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No. 144 Autumn / Winter 2009 €4.00 Stg£3.00

 Gaelic and the Wars of Independence

 An Bhreatnais sa Phatagóin

 Union Democratic Bretonne and Beat French Socialists

 Gaol for the – the tradition continues

 EU Lisbon Treaty Rerun – Only Independent Celtic State Cedes !

 My .TV!

 Manx Language

 Kernow Hosts Successful AGM

ALBA: AN COMANN CEILTEACH BREIZH: AR ’HEVRE KELTIEK CYMRU: YR UNDEB CELTAIDD ÉIRE: AN CONRADH CEILTEACH KERNOW: AN KESUNYANS KELTEK MANNIN: YN COMMEEYS CELTIAGH Anns an saoghal teicneolas againn, feumaidh sinn a bith misneachadh. Chan eil coimhearsnachdan nan Eileanan Siar nan aonar fo na rionnagan, tha Gaidhealtachd- dealain ann airson daoine às gach dùthaich air an saoghal air an eadar-lìon. Lee Ramsay

Summary Linn Dealain nan Gàidheil This discusses all the Gaelic resources you can find on the Internet today. Thòisich an Comann Ceilteach cunntas air agus tha mòran rosgan aosta Gàidhlige saor Twitter anns a’ mhìos seo chaidh, agus b’ e air an eadar-lìon. seo an rud a thug orm a’ smaoineachadh air na goireasan teicneolas Gàidhlig mar an eadar-lion. Tha mi cinnteach gum bi gach leughadair a’ cluinntinn seo gu tric. Gur e ach cànan beag a ’anns a’ Gàidhlig, agus ‘nuair a dh’fhàg Gàidheil a’ Ghaidhealtachd, chaidh Gàidhlig a dhèanamh nas lugha. An uair sin, cluinnidh sibh mu dheidhinn fudach nan Gàidheal, agus am bàs na Gàidhlig gum biodh e air tachair mur thràth Ge-tà, canadh mise nach eil Gàidhlig marbh idir, agus gu dearbh chan eil Gàidhlig ach anns na h-àiteachan a’ Ghàidhealtachd. ‘S dòcha gun cuala sibh mu dhèidhinn “Dwelly-d”; am faclair Dwelly air an eadar- lìon. Nach robh an naidheachd ann an 142? ‘S e naidheachd glè mhath a bh’ann co- NEIL MUNRO (1863-1930) dhiù. Tha an làrach-lìon aig www.dwelly.info luath is sìmplidh aig. Mar sin ‘s e làrach-lìon eile ùr agus trang le Alan Stewart looks at the life and work of an often forgotten Highland novelist naidheachd is farpaisean a th’ann www.mygaelic.com, an làrach-lìon le Bòrd Neil Munro was born in Inverary in the aftermath of the Napoleonic na Ghàidhlig. Scotland in 1863, the illegitimate Wars. Tha seo làraichean-lion Ghàidhlig eile air an son of Anne Munro, a kitchen And the novels kept coming! eadar-lìon, cuideachd. ‘S e làrach-lìon beag maid. Mary believed the father There was “Doom Castle” and ach inntinneach agus a’ fàs gu luath a th’ann to be a member of the Duke of “Shoes of Fortune” in 1901 and Gàidhlig (aig Argyll’s family (though she “Children of Tempest” in 1903. http://gd.wikipedia.org/). Ged nach eil e ag did later marry Malcolm Of particular interest obair gu tric, ‘s e duilleag mhath Ghàidhlig Thomson, the retired however was “New Road.” airson naidheachd a th’anns “The Scotsman” governor of Inverary jail). Published in 1914, it focuses - http://www.scotsman.com/gaelic. Tha After leaving school at 13 on the building –back in 1733- Google anns a’ Ghàidhlig, airson fhaighinn Munro began work in the of General Wade’s military air na làraichean-lìon eile agus a’ local office of the Sheriff road from to Inverness. ceartachadh na litrichean aig faclan doirbh Clerk. In 1881 though, two days The concerns underlying the (tha seo aig before his 18th birthday, he novel though were the changes http://www.google.com/intl/gd/). Agus nach headed south to . There he the English speaking south would eil BBC Alba sgainneal? Ann am Breatann, broke into journalism working as a bring to the Gaelic north. Was the ‘s urrainn dhuibh a choimhead air reporter with the “Greenock Advertiser”, Gaelic way of life under threat? telebhisean Gàidhlig air an eadar-lìon aig “Glasgow News”, “ Herald” and then Munro had decided in 1902 to take a break http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/gd/tv/bbc_alb the “Glasgow Evening News.” from full time journalism. However he still a. Mu dheireadh, ‘s dòcha gum bi It was at the “Evening News” that his star contributed two weekly columns to the e fhèin anns a’ Ghàidhlig. (Tha e ann an shone. He rose meteorically and he was Chief “Evening News.” It was one of those that Cuimrigh agus a’ Ghàidhlig na Èireann mu Reporter by the time he was 23. spawned the “Para Handy Tales” about the thràth.) Munro was nothing if not versatile adventures of the crew of a West Highland Tha mòran làraichean-lìon eile air an eadar- however. His first novel appeared in 1898. puffer, the “Vital Spark.” lìon, gu sònraichte làraichean-lìon airson Called “John Splendid”, it deals with the With the coming of World War One Munro luchd-ionnsachaidh. Agus chan e sin a- sacking of Inverary by the Duke of Montrose concentrated again on press work. Indeed in mhàin, ged a tha fios againn nach eil and his subsequent victory at the Battle of 1918 he became “Evening News” Editor. He Microsoft airson na Ghàidhlig, is urrainn Inverlochy in 1645. At the book’s core though was badly affected by the of his son on dhuinn a fhaighinn am faclair airson is an exploration of the “Highland character the Western Front; thereafter he gradually Microsoft Word saor air an eadar-lìon. Tha under ” (Neil Munro Society 2008). withdrew from public life. mòran “leabhraichean-dealain” air an eadar- The next novel, “Gilian the Dreamer”, Munro died in Helensburgh on 22 December lìon cuideachd. - ‘S e leabhran a tha sibh a’ followed a year later. It’s also set in Inverary, 1930. leughadh air compiutair no leughair-dealain again in a period of turmoil. This time it’s in (mar am fòn-làimh) a th’ann leabhran-d,

2 Carn Gaelic Scotland and the Wars of Independence

Part I – The Prelude The last Celtic King?

Above Aberdour, not far from the Forth Bridge, is an unassuming memorial to III, which it describes as “the last Celtic king of Scotland”. In 1286, that King Alexander and his party were riding above the cliffs here, when fog scattered the party, and Alexander and his horse fell to their deaths. It has been claimed that he was murdered, but this has never been proven satisfactorily and probably never will be. Alexander had a successful reign which had effectively ended the power of the Norse in Scotland at the Battle of Largs (Na Leargaidh Gallda) in 1263. But Alexander’s death led to chaos. He had one heir, The Background in 1066, a flood of English refugees came Margaret, the “Maid of Norway”. Margaret In the early , Scotland was a into Scotland. Her main legacy was to was an infant, and died before reaching multilingual country, like its neighbours. The mainstream the church, bringing in English Scotland. No fewer than 13 Competitors Gaelic language was spoken over a much and Norman clerics. Her stepchildren bore claimed the Crown of Scotland, and the wider area, including almost all the Celtic names, but her own children by resultant chaos led to English intervention. Lowlands outside the cities. During the Malcolm generally bore Anglo-Saxon and It is debatable whether Alexander III really 1200s, there would have been in areas continental names, such as Edgar. was the last Celtic King of Scots; rather he such as Buchan, Fife, Galloway, David I (1084-1153) was one of Margaret’s was the last of the Dunkeld or Canmore Dumfriesshire, and even some of the more offspring, and a noted reformer. Many of his (Ceann Mòr) dynasty. The Stewarts were the rugged parts of the . The remnants reforms were necessary, for example, he last rulers of an independent Scotland, and of Brythonic and Norse populations still minted Scotland’s very first coins. However, they have as good a claim as any. Their remained many of the reforms involved copying family origins lay in the Fitz Alans, who Scotland itself had started in the merger of English examples wholesale, installing were Stewards of Scotland, and who came the Gaelic kingdom of Dalriada, with Norman families, and the policy of from Breton origins. We know from the Pictland, and Brythonic Strathclyde, and the “civilising” the country by planting merchant testimony of Pedro Ayala, the Spanish were later conquered from Norway. , which were mainly filled with ambassador to the court of James IV (1488- Up until the Battle of Largs, there had been Anglo-, Flemings and English to 1513) that the King spoke the language of regular Norse attacks, and for centuries there improve trade. (Unlike , or the “Wild Scots”, and he is presumably the were attacks from Anglo-Saxon , the Normans were originally invited last one, although it’s been claimed, with and England. The Scots conquered into Scotland.) David also started the policy little evidence that his son, James V (1513- Northumbria down to the Tweed in 1018, of Scottish kings being feudal in 42) could also speak the language. Lastly, which was partly Anglo-Saxon, but also England, taking manors in 11 English although much of Scotland was rapidly partly Brythonic. Gaelic influence on all of counties. This meant that he had to swear being Normanised and Anglicised, these areas predated political union, and the loyalty to the King of England, who was then especially in the burghs, there was in fact a similarity of Brythonic and Goidelic at this Henry I. The Kings of Scots saw this as degree of intermarriage between the native time, meant that ’s structure fealty for the manorial holdings in England, and Norman . and vocabulary were irreversibly changed by but the Kings of England saw this as What constitutes a “Celtic king” is as this contact, and many place names, such as applying to the realm of Scotland as well. complicated a question as what exactly the Aberdour, and (Trenant) This policy led to much confusion, word “Celtic” means. In the case of the come from it. Brythonic and Goidelic names particularly as the Scots would also conquer Stewarts (later Stuarts), the Gaelic claim can be found in all parts of mainland large swathes of England, particularly after never evaporated fully, even when the rulers Scotland, with Norse names mostly in the the – at one point David’s were oppressing the Highlands, and were de- coastal areas, and islands, and Anglo-Saxon was , and the border was the Gaelicised themselves. It crops up in names in the far south east. south of Blackpool. Like Jacobitism. Both Edward Stuart The first major blow to Gaelic culture in traditional Scotland, this portion of (Bonnie Prince Charlie) and his father James Scotland came with Malcolm Canmore’s contained Norse, Brythons and English, and exploited it to the full in order to win over second wife, Margaret, known as St Margaret even a few Gaels. Alexander III was David the clans, and Gaelic of the 18th to her supporters and Mairead nam Mallachd I’s great-great-grandson, or more succinctly, century often mentions their remote, semi- (Accursed Margaret) in Gaelic. Margaret was fionn-ogha as the Gaelic has it. legendary Gaelic ancestors. (It is possible an Anglo-Saxon who had been raised in The policy of /Normanisation that Charles picked up at least some of the Hungary – she never bothered to learn was not wholly successful, at least not to language on his sojourns across northern Gaelic, but on the other hand, there is no begin with. Many of the Norman families Scotland, and he was also considered the clear evidence she spoke English either. would “go native”, as they did in Ireland. legitimate king by some people.) Because of the Norman conquest of England continued on page 4

Carn 3 continued from page 3 Slavic/Hungarian/Romanian speaking The burghs were successful in trading with countryside. Even England was not immune, Calman Commission the continent, but they were effectively as its ruling class spoke a form of French. islands. The largest, was less than Coincidentally, it was only during the rule of Calls for more powers a square mile in extent. This was by no means Edward I, that English gained any official for unusual in European history. The Russians recognition. Even before 1066, some of the had planted full of foreigners (mainly rulers and nobles of England were Norse Germans, French and English) throughout speakers, such as Canute. However, England After the SNP’s election victory in May 2007 their empire, in order to “civilise” it. In War was more successful at combining its native and the setting up by the Scottish and Peace Tolstoy mentions a character and Norman traditions than Scotland. A Government of a “National Conversation” on called Golitsin, who can speak French, but strange kind of Creole/pidgin had emerged, a Scotland’s constitutional future (including it’s not Russian, despite being Russian himself – compromise between Anglo-Saxon and plan for a referendum on independence) the which gets him into great trouble during the Norman French, with some Norse thrown in. main opposition parties -Labour, Liberal French invasion. Likewise central and It would evolve into the language, which I Democratic and Conservative- established a eastern had many German speaking am writing in now. Commission under Sir Kenneth Calman to towns, surrounded by a Ray Bell see how Holyrood “could serve the people of Scotland better” (Daily Telegraph 15 June 2009). The Commission has now reported and its’ “head-line recommendation” is that the Scottish Parliament should be “responsible TANNAHILL: and accountable for a proportion of the taxes it spends.” Essentially, under the Calman proposals, the THE GREAT PAISLEY POET basic and top rate taxes in Scotland would be cut by 10p in the pound and then the block grant paid annually by the Treasury to the Next year (2010) sees the 200th anniversary would be cut by an of the death of the great Paisley poet Robert equivalent amount. Tannahill. It would then be up to the Scottish Robert Tannahill’s ancestors had been Parliament to levy a separate Scottish Income weavers for several generations in Tax and to decide at which rate to set it. Kilmarnock. In 1756 however the family However the Scottish Parliament would not moved to Paisley, then a of 4000 people be able to vary the differential between the with 1300 working looms. basic and top rates of tax. They would not be Robert was born in 1774. He attended allowed, in other words, to target the rich as school from the age of 6 until he was 12, part of a move towards a more when was then apprenticed to his father as a progressive/redistributive tax system! handloom weaver. Broadly speaking, the Commission’s In 1786 Tannahill’s father James was recommendations have been welcomed as chosen as Deacon or Boxmaster of the both serious and radical. The Commission Paisley Old Weaver’s Society. does propose that the Parliament should gain His meanwhile was related to the control also over stamp duties, landfill taxes Brodie family which had produced several and air passenger duty. artistic/cultural figures -including Robert The SNP does point out though that the Brodie, a local poet of some reknown. Commission never set out to look at the issue Robert Tannahill however suffered from of independence itself. Nor has it considered poor health and had a deformed right leg. In people. Crop failures in 1799 however led to handing Scotland back all its’ financial powers. his youth he sought to strengthen it through a steep rise in the price of food and there Alan Stewart long walks in the countryside round Paisley. were soup kitchens in the streets. Robert and Places like Stanely and the Gleniffer Braes, his youngest brother Hugh moved to Bolton where he frequently strolled, would later for a time for work but he returned in 1801 However Tannahill thought seeking provide material for -and feature in- his when he heard that his father was ill and subscribers was somehow degrading. For the poetry and songs. close to death. proposed second editon he sought to approach Indeed by 1791, when his apprenticeship Paisley weavers at this time were famously publishers direct. Unfortunately publishers in ended, Tannahill was already showing well read and in 1803 Tannahill and his Greenock and Edinburgh turned him down. literary talent. That was the year Burns’s friends formed the Paisley Literary and Tannahill took rejection badly and there “Tam O’ Shanter” was published. The Convivial Association. Proceedings of the were signs of deep emotional distress. On people of Pailsey noted the reference in the associations were by all accounts well May 16, 1810 he was seen to his bed by his poem to “cutty sark o’ Paisley harn.” lubricated by alcohol. mother. However he got up later and left his Tannahill is said to have walked to Alloway In 1805 he also became Secretary of the house in the middle of the night. His body Kirk with his friends and to have spent Paisley Burns Club. The Club, by the way, is was recovered soon after from a nearby canal. several weeks in Burns country. active to this day and claims to be the oldest Tannahill was fondly remembered after his Tannahill wanted in particular to restore the formally constituted Burns Club in the world. death however. In 1866 locals funded a popularity of traditional Scottish airs by In 1807 a 175 page volume of Tannahill’s monument, which was erected by his grave on writing new words for them. He attached an poetry was published. There was an advance Canal Street. Then in 1883 open-air choral ink top to the frame of his loom so he could subscription of 900 and the book made concerts of his songs held on Gleniffer Braes write down whatever came to him as he Tannahilla profit of £20. Amongst the raised money for a statue of the poet (which is worked. poems were “Thou Bonnie Wood o’ Craigie- to be found by ). Paisley was now a town of some 24,000 lea” and “The Braes o’ Gleniffer.” Alan Stewart

