NEWNEW LABLAB for Life and Death Research
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MAY 2006 La Trobe UNIVERSITY NEWNEW LABLAB for life and death research 71414 Bulletin May06 ART8.indd 1 26/5/06 10:50:29 AM La Trobe UNIVERSITY NEWS Bulletin IN THIS ISSUE Scholarships help Murrumbidgee Basin 2 New laboratory for life and death research 3 Lessons from ‘switched on’ queen bees 4 New role to boost regional Engineering development aid 5 Research in Action scholarships Simplifying with theory of complex systems 6 help Murrumbidgee Basin Electronic ‘nose’ to detect sheep parasites 7 How did China’s first states emerge? 8 LA TROBE UNIVERSITY has been awarded a $145,000 grant from Excavating for answers the Foundation for rural and regional renewal (FRRR) through the about our origin 9 Pratt Water Program, to establish a new industry-supported $600,000 Analysing rhythms and Frrr – La Trobe Civil engineering scholarship scheme. melody of speech 10 The pilot project aims to help overcome a critical shortage of civil Exercise – for disability and depression 11 engineers in the Murrumbidgee basin and to support infrastructure development to meet the region’s environmental and water management needs. Gift for campus on the mooove 12 La Trobe honours retiring It will fund ten four-year civil engineering scholarships for Chancellor 13 students to study the bachelor of engineering (Civil) at the bendigo Books: Study of New campus. With the Frrr and industry partner contributions and Yorker’s finest 14 vacation employment, each scholarship is valued at $44,000. La Trobe artist wins Vice-Chancellor, Professor brian stoddart, said the project ‘A Place in the World’ 15 will help develop practical solutions to meet critical shortages of Open Days 2006 16 engineers in regional communities. ‘There is significant potential for new partners to expand on this program and provide a model for other regional areas.’ Professor stoddart said the Frrr grant recognised the quality and regional focus of the La Trobe University civil engineering program. ‘Students will come from the Murrumbidgee catchment and be co- sponsored by industry partners. They will be provided with relevant vacation employment to attract them to stay in the area after they graduate. Frrr Chairman, former leader of the national Party, Mr ian Sinclair, said his organisation championed the economic and social Cover: Federation Fellow, Professor strength of Australia’s regional, rural and remote communities David Vaux, with PhD through partnerships with the private sector, philanthropy and student, Maria Miasari. Background image: governments. Scanning electron micrograph (false ‘We consider this partnership with La Trobe University and the colour) of a white blood Pratt Foundation as a key program to help our rural communities cell, right, killing a cancer cell – see Life and achieve their economic aspirations, whilst ensuring the careful death research, page 3. management of our environment.’ The La Trobe University Bulletin is published ten times The Murrumbidgee Catchment covers some 84,000 square a year by Marketing & Communications, La Trobe kilometres. it includes Canberra, Wagga Wagga, balranald, Griffith, University. Articles may be reproduced with acknowledgement. and Yass. Enquiries and submissions to the editor, Ernest Raetz, Irrigated agriculture in the basin contributes 42 per cent of new La Trobe University, Victoria. 3086 Australia Tel: (03) 9479 2315, Fax (03) 9479 1387 South Wales’ grapes and half of Australia’s rice production. Dryland Email: [email protected] salinity is estimated to cost the region at least $43m per year. Articles: Noel Carrick, Tim Thwaites, Ernest Raetz • Photos: La Trobe University PDI Design: Campus Graphics, 71414 The FRRR /La Trobe Civil Engineering Scholarship Scheme will La Trobe University. begin in 2007 and applications will be advertised through schools Printed by Work & Turner. Website: www.latrobe.edu.au/bulletin and local media later this year. Images: Pratt Water 2 La Trobe University BULLETIN January February 2006 71414 Bulletin May06 ART8.indd 2 26/5/06 10:50:34 AM NEWS La Trobe sets up new laboratory into life and death research La Trobe University now has a better the process of apoptosis is critical to claim than most Australian universities understanding human health, and is to be studying matters of life and death. leading to the development of therapeutic That’s the whole focus of a rapidly drugs. expanding research group developing Professor Vaux is the man who initiated around Federation Fellow, Professor interest in cell death by finding the first David Vaux. molecular component of the apoptosis Already researchers in three mechanism. He published his discovery laboratories, working with mice, insects in 1988 in the influential scientific journal and yeast, are beavering away at several Nature, in a paper that has become the