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Date d'édition : 12/01/2021 https://inpn.mnhn.fr/zone/znieff/250006471 COTEAU DE MESNIL-SOLEIL (Identifiant national : 250006471) (ZNIEFF Continentale de type 1) (Identifiant régional : 00240001) La citation de référence de cette fiche doit se faire comme suite : SAVINI J-R, .- 250006471, COTEAU DE MESNIL-SOLEIL. - INPN, SPN-MNHN Paris, 109P. https://inpn.mnhn.fr/zone/znieff/250006471.pdf Région en charge de la zone : Basse-Normandie Rédacteur(s) :SAVINI J-R Centroïde calculé : 417675°-2439059° Dates de validation régionale et nationale Date de premier avis CSRPN : 12/10/2000 Date actuelle d'avis CSRPN : 08/09/2020 Date de première diffusion INPN : 26/03/2019 Date de dernière diffusion INPN : 05/01/2021 1. DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 2 2. CRITERES D'INTERET DE LA ZONE ........................................................................................... 5 3. CRITERES DE DELIMITATION DE LA ZONE .............................................................................. 5 4. FACTEUR INFLUENCANT L'EVOLUTION DE LA ZONE ............................................................. 5 5. BILAN DES CONNAISSANCES - EFFORTS DES PROSPECTIONS ........................................... 6 6. HABITATS ...................................................................................................................................... 6 7. ESPECES ....................................................................................................................................... 8 8. LIENS ESPECES ET HABITATS ............................................................................................... 108 9. SOURCES .................................................................................................................................. 109 -1/ 111 - Date d'édition : 12/01/2021 https://inpn.mnhn.fr/zone/znieff/250006471 1. DESCRIPTION Cette ZNIEFF est inclue dans la ZNIEFF de Type 2 : - Id nat. : 250006470 - LES MONTS D'ERAINES (Id reg. : 00240000) 1.1 Localisation administrative - Département : Calvados - Commune : Versainville (INSEE : 14737) - Commune : Damblainville (INSEE : 14216) 1.2 Superficie 23,74 hectares 1.3 Altitude Minimale (mètre): 100 Maximale (mètre): 153 1.4 Liaisons écologiques avec d'autres ZNIEFF - Id nat. : 250006470 - LES MONTS D'ERAINES (Type 2) (Id reg. : 00240000) 1.5 Commentaire général Le coteau de Mesnil-soleil s'étend, au Sud-Est de Caen, sur plus de vingt cinq hectares. Son altitude varie de 100 à 153 mètres, avec des pentes relativement abruptes de près de 35*. L'exposition sud, le substrat calcaire très perméable, et la faible épaisseur du sol, créent des conditions thermiques et xériques expliquant la présence d'une flore et d'une faune à affinités méditerranéennes, subatlantiques et montagnardes. Ce coteau bénéficie du statut de Réserve Naturelle Nationale. Il s'insère dans un ensemble bien plus vaste (246 ha) dénommé Monts d'Eraines, classé en Espace Naturel Sensible, et faisant l'objet d'une znieff de type II. Le site est géré par des méthodes de fauche, de débrousaillage, et de pâturage extensif visant à enrayer l'extension des massifs ligneux d'espèces agressives -et parfois invasives- adaptées aux conditions pédo-climatiques difficiles, notamment le Cytise (Laburnum anagyroides). FLORE La valeur botanique de ce site est exceptionnelle. En effet, ce coteau constitue la plus riche des pelouses calcicoles des trois départements bas-normands. Près de trois cent cinquante espèces de plantes vasculaires y ont été répertoriées, dont soixante sept sont étroitement liées aux pelouses calcaires. Certaines d'entre elles sont rarissimes en Basse-Normandie et bénéficient d'une protection au niveau national (**) ou régional (*). La Brunelle à grandes fleurs (Prunella grandiflora*), la Germandrée des montagnes (Teucrium montanum*), la Laîche humble (Carex humilis*), la Coronille mineure (Coronilla minima*), l'Euphorbe ésule (Euphorbia esula*), la Globulaire ponctuée (Globularia punctata*), la Phalangère rameuse (Anthericum ramosum*), le Buplèvre en faux (Bupleurum falcatum*) sont autant d'espèces qui ne comptent pas plus de cinq stations en Basse-Normandie. Signalons également la présence de la Seslérie bleue (Sesleria albicans ssp. albicans*), de la Filipendule vulgaire (Filipendula vulgaris*), des Gentianes d'Allemagne (Gentianella germanica*) et amère (Gentianella amarella**), de l'Epiaire droite (Stachys recta*), du petit Pigamon (Thalictrum minus ssp. minus*), du