4 Carn Summary: The Gool Fylm 2009 Cornwall Film Festival was held in Falmouth in November. It featured 18 full-length and some 150 short Breizh films - new productions from within Kernow, including Cornish-language films, and elsewhere. The success of this festival reflected the vigour of Cornish film-making today. Reiñ ton da filmoù Kernev-Veur

Gouel Filnoù Kernev-Veur a voe dalc’het e kreiz miz Du. Ur prenestr digor Embannadur nevez war sinema ar vro eo an emgav-mañ, o lakaat war raok ar filmoù liesseurt a vez An Gerlyver Meur a savet gant tud, ret mat dezho diskouez ijin evit tremen dreist an diouer a arc’hant. Ur gouel na zisoñj ket yezh keltiek ar vro gerne-veureg kennebeut rak pep bloaz, e vez roet gantañ ur yalc’had skoazell a benn sevel ur film e Kerneveureg. En ur sinema nevez flamm, ar Phoenix, e Ar strollad Kesva an Taves Kernewek kreiz kêr Aberfal (Falmouth) e tigoras Gouel ( Board) a zo laouen da Filmoù Kerneveur d’an 13 a viz Du., ahed an ober bruderez evit embannadur nevez ar dibenn sizhun e padas. Digeriñ a reas gant ur geriadur braz a gerne-veureg, An Gerlyver genstrivadeg filmoù bet savet gant tud Meur. An embannadur kentañ a voe graet e yaouank eus ar vro etre 8 ha 18 bloaz, 1993, ha poent braz e oa kaout an eil. Ur diouzhtu goude e voe graet ton d’ar sinema skipailh a bevarzek kerneveger a zo bet ouzh kerneveurek. e brientiñ e-pad ur bloavezh, sturiet gant an D’an deiz kentañ ‘ta e voe embannet embanner, Dr . Ouzhpenn mil peseurt raktres a c’hounezas ar bloaz-mañ ger nevez a zo bet dibabet evit ma c’heller Priz Govyn Kernewek, ur yalc’had 5000 lur gant studierien ivez. Gortoz a reer kalz digant implijout kerne-veureg da vat er 21ved saoz a ya da skoazellañ un danvez film e The Age of Stupid, ur film a zo kinniget evel kantved. kerneveureg. Diskouezet e voe evit ar wech ur seurt blockbuster diwar-benn ar Ar levr nevez a zo ur geriadur a daou du, kentañ Skath, ar film oa bet sikouret cheñchamant hin, un tem a-bouez pa voe kerne-veuregsaozneg ha saoznegkerne- warlene. Un diellfilm diwar benn ar roeñviñ danvez Pennemvod Kopenagen a voe veureg. Ar gevrenn K-S a zo bet brasaet eus eo Skath (bag), ur sport a ra berz bras e dalc’het gant an UNO, tro ar memes . an embannadur kentañ (Gerlyver Kernewek Kernev-Veur. Savet eo bet gant Paul Digor eo ar Gouel war ar broioù all ivez Kemmyn, 1993), hag ar gevrenn S-K a zo Farmer, ur skrivagner ha saver-filmoù en hag ur genstrivadeg ispisial a zo bet savet bet ledanaet eus ar gevrenn S-K er Gerlyver deus bet paket brud er c’hoariva dija hag evit evit an estrenien. «An Other Country» zo ur Kres (2000). An hini nevez a zo brasoc’h e genlabour gant ar gevredigezh priz mil lur saoz a vez roet gant Skol-Veur (940 pajenn), ha d’hor meno gwelloc’h, eget skrivagnerien Scavel an Gow. Un tamm mat Aberfal evit reiñ ton d’ur film berr dindan 10 bep geriadur kerne-veureg a-raok. a vrud en deus bet ar film a oa bet skoazellet mn, bet savet gant un estrañjour, forzh Gwellaennoù ennañ a zo: gant Govyn Kernewek ar bloaz a-raok. An peseurt lec’h e vefe. Diouzh Aostralia,  Diskouezet eo an distagadur. Kanada, ar Stadoù Unanet , diouzh broioù Jowl Yn Agas Kegin (An Diaoul en o  Bez’ ez eus skouerioù digant ar yezh C’hegin) ur film berr bet savet gant Brett europat all evel just, ha diouzh Azia zoken e hengounel: kerne-veureg kozh, krenn ha Harvey, ur filmaozour yaouank eus Kernev- teuas ar filmoù oa war ar renk. Marteze e vo diwezhat. Veur. Ur gomedienn eo e-lec’h ma weler ur kavet an hent-se gant ur filmaozer breizhat c’heginer gwasket gant e wreg, bezañ un deiz bennak? Kreñvaet eo bet al liammoù  Ar c’hemmadurioù a vez diskouezet gant kinniget un tamm skoazell gant an Diaoul en etrevroadel ar bloaz-mañ en ur c’hevelliñ niveroù. eskemm d’e ene evel just. Deut eo a-benn emgav Kernev-Veur gant BuSho, ur Gouel  Ul lezennaoueg a ziskouez pet gwech e Brett da silañ ar yezh en un doare naturel ma Filmoù Berr e Bro Hungaria. veze kavet bep ger er yezh hengounel. c’heller laret, rak an Diaoul eo a gomz 18 film bras hag ur 150 film berr bennak zo  Niver ar c’heriou a zo bet brasaet dre Kerneveureg er film pa ra tudennoù ar vuhez bet diskouezet warlene e Gouel Filmoù 50%. pemdez gant ar Saozneg. Kendrec’het zo bet Kernev-Veur. Un emgav eo deut da vezañ ur penngeginer brudet en tele saoz da zont da ivez evit tud ar vicher, e Kernev Veur evel  Ur kein brav ha kalet en deus. gemer perzh er film zoken, pezh en deus just, met diouzh lec’hoù all ivez. graet kalz evit brudañ an oberenn. Ur film Gant an enkadenn ekonomikel e vije bet tu Kesva an Taves Kernewek he deus spi e vo ar berr leun a fent hag a vuhez, 14 munutenn krediñ e vije bet diaesoc’h aozañ ur Gouel geriadur nevez-mañ ur patrom evit ar degad- lusket mat, douget gant komedianed evel-se. N’eo ket bet, arc’hant zo bet evel bloavezhioù da zont. Koust al levr a zo donezonet a zo blijadur da welet. Tud zo e boaz. «Diskouez a ra pegen tomm eo £29.99. Gwerzhet eo gant Tor Mark Press Breizh o deus bet digarez da sellet ouzh film filmaozerien ha filmgarourien Kernev-Veur (www.tormark.co.uk). Brett Harvey pa oa bet pedet d’e ziskouez da ouzh ar Gouel, ha trugarekaat a rankomp geñver un diviz war ar filmañ a oa aozet er fealded ha brokusted hon faeroned a zo deuet Summary CRBC e Brest e-kerz an nevez amzer evel kustum» eme Ben Read, Kadoriad ar A short article concerning the new edition of tremenet. Gouel. Chañs vat ta da Ouel Filmoù Kernev the Cornish dictionary, written by the E-kerz an dibenn sizhun e voe diskouezet Veur ‘ta. Cornish Language Board and translated by filmoù liesseurt gant filmaozourien ar vro ha M. Baudu Ken George.

Carn 5 The prophecies of Merzhin came from Geoffrey of (12thC.). Is Geoffrey UDB + Greens of Monmouth Welsh or a Breton from DOL, e-Breizh? Is “ G. ”, as he often signed beat the SP!!! his texts, one of those who crossed the channel with the Conqueror? As most of them he got some , in Wales The financial crisis has created a new era after Hastings (1066). Anyway, Breizh was for a new electorate of nearly 500 million concern by the prophecies as Wales & inhabitants: the EU. The results of the Scotland. They were important because European parliament gave few surprises - the people like Yann Monfort(1364), Llewelyn winners were … the conservative parties, ap Gruffydd(1282), Robert Bruce(1315) or despite the financial crisis!!! (1400) fought their “usual” In the state of it’s personal satisfac- enemies in the name of Merzhin’s tion for the president Nicolas Sarkozy who prophecies. The psychologist Jung did a good job as Euro-president. He fought understood the prophecies as pre-existing hard against the Russians during the war ideas or thoughts called archetypes. They are with Georgia. A personal fight for this man, instinctive. In the past a lot of people have whose roots are from Hungary during the realized prophecies with placebo pills or Soviet era. Otherwise, the president’s party, Rosenthal tests. Yannick Jadot, UMP, did quite well against the National ’ theorem says: “if people see Former Greenpeace activist Front and Libertas, on the far right… situations are real, they are in their The movements came on the left, especial- consequences…” The prophecies are part of one year before the regional elections. ly e Breizh, where the Greens joined with the the management skills used during crisis Therefore, in less than ten years they are in a regionalist UDB (on the Europe Ecologie because individuals need to cope with new good position to have regional MPs. If both list) to beat the Socialist Party (SP). For the challenges in unstable situations. During a Strollad-Breizh and UDB (+ Greens) will very first time the new parties (<30 years) crisis a manager needs a VISION keep up their own dynamism, then the next with a European background did as well immediately and for the future… elections e Breizh, in 2010, should be very (gaining 2 MPs) as the old SP, where per- Joz LeBihan, a former teacher for business interesting. sonalities are more important than policies, schools, started with an overhaul view of Gi Keltik for the moment. In the western electoral area civilizations’ history. After the credit crunch of the French state (Breizh + Vendée + we need new challenges for our globalised Poitou-Charentes) the 2 MPs for the / world because “harmony in globalisation” is UDB coalition are former Greenpeace gone. N. Taleb thinks that the financial crisis activist Yannick Jadot, and Nicole Kiil- Breizh’s Vision for was the 1st one, of a new list. Now we need Nielsen of the Greens. It’s also worth men- to rebuild the production system, which tioning that Dany Cohn-Bendit, founder of means a lot of new challenges… the Europe Ecologie coalition, was a real the 21st Century D. Rothkoph from The Carnegie European leader… Foundation thinks that we are now in a new The other surprise of the election was the Part 1 era in which the links between the global poor results of the Mouvement Démocrate warming and the energy needed will change (MoDEM). E Breizh, MoDEM are the 3rd Ten months after the Financial Big Bang, a lot of situations, in all kind of fields. party but with a new technocrat at the top the Lokarn-Institute Conference was very History of earlier civilisations gives us the they gained only 8% of the vote, and one well attended for the 2nd Summer- opportunity to look to the past in order to MEP in Strasburg. A lot of democrats University about Breizh vision for the understand the junctions in History. switched to real European leaders and there- future… For example, in the 16th C. China was fore voted for the Green / UDB list. This ahead of Europe, for various reasons and the change is important for the future in our The Lokarn-Institute (= .I.) is the most mandarins’ leaders decided to stop business region, and also in Europe as a whole, if the important think-tank in Breizh. The new with the outside world. They sank their own Green parties are the third grouping after the generation of managers made a good attempt ships and put aside all technical EPP and the Socialists. The competition for last year. Gaëtan Bourge, Yann Morin, Jakez improvements… third place today e Breizh is between A.Stephan and their friends worked hard with MoDEM and the Green / UDB coalition. The the board and the strategic committee by addition of the Breton national party made a Joz LeBihan, in order to secure this second good mixture to grab open minded voters in summer-university favour of Peace Processes, e Breizh and all With more than 150 managers this annual over the Celtic . Therefore the ques- RDV is now on track for a few years… An tion is…should the Celtic nationalist parties important success based on celtic values e- (UDB + MK + Plaid + SNP + SF + …) work Breizh. President Alan Glon, welcomed a hand in hand with the green parties, our com- strong delegations from Asia (Japan, China, mon ground being – Nature ??? Vietnam, etc…). Another surprise of the Euro-Vote e Breizh The opportunity to see if we can develop was the 2.5% of the brand new nationalist business in the globalised world. party Strollad Breizh (Breton Party), found- The event began on Thursday 27th August ed in 2002. This centre-right party, cam- with an historical and cultural introduction of paigning in the five départements of Breizh, Merzhin’s prophecies by Yann-Berr LeMat. demonstrated that Breton voters are ready This engineer, who is working in the farming for a regional party instead of a Democrat industry, is the author of: “History of Jean-Jacques Henaff courtesy party with state goals only. This election has ”, which is in English. So, it’s a must (Courtesy ARMOR-Magazine) been a huge opportunity for Strollad-Breizh for all members of the Celtic League. continued on page 7

6 Carn continued from page 6 It’s only after WWII that the Chinese leaders changed this strategy. Therefore, Deng Xiao Ping speech announcing the end Kann Al Loar 2009 of communism was a starting point for a new era. Japan who made the same mistake as Lùnasa gave its moonlight to Landerne’s moon China, but over a shorter period, is now ahead of the 4th technological revolution. How is the Celtic-Tiger doing? ‘The country is going down hill’ according to the writer Herve This century new technologies on the WEB Jaouen. Anyway a lot of young tigers were born from this wild animal, including musicians and allowed the financial markets to be open for dancers and they are nowadays ready for the show… 24hours a day, Business is going faster and faster! As far as China is the 3rd GDP in the Lùnasa world it’s possible to imagine technological transfer happening in Asia. What about E.U.? What about the USA? In 2007, Goldman Sachs forecast that by 2030 the GDP of China would be rated 1st in the world just ahead of USA. The main problem is the weakness of the politicians. They mainly exist through their showbiz periods of office for a short time. “The politicians live in the moment and do not act for the future,” said, Max Weber. Globalisation will need new common values. Wait and see how the will cope with these new challenges! Jean-Jacques Henaff vice-president of the L.I., started with Merzhin’s prophecies, not only to reflect on the past but also to see what we can learn from it and how to use it in the future. A VISION for a manager is a Some while ago Herve, Bellec, and Kris a cartoonist hosted a talk show about Ireland and was challenge to open his mind to the new the guest star of Kann Al Loar 2009. ‘Ireland is not Island even if there are problems with the world…to the new technologies. The money loaned by the banks’ said H. Jaouen, author of the book ‘Suite Irlandaise’. manager must share common goals with his In the western suburb of the city, in the quarter of St. Ernel, the group Full Step expended a lot teams in the long term and develop a strategy of energy on stage, just before their cousins from the shamrock world, Lùnasa performed. All focused on actions with a strong will to types of instruments could be heard, flutes, bodhrans, bagpipes, stringed instruments and so on. achieve the goals. Nowadays, in a globalised ‘We promote our loved country’ said Gevin Crawford, the whistle player for Lùnasa. world, regional values must be shared at a world level. The Breton people hold good Short plays in the Family-Hall… values today, which they must share with In a packed agenda some twenty one-man shows were welcomed to perform in a brand new others to realise a good future. “The VISION Family-Hall. Their texts were written by themselves, their teachers or grandfathers. Herve is the will to be” J. Paitra said in 2000, at L.I. Lossec, the animator, in charge of the show, was extremely efficient and made sure that the So J.J.Henaff’s hope for Breizh to be actors stuck to the timetable. Of course everyone had a lot to tell the audience. Amaury Beyer beautiful, rich, open to the world and with a and Romain Guillerm felt and looked confident on stage. The audience brought the (Hall) house strong sense of solidarity and down following the performance of two young Breton speaking teenagers, who later got the humanitarianism... Breizh believed in J. award for their sketch about a farmer met a fisherman…it was a lot of fun to see their act. With Verne (Naoned: 1828), when he said: “all only one hour of brezhoneg each week, plus some coaching by the teacher and their things a man can imagine, other men will…” grandparents these two are ready to take part in the winter night shows all over Breizh. In order to introduce next chapter, on Asia, Cauliflower and Chapel Kerizinen played with Marsel Berrou and they won the award in the L.I.’s Chairman, Alan Glon, told them that: adult section. The second award went to Alfoñs Ragenez for his play about ‘The little sheep’. “we put imagination into our products”. The third award went to a well-known comedian, Eus Plougin, that’s to say Mikael Conq… Breizh is also strong on “tracking foods” and “safe products”. Something that is also continued on page 8 important in Asia today. After explaining the importance of the Halal business in the Amaury Beyer and Muslim world, and a videoconference with Romain Guillerm Vietnam, the PM of Malaysia signed an agreement between Lokarn-Institute and the agronomic University of Kula Lumpur In October. Another agreement was reached between Produet e-Breizh (PEB) & Benefiq-Asia in order to create new businesses in Singapore, which means that this body will be the centre for all the Breton farming industry in Asia. Then KL University responded to confirm their commitment to the same values and motives, which underpin Breizh’s outlook on the tracing and safety on food in the future. Part 2 concludes in the next issue of Carn.

