NOT YET SCHEDULED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT COMPETITIVE ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE, et al., Petitioners, v. No. 20-1145 (consolidated with NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC Nos. 20-1167, 20-1168, 20-1169, SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, et al., 20-1173, 20-1174, 20-1176, 20- 1177, 20-1230) Respondents, ALLIANCE FOR AUTOMOTIVE INNOVATION, et al. Intervenors for Respondents. BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE CONSUMER REPORTS IN SUPPORT OF COORDINATING PETITIONERS George P. Slover Cale Jaffe Senior Policy Counsel Director, Environmental Law and Consumer Reports Community Engagement Clinic 1101 17th St., NW, Suite 500 University of Virginia School of Law Washington, DC 20036 580 Massie Rd. Tel: (202) 462-6262 Charlottesville, VA 22903 [email protected] Tel: (434) 924-4776 [email protected] Dated: January 21, 2021 Counsel of Record for Amicus Curiae Consumer Reports USCA Case #20-1145 Document #1881108 Filed: 01/21/2021 Page 2 of 43 CERTIFICATE AS TO PARTIES, RULINGS, AND RELATED CASES A. Parties and Amici Except for the following, all Petitioners, Respondents, Intervenors, and Amici Curiae appearing before this Court are as listed in the Briefs of Petitioners Center for Biological Diversity, et al., City and County of Denver, et al., and National Coalition for Advanced Transportation, et al. Amici Curiae: Consumer Reports; and The Coalition to Protect America’s National Parks, the National Parks Conservation Association, New Mexico Wilderness Alliance; and American Thoracic Society, American Lung Association, American Medical Association, Medical Society of the District of Columbia; and National League of Cities, U.S. -
Essays on Transparent IT Support for Asymmetric Client-Advisor Encounters: the Case of Swiss Investment Advisory Services
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2012 Essays on transparent IT support for asymmetric client-advisor encounters: the case of Swiss investment advisory services Nussbaumer, Philipp Abstract: Investment advisory encounters are strained by information, knowledge and interest asymme- tries between client and advisor. These are detrimental to advisory quality and client satisfaction, leading to an unfavorable client perception of investment advisory services. This situation is disadvantageous for both clients and financial service providers. Clients increasingly turn to other information sources and fail to reap advisory services’ potential benefits for their investment decisions; financial service providers fail to exploit personalized advisory services as one the most promising differentiation strategies against competitors and struggle with low client satisfaction and retention. This dissertation suggests a novel approach for these issues: addressing asymmetries in investment advisory encounters with transparent, shared IT artifacts. Hence, it is based on the following thesis: Shared collaborative IT artifacts are a fea- sible and useful means to improve transparency of investment advisory encounters and, thus, to increase client satisfaction. The dissertation supports this thesis along three research essays: Essay I provides an empirical investigation of the status quo of Swiss investment advisory services. It suggests that investment advisory -
Consumer Organizations and Promotion of Sustainable Energy Consumption: Comparative Product Quality Testing and Its Impact
Panel III, 04 – Wahnschafft/Huh Consumer Organizations and Promotion of Sustainable Energy Consumption: Comparative Product Quality Testing and its Impact Ralph WAHNSCHAFFT Energy Resources Section, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (UN-ESCAP), Bangkok, Thailand Kwisun HUH Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hanguk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea 1 - SYNOPSIS This paper reports selected preliminary results of an ongoing survey on consumer organizations. It analyzes comparative product quality testing and its potential impact on promotion of energy efficiency. 2 - ABSTRACT The paper provides an overview on consumer organizations in OECD and high income developing countries, in particular with regard to their consumer information activities. It focuses on a review of comparative product testing of selected electrical home appliances and on test reports in consumer interest magazines. The paper analyzes the relative weights allocated to the different product quality criteria, including energy efficiency. Based on the above the paper reflects on the role that consumer organizations can play in the promotion of “green consumerism” and sustainable energy consumption, in particular with regard to the residential sector. 3 - INTRODUCTION 3.1. Background and objectives Advancing commercialization of societies has brought with it the formation of a growing number of local and national consumer interest groups. Today, Consumers International, the largest federation of consumer organizations and agencies worldwide, counts 243 member organizations in over 110 countries (1). Individual organizations greatly differ in their membership and organization, their sources of financing and government sponsorship, their work methods, activities and relative political influence. However, enhancement of consumer protection and better consumer information are overall common objectives that unite the “consumer movement”. -