Dompte-venin (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria*), de la Raiponce délicate (Phyteuma orbiculare ssp. tenerum*), de l'Anémone pulsatille (Pulsatilla vulgaris*)...Quelques espèces rares, comme l'Herbe à l'esquinancie (Asperula cynanchica) et la Gaélopsis à feuilles étroites (Galeopsis angustifolia), ont également été répertoriées. Les orchidées sont bien représentées et comptent notamment l'Epipactis brun-rouge (Epipactis atro-rubens*), très rare, et l'Ophrys bourdon (Ophrys fuciflora*). -2/ 111 - Date d'édition : 12/01/2021 https://inpn.mnhn.fr/zone/znieff/250006471 Parmi la bryoflore, il convient de mentionner une espèce de mousse très rare : Trichostomum caespitosum. Celle-ci n'a toutefois pas été revue récemment. La richesse mycologique est à la hauteur de la diversité floristique. Parmi les très nombreuses espèces recensées, signalons la présence de quelques taxons rares à très rares tels l'Amanite épineuse (Amanita echinocephala), la Lépiote guttulée (Chamaemyces fracidus), Coprinus roseotinctus, le Tricholome gris sombre (Dermoloma atrocinerea), l'Entolome à pied vert (Entoloma incanum), Entoloma sacchariolens, le Géastre sessile (Geastrum sessile), Geopora arenicola, Gymnosporangium clavariaeforme, Inocybe sororia, Iodophanus carneus, Lepiota subincarnata, l'Hydne noir (Phellodon niger), le Tricholome de batsch (Tricholoma fracticum)... FAUNE L'extraordinaire richesse floristique de ce site induit une entomofaune remarquable, étroitement liée aux espèces végétales thermophiles et xérophiles typiques de cet habitat calcicole sec. Les relevés entomologiques ont permis de recenser un grand nombre d'espèces rares à très rares, dont certaines sont protégées au niveau national (*). Les arachnidés sont nombreuses et comptent quelques taxons intéressants. Citons la Mygale à chaussette (Atypus affinis) ; Philodromus collinus, connue dans l'ouest que sur une station du Massif armoricain ; et Alopecosa striatipes, qui est également très peu répandue. De nombreuses espèces d'orthoptères animent ce site de leurs stridulations. Parmi elles, signalons la présence d'espèces rares comme la Decticelle des bruyères (Metrioptera brachyptera), inféodée habituellement aux landes plutôt humides ; l'Oedipode turquoise (Oedipoda caerulescens), typique des pelouses calcicoles ; l'Ephippigère des vignes (Ephippiger ephippiger) ; le Tétrix des carrières (Tetrix tenuicornis) ; et le Criquet rouge-queue (Omocestus haemorrhoidalis). Ces deux dernières sont très liées aux pelouses sèches. Le Criquet des mouillères (Euchorthippus declivus), également présent, est plus inféodé aux milieux prairiaux secs. Nouvelles observations pour le site, le Méconème tambourinaire (Meconema thalassinum), sauterelle dont la stridulation est très forte ; et le Méconème fragile (Meconema meridionale), contacté à proximité de la Réserve. Les coléoptères sont aussi très diversifiés, en particulier les espèces floricoles et phytophages. Citons le petit hanneton à bordures (Homaloplia ruricola) localisé dans le nord de la France aux terrains calcaires ; deux chrysomélides, Oreina luctuosa, liées aux centaurées, et Cryptocephalus primarius, inféodée aux terrains arides des coteaux ; le Hanneton Rhizotrogus cicatricosus Mulsant, découvert en abondance sur les pelouses calcicoles de la Réserve, espèce nouvelle et rare pour la région ; et le Staphylinidé Pseudocypus aethiops, contacté dans la pinède. Les hyménoptères sont nombreux et diversifiés sur cette zone, comptant quelques espèces peu communes comme Cleptes nitidulus, ou quelques espèces de bourdons parasites d'autres bourdons tels Psithyrus campestris, Psithyrus rupestris, Psythirus vestalis, Psithyrus barbutellus. Notons également la découverte de nouvelles espèces pour la région comme Osmia submicans, Dipogon bifasciatus, Evagetes crassicornis et Holopyga fervida, ainsi que Cleptes semicyaneus, chryside redécouverte pour la France. Autre nouvelle espèce, Physetopoda scutellaris, jusque là méconnue de Basse-Normandie. Découverte importante pour les diptères, Xanthogramma laetum, connue uniquement dans cinq départements en France et première donnée pour tout le quart nord-ouest du Pays. Pour les syrphes, autre nouvelle observation pour la Basse-Normandie, Cheilosia urbana. L'extraordinaire diversité des papillons (deux cent vingt deux espèces observées) est en relation directe avec la richesse des espèces végétales xéro-thermophiles. De nombreuses espèces sont rares à très rares dans notre région. Citons notamment le Gazé (Aporia crataegi), le