Carn 7 create an Armorican Breton branch of the Vari Kerloc’h, “making us part of the grand Welsh college. His tentative steps alas long totality. There is not, to our eyes, an of past. But the challenge was awoken again in absolute and intangible frontier between 1889 by eminent literary men who were all spirit and matter.” more or less involved in the Breton Regional It is no surprise then that for Per-Vari Union, the embryo of a Breton political Kerloc’h and his friends, Gweltaz Ar Fur or movement. In Guincamp, in the inn of the Gilles Servat, nature, the forests, the sea, the Founded in 1792, the Welsh neodruidic Widow Le Falher, on returning from an elements in the largest sense, must be a movement has known an important enchanting trip to , Anatole Le Braz sacred heritage to pass on to future development on both sides of the English author of “The Legend of the Death of generations. Besides, for many years, the Channel. The Goursez of Druids, and Armorican Bretons”, with Taldir Jeffrenon members of the Goursez have habitually Ovates of the Breton peninsular, its author of “Bro Goz ma zadoù”, the national participated in divers pilgrimages and continental branch, has taken on quite a large anthem of Brittany, and the academic, traditional visits like Troménie de Locronan degree of autonomy and evolved into a form Charles Le Goffic and others, inaugurated of which Donatien Laurent has given of Celtic spiritualism. Carn has met the new the “Goursez of druids, bards and Ovates of evidence of its very ancient character, cosmic Grand /Per-Vari Kerloc’h. the peninsular of Brittany”. This was an and solestial. This is not always without This summer, at the culmination of the sun, association, which enjoyed a certain prestige friction with the local , who has a the Gorsez of druids, bards and Ovates of in the first half of the 20th Century. Today jaundiced view of the re-appropriation by the Brittany blew out its hundred candles. A the Goursez, as in all Breton and Celtic neo-druids of a heritage, which has been respectable age, which makes it the doyen of history, has known the crisis of schism. Neo- recovered and christianised by force of blows druidic, or rather neo-druidic, colleges on the druidic colleges have appeared here and “of stoles and sprinklers”. But in the interests continent. The tradition was interrupted there, in a more or less spontaneous manner. of all, and especially the local population, from the moment when the “very wise” were But the old association created by Le Braz those who participate with faith and constrained, under the double impact of an and his friends continues to follow its path. enthusiasm, encircle the around Men empire which arose a thousand years ago and It works hand-in-hand with its big Welsh Gazeg, that old stone of fertility and the a religion with a universal calling, to take brother and little Cornish sister appearing in Mountain of Locranan, which was sacred refuge in the depths of the forests, or as in 1927, whilst still enjoying autonomy of long before being holy. Ireland, in the shadows of the scriptoria … action. Even if Per-Vari Kerloc’h had certain Was some of their knowledge and their individual contacts with members of diverse spirituality discretely transmitted through masonic lodges there was no official link certain “far sighted” monks such as Bernard with some societies in France, whether in the of Clairvaux? Or through Freemasonry at field of or spirituality. “And then they first practical and then speculative appearing make their ceremonies under cover, in a with our Scottish cousins and later through closed temple, whereas for us the veritable the mouths of the wandering bards, such as temple, the receptacle of the sacred, is the Theodore Hersart de Villemarqué thought? forest!” Little or no official contacts either It is definitely possible. with the other neo-druidic “clearings” and In the 18th Century, in the Pommier despite certain tentative approaches: “I don’t Tavern in , the three controls of neo- really believe in a druidic ecumenism,” druids were born, who have since had many declares Per-Vari Kerloc’h. “We are not all children, more or less legitimate and on the same plan.” recognised. The first two, John Toland and Numerically the Breton neo-druids, of all tendencies, do not regroup into larger Henry Hurle rapidly evolved towards a Per-Vari Kerloc’h spiritual society for the first and a mutualist battalions to organise some future Druidic Republic of Brittany. But one of the great one for the second. The third, the of “We are a society of thought, not really works of the new Grand Druid is that of , founded in 1792, rapidly religious but spiritual,” declared Per-Vari legibility. “It will be necessary to think about took an important role in the coordination of Kerloc’h, Grand Druid Morgan after re-founding the statutes to give them more the cultural activities of the country. Gwenc’hlan Le Scouézec rejoined Arthur democracy.” The visit to , and reception and his Knights on the Isle of in Whilst waiting, greater and greater into the stone circle, of the young Viscount 2008. “It is that which differentiates us from numbers of them in Breton civil society are Theodore Hersart de Villemarqué in 1838 our Welsh and Cornish brothers, even if the calling on these sons of the oak for certain led to an enthusiasm for, and incitement to, cultural aspect remains clearly present and private ceremonies of baptism or . the expression of our druidism transcends The motivations of these new “faithful” are the Breton culture. But we are not exactly in Kann Al Loar 2009 – continued from page 7 various. But the research into the sacred and the position initiated by Taldir. We no longer Ceili in St. Ernel wishing to renew links with the Celtic pretend to represent entire Breton cultural Nasadh means moon in August, which civilisation of their ancestors is playing an movement. The Goursez must, here in offers a lot of happy moment for everybody. ever-greater role in the spontaneous Brittany, meet its esoteric and initiating During this month there should be a lot of approaches. But then, “The Goursez is not a role.” positive energy on the agenda. It was proselytising society. We respect the enchanting to be able to join in the set- commitments and reasons of everyone.” Philosphy, Esotericism, Spiritualism but dancing under the coaching of Tim O’Neill – Druidism, this thousand year old ancient not a “religious” spirit, nor still less that of light feet, flying lightly across the floor wisdom, ought it to be dressed in new clothes “dogmatism”, for Per-Vari Kerloc’h who thanks to the music of KerO’zen. Wonderful which will allow them to be imposed on the seeks to underline the fundamental is probably the best word to describe the 21st Century and the ruins of ideologies differences between druidism and show and céili at St.Ernel where the Bretons surrounded by iron and barbed-wired and , the one defending a vision of a were able to experience an enchanting that of Judaeo-Christianity more and more monotheistic world and the other being more moment with Ireland . messed about? in the essence of pantheism. GiK Thierry Jigourel “We are part of the divine,” contends Per- Courtesy Frank Bodenes/ Ya!

8 Carn gymuned. Bu ymatebion cadarnhaol gan Dylan Edwards (cynghorydd lleol) a Dyfed Edwards (Arweinydd Cyngor ) a’ gynulleidfa o dros 100 o bobl, ac mae Cymru Cymdeithas yr Iaith yn gobeithio bydd cymunedau eraill â diddordeb i gydweithio ar gynllun tebyg. Dywedodd Hywel Griffiths, Cadeirydd grŵp ymgyrch Cymunedau Rhydd Cymdeithas yr Iaith: ‘Yn y cyfarfod Cymdeithas yn condemnio penderfyniad hwn ’roeddwn yn edrych am ffyrdd o rymuso Cofnodion Uniaith Saesneg y Cynulliad a sbarduno ein cymunedau lleol fel eu bod yn eu hadfywio eu hunain a hynny oddi mewn i ganllawiau’r Cynlluniau Datblygu Lleol.’ Mae Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg yn cael bod y cyfieithu yn rhy ddrud a dyna’r union Pŵerau llawn dros y Gymraeg i Gymru: cyngor cyfreithiol i weld a oes modd herio ddadl a ddefnyddir gan y sector breifat dros ‘Roedd 200 o bobl wedi ymuno â penderfyniad Comisiwn y Cynulliad beidio â defnyddio’r Gymraeg. Chymdeithas yr Iaith ar faes yr i ddechrau Awst i roi’r gorau i gynhyrchu “Mae’n drist meddwl bod Llywydd y rybuddio Llywodraeth y Cynulliad bod yr fersiwn Cymraeg o drawsgrifiadau Cynulliad yn rhan o’r penderfyniad hwn amser yn prinhau i fedru trosglwyddo’r cyfarfodydd llawn y Cynulliad gan ei fod yn adlewyrchiad o feddylfryd pŵerau dros y Gymraeg cyn yr etholiad Cenedlaethol. Dywedodd Dafydd Morgan trefedigaethol a thaeogaidd sydd yn gwbwl nesaf. Rhybuddiwyd bod y Gweinidog o brif swyddfa’r Gymdeithas: annheilwng o wlad sy’n mynnu ei bod yn Treftadaeth yn euog o beidio â gwneud mwy “Yr ydym wedi cwyno mewn llythyr at y trin y Gymraeg a’r Saesneg yn gyfartal. i sicrhau Gorchymyn mwy eang, a’r Comisiwn ynglŷn â’r mater hwn eisoes. Yn “Ond fel y pwysleisiais ar y dechrau ein nod Ysgrifennydd Gwladol yn euog o rwystro y llythyr hwnnw bu i ni bwysleisio bod y yn awr fydd ystyried a oes modd herio’r taith y Gorchymyn. penderfyniad yn dangos gwendid yn y penderfyniad hwn yn gyfreithiol gan ein Fe wnaeth degau o fynychwyr y brotest wei- Ddeddf Iaith bresennol lle mae cyrff yn bod o’r farn bod y Comisiwn wedi torri’r thredu’n uniongyrchol ar faes yr Eisteddfod gallu creu polisïau iaith ac yna eu gyfraith.” drwy osod sticeri ar stondin Llywodraeth y hanwybyddu yn llwyr. Cynulliad. Roedd y sticeri yn cyfleu’r neges “Bu i ni hefyd bwysleisio bod hyn yn gosod Summary: bod y Gorchymyn Iaith fel y mae yn rhy gul, esiampl wael i gyrff eraill yn y sector Cymdeithas yr Iaith have condemned a ac yn rhwystro ffordd pobl Cymru at eu gyhoeddus i anwybyddu eu Cynlluniau decision by the Commission of the hawliau i’r Gymraeg. Dywedodd llefarydd Iaith a dechrau cwtogi ar eu gwasanaethau National Assembly to stop producing yn siarad tu allan i stondin y Llywodraeth: dwyieithog gan ddefnyddio penderfyniad y Welsh versions of the minutes for full “Yr her i’r Gweinidog Treftadaeth yw i Cynulliad fel esgus dros wneud hynny. Assembly meetings, saying that this sets ddeddfu er mwyn gwneud gwahaniaeth fel y “Yn yr un modd tybiem y gallai mae deddfu wedi gwneud gwahaniaeth mewn penderfyniad y Comisiwn gael effaith yr un a dangerous precedent for other public meysydd eraill o anghydraddoldeb. Os ydym mor andwyol ar y sector breifat gan fod bodies to ignore their own Language ni eisiau gweld mwy o hawliau i’r Gymraeg, pwysau ar hyn o bryd ar iddynt hwythau Plans. Cymdeithas are seeking legal rhaid i ni enwi’r rhai sy’n eu gwadu nhw, eu fabwysiadu polisïau dwyieithog hefyd. Yn advice on the legality of this decision. cywilyddio nhw, a’u herio nhw bob cam o’r eu hateb i ni mae’r Comisiwn yn mynnu ffordd.” Cynllunio logo’r Coleg Ffederal ar Faes yr Eisteddfod: Ddydd Llun y 3ydd o Awst, roedd Eisteddfod Cymdeithas yr Iaith Cymdeithas yr Iaith yn lansio cystadleuaeth logo ar gyfer y Coleg Ffederal Cymraeg y Trafod ein Cymunedau Cymraeg a degau yn lunio dros eu , a defnyddio’r cynl- mae Llywodraeth y Cynulliad yn dweud eu gweithredu’n uniongyrchol yn erbyn y lun fel arf i ymateb i fygythiadau i’r bod yn y broses o’i sefydlu. ‘Roedd Llywodraeth – gweithgareddau Cymdeithas Angharad Tomos - cartwnydd ac aelod yr Iaith yn ystod Eisteddfod Genedlaethol blaenllaw o’r Gymdeithas - yn bresennol yn 2009 yn y Bala. uned y Gymdeithas ar y Maes i gynnal gwei- Cafodd Cymdeithas yr Iaith wythnos fyrly- thdy ar gyfer myfyrwyr y dyfodol ar lunio mus arall ym mis Awst eleni yn herio’r logo. Esboniodd llefarydd y Gymdeithas ar Llywodraeth am y Gorchymyn Iaith ynghyd addysg, Ffred Ffransis: “Er mwyn cynyddu’r â thrafodaeth ddeinamig ar Faes yr ymwybyddiaeth bod y Coleg ar fin dod o’r Eisteddfod am sut i greu cymuned Gymraeg diwedd, ‘rydym yn trefnu cystadleuaeth am gynaliadwy. logo’r sefydliad newydd, gan wahodd pobl i Mercher Awst 5ed: alw yn ein huned ar Faes yr Eisteddfod Cafwyd ymateb da iawn gan gynghorwyr sir trwy’r wythnos i lunio cynigion.“ a’r gynulleidfa ym Mhabell y Cymdeithasau mewn cyfarfod arbennig i drafod sut i greu Cymuned Gymraeg Gynaliadwy. Bu Carl Summary: Clowes yn sôn am sut y llwyddodd Antur An account of Cymdeithas yr Iaith activities Aelhaearn i osod yr hinsawdd iawn am adfy- for the language on the field of the National wio cymuned Gymraeg yn Llanaelhaearn yn Eisteddfod in August, including a public y ‘70au. Esboniodd Ffred Ffransis am gynl- meeting about creating sustainable Welsh- lun newydd, Cynllun Adfywio Cymunedol, speaking communities, a protest rally sy’n cael ei ffurfio ar hyn o bryd wrth i against the deficiencies of the Welsh-lan- Gymdeithas yr Iaith gydweithio â chy- guage LCO, and an extension of the cam- munedau Penllyn. Amcan y cynllun yw i Dyfed Edwards paign for a Welsh-medium federal university bobl cymuned rymuso ei hunain drwy gynl- (Arweinydd Cyngor Gwynedd) college.