State of the Art of Adaptive Cruise Control and Stop and Go Systems
1st AUTOCOM Workshop on Preventive and Active Safety Systems for Road Vehicles State of the Art of Adaptive Cruise Control and Stop and Go Systems Emre Kural, Tahsin Hacıbekir, and Bilin Aksun Güvenç Department of Mechanical Engineering, østanbul Technical University, Gümüúsuyu, Taksim, østanbul, TR-34437, Turkey Abstract—This paper presents the state of the art of Number of Traffic Accidents in European Country Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Stop and Go systems as x1000 well as Intelligent Transportation Systems enhanced with inter vehicle communication. The sensors used in these 400 systems and the level of their current technology are introduced. Simulators related to ACC and Stop and Go 300 (S&G) systems are also surveyed and the MEKAR 200 simulator is presented. Finally, future trends of ACC and Stop and Go systems and their advantages are emphasized. 100 0 I. INTRODUCTION y in e ly K y n a c a U e a n It rk a u New trends in automotive technology result in new rm Sp r e F T systems to produce safer and more comfortable vehicles. G Many driver assistant systems are introduced by automotive manufacturers in order to prevent a possible Figure 1. Traffic Accident Statistics in Europe accident from happening either by intervening in the And as a result, the driver’s routine interventions are control of the vehicle temporarily or by warning the lessened and due to a more controlled driving, fuel driver audibly and visually. consumption will be reduced. On the other hand, the The key reason as to why researchers focus on the automation of highways will also allow an increase in the subject of producing safer cars is related to the statistics number of vehicles traveling on roads without causing that expose the serious consequences of accidents. -
Five Questions to Ask When Considering Health Supplements
Five Questions to Ask When Considering Health Supplements COMMENTS JANUARY 19, 2016 / by KATIE WORTH Tow Journalism Fellow, FRONTLINE/Columbia Journalism School Fellowships Compared to most drugs sold at pharmacies, health supplements are loosely regulated by government agencies. Law prohibits manufacturers from selling products that are adulterated or mislabeled, and they cannot claim to cure things they don’t. But there is little oversight or enforcement to ensure they comply. And unlike prescription drugs, which pass through a strict premarket approval process, the Food and Drug Administration does not evaluate a supplement’s contents or effectiveness before it hits the shelves. Even then, the agency has only a modest capacity to test the pills. The result is a more than $30 billion industry that is largely regulated by the honor system. Given this framework, there is little to guarantee that any vitamin, mineral, probiotic, sports supplement, herbal treatment, or other dietary supplement is safe, effective, or even contains what’s on its label. Last year, for example, an investigation by the New York Attorney General’s office found that several popular store-brand supplements at four major retailers — GNC, Target, Walgreens and Walmart — contained contaminants not listed among the labeled ingredients. Just 21 percent of them actually had the DNA of the plant species they purported to be vending. While there are no guarantees, there are steps consumers can take to improve the chances that their supplements contain what they claim to, in the labeled quantities, and that they may indeed have a health benefit. Here are five questions a consumer may want to ask when considering supplements. -
A Hierarchical Control System for Autonomous Driving Towards Urban Challenges
