• A second-class citizen is a person who is systematically discriminated against. • They have limited legal and civil rights and socioeconomic opportunities. • The law disregards a second- class citizen.

 Human rights are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior.  They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal.  The Declaration of Women Rights was written in 1791 by a French activist, Olympe De Gouges.  Women were fully punishable, yet denied equal rights. Article I Article XI Article XIII

 “Women is born free and lives equal to man in her rights. Social distinctions can be based only on the common utility.”

 “The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the most precious rights of woman , since that liberty assures recognition of children by their fathers. Any female citizen may say freely, I am the mother of a child which belongs to you, without being forced to hide the truth; (no exception may be made) to respond to the abuse of this liberty in cases determined by law.”

 “For the support of the public force and the expenses of administration, the contributions of woman and man are equal; she shares all the duties and all the painful tasks; therefore, we must have the same share in the distribution of positions, employment, offices, honors and jobs.”

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 Iceland  Afghanistan  Finland  Democratic Republic of Congo  Norway  Iraq  Sweden  Nepal  Philippines  Sudan  Ireland  Guatemala  New Zealand  Mali  Denmark  Pakistan  Switzerland  Saudi Arabia  Netherlands  Somalia

 88% of women in Sudan had undergone female genital mutilation.  Rape has become a way of life in Sudan.

 The Constitution of Pakistan ensures equal rights for all, but women are still treated as second class citizens.  Society needs to understand that women are not asking to be raped if they step out of the house to go to university or work.

 85% of women have no formal education and are illiterate.  Total live births per women – average 6.  1 out of 10 children die before their fifth birthday.  Life expectancy for women is 51.

 Child marriage;  The implications of child marriage cannot be underestimated;  Lack of education;  Few options for widows;

 Hidden and isolated;  Few economic opportunities;  Women’s legal standing is limited;

 Girl’s education has improved;  Child marriage is more difficult;  Women can be employed;  Self-immolation has decreased;  Fewer children die before age 5;  While more girls and women are getting an education and are free to move about, families may not be willing to take the risk.

 The women social status is affected by many factors.  The percentage of illiterate women (26%) is higher than men's (11%).  The Organization of Women's Freedom in Iraq (OWFI) is a non-governmental organization committed to the defense of women's rights in Iraq.

 Why do women generally earn less than men?  The role of women in the United States has changed dramatically over the past few decades.  Despite women’s advancements, substantial inequalities remain.

 Japan is having problems keeping women in the workplace.  Childcare is very expensive in Japan for a month.  Japanese men are not generally the most interactive fathers.

 Pregnancy discrimination occurs when women are discriminated due to their pregnancy or intention to become pregnant  The most common forms are not getting the job, being fired when pregnant or being fired after maternity leave  Motives for discrimination…

Ana Antunes n.2 Ana Nunes n.3 Daniela Cabrita n.7 Rodrigo Barata n.21