Carn 9 Irish phone Cumbrian Welsh – inspires Welsh an update gan Colin Lewis language mobile

Last year (Carn 140, 141, 142) when evidence for its spelling and writing about Cumbrian Welsh, I wrote pronunciation. that Wikipedia, the on-line encyclopaedia, had mentioned that there was an Here are some of these differences: embryonic language revival Welsh ‘oe’ changes to Cumbric ‘ai’ e.g. movement. It also mentioned that there Welsh ‘coed’ (trees) becomes Cumbric was some disagreement, with two possible ‘caith’. Here the Welsh final ‘d’ has also choices being suggested for the revival to changed to Cumbric ‘th’ e.g. Cumbric take. One view held that the revived ‘Penrith’ Welsh ‘Pen rhyd’ ( main river language be based on the of crossing). Aneurin and , whilst a second view was that, by the time of its demise, some Welsh final ‘dd’ also becomes Cumbric 700 years later, Cumbrian Welsh would ‘th’ e.g. Welsh ‘blaidd’ (a wolf) becomes have markedly diverged from the Welsh of Cumbric ‘blaith’. Wales and become a separate language, Welsh ‘’ becomes Cumbric ‘lh’ e.g. and that this Late Cumbrian should be the Welsh ‘Lloegr’ (England) becomes The S5600 includes predictive basis for the revived language. Cumbric ‘Lhaigr’. texting in Welsh. A third option, which I put forward, was to use the direct successor to the language of Welsh ‘ou’ and ‘au’ become Cumbric Samsung has launched the world’s first Aneurin and Taliesin, namely the modern ‘ow’ e.g. Welsh ‘cogau’ (cuckoos) Welsh language mobile phone, inspired by Welsh of Wales with its rich literature, becomes Cumbric ‘cogow’. the success of its ‘Gael Fón’ in Ireland. culture, and media accessibility. Perhaps The company, in partnership with operator Welsh ‘ae’ changes to Cumbric ‘ai’ and Orange, will make its S5600 mobile phone understandably, the revival, led by former Welsh ‘sb’ changes to Cumbric ‘sp’ web-producer Anthony Harrison, has available in Wales from 1 . The Welsh final ‘g’ changes to Cumbric final phone offers all options in Welsh as well as chosen the second path as a starting point ’c’. for revived Cumbric, or Cwmbraic as Mr predictive texting in the Celtic language. Harrison calls the language. “This is another first for Samsung Mobile Here is a sample sentence taken from the following the launch of the new ‘Cumbric Revival’ entry in phone in 2008,” Samsung vice president for CWMBRAIC Wikipedia; At the time of my article the revival UK and Ireland, Mark Mitchinson, said. consisted of word lists published on the “Cwmbraic yw’r eno yath P-Celtic a’r yin “That was enormously successful. The Web. However in May this year, Mr planth val Cwmrayc (Cymraeg), appetite is definitely there and we’re Harrison, as Anthony ap Anthony o Cernewec,ac Brethonec. Cwmbraic extremely proud and deeply honoured to be , published a 440 page book leidasa achrais yr Alban, Cleth y Laigre, part of this ground-breaking initiative.” introducing the revived language, called ac cleth parthow Canol y Laigre.” Samsung launched its Irish language enabled ‘The Dragon’s Voice’. The book, available Tocco phone last year and has said it will Translation: “Cwmbraic is the name of a on his website, is the result of years of include the ‘Gael Fón’ option on all new P-Celtic Language of the same family as study on Mr Harrison’s part, and it is mobiles it launches in Ireland. Welsh, Cornish and Breton. Cwmbraic possible that, just as ’s used to be spoken in across Scotland, the ‘Handbook of the Cornish Language’ North of England and northern parts of the started the Cornish Language revival in the Welsh wins its place at English Midlands.” early 20th century, so too might Mr the European Harrison’s book do the same for Cumbric, COMMENT or Cwmbraic in its revived form, in the Commission It is perhaps understandable that the early 21st century. revival has chosen a reconstructed Late Plaid MEP welcomed the news in Cumbrian as a basis for ‘Cwmbraic’. WHAT IS CWMBRAIC LIKE? July that Welsh-speakers would henceforth Although it lacks the literary base of the Revived Cumbric/Cwmbraic, being be able to correspond with the European earlier language of Aneurin and Taliesin, it derived from the classical Welsh of Commission in Welsh. This change followed is more uniquely Cumbrian in accent and Aneurin and Taliesin, is still similar to a long campaign by Ms Evans to improve the character and therefore more acceptable to modern Welsh. However, Cwmbraic status of the Welsh language at European modern Cumbrians seeking their roots. differs in that it retains some grammatical level. Hopefully, however, as Cwmbraic is so features that are now archaic in Welsh, She commented “I’m pleased that we’ve similar to Welsh, those learning it may more like Bishop Morgan’s Biblical Welsh taken another step forward in boosting the also wish to gain a nodding acquaintance e.g. ‘mi a mwnd’ instead of modern Welsh status of the Welsh language at European with modern Welsh as well in order to ‘rydw i’n mynd’, and draws on local level and raising the profile of Wales. It’s right share in our common cultural traditions. , in Cumbria and southern Scotland, that Welsh-speakers should deal with the for some of its vocabulary. Also there is a European Commission in their language. I am Find out more about the Cumbrian noticeable difference from Welsh in how continuing to push the European Parliament Language Revival at the language sounds, with Cwmbraic to adopt better rules which allow the use of www.thedragonsvoice.co.uk and drawing on both dialect and place-name Welsh. I will be taking this up with the new www.cumbricrevival.com. President of the Parliament to be elected next week.“

10 Carn the Vice-chancellors of the other Brits block Welsh-Argentinean establishments.” But the main challenge now lies in the lap of the . visits to Wales “The Government must now act quickly to MPs have launched a budget in order to realise the promise of a campaign following extensive public Welsh-medium Federal College. Prof. reaction to the plight of two young women Williams’s recommendation to establish such from Y Wladfa (the Welsh colony), a Federal College must be put into practice , , who wanted to travel before the end of the present Assembly term to Wales earlier this year to visit the land of rather than dragging its heels. But their ancestors and improve their Welsh, Cymdeithas yr Iaith are calling on the having arranged to stay with Welsh-speaking Government to go even further than the acquaintances. They were refused entry to report’s recommendations in relation to the Britain at Heathrow airport, London, by autonomy of the new establishment within British border officials who rejected the the education sector.” reasons they gave for their visit. It was Cymdeithas believe that establishing a reported anecdotally that one official had Welsh-medium Federal College is an never heard of the Welsh language. Elfyn MP important step in the task of creating a Llwyd MP ( Nant Conwy) and complete Welsh-medium education that will, MP () first in turn, be a key part of creating a completely raised the plight of Evelyn Calcabrini and Cymdeithas bilingual workforce in Wales. There is Shirley Edwards at Welsh Questions in the increasing demand in Wales for specialists in House of Commons in the spring. The Welcomes Report their fields who can work through the Wales-Argentina Society then set up a fund medium of both Welsh and English - from for the two young women and hopes that on Welsh nursing to rural conservation, to speech enough money will be available to travel to Language College therapists. A Federal College will be a Wales in time for the National Eisteddfod in substantial contribution towards Wales’s August. However their second application, economy and the status of the language. made while they were in Argentina, was also On the day Professor Robin Williams’s blocked by the border agency. Apparently recommendations to the Education Minister they had been “blacklisted” on account of about the Government’s policy on the Cymdeithas the first refusal. establishment of a Welsh medium Federal Elfyn Llwyd MP said: “Many people have college were published, Cymdeithas yr Iaith condemn USA ban become acquainted with the case. When welcomed some of the strong Evelyn Calcabrini’s story was first related to recommendations of the report and called on on Welsh Folk-Singer me – I was absolutely appalled. What this the Government to establish a robust multi- young lady was subjected to as an invited site College with a substantial budget. visitor to Wales is shocking. Evelyn is a 20- Rhys Llwyd, Cymdeithas spokesperson on year-old resident of Patagonia, which is an a Welsh-medium Federal College, said: area of Argentina. Like many in the area, she “We are extremely happy that Robin speaks Welsh and Spanish. Williams’s report has recommended that a “Evelyn travelled for over 36 hours from new independent establishment be created to Patagonia to Buenos Aires and then on to develop Welsh-medium education in the London Heathrow. She was detained for higher education sector. Both Cymdeithas several hours inexplicably, and eventually and Students’ Unions have argued this for turned away by the border authorities and years now and are glad that Prof. Williams Arfon Gwilym not given a reason as to why she was being has come to realise that this is the only deported. Similarly, Shirley Edwards was credible option to increase the Welsh- Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg sent a letter to recently dispatched in similar circumstances. language provision in this sector. the US Embassy concerning a shameful In that instance, it was alleged that she had Cymdeithas are also pleased that the report decision not to allow folk singer Arfon Gwilym no work to go back to, implying that she stipulates that such developments should be to enter the USA to take part in the might stay as an illegal immigrant instead of adequately financed.” Smithsonian Folklife Festival. This is because returning home. However Cymdeithas are concerned about of a criminal record he acquired as a result of “Even if this was true, does this now mean the relationship between the proposed his involvement in campaigns connected with that every single young person, student or Federal College and the present Universities. Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg. otherwise, from outside of the EU should be Rhys Llwyd again : Dafydd Lewis, speaking on behalf of refused entry? Clearly these excuses are “Although I understand that it is of central Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg said: invalid and ridiculous. importance that the new Education “Arfon Gwilym has played a key role in the “I am going to campaign vigorously to establishment should co-operate on every struggle for the future of the Welsh language ensure that this injustice is put right and that level with the present Universities, and it is a matter of great shame, that he is, visitors to Wales are never treated like Cymdeithas believe that there is a danger because of this, banned from going to the criminals. I would also like to see Evelyn that people could misinterpret the report’s of America. Not only has he and Shirley warmly welcomed back which is words to mean that the Federal College been a prominent language campaigner but something that this fund will hopefully make would be a subordinate body, some kind of his efforts to promote the folk-singing a reality. I will continue to champion this little brother to the present universities. It is tradition in Wales have been outstanding. cause in the Commons and with the Home of central importance that the new college Refusing him entry into the United States Office as I believe that this is an important should be of equal status to the other would be equivalent to the British government issue of principle with international Universities with its own Vice-Chancellor refusing Martin Luther King entry into Britain implications.” who will be of equal status in this sector as in the 1960s.”

Carn 11 Gaol for the Language – The Euro-elections in Cymru – the tradition continues Plaid hold their seat Ffred Ffransis, the veteran language campaigner, was sentenced to 5 days in prison at Magistrates court and was taken to Parc Prison, Penybont-ar-Ogwr/, . He had been arrested eight years previously his part in a protest against the Jill evans MEP (centre) language policies of chain stores in Heol y with Frieda Brepels Frenhines/Queen Street, Cardiff, part of the (Flanders) and campaign for a comprehensive Welsh (SNP), language measure which would include the President and private sector. He had not paid the fine Vice-Presidents of the because the attitude of these shops had not EFA Group in the changed. European Parliament. In a telephone conversation with his wife Meinir Ffransis during the imprisonment Ffred reported that there was no Welsh-language In June’s European parliament elections Jill people of Wales. I challenge the new UKIP provision in Parc prison. There were no Evans of Plaid Cymru held her seat comfort- member from Wales to reject the unconstruc- bilingual forms or signs and no Welsh . ably but Plaid could not gain a second of the tive tactics of his party and put the people of The court at Llanelli refused permission for four seats that make up Wales’s single four- Wales first.” Ffred to take his Welsh with seat constituency. The Conservative party In the reformed parliament Jill Evans has him to prison, saying that there would be also held their one seat. Labour lost one of become First Vice President of the at the Prison - but these were only in the two seats they held previously, which, Green/European Free Alliance Group (EFA). English. regrettably from our point of view, went to Ms Evans was elected as President of EFA Ffred also said that he had refused to sign the British nationalists of UKIP (the United which has formed a joint group with the the remission form which would allow him to Kingdom Independence Party, who stand for Greens since 1999 and automatically be releases after serving two thirds of his the abolition of the Welsh National becomes the First Vice President of the sentence, i.e. after three days, because the Assembly and Scottish parliament as well as group as a whole. form was in English only. He also said that he British withdrawal from the EU). The European Free Alliance was formed in had refused to fill an English-only form to In terms of votes the Conservative party 1981 to work for a Europe in which nations, request vegetarian food and was confined to came top with 21.8% (the first time ever they regions and language communities would eating only potatoes. have come top in an all-Wales election), have the right to their own identities and Although the prison is run by the private Group Labour took 20.3%, Plaid took 18.5% (their would work together to help shape a democ- 4 Company, they are answerable to the highest ever percentage in an all-Wales ratic and effective Union. EFA brings togeth- government and have a responsibility to have a vote), with UKIP on 12.8%, and the Liberal er like-minded parties from nations seeking Welsh-language policy. They have made no Democrats on 10.7%. independence or greater autonomy and those effort to serve the Welsh-speaking Plaid’s vote was an increase on the previ- campaigning for minority rights. though most of their prisoners come from Wales. ous 1999 election result though they dropped Speaking after her election Jill Evans said The above is once again proof of the need to from second place (behind Labour) to third. “I am honoured to have been elected to lead devolve fully the powers over the Welsh On a parliamentary constituency basis Plaid our parliamentary group at such an important language from London to Cardiff so that it will came first in seven of the forty constituen- time in Welsh and European politics. be possible to create a comprehensive Welsh cies. As well as in the seats they hold at “If the is to effectively Language Measure that will make the Westminster (Caernarfon, Meirionnydd Nant support us through the economic crisis and language official in Wales, giving Welsh Conwy, and East & Dinefwr, lead the way in fighting climate change then speakers the right to use their language in though boundaries will change for the next it needs the input of all of us. That includes every sector, and also to establish a language election) they came first in and Wales, Scotland, Catalonia, Corsica, commissioner. Ynys Môn (Plaid’s top two targets), and also Flanders, and all the nations and regions that Ffred has been sentenced to around 6 years in the Llanelli and Conwy seats (where the are not yet represented in their own right in in total over the last 40 years, and has served unionist hold at Westminster is stronger). the EU. around 4 years in prison. He has been Plaid already hold all these constituencies in “We believe the European Union has a key sentenced to prison a total of 8 times. Here are the National Assembly, but this is an encour- role to play in these issues as well as in he was sentenced to a lengthy aging sign for their prospects in next year’s defending human rights and contributing to period: 1987 (Cardiff court) - Campaigning for Westminster elections. international peace and disarmament. But it a body to develop Welsh-Language Education Following the election Plaid’s newly re- has to be a Europe in which people feel they (1 year - served 9 months) 1973 (Huddersfield elected MEP, Jill Evans said: matter. court) – Welsh-language channel (1 year – “Labour have been greatly punished by the “The European Parliament is a parliament served 9 months) 1971 (Mold Court) – Welsh- people of Wales for dismal record of their for Wales as much as the House of Commons MEPs before this election. I hope that all language channel (3 years - served 2 years) (in London) is, but it is seen as irrelevant and Welsh MEPs will now stand up for our coun- distant. The most effective way to reform It looks unlikely that sufficient powers in the try rather than blindly follow the instructions Europe is to base that reform on the real present process will be devolved with the LCO of their party machines in London. Europe that exists rather than on the so- to allow the National Assembly to pass a “Due to Labour’s huge drop in support, called states. strong enough language measure to change UKIP now have a Welsh MEP. That party “In my new role I will be working with the situation in Cardiff’s main shopping street. have so far decided to abstain as a matter of MEPs from across Europe and with the peo- How many more imprisonments will there be principle from voting in the European parlia- ple of Wales to achieve that reform.” until the language receives justice? ment – however important the issue is to the