applied sciences Article A Hierarchical Control System for Autonomous Driving towards Urban Challenges Nam Dinh Van , Muhammad Sualeh , Dohyeong Kim and Gon-Woo Kim *,† Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, Department of Control and Robot Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28644, Korea; [email protected] (N.D.V.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (D.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † Current Address: Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea. Received: 23 April 2020; Accepted: 18 May 2020; Published: 20 May 2020 Abstract: In recent years, the self-driving car technologies have been developed with many successful stories in both academia and industry. The challenge for autonomous vehicles is the requirement of operating accurately and robustly in the urban environment. This paper focuses on how to efficiently solve the hierarchical control system of a self-driving car into practice. This technique is composed of decision making, local path planning and control. An ego vehicle is navigated by global path planning with the aid of a High Definition map. Firstly, we propose the decision making for motion planning by applying a two-stage Finite State Machine to manipulate mission planning and control states. Furthermore, we implement a real-time hybrid A* algorithm with an occupancy grid map to find an efficient route for obstacle avoidance. Secondly, the local path planning is conducted to generate a safe and comfortable trajectory in unstructured scenarios. Herein, we solve an optimization problem with nonlinear constraints to optimize the sum of jerks for a smooth drive. In addition, controllers are designed by using the pure pursuit algorithm and the scheduled feedforward PI controller for lateral and longitudinal direction, respectively. -
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES the EMERGING LANDSCAPE an Initial Perspective
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES THE EMERGING LANDSCAPE An Initial Perspective 1 Glossary Abbreviation Definition ACC Adaptive Cruise Control - Adjusts vehicle speed to maintain safe distance from vehicle ahead ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance System - Safety technologies such as lane departure warning AEB Autonomous Emergency Braking – Detects traffic situations and ensures optimal braking AUV Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – Submarine or underwater robot not requiring operator input AV Autonomous Vehicle - vehicle capable of sensing and navigating without human input CAAC Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control – ACC with information sharing with other vehicles and infrastructure CAV Connected and Autonomous Vehicles – Grouping of both wirelessly connected and autonomous vehicles DARPA US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency - Responsible for the development of emerging technologies EV Electric Vehicle – Vehicle that used one or more electric motors for propulsion GVA Gross Value Added - The value of goods / services produced in an area or industry of an economy HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle – EU term for any truck with a gross combination mass over 3,500kg (same as US LGV) HMI Human Machine Interface – User interface between a vehicle and the driver / passenger IATA International Air Transport Association - Trade association of the world’s airlines LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging - Laser-based 3D scanning and sensing MaaS Mobility as a Service - Mobility solutions that are consumed as a service rather than purchased as a product ODD Operational Design -
The Price Sensitivity of Health Plan Choice Among Retirees: Evidence from the German Social Health Insurance
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Wuppermann, Amelie; Bauhoff, Sebastian; Grabka, Markus Conference Paper The Price Sensitivity of Health Plan Choice among Retirees: Evidence from the German Social Health Insurance Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2014: Evidenzbasierte Wirtschaftspolitik - Session: Health II, No. B10-V3 Provided in Cooperation with: Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association Suggested Citation: Wuppermann, Amelie; Bauhoff, Sebastian; Grabka, Markus (2014) : The Price Sensitivity of Health Plan Choice among Retirees: Evidence from the German Social Health Insurance, Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2014: Evidenzbasierte Wirtschaftspolitik - Session: Health II, No. B10-V3, ZBW - Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Kiel und Hamburg This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/100352 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. -
Gauging the Influence of the Consumers Unions of the World Views of a Consumer Economist