aspects of the nature of programmed cell most highly cited primary publication La Trobe’s new ‘cell death’ research group, with death and its potential applications to from Australia in the past twenty years. Professor Vaux, right, and Dr Silke, third from left. human health. The field he opened up is now the subject Programmed cell death – or apoptosis of thousands of papers a year. in 2004, – is now known to be just as important as he was awarded the Victoria Prize for his cell division in the growth, development efforts. and defence of multicellular organisms. Earlier this year, Professor Vaux moved Every second about a million cells are to La Trobe from the Walter and eliza produced by cell division in the human Hall institute (WEHI) as a Federation body, and about the same number commit Fellow. The fellowship scheme was suicide. if this didn’t happen, the cellular originally established to entice successful build-up would give rise to cancers. researchers back to Australia. Federation However, if the suicide mechanism Fellowships are now awarded to malfunctions and cells destroy themselves researchers within Australia, to encourage unnecessarily, it can increase the them to build up new centres of expertise. damage in heart attacks, strokes and nerve degeneration. so, knowledge of Continued page 4 La Trobe University BULLETIN May 2006 3 71414 Bulletin May06 ART8.indd 3 26/5/06 10:50:44 AM NEWS builds on a tradition of honey bee research at the University and relates to Professor Vaux’s lifelong interest in cell death. Lessons from Queen and worker bees are both females and carry the same complement of genes. But they have very different life histories. ‘switched on’ Whereas workers are sterile and rarely live beyond six weeks, the queen bees lifespan of the larger, fertile queens can be up to six years. The researchers first looked to see whether the extended life of the queens is due to replacement of their cells with newly divided ones, or because the individual cells of the queens have a longer lifespan than those of the workers. To do so, they injected queens with a DNA analogue that is incorporated into the DNA when cells divide. They found that the only cells actively replicating in queen bees were in their ovaries, as one would expect in a fertile female. because none of the other cells had divided, it appears that all the other cells were long-lived. And that implies that the queens possess an intracellular maintenance system which is not switched on in the workers. Professor Vaux says the genes encoding the molecular mechanism of such a system could well have relatives in mammals A La Trobe honours student is working with Federation that work to prevent and patch up damage in cells, and generally Fellow, Professor David Vaux, to find out how queen bees maintain them. If so, future research to reveal how the system maintain their youth. sam Dyer’s work represents a new line of works could have useful medical spinoffs. investigation for Professor Vaux since moving to La Trobe. it • Continued from page 3 Because iaP genes seem to be turned on at high levels in a number of different Life and death research human cancers, drug companies also are interested in iaPs. stopping them from And that’s the reason why Professor Vaux inhibitors known as inhibitors of apoptosis functioning could be a potent way of was so interested in coming to La Trobe. proteins (IAPs). killing cancer cells. Professor Vaux and ‘WEHi is full to bursting,’ he says. ‘At ‘The first iaPs were found in viruses Dr silke are working in collaboration with La Trobe, there is more space and loads of that affect insect cells,’ Professor Vaux a Us company that has produced potent potential – and the core of researchers at says. ‘Viruses use cells to replicate, so inhibitors of iaPs. the school of Molecular sciences is world cells often try to kill themselves in an Meanwhile, Dr Hawkins is using class.’ altruistic attempt to stop viral yeast to study both mammal and insect Although the University is committed replication. components of programmed cell to match the Federal Government’s death. Yeast has no apoptosis funding of $250,000 a year for five years, mechanism of its own, Federation Fellows like Professor Vaux and so is useful as a can help in the quest to recruit talented ‘living test-tube’ for young researchers, build critical mass, attempts to recreate and boost research ranking. the pathways. And that’s just what is happening. one Of the of the attractions for Professor Vaux of post-doctoral coming to La Trobe was to be able to researchers, continue to work with Dr John silke, who Dr Vince is moved with him from WEHI. Dr silke looking at now has a tenured position and his own members of the laboratory at the University, as does Dr tumour necrosis But viruses Christine Hawkins who has come from the factor (TNF) have fought back Murdoch Children’s research institute.