12 Carn long amháin chomh déanach le 1911. D’fhág na Breatnaigh seo a lorg ar an bPatagóin ar níos mó ná bealach amháin. Bhunaigh siad bailte — leithéidí Trefelin Éire (“baile an mhuilinn”), Dol Afon (“cluain na habhann”) agus Trelew (“baile Lew” ainmnithe as duine de bhunaitheoirí an phobail den ainm Lew nó Lewis). Bhí siad sa tromlach in Gaiman agus Trelew go háirithe, An Bhreatnais sa Phatagóin ach deir Paul . Birt as Ollscoil Ottawa in Rebuilding the (Eag., B’fhéidir go mbeadh scéal eile ar fad ag na chur ar fáil saor in aisce in abhantracht an Diarmuid Ó Néill) gurbh é ceann de na laigí teangacha Ceilteacha dá n-éireodh leo a Chubut. Cuireadh beirt go dtí an Airgintín go raibh líon na mBreatnaiseoirí ag dul i dteangacha a bunú mar theangacha pobail sa leis an gceantar a mheas agus le haghaidh laghad i gcónaí mar chéadatán i suímh domhan úr. Tríd is tríd, thiontaigh cainteoirí comhchainteanna le hAire Gnóthaí Intíre na uirbeacha na dúiche. (Is é alt Birt faoi teangacha Ceilteacha ar an mBéarla hAirgintíne. Le linn dóibh a bheith ann Chubut ceann de na hailt is spéisiúla sa láithreach bonn nach mór tar éis dóibh dul ar b’éigean dá long fothain a ghlacadh ó stoirm leabhar sin.) Thug na Breatnaigh isteach an eisimirce. Tá dhá eisceacht uaidh sin, i gcuan i gceantar Chubut. Bhaist siad chéad chóras mór uisciúcháin san Airgintín Gaeilge na hAlban in Albain Nua, Ceanada Madyrn ar an gcuan agus is é agus chuir siad tús le machairí móra agus an Bhreatnais i bPatagóin na ainm oifigiúil na háite go dtí an lá inniu. Bhí cruithneachtan. Chuir siad comharchumann hAirgintíne. Ábhar iontas é scéal na cúis mhaith acu le bheith sásta lena bhfaca (Cwmni Masnachol Camwy) ar bun a mBreatnach sa Phatagóin agus mar a mhair siad agus leis na gealltanis ó na d’fheidhmigh mar bhanc chomh maith le háis an Bhreatnais ansin anuas go dtí an lá inniu hAirgintínigh. Chuaigh Jones agus a chairde díolacháin. Bhí thuas seal agus thíos seal más ar éigean é. Meastar go bhfuil 20,000 i mbun earcú daoine don tionscadal agus ann. Bhí deacrachtaí acu leis an aeráid: sna duine de shliocht Breatnaiseoirí i gcúige airgead a bhailiú chuige. Deir mórstaraí na 1890í nuair a scroiseadh an-chuid den talamh Chubut na Patagóine agus go bhfuil Breataine Bige, , go raibh le tuillte. Uaireanta eile bhí deacrachtaí acu Breatnais ar a dtoil ag 1,500 díobhsan ar a gnéithe tábhachtacha polaitiúla ag baint leis leis na húdaráis Airgintíneacha. Rinneadh laghad cé go luaitear líon chomh mór le an iarracht, go raibh sé i gceist insitiúidí iarracht coinscríobh a chur i bhfeidhm agus 5,000 i bhfoinse amháin. polaitiúla a bhunú agus gur léirigh sé sin go na fir óga a thabhairt isteach in arm na Cé gurbh í an Bhreatnais teanga fhormhór raibh náisiúnachas polaitiúil tagtha ar an hAirgintíne. Chuir siad go láidir ina choinne an phobail sa Bhreatain Bheag i lár an 19ú bhfód sa Bhreatain Bheag. “Éacht”, a thug sin agus sa deireadh thug uachtarán an tíre haois bhí sí faoi bhrú go mór ag an bhforás Sauders Lewis ar thionsadal Michael D. cead a gcinn dóibh. Bhí na hAirgintínigh tar tionsclaíoch agus ag an eisimirce gan trácht Jones. éis geallúint a thabhairt in 1865 go n- ar naimhdeas an stáit. Bhí fís ag Michael D Ba é an toradh air sin gur sheol 153 aithneofaí an choilíneacht Bhreatnach, Y Jones, seanmóirí agus scoláire as Bala, go Breatnaiseoirí — 52 díobh ina bpáistí — go Wladfa, mar stát de chuid na hAirgintíne a bhféadfaí pobal a lonnnú in áit éigin eile ar dtí an Phatagóin ar an in 1865. luaithe agus a bheadh daonra 20,000 duine domhan, áit nach mbeadh an Béarla i réim, Chuir siad fúthu i ngleann an Chubut (nó ann. Níor comhlíonadh an gheallúint sa dá bhféadfaí é. Cymru beag nua a bhí in Afon Camwy faoi mar a thug siad air). Ní deireadh mar bhí faitíos ar an hAirgintínigh intinn aige. Smaoinigh sé ar an Astráil, an raibh rompu ach pobal beag de mhuintir go dtabharfadh sé leithscéal do na Sasanaigh Nua-Shéalainn agus an Phalaistín mar ionaid dhúchasach na háite, na Tehuelche agus ar an chuid sin tíre a ghabháil faoi mar a ghabh dá phobal nua ach sa deireadh thiar thall ball d’fhás cairdeas idir an dá phobal. siad na Malvinas. Mar sin féin bhí an chinn sé ar dhíriú ar Phatagóin na Cuireadh leis an bpobal Breatnach nuair a Bhreatnais in úsáid sna cúirteanna agus sna hAirgintíne. Dhá rud a shocraigh ceist an tháinig 500 duine breise i 1875 agus tháinig scoileanna in Chubut go ceann glúine ar a tsuímh ina intinn, easpa Béarla sa dúcihe slua eile ón mBreatain Bheag go luath sna laghad. . agus go raibh rialtas na hAirgintíne fáilteach 1880í. Ba é an mór deireanach a chuir Buaileadh buille marfach beagnach don agus sásta 100 míle cearnach de thalamh a leis an bpobal an 120 duine a tháinig in aon phobal Breatnach le meathlú eacnamaíocht na 1930í nuair a cealaíodh an coigealtas a bhí déanta ag teaghlaigh leis na blianta fada. Tharla meath mór in úsáid na Breatnaise ag an tráth céanna. Bhí athrú tubaisteach teanga ann idir 1930 agus 1950. Spéisiúil go leor is beag teagmháil a bhí idir Y Wladfa agus an Bhreatain Bheag idir 1914 agus 1965, rud a lagaigh an pobal san Airgintín go mór. Bhí comóradh sa dá thír ar thuras an Mimosa i 1965 agus is ón bhliain sin ar aghaidh a tharla athbheochan ar an bhféiniúlacht Bhreatnach agus ar an mBreatnais féin sa Phatagóin. Tá an chuid is mó de dhaoine in Chubut a bhfuil Breatnais líofa acu anois thar an trí scór ach tuairiscítear go bhfuil an teanga fós i réim in an-chuid teaghlach i gceantair thuaithe an ghleanna, i mbaile Gaiman agus níos faide siar sna Andes i mbaile Trevelin agus in Cwm Hyfred (“an gleann álainn”). De dheasca obair a rinne an Dr Robert Owen Jones cuireadh tionscadal ar bun i 1997 le múinteoirí Breatnaise a chur ón mBreatain Bheag go dtí an Phatagóin. Ó shin i leith Continued on page 14

Carn 13 One accepts the result of the Lisbon re-run Lisbon Treaty Rerun – only Independent as a fact, but it is not a result that democrats need morally or politically to identify with or approve. This result does not have political Celtic State cedes its sovereignty legitimacy, whatever the voting percentages amount to, because of the fraudulent and The result of the second referendum on the undemocratic way in which the referendum Lisbon Treaty, held on 2nd October, is of was run, making it.unique in these respects course now widely know, 67% in favour, among the 30 or so referendums that have 33% against. The voter turnout was 58%. been held in Ireland since its Constitution The dangers of this treaty for the Republic of was adopted in 1937. Ireland and the influence of small states With limitless money provided by the within the European Union have been dealt Brussels Commission, the political parties in with in Carn many times, the most recent the European Parliament, the Irish being an article in Carn 143 (p15). In Government and private business firms, conclusion that article, referring to European Ireland’s Yes-side forces easily outspent the Union President, José Barosso, said “But Nos by at least ten to one in a referendum ultimately it seems he is putting his faith in campaign which was unique in modern Irish the economic crisis which he declared at an history for its massive unlawfulness and employment summit in Prague some weeks breaches of the country’s referendum law. ago was likely to make the vote There were at least six dimensions to this Yes in a second Lisbon referendum!” illegality: And so it happened. In fact all those on the 1) The intervention of the European Yes side and their media supporters declared Commission, entailing massive expenditure as much in their post referendum analyses of money to influence Irish opinion towards and reportage. So if they do not want what a Yes, the running of a web-site and the the result you gave them the first time make issuing of statements that sought to counter The appeal to retain independence and them vote again and scare them, democracy No-side arguments, and the advocacy of a defend the erosion of democracy was EU style. Not surprising in view of the Yes vote by Commission President Barroso swamped by the linking of recovery from amount of outside interference and the and other Commissioners and their staffs the economic crisis with a Yes vote. numbers of Yes groups the political and during visits to Ireland. This is unlawful business establishments set up and the under European law, as the Commission has barrage from self interested companies with the rerun was Sinn Féin, other NO groups no function in relation to the ratification of even the , despite its decline were vocal but numerically small. Libertas, new Treaties, something that is exclusively a in influence in recent decades, telling their on the right, who played a major part in the matter for the Member States under their flock that yes, it was ok to vote in favour of first referendum, came late to the campaign, own constitutional procedures; Lisbon 2!. The only political party to oppose having initially said they would not enter it 2.) The part funding of the posters and after their poor showing in the European press advertising of most of Ireland’s Yes- elections. Declan Ganley claimed the amount side political parties by their sister parties in Continued from page 13 of untruths been put out by the YES side the European Parliament, even though it is cuirtear triúr múinteoirí oilte in aghaidh na made him change his mind but in the end illegal under Irish law to receive donations bliana go dtí an Airgintín agus tá dea- their effort was too little too late. The media from sources outside the country in a thuairiscí ar a gcuid oibre, go háirithe maidir coverage was totally biased towards the Yes referendum and even though, under le foghlaimeoirí óga. Le blianta beaga anuas side. There is much more that could be said European law, money provided by the táthar tar éis teacht ar thuiscint go gcuidíonn about the whole conduct of the referendum European Parliament to cross-national an oidhreacht Bhreatnach leis an but the following statement from Anthony political parties is supposed to be confined to turasóireacht agus tá ainmneacha Breatnaise Coughlan of the National Platform sums informational-type material and to avoid le feiceáil ar óstáin, ar thaeshiopaí agus ar matters up pretty well. partisan advocacy; ghnóthais. Bíonn eisteddfod bliantúil ann cé “Not the will of the people, but the fear of 3) The Irish Government’s unlawful use go mbíonn níos mó Spáinnise ná Breatnais le the people, has led a majority of Irish voters of public funds in circulating to voters a cloisteáil ann ach tuairiscítear go bhfuil sé ag to approve ratifying the Lisbon Treaty in postcard with details of the so-called dul i méid mar institiúid. Agus féach go yesterday’s re-run referendum. Ireland’s “assurances” of the European Council, bhfuil craobh den Chonradh Ceilteach anois voters voted not on the content of Lisbon but followed by a brochure some time later ann! on membership of the EU, on fear of political containing a tendentious summary of the Colm de Faoite isolation if they did not say Yes to the same provisions of the Lisbon Treaty, as well as Treaty as they said No to last year, and on other material - steps that were in breach of Summary: This article outlines the the promise of jobs and economic recovery the 1995 Irish Supreme Court judgement in emigration from Wales of 153 Welsh which the Yes-side bullied and bamboozled McKenna that it is unconstitutional of the speakers led by Michael D. Jones to them into believing was they would get if they Government to use public funds to seek to Patagonia in 1865. They settled in the only voted Yes. Thus the bankrupt Irish obtain a particular result in a referendum; Chubut and were supplemented by political Establishment, which has ruined its 4) The failure of the country’s statutory some later waves of emigrants (up to 1911). country’s economy, has opted through Referendum Commission to carry out its Today there are some 20,000 of Welsh stupidity and fear to clamp an undemocratic function under the Referendum Act that descent there but the number of fluent Welsh Constitution on itself and most of Europe. established it of explaining to citizens how speakers (estimates vary) are said to be This year the will suffer the proposed constitutional amendment and between 1,500 and 5,000.The links re- a decline of nearly one-tenth in its economic its text would affect the Irish Constitution. established with Wales since the 60s are output; it will have a Budget deficit Instead the Commission’s Chairman, Judge described and the fact that a branch of the equivalent to 12% of GDP, an unemployment Frank Clarke, turned the Commission into an Celtic League has recently been founded rate of some 14% of its labour force and arm of Government propaganda, while the there. resumed net emigration from the country.