GAUGING THE INFLUENCE OF THE CONSUMERS UNIONS OF THE WORLD VIEWS OF A CONSUMER ECONOMIST E. Scott Maynes, Cornell Universityl ~~~~~~~~~~ABSTRACT.~~~~~~~~~~ 3. What vehicles for influence (e.g., Influence : " t he effects of actions, behavior, product testing, advocacy offices) and opinions on others." This paper explores does each employ? the various dimensions of t he influence of t he Consumers Unions of the world and proposes My next two questions deal with what we need to measurements of each. Dimensions explored know : include a selective, a nnotated bibliography of publications that deal with t h eir influence, 4 . What has been the short-run influence estimates of the growth of U. S. consumer of each CU on (1) its readers/users organizations, a listing of t he "vehicles" for and (2) the public in i ts country? influence employed by Consumers Unions of U. S .A. (e.g., Consumer Reports), a model t hat depicts 5 . What has been the long-run influence the stages of influence t hrough which consumers of each CU on (1) its readers/users pass in the short - run (aware of it, approve of and (2) the public in i ts country? it, etc.) , and a benefit/cost model of the long run i nfluence of the Consumers Unions (e.g. , My paper consists primarily of five tables better choices . l onger life. etc.). which, suitably filled in, will answer these questions. The main publications of t he t hree largest Consumers Uni ons--Consumer s Unions of U.S .A. For completeness, I list four additional (hereafter CU), Consumers' Association of t he questions, worthy of consideration, that are United Kingdom (CA), and Sti ftung Warentest of excused for lack of space : Wes t Germany (SW)--are purchased by 2% to 5% of households in their countries and are cons ulte d 6. -
ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE TECHNOLOGY NAMES AAA’S Recommendation for Common Naming of Advanced Safety Systems
JANUARY 2019 ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE TECHNOLOGY NAMES AAA’s recommendation for common naming of advanced safety systems NewsRoom.AAA.com Advanced Driver Assistance Technology Names (this page intentionally left blank) © 2019 American Automobile Association, Inc. 2 Advanced Driver Assistance Technology Names Abstract Advanced Driver Assistance Systems have become increasingly prevalent on new vehicles. In fact, at least one ADAS feature is available on 92.7% of new vehicles available in the U.S. as of May 2018.1 Not only are these advanced driver assistance systems within financial reach of many new car consumers (about $1,950 for the average ADAS bundle2), they also have the potential to avoid or mitigate the severity of a crash. However, the terminology used to describe them varies widely and often seems to prioritize marketing over clarity. The lack of standardized names for automotive systems adds confusion for motorists when researching and using advanced safety systems. The intent of this paper is to create a dialog with the automotive industry, safety organizations and legislators about the need for common naming for advanced driver assistance systems. Within this report, AAA is proposing a set of standardized technology names for use in describing advanced safety systems. AAA acknowledges that this is a dynamic environment, and that further input from stakeholders and consumer research will further refine this recommendation. To date, automakers have devised their own branded technology names which, for example, has resulted in twenty unique names for adaptive cruise control and nineteen different names for lane keeping assistance (section 3.2) alone. A selection of these names is shown in Figure 1. -
Safety of Autonomous Vehicles
Hindawi Journal of Advanced Transportation Volume 2020, Article ID 8867757, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8867757 Review Article Safety of Autonomous Vehicles Jun Wang,1 Li Zhang,1 Yanjun Huang,2 and Jian Zhao 2 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA 2Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada Correspondence should be addressed to Jian Zhao; [email protected] Received 1 June 2020; Revised 3 August 2020; Accepted 1 September 2020; Published 6 October 2020 Academic Editor: Francesco Bella Copyright © 2020 Jun Wang et al. *is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Autonomous vehicle (AV) is regarded as the ultimate solution to future automotive engineering; however, safety still remains the key challenge for the development and commercialization of the AVs. *erefore, a comprehensive understanding of the de- velopment status of AVs and reported accidents is becoming urgent. In this article, the levels of automation are reviewed according to the role of the automated system in the autonomous driving process, which will affect the frequency of the disengagements and accidents when driving in autonomous modes. Additionally, the public on-road AV accident reports are statistically analyzed. *e results show that over 3.7 million miles have been tested for AVs by various manufacturers from 2014 to 2018. *e AVs are frequently taken over by drivers if they deem necessary, and the disengagement frequency varies significantly from 2 ×10−4 to 3 disengagements per mile for different manufacturers.