14 Carn judge indulged himself in various “solo- vacuum in Irish politics, as there is in many runs” on radio and in the newspapers, other EU countries, when all the Sligo hosts giving several erroneous explanations of “Establishment” political parties line up on provisions of the Lisbon Treaty, even though one side and so many of the country’s this was quite beyond his powers under the citizens are on the other. Act; Across Europe huge numbers of citizens 5) Huge expenditure of money by private are not being properly represented by those Every Celtic country is suffering an companies such as Intel and Ryanair to who have been elected to represent them. The onslaught on its heritage of age-old place- advocate a Yes vote, without any statutory coming period in history will see many names which are often replaced by relatively meaningless, badly thought-out neologisms in limit, in possible breach of Irish company attempts to fill this political vacuum, in (a kind of) English or French. Developers, and tax law, and undoubtedly constituting a Ireland and elsewhere.” house builders, roadbuilders and even local major democratic abuse; authorities are introducing nice pleasant 6) Breaches by the Irish broadcast media English-sounding names into areas with a rich of their obligation under the Broadcasting heritage of place-names. This was one of the Acts to be fair to all interests concerned in main complaints heard at this year’s Celtic their coverage of issues of public Congress in Sligo. Another complaint was the controversy and debate. Newstalk 106, anglicisation of names into forms which owned by Mr Denis O’Brien, a committed obliterated the original meaning. A further supporter of the Yes side, was quite universal complaint was the failure of shameless in its partisanship on its current authorities to ensure the correct spelling, or affairs programmes. the correct pronunciation was used. The 120 Democrats across Europe will now hope participants heard some of the leading experts that the brave President of the Czech on Celtic place-names and participated in two Republic, Vaclav Klaus, will hold back workshops on the subject. Czech ratification of the Treaty until the Hywel Wyn Davies reviewed a large variety constitutional challenge that has been of Welsh place-names from simple launched there is completed and there is a topographical descriptions to more change of Government in Britain by next complicated names, to places named after May. In that way the promise of a Of course the Treaty is not in force yet. The historical or mythological figures or natural referendum made to the in the last country to complete the process is the features or buildings. Labour Party’s Election Manifesto may yet Czech Republic and the Czech President has demonstrated the huge difference between be fulfilled under the Conservatives - refused to ratify it. A new challenge to the English place-names and those of Cornwall something that would give our fellow Treaty was launched in the Czech while George Broderick in his paper (read by countrymen and women in constitutional court and President Klaus said ) concentrated on what he called a chance of voting on this EU Constitution. he would not ratify the Treaty while this was the “pre-Scandanavian” names of Mann. In June the German Constitutional Court ongoing. Now he has introduced a new Simon Taylor showed how Scottish place- laid down that the basic principles of condition calling for an opt out resembling names derived from a number of languages in democracy required that there should be that secured by the UK and Poland granting that country and the proportion of, for parliamentary control of how Government them exemption from some parts of the example, Gaelic names, varied from region to Ministers from the EU Member States of Fundamental Rights. This is region. Jean-Yves Le Moing reviewed a long exercised various implementing powers driven it seems by fears that Czech Republic list of Breton place-names and cited linguistic under the Lisbon Treaty - for example the could be exposed to restitution claims on comparisons to these names in Cornish and “simplified revision procedure” of Article property confiscated from more then three Welsh and even the Gaelic languages. Art Ó 48 TEU whereby policy areas can be shifted million Germans expelled from Maolfabhail detailed the process of authentification of Irish place-names since from unanimity to majority voting without Czechoslovakia at the end of the second the original Ordnance Survey in the 19th need of new Treaties or referendums. world war. At this stage this could only be century. Germany instituted such parliamentary done by way of a declaration by EU leaders Music and song and dance play an important controls in September. Ireland has done so (similar to those given on neutrality, taxation part of every Celtic Congress regardless of in the Constitutional Amendment people and abortion to the Irish, not worth much in venue or academic theme. Participants were voted for yesterday. Similar parliamentary the end of the day) which is unlikely to satisfy Klaus and a request for any such well and truly entertained by the Scottish controls should now be sought through piper Calum Mac Coll from Lochaber; would have to come from the Czech Court actions in as many EU countries as Célestine ha from Brittany, Célestine government. The Eurocrats fear that Klaus possible in the interest of defending what is on the harp and Tristan on the diatonic will continue to withhold his signature until a left of democracy in Europe. accordion; Helen Adam, Welsh fiddler; Hazel Conservative government comes to power in If Lisbon however should go through and Curnow sang in Cornish and English; and the UK next year. come into force for all 27 States, giving the another gifted fiddler was Katie Lawrence post-Lisbon EU the constitutional form of a , the British Conservative from the . Ireland was well Federation and turning 500 million people Party leader has promised a referendum (the represented by Áine Ní Fhiannúsa, singer, into real EU citizens for the first time result of which is expected to be a foregone dancer and entertainer par excellence. without their being asked, that is bound to conclusion to reject) if the Treaty is not Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann organised a well make the question of national independence ratified by the time he becomes prime received evening of music. and democracy the main issue of European minister. It would be quite ironic if this Eoghan Mac Cormaic demonstrated his politics for years and possibly decades to scenario actually came to pass. However multilingual glossary of the Celtic languages come - not least in Ireland, whose modern there are some signs recently that he is and participants watched a number of Irish- political history has been largely a struggle becoming equivocal on the issue and may not language films. A bus tour took in the against the drawbacks of its people being welcome being in that situation. Of course neolithical cemetary at Carrowmore and the made citizens of another country. like Tony Blair before him (who had early Christian site at Drumcliffe. The Lisbon Two referendum has exposed committed the Labour party to a referendum) Next year’s Celtic Congress will be held in the moral and political bankruptcy of he can change his mind as soon as he is Douglas, Isle of Man, during Easter Week. Ireland’s main political parties. There is a elected! F Ní

Carn 15 Language Act would be introduced to old and the new is to be seen on the list where Enjoy Irish! enhance and protect the development of the more established organisations such as A new course for beginners – written by Irish Language in the North of Ireland. and Údarás na Gaeltachta rub shoulders with newer more Dr. Eithne Ní Ghallchobhair, and However, three years later the public in the recently established projects. Conradh na published by Oideas Gael North of Ireland are still waiting for the Gaeilge, a member organization of Foilsithe ag Oideas Gael i gcomhar le British Government to deliver on that com- Comhdháil Náisiúnta na Gaeilge, aims to hIontaobhas Ultach (www.ultach.org) mitment. The public have demonstrated their provide information on various campaigns  support for the campaign to introduce an Illustrated role-plays and projects run by the organization on its for Northern Ireland on  Easy to understand grammatical website as well as listing Irish language an ongoing basis, and this event is being explanations classes and events run by the organization organized by way of thanks for that support. across the globe. The Corporate site of  CD with native speakers Speaking about this event, Janet Muller, Údarás na Gaeltachta features information on Director of POBAL, said that the event Price 15 Euro, includes Book & CD + p&p: the Údarás and business development in the received lots of support both nationally and €2.50 for Ireland, and . internationally. €5 for rest of the world. Order from An Siopa Gaeilge now! Free Legal Advice in Irish human rights organisation FLAC has teamed up with Conradh na Gaeilge to provide free legal services to Irish speakers in and Galway on the first Wednesday of every month again this autumn. Barristers from the Four Courts’ branch of Conradh na The best Irish site on the web Gaeilge will run the Free Legal Advice The shortlist for the Irish Internet Awards Centre in Áras na nGael, 45 Dominic was announced in October and 13 websites Street, Galway and from 18.00 – 19.00 in 6 were short listed in the Best Irish language Harcourt Street, Dublin 2. website category. This year’s shortlist is Proinsias Ó Maolchalain, a practising made up of entirely new nominations from barrister and secretary of the Four Courts’ that of last year, a fact that reveals the branch says: “With everyone tightening their growth of Irish language websites in recent purse-strings in these recent recessionary years. times, it is more important than ever that Last year’s winner of the prestigious award people realise there is a free legal advice was Focal.ie, the national terminology service being provided by Conradh na database for the Irish language. Gaeilge in conjunction with FLAC to As always, the Irish language media feature everybody, every month.” prominently on the shortlist and two radio stations make the cut this year, Raidió Fáilte and Raidió Rí Rá as does Nosmag.com and This foundation course contains the the news An Druma Mór. fundamentals required for achieving a good The growth of Irish language e-commerce basis in Irish. The role-play format, with its websites is striking with the nomination of easy-to-understand explanations, is an Litríocht.com, the Irish language online enjoyable and informal way to kick off your bookshop which won a Golden Spider Irish language learning. A sound foundation Award last year and which represented is essential to getting off to a good start in Ireland in the WSA world e-commerce most projects in life and this is the ingredient awards earlier this Spring. supplied by our course. It will enable you to The new online shop, which specializes in set out on a journey of discovery and enjoy books and Irish products, Udar.ie is also the magical world of the Irish language. nominated as is GaelShirt which sells t-shirts Clients of the Centre have been successful and clothing with printed Irish language in the cases that followed from consultations Rights and Revelry – slogans. between applicants and the Free Legal Two new projects focusing on Irish Advice Centre, such as in the case of Ó Irish Language Act for language learners also get the nod with Gríbhín v. The Teaching Council for TalkIrish.com, a website which was example. Síne Nic an Ailí, director of North? launched last Spring and which is going from Conradh na Gaeilge’s Free Legal Advice Rights and Revelry, a fun day to mark three strength to strength with the recent Centre believes that the demand for legal years since the announcement of the St. announcement of over 2,000 registered users. services in Irish is ever-increasing, especially Andrews Agreement took place in St. GaelNet is also nominated this year- this in cities across the country. George’s Market. Belfast on , 11th resource also focuses on Irish language Appointments can be made or more October 2009. POBAL (The umbrella orga- learners and speakers. Nominated also is information obtained about the free legal nization for Irish Language Organisations in Acadamh Fódhla, an association based in Cúl advice service as Gaeilge by contacting the North of Ireland) organised the event. Aodha in the Muskerry Gaeltacht. Their Conradh na Gaeilge at +353 (0) 1 4757401 Under the St. Andrews Agreement between website focuses on the work of the Academy (Dublin) / [email protected] / +353 (0) 91 the Irish and British Government a commit- in promoting a greater understanding of 567824 (Galway) or see FLAC’s website at ment was given in 2006 that an Irish scholarship and the Irish nation. A mix of the www.flac.ie

16 Carn Kernewek rag Flehes

‘Kernewek rag Flehes’ (Cornish for Children) is one Kernow of the latest leaflets published by MAGA, the Cornish Language Partnership and is aimed at further inspiring children and young people to learn more of the native language of Kernow. The leaflet, one of a series, gives six good reasons Calling the Cornish Quarters for youngsters to learn Cornish: * learning Cornish helps to understand the place My a welow orthowgh, Gwithysi a’n they live in Howldrevel, Spyrysyon vennesik a’n Ayr, * learning another language helps to improve dustunyewgh agas solempnytys ha gwith- learning ability in general and in ewgh an kylgh ma. particular Re’n Ayr hag yw anall dhedhi, dannvenewgh * learning one language helps with learning agas golow. others Bedhewgh omma lemmyn. Hayl ha * parents and children can learn together wolkomm. * learning Cornish helps in understanding My a welow orthowgh, Gwithysi a’n diversity Deghow, Spyrysyon vennesik Tan, dustun- * it’s fun ! yewgh agas solempnytys ha gwithewgh an MAGA also offers to help anyone use Cornish by way kylgh ma. of a free translation service for up to 40 words Re’n Tan hag yw spyrys dhedhi, dannve- which will be translated on receipt by the MAGA newgh agas flamm. team. Over a thousand requests have been dealt Bedhewgh omma lemmyn. Hayl ha with over the past two years coming from wolkomm. businesses, public bodies and private individuals. My a welow orthowgh, Gwithysi a’n Andy Norfolk They also offer a service for longer pieces of Howlsedhes, Spyrysyon vennesik Dowr, translation offering to introduce clients to suitable dustunyewgh agas solempnytys ha gwith- of a Cornish Language Education Officer translators. There may be a small charge for larger ewgh an kylgh ma. forming part of the team items which can be negotiated directly with the Re’n dowr a’y dorr, dannvenewgh agas fros. and Cornish Language Partnership has now translator. Bedhewgh omma lemmyn. Hayl ha been announced. Indeed, the Cornish A series of free pocket guides are also available, wolkomm. Language Board - Kesva an Taves Kernewek ‘Sport in Cornish’, ‘Food and Drink in Cornish’, My a welow orthowgh, Gwithysi a’n Kledh, - announced that this year, increased num- ‘Cornish for Beginners’, ‘Cornish for Young People’, Spyrysyon venesik Dor, dustunyewgh agas bers are learning the language all over the ‘Animals in Cornish’ and ‘Cornish in the solempnytys ha gwithewgh an kylgh ma. world. However, there is something special, Classroom.’ These publications contain great Re’n Dor hag yw korf dhedhi, dannvenewgh almost magical, about hearing the use of the phrases such as ‘ Vreusyas, res yw dhis a agas krevder. language in its homeland and the poetic dhiwweder!’ (You need glasses, ref !) Bedhewgh omma lemmyn. Hayl ha words above formed part of a recent Druidic All requests for information are warmly welcomed wolkomm. Ceremony held in the heart of Kernow to by MAGA, the Cornish Language Partnership at Gwithysi a’n Howldrevel, Nerthyow Ayr, mark the coming of Autumn. Dalvenie House, Cornwall Council, , TR1 3AY, yth aswonnyn gras dhewgh ow junya agan Kernow, by phone: 01872 323497, by e-mail: kylgh, hag y hwovynnyn orthowgh agas ben- Words by Andy Norfolk, and Druid, [email protected], with the nath warnon. Kernow with additional piece by Mike website to be found at www.magakernow.org.uk. Re bia kres yntredhon, lemmyn ha bys Chappell (International Branch) The website is interactive allowing people to listen vynytha. Hayl ha farwel. to pronunciation of Cornish and the subscriptions Gwithysi a’n Deghow, Nerthyow Dan, yth are available there to the free MAGA e-magazine. aswonnyn gras dhewgh ow junya agan kylgh, hag y hwovynnyn orthowgh agas ben- nath warnon. Re bia kres yntredhon, lemmyn ha bys vynytha. Hayl ha farwel. Gwithysi a’n Howlsedhes, Nerthyow Dhowr, yth aswonnyn gras dhewgh ow junya agan kylgh, hag y hwovynnyn orthowgh agas bennath warnon. Re bia kres yntredhon, lemmyn ha bys vynytha. Hayl ha farwel. Gwithysi a’n Kledh, Nerthyow Dhor, yth aswonnyn gras dhewgh ow junya agan kylgh, hag y hwovynnyn orthowgh agas ben- nath warnon. Re bia kres yntredhon, lemmyn ha bys vynytha. Hayl ha farwel.

Summary The Cornish language is being used in many more places in Kernow and the appointment

Carn 17 Cornwall goes global with its very own New Cornish DVD hits the shops!

TV channel Recently I visited ‘Krowji’ – the Cornish Bucking the recession-fuelled trend for mycornwall.tv plans to roll out additional cultural and creative centre in Redruth where broadcasters and media businesses to pull out channels in due course covering the Arts, a film was playing on a large overhead screen. Recognising many of the people and of the regions, Thursday 2nd July saw the Culture and Property, offering new services to indeed places shown I purchased the DVD launch of mycornwall.tv, a new online an even wider audience. ‘Tyskennow Kernow’, a very fine 104 broadcaster based in Cornwall and dedicated Dorian Spackman, managing director of minute collection of Cornish film shorts, to all thing Cornish. The new collection of mycornwall.tv said: There are an estimated 10 with a wide ranging content of contemporary television channels is available on the internet million Cornish descendants around the world, Cornish programmes taking in a diverse at www.myCornwall.tv and via selected third as well as 5 million plus people who visit spread of material - political views to party web platforms, aimed amongst others at Cornwall annually and over 10,000 people who children’s entertainment, cultural issues to the tourist market, expatriate relocate here every year, not forgetting the historical matters, drama and folklore to and those relocating to the . The 500,000 people for whom Cornwall is already farming and presented in the English channels will broadcast original commissioned home. mycornwall.tv offers a unique way for language, Cornish language and Cornish programming that showcases the most businesses to communicate with these dialect. distinctive and recognisable elements of numbers in a sustained and targeted way, at The DVD, features many artists such as Cornwall, from its world-famous sights, scenes the same time as connecting consumers with a John Angarrack, Will Coleman, Nick Boyns and attractions, to award-winning local food particular interest or passion for Cornwall with and Nick Darke, not forgetting the unique and drink, as well as the latest news from the the brands and companies that really matter to and natural Cornish humour of ‘Jean and green and eco scene to the best in extreme them. Cornwall engenders strong emotions Dianne’ amongst many others as they sports and outdoor pursuits amongst many people and by tapping into this variously talked, acted and allowed From the company’s commercial launch on July powerful allegiance and passion, mycornwall.tv themselves to be filmed and clearly demonstrating, one and all, the things that 2nd it will be broadcasting television channels will offer viewers compelling programming, combine to make Cornwall that little bit online in partnership with some of Cornwall’s highly relevant to their particular interest in different, that place apart. most recognisable brands, including the Eden Cornwall, as well as offering local, regional and Many of the films have already won awards Project, Fifteen Cornwall, The Hotel and national brands a chance to be associated with in their own right, showing that just by Extreme Academy and South West Tourism. “Brand Cornwall,” through a service that scratching the surface a little, Cornwall is mycornwall.tv channels at launch were: matches ultra-local content with geo-specific revealed as an outward looking Celtic Eden Project TV: The channel for lovers of all audiences and advertisers alike. At country, with close connections to Wales, to things green! Produced in partnership with the mycornwall.tv we re excited about playing our the sea, to the land and of course, always eponymous organisation of the same name, part as Cornwall shapes up for an online future. keeping an eye to a distinctive history and Eden Project TV is a window into what goes on Tim Smit, CEO of the Eden Project said; Eden culture. Eminently watchable, the Cornish at the Eden Project. This channel will has had a profound impact on the millions of language shorts were subtitled and so disseminate the organisations sustainability visitors that have made their way to Cornwall. represented no bar to enjoyment of the agenda to global audiences through The launch of Eden Project TV is the next step various programmes. www.mycornwall.tv as well as via the Eden and our partnership with mycornwall.tv will This impressive series of ten films and Project website and through a series of enable us to spread the Eden message not only three extra tracks has been concisely partnerships with other platforms. to those who come and see us but also to packaged and produced by Gastronome: One for the foodies! Focused on influence others from a distance. Eden Project Productions, based in , a Cornwall’s unrivalled culinary scene is TV is a fascinating and compelling service and ‘Community Interest Company’, whose Gastronome, a channel created in partnership we look forward to working with mycornwall.tv. profits are ploughed back into the community in support of local projects. with Jamie Oliver’s restaurant Fifteen Malcolm Bell, CEO of South West Tourism said; Cornwall. From the freshest fish and how to mycornwall.tv will be a powerful voice for the cook it, to the tastiest treats from local Cornish Tourist industry and will provide it with suppliers, Gastronome will bring the Cornish a new, innovative and exciting visual route to epicurean scene to life. market on a global basis. mycornwall.tv is a Adrenaline Junkie: For all things Extreme Sports, standard bearer, both for Cornwall and for new particularly the wet and wild ones! The ways of driving commercial success in the Adrenaline Junkie channel is produced in tourist industry. partnership with the Hotel and Extreme Academy mycornwall.tv offers a unique place to stay in at Watergate Bay, home of six times World touch with Cornwall from anywhere on the Waveski Champion, Carl Coombes. Adrenaline planet, through powerful, emotive and Junkie will give viewers an addictive taste of the entertaining television programming. By adrenaline-fuelled sports scene in Cornwall combining the impact of television with the Denzil Monk of Aren Productions through a series of exclusive features on the local power, measurability and responsiveness of holding the DVD outdoor sporting fraternity, including some of the the internet, mycornwall.tv offers the best of worlds best beaches and most rugged coastline both worlds for sponsors and advertisers who I spoke with Denzil Monk of Awen and countryside. want to reach a wide ranging, responsive and Productions who is Chairman of the MyKernow: For those of Cornish descent far from highly passionate audience. Cornwall Film Festival and a writer and producer, and as well as amongst many other home. MyKernow is the channel that helps you Dorian Spackman, Managing Director, things, a founding Director of Awen, who keep in touch with and learn more about Cornwall mycornwall.tv informed me that a second DVD was to and its history, culture and heritage. T: 07802 796468 Email: [email protected] Continued on page 19

18 Carn Continued from page 18 follow adding further to the company’s growing stature and varied C.V. currently The truth emerges… working with young people, with the Cornish farming community and with Roma Gypsy people in Cornwall and Transylvania. Oh, the introduction in Kernewek (Cornish) – well if you don’t have a grasp of the language, you’ll have to buy the DVD to find out what it means! The Tyskennow Kernow DVD is available at £12.99 from any good quality retailer but more easily from the online Awen Productions shop – www.awen.org.uk Produced by Denzil Monk and Bethany Sagar-Fenton of Awen Productions, sponsors of the DVD include SWFTA, Cornwall Film Festival, Maga – the Cornish Language Partnership and the European Union Objective One Partnership. 95% of the profits from sales of the DVD support the Govynn Kernewek Award – an annual Cornwall Film Festival Award presented for Cornish language film production with the remaining 5% passed to the South West Film Despite its terrible and bloody history, I like Cornwall, said the stones were smashed and and Television Archive (SWFTA). Launceston Castle, ‘Castle Terrible’, sitting impossible to repair.” (1) M.Chappell high on a hill overlooking Cornwall one way So there it is, at long last, an admission that and England the other. Once inside the gate, English Heritage do not actually own it is now a haven of peace and quiet and if Launceston Castle and that they are merely you are able to scramble up the motte to the sub contracted in by Duke Charles to look top of its unusual double shell keep, the after it. It follows therefore, that they can Autumn views are breathtaking particularly on a fine own nothing else in the and merely day. As a student of history many years ago, care take the Celtic and British heritage and I included the place in a thesis I wrote on the other post Norman and indeed, Breton sites Equinox castles of Cornwall. in Cornwall. Quite simply, there is no My breath was also taken during a BBC ‘English heritage’ in Cornwall because it is report concerning vandalism which had not England. Members of the Celtic League attended occurred to one of the castle’s 800 year old The damage done to Launceston Castle is to a traditional Autumn Equinox walls. In fact, I was so surprised that I be wholeheartedly condemned as a criminal celebration held partly in the Cornish researched the BBC comments to make sure act probably perpetrated by drunken thugs. language in the depths of Kernow. that I had understood them correctly. But every cloud does have a silver lining, and This was timed to coincide with the Following years of ignoring Cornish perhaps this admission represents that, a very equinox and co-ordinated by a local demands made of English Heritage who thin and fragile silver lining to this unforgiv- group and was a celebration of the administer many of Cornwall’s castles to able crime. harvest, the fruits of the land and peace. come clean and admit that the heritage was- I wish Sian Thomas, who works at the castle, Many faiths and belief systems were n’t English at all and that the true status of well in her efforts to put right what has been represented including and ownership placed them firmly under the con- done but I also thank her for enabling this ancient deities. trol of the , there it was, admission of fact. A substantial number of people written by the BBC, finally, the admission (1) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/corn- attended the candlelit outdoor that: wall/8125493.stm (BBC report 29 June ceremony during which food and “English Heritage, which maintains and runs 2009) Cornish was shared. Blessings of the castle on behalf of the Duchy of Mike Chappell peace and prosperity were bestowed upon all peoples, faiths and nations. This type of ceremony is becoming increasingly popular in Cornwall and the use of the Cornish language is said Subscribe to Cornish World for one year to to enhance considerably the receive six issues of Cornwall’s best-loved proceedings. magazine of Cornish heritage and culture. Cornwall Branch member, Tony £24 (UK) or £30 (overseas). Leamon, a learner of the Cornish Language and Pagan said, ‘It was great Contact: Cornish World Magazine, to hear the Cornish Language actually PO Box 71, Penzance, Cornwall / being spoken and used during the Kernow.TR18 2ZR ceremony and I was able to contribute to the evening. There is something To subscribe on line: special about witnessing the sunset in http://www.cornishworldmagazine.co.uk/ an ancient part of Cornwall and hearing the language that is as old as the celebration itself.’

Carn 19 ‘ Tommies’ A play by Alan M. During one glorious summer’s evening, I Archduke Franz Ferdinand dies at the hands joined a large and expectant audience at an of Gavrilo Princip. Their story is taken up by open air theatre clinging to the cliff’s edge at journalist and early Cornish Language Driftwood Spars, Trevaunance, St. Agnes enthusiast, Robert Walling (Ed Williams) where we had all gathered, a surprising and tears are shed by the women left at home, number of us, to see a live performance of Dr as is always the case when men go off to war, Alan Kent’s latest play, ‘Surfing Tommies.’ Rose , mother of young John Henry Already knowing that the play concerned and the boy’s first girlfriend, a local milk the lives of Cornish miners who left all they maid. (Molly Weaver) The yarn echoes down knew to join the local regiment and depart the years and is given a 21st century angle by for Flanders to engage in one of the last great a descendent of the Pascoe family, Maisie, a Imperial wars, it seemed such an ideal degree student who likes to surf. (Molly very own website at setting for this interpretation by the theatre Weaver) Together these five actors filled the www.bishbashboshproductions.squarespace. company ‘Bish Bash Bosh Productions’. stage with a host of other characters and com Looking inland, old mine houses clung to the created an experience I shall not forget. The play was rightly awarded Development hillside and then, towards the ocean, the ‘Surfing Tommies’ is a mind stretching Funding from the Cultural Events early evening sun setting into our part of the pleasure and a very Cornish masterpiece. Programme of the United Nations by the to be replaced by an ascendant If only we could see such things on our United Nations Educational, Scientific and moon seemed to complement the story line, television screens for Dr. Kent and the whole Cultural Organisation World Heritage Site of making this a very special and memorable team at Bish Bash Bosh productions, actors, the Cornish Mining Landscape. - evening. directors, stage managers, costume www.cornish-mining.org.uk The play lasted two hours and I have designers, musicians alike surely understand ‘Surfing Tommies’ ISBN978 1 903427 48 4 seldom known two hours to pass by as the meaning of drama. is available in soft back at £5.99 from Francis quickly. During that time, I joined the crowd Bish Bash Bosh Productions maintain their Boutle Publishers - www.francisboutle.co.uk in laughter, in tears and for many of us, a sense of pride in our unique Cornish heritage. Charles and Judi McLaughlin attend Celtic League AGM Dr. Kent’s play has more threads than Redruth’s Tregellas Tapestries (and that is saying something for those who have yet to view them!) and every one of them merged together to produce a glorious albeit tragic picture – indeed, as the subtitle of the play says, ‘A Cornish Tragedy’. With just five actors, although it seemed like a dozen at times, coupled with ingenious use of a small set and an imaginative, often haunting sound track, we are swept from a Cornish Mine, North Wheal Leisure at , across the sea to the Western Front, witnessing love gained and lost, regrets, the blind obedience of those soldiers of the old Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry, dutiful to the ultimate, then death and the introduction back to Cornwall of surfing, or Tony Leamon, treasurer of the Cornwall Branch with Charles and Judi. should I say it’s revival, because as we all know, it was Piran who first surfed Charles and Judi McLaughlin, Celtic League members and members of the Irish Freedom ashore on his fifth century millstone! All this Committee of New , USA travelled to Cornwall in order to attend the recent Annual and the early 20th century rebirth of the General Meeting of the Celtic League held in Truro. They brought with them a message of Cornish Language, of high and low spoken solidarity from the Irish Freedom Committee (IFC) and the visit gave them an opportunity to Cornish, and the slightly meet people they had only been in email communication with thus far. Both the IFC and the critical and dismissive English observation League have been campaigning for the repatriation of Noel Maguire, currently detained in an of these things bring vivid colours to the English prison, to Ireland. plot. As befits a son of Piran, Jimmy ‘Dunkey’ Tambyn (Dean Nolan) is the hard drinking, Bona Vacantia eating, woman loving and larger than As well as Bona Vacantia, the Duke of Cornwall has the right to appoint a sheriff; the rights life tin miner, his apprentice, 15 year old not to pay tax; the rights to funds and foreshore; the right to wreck; the right to summon John Henry Pascoe, innocent yet of the ways a parliament; the rights to crown immunity and the right to intervene in court cases and of the world (Jamie Trotter), Cap’n William demand a trial at bar amongst others IN CORNWALL ! Tresawna the Methodist Mine Captain (Trevor Cuthbertson) all of whose lives are Hmmm, not bad for a friendly Duke of Cornwall aka who makes millions transformed when in a distant land, from the Duchy yet says he’s just a ‘green’ local developer...

20 Carn son y sheean ‘a’ ny ‘uh’. Agh smooinee sleih dy nee yn sheean ‘oh’ v’ayn. Ta Craig Weatherhill er nyanno studeyrys er shenndaaleeaght as shennaghys y Chorn Mannin son y chooid smoo. T’eh er nyannoo studeyrys dowin er enmyn-buill y Chorn rish queig bleeaney as feed. Ayns e leaght ec Shliggagh, ren eh gaccan dy lajer mychione yn aght ta shenn enmyn-buill tradishoonagh Cohaglym Celtiagh 2009 goll er coayl liorish almoraght as goanlys – red ta taghyrt ayns y Chorn as ooilley ny Hie yn cho-whaiyl eddyrashoonagh eddyr enmyn-buill ny shey cheeraghyn cheeraghyn Celtiagh elley. Bentyn da’n bleinoil jeh’n Chohaglym Celtiagh er Celtiagh – enmyn haink voish focklyn co- leaghteyr son Mannin, cha dod shin reih cummal mleeaney ayns Balley Shliggagh chadjin goll rish ‘ross’ as myr shen. She peiagh erbee elley agh yn Olloo Dr Shorys y ayns Nerin veih Jelune 27 Jerrey Souree gys Jean-Yves Le Moing loayr son y Vritaan. Creayrie. She eshyn ta er nyannoo yn creear Jesarn 1 Luanistyn. Hie mee marish y lught- Haink e lught-thie veih ard Pondi as v’eh smoo va rieau jeant jeh enmyn-buill Vannin, thie as shinyn cur lhien gleashtan er y vaatey cummal ayns Roazhon tra v’eh aeg roish my geiyrt er obbyr J.J. Kneen, va jeant ayns ny veih Doolish gys Beeal Feirshtey. Ren shin jagh eh dy yannoo studeyrys ayns . bleeantyn feed. Er jerrey, cha dod Shorys y gimman veih shen gys Shliggagh, agh Ayns y toshiaght, v’eh gobbraghey ayns Creayrie cheet gys Shliggagh son y hannee shin un oie ayns Ard Vaghey. As cooishyn chellinsh, agh ny lurg shen cheaghil Cohaglym, agh va leaght screeut echey ro shinyn gimman trooid Nerin Hwoaie, ghow eh gys studeyrys Celtiagh as enmyn-buill. Ta laue, as she mish ren livrey yn leaght shen – yn ven as yn inneen aym yindys mooar tra lioaryn scanshoil mychione enmyn-buill y er-nonney, red ennagh va faggys da’n leaght honnick ad ny banneyryn harrish straiddyn Vritaan currit magh echey. shen. Va coipyn jeh’n leaght hene ry- ayns ny baljyn leighalagh, banneyryn va gheddyn da ny oaylleeyn va kionfenish. guee er sleih ad dy chur arrym da ree ennagh Y bun jeh leaght Shorys y Creayrie, va shen as stoo myr shen. Cha row ad er vakin y enmyn-buill Vannin va ayn roish my daink lheid roie. ny Loghlynnee gys Mannin. Ta’n chooish Hie yn cho-whaiyl er cummal ayns thie- shoh doillee as arganagh dy liooar. oast stoamey mysh meeilley cheumooie jeh S’aashagh cur enn er ny enmyn-buill mean Valley Shliggagh. T’eh er jeet dy ve Loghlynnagh, agh bentyn da enmyn-buill beggan neu-chadjin dy chummal co- Gaelgagh, row ennym ennagh ayn roish my whaiylyn bleinoil y Chohaglym Celtiagh daink ny Loghlynnee? S’doillee ansoor kiart ayns thieyn-oast. Son y chooid smoo, ta ny y chur. As ta shoh ooilley kianlt seose lesh yn co-whaiylyn shoh er nyn gummal er y aght ta sleih dy liooar foast soiaghey beg jeh gherrid ayns oollooscoillyn, as chaghteryn cooishyn Celtiagh ayns Mannin – sleih ta cadley ayns shamyryn-studeyr. Agh heill bunnys cur ooashley da ny Wiggynnee as sleih ayns banglane Yernagh y Chohaglym gagh red bentyn daue. Paart dy vleeantyn er Celtiagh dy bare cummal y cho-whaiyl ayns dy henney hie mee gys co-whaiyl mychione thie-oast cheumooie jeh Divlyn – va Yernee enmyn-buill Loghlynnagh ayns Mannin hie ennagh gaccan dy jagh y cho-whaiyl er er cummal ayns Thie Tashtee Vannin. Creid cummal ayns Divlyn ro vennick. Er y laue eh ny dyn, agh va peiagh ny ghaa ayns shen elley, tra honnick sleih veih ny cheeraghyn Olloo Hywel Wyn Owen va gindys row chengey Ghaelagh ayns elley ny priosyn veagh ad geeck sy thie-oast Mannin roish my daink ny Loghlynnee rish! ayns Shliggagh v’ad beggan imneagh. Agh Loayr yn Olloo Hywel Wyn Owen As va eie ayn keayrt dy row dy stroie ny v’eh mie dy liooar as cha dug ny priosyn mychione enmyn-buill Vretyn. Mastey Wiggynnee yn chengey Ghaelagh dy bollagh aggle er monney chaghteryn. Smooinee reddyn elley, chossyn eh doghtooraght son as dy daink ee erash gys Mannin veih’n mish rhym pene ‘Foddee dy bee ny priosyn studeyrys jeh enmyn-buill Sir y Fflint. Ec y Ghallioo (Galloway) lurg lhing ny ny syrjey foast ayns Mannin ayns 2010!’ She Chohaglym ayns Shliggagh, er lhiam dy row Loghlynnee. Hooar Robert Thomson rey rish Mannin yn ynrican cheer Cheltiagh nagh vel yn leaght echey beggan dree. Va rouyr stoo yn eie shen. Va’n chengey Ghaelagh goll er thieyn-aaght son studeyryn eck. echey as, goll rish ram sleih feer ynsit ta cur loayrt car lhing ny Loghlynnee, as v’ee ocsyn Myr dy cliaghtagh ec ny co-whaiylyn shoh, leaghtyn, v’eh soit er goll ny hrooid, eer dy neesht. Fodmayd, ny Manninee, ve booisal va leaght ry-chlashtyn veih gagh cheer, va jinnagh y speyr tuittym sheese. Ta’n Olloo son Tinvaal as nyn eiraght Loghlynnagh, agh cuirrey-kiaullee ayn, as hug shin shilley er Hywel Wyn Owen ny Eaghtyrane jeh’n foastagh ta kuse jin jeant skee liorish smaght buill anaasagh. Bun-chooish ny leaghtyn, va Cheshaght son Studeyrys Enmyn-buill sy ny Wiggynnee lurg ooilley ny bleeantyn shen enmyn-buill ayns ny cheeraghyn Vretyn Vooar as Nerin. She Art O shen. Agh ta reddyn couyral. Celtiagh. She yn Dr. Sim Mac an Tallear Maolfabhail loayr son Nerin. Va’n leaght Ren J. J. Kneen obbyr yindyssagh son y loayr son Nalbin. T’eh er ve ronsaghey echey mychione y shennaghys (as y Ghaelg. Ayns ny bleeantyn feed, she eshyn enmyn-buill ayns Nalbin son shiaght pholitickaght) jeh sheshaghtyn oikoil as ren y chied chreear mooar jeh enmyn-buill bleeaney jeig. Chammah as shen, t’eh enmyn-buill ayns Nerin neayr’s va Steat Seyr Vannin. Hooar eh cooney veih’n scoillar ronsaghey yn aght ren y Ghaelg Albinagh Nerin as y Phobblaght currit er bun. Loayr eh Loghlynnagh Carl Marstrander. Kyndagh skeaylley magh feiy Nalbin, as yn aght hie dy lajer mychione y scansh jeh cur geill da rish shen, foddee, smooinee Kneen dy nee ee sheese ayns ny Eashyn Meanagh. Ayns e sleih ynnydagh as ny t’ad gra mychione ny enmyn-buill Loghlynnagh va kuse dy enmyn leaght ayns Shliggagh, loayr y Dr Mac an enmyn-buill syn ard oc hene. Mennick dy nagh row Loghlynnagh. Cha row Kneen nane Taillear mychione yn aght ren chengaghyn liooar, ta enmyn neu-chooie (ny aggairagh) jeu, agh va sleih dy liooar ayns Mannin dy liooar ayns Nalbin croo enmyn-buill ny currit er buill ec sleih ta almoragh ny/as braew jeean dy ghra dy daink bunnys dy cheerey – Pictish, Shenn Vretnish, Gaelg sonaasagh. Eer yn ennym Baarlagh ‘Sligo’, chooilley nhee ayns Mannin veih ny Albinagh, Shenn Vaarle as Frangish. lhisagh eh ve red goll rish ‘Sligga’, t’eh Wiggynnee. Ayns e leaght, hug Shorys y Va beoyn ec ny loayrtee son y Vritaan as jeeaghyn. Bleeantyn er dy henney, screeu fer Creayrie roish y treealtys dy daink enmyn- Bretyn dy loayrt mychione ny caslyssyn ennagh sheese y lettyr ‘o’ ec jerrey yn ennym buill Manninagh goll rish Bemahague, Continued on page 22 Carn 21 Continued from page 21 Bibaloe as Billown veih enmyn Gaelagh, as cha nee veih enmyn Loghlynnagh. Foddee Manx Language News dy ghow ooilley ny enmyn shoh toshiaght lesh ‘both’ keayrt dy row, as dy daink Many people may already be aware that over the next few years I am committed to develop Bemahague veih ‘Both mo Thadhg’, as myr the adult Manx Gaelic sector. With this in mind we have recently held a number of very shen. As she ro-Loghlynnagh veagh ny successful training sessions for adult tutors. enmyn-buill goaill toshiaght lesh ‘both’. Ro- A big ‘gura mie ayd’ must go to Elwyn Hughes from the Department of Life-long Loghlynnagh neesht veagh ‘Doolish’ as Learning at the , Bangor, for his excellent day-course held in Ballabeg. enmyn dy liooar lesh ‘Balley’ as ‘Slieau’. The teaching materials that complement our new course (which thanks to JJ Kneen I have Agh she cooish arganagh cooish ny enmyn- christened Saase-jeeragh) seem to have been well received too. buill, son shickyrys. We are now working towards a well-managed network of trained tutors running an Island- wide programme of classes and events for learners. Summary The Celtic Congress held its annual international conference in Sligo this year, UNESCO the theme of lectures being the placenames Further good news has been the appointment of a Finally, It’s good to see that UNESCO of the Celtic Countries. One universal theme new teacher to the ever-growing Manx Gaelic has updated the status of Manx from which emerged was the need for the resolute medium school in St John’s. With a Head, four ‘extinct’ to ‘critically endangered’. I protection of traditional placenames from teachers and 16 new children starting this look forward to achieving the position ‘developers’ and ignorant officials. September bringing the total number of students of ‘doing extremely well but to 65, the school’s success continues to reflect Brian Stowell susceptible to occasional bouts of well on the commitment and skills of its staff. melancholia’.

Manx visitors, Jamys, Dave and Tom enjoying a night at the Culturlann in Belfast. Belfast Trip An excellent example of the events programme we are developing was our recent day-trip to Belfast. The Steam Packet generously provided us with some discounted tickets that enabled us to have a great time In Nerin Twoaie (The North of Ireland). We didn’t spend the whole time in pubs (even if my photos suggest that) but headed straight for the Ulster Folk Museum at Cultra and then, to what must be the best language and cultural centre in the Gaelic world, the Culturlann. It was a long but very rewarding day. We are now looking into the possibility of a 4- 5 day trip to Ireland next year.

Eary Cushlin The Belfast trip was followed up with a Eary Cushlin, the venue for the course fantastic four-day course at Eary Cushlin. We ran a series of classes during the day and evening and finished the week off with a trip around Cregneash and the Sound on the morning. A big thanks to everyone who attended including our visitors from Scotland and the Manx Gaelic speaking community in North America! The Eary Cushlin language week (Shiaghtin ny Gaelgey) will now be a regular summer event, with next year’s week being scheduled for the week of the 26th to the 31st July. Book early to avoid disappointment. Adrian Cain Manx Language Officer

22 Carn son Conradh Lisopóil arís, ag diúltú don daonlathas, agus gan athrú ar bith ann. Éilíonn muid go nglacfar le toradh an chéad Celtica reifreann This AGM rejects the charade of the Irish Government and European leaders who are calling on the Irish people to vote on the Lisbon Treaty again, in a negation of Resolutions passed at the AGM democracy, for exactly the same Treaty Kernow without an iota changed. We call for the result of the first referendum to be respected. hosts successful Alba Branch The Celtic League congratulates William Robertson (Uilleam MacDhonnchaidh) and Kernow Branch AGM 2009 Michael Bauer (Micheal Bauer) on making That the Celtic League utterly condemns the Dwelly’s Gaelic Dictionary available online frequency used description of Cornish A successful Celtic League AGM was held for the first time at www.dwelly.info We nationals as ‘inbred’ amongst other insulting between 17th and 19th July 2009 in the further note that they did this without subsidy phrases both in the media and on the internet Cornish capital of Truro. In addition to the or financial reward. and elsewhere, and calls upon the Equality AGM, a tour of a Cornish brewery, a trip and Human Rights Commission as well as down a tin mine and a visit to an important (Background - Dwelly’s dictionary is the the Council for Racial Equality in Cornwall Cornish Methodist site was also organised finest in existence. Edward Dwelly compiled, to join us in taking action to remedy the by the Kernow Branch, who were hosting the collated, illustrated, bound, printed, and sold ongoing insult. AGM this year over the fully packed three the work by himself. Messrs Bauer and day event. Delegates to the AGM came from Robertson keyed in the entire tome without England Branch all of the Celtic countries, including the being given any subsidy whatsoever - which This Annual General Meeting of the Celtic USA, the Basque Country and England in is a great tribute to them, and Dwelly league in Kernow 2009 condemns the racist one of the most successful AGM’s of recent himself. Other much less worthy Gaidhlig “Sinhala only” law of 1958 which has led to years. projects have received substantial funding.) so much strife in Sri Lanka. This AGM fully At the AGM itself the issue of how the supports the struggle for self-determination Celtic League should further develop one of by the people of Tamil Eelam. its long term aims of establishing a formal Cymru Branch association between the Celtic countries was Noting that the 2010 Armed Forces Day “national celebrations” are to be held in General Secretary discussed, preparations for the referendum The Celtic League reiterates its support for on independence in Scotland in 2010 and Cardiff, Cymru, the AGM agrees in principle to arrange or support an inter-Celtic part of the planned Scottish referendum on plans for the celebration of the League’s independence in 2010 and aims to help 50th anniversary in 2011. the expected demonstrations against the event, depending on the nature of the promote and publicise a positive result in the The Saturday evening after the AGM was run up to the vote. taken up with a series of talks by special opposition to be organised. guests covering the Cornish language, Calls for the ‘nationality’ section on politics and history, giving delegates a taste Éire Branch Diúltaíonn an Chruinniu Chinn Bhliana seo UK/French to also include the of the past, present and future of Cornish nationalities ‘Breton’, ‘Cornish’, ‘Irish’, culture, heritage and political life. do chamailéireacht rialtas na hÉireann agus ceannairí na hEorpa, atá ag iarraidh ar ‘Scottish’, ‘Manx’ and ‘Welsh’ and in their The general secretary of the Celtic League, respective languages. Rhisiart Tal-e-bot, said after the AGM: muintir na hÉireann vóta a chaitheamh ar “On behalf of the General Council of the Celtic League, I would like to thank the Kernow Branch and other individuals for Celtic League members enjoying the visit to Skinner’s Brewery organising and hosting the AGM, despite in Truro (left-right), Mike Chappell, Steve Skinner and some last minute difficulties that involved Kernow Branch Secretary, Iwan Le Moine. changing the location, time table and venue of the event. Particular thanks should be extended to Branch Secretary Iwan LeMoine, Branch Convenor Dougie Johnson and Branch Treasurer Tony Leamon. Thanks should also go to the speakers on the Saturday evening, David Riley, Councillor Julian German, Dr and Councillor , Steve Skinner of Skinner’s Brewery and the principle organiser of the Sunday tours, Michael Chappell.” It was agreed that the next AGM will take place in Mannin (Isle of Man) in 2010.

Some of the resolutions passed at the AGM, the rest may be found at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/celtic_lea gue/message/1576

Carn 23 Symbolic step for Gaelic in Europe Membership Western Isles SNP MSP, Alasdair Allan, has welcomed news that the Scottish and UK Governments have signed an EU Memorandum of Understanding which will take the use and of Gaelic in EU institutions a step closer. From now on Scottish Gaelic speakers can write directly to EU bodies in their mother Subscriptions tongue if they wish and receive a reply in that language. Dr Allan commented: “I am delighted that the Gaelic language has received another boost with the signing of today’s All those who agree with the constitution Memorandum of Understanding and that Gaelic is finally receiving European and aims of the Celtic League are eligible recognition. “This is a significant step forward for the recognition of the Gaelic language, for membership. The membership/ particularly with the Scottish Government’s ambitious targets of creating a new subscription rates (including Carn) are: generation of Scottish Gaelic speakers. €24.00, Sterling £14.50, Europe (airmail) Obviously, today’s news is symbolic to some degree, but a sign of commitment. “I hope £20.00, Outside Europe £22.00. US$30.00 that one day soon we may also see Gaelic accepted as one of the ‘official’ languages of (US funds, cheques drawn on a US bank). the EU, of which there are currently 23, but for the moment I am sure that this is a measure which all supporters of Gaelic will welcome.” For information about the Celtic League contact secretaries: ALBA. Iain Ramsay, 22 Denholme Gardens, Greenock, PA16 8RF, International Book Scotland BREIZH Gi Keltik Plouguerne, Branch Competition BP44 -29880 Breizh/Brittany. Internet Site The winner of ‘Electric Pastyland’ CYMRU Robat ap Tomos, 11 Heol by Dr. Alan Kent was Sean Sullivan, Gordon, Y Rhath, Caerdydd, CF2 3AJ. http://homepages,enterprise,net/mlockerby from Dublin, Éire. ÉIRE Caoimhín Ó Cadhla Subs to: 33 Céide na Grianóige, Email: International Branch Secretary Future issues will include new Ráth Cúil, Co. Átha Cliath, Éire [email protected] competitions. KERNOW Per Iwan J.M. Le Moine, 3 Churchtown Road, Gerrans, Pontcatho, Truro, TR2 5DZ Celtic League Celtic League MANNIN Cristl Jerry, press releases 6 Glenfaba Road, Peel WEBSITE Tel: UK (0) 1624 843869 Those who would like Celtic League press ENGLAND BRANCH Florence Kenna, releases via Electronic Mail can subscribe 72 Compton Street, London, (free of charge) to the mailing list at: www.celticleague.net EC1V 0BN. USA Margaret Sexton, http://groups.yahoo.com/group/celtic_league c/o P.O. Box 20153, Dag Hammarshjold Postal Centre, New , NY 10017. Interested in Gaelic? INTERNATIONAL BRANCH Mark American Lockerby, 12 Magherdonnag, Make it part of your Pony Fields, Port Erin, IM9 6BY, future too… Isle of Man. Branch GENERAL SECRETARY Rhisiart Tal-e-bot, Internet Site 5 Chyandour Resrudh/Redruth TR15 3AB www.celticleague.org Kernow/Cornwall Cli Gàidhlig Email: [email protected] EDITOR Ms P. Bridson, 33 Céide na Grianóige, Ráth Cúil, Co. Átha Cliath, Éire. Email: [email protected] Quote this publication of a free info pack from: Articles for Carn should be e-mailed to the Editor. Appropriate photographs Clì, North Tower should be sent with them. Material for the next issue of Carn should Independent Scots read the The Castle, Inverness IV2 3EE Scotland reach the Editor no later than 1st ‘Scots Independent’ December 2009. Articles sent for +44(0)1463 226710 publication in Carn must relate to our Contact aims. All materials copyright © Carn 51 Cowane Street, Stirling FK8 1JW unless otherwise stated. The views Alba/Scotland www:cli.org.uk expressed in Carn are not necessarily Telephone Stirling 01259 730099 those of the editor or of the Celtic League. Email: [email protected] Website www.scotsindependent.org ISSN 0257-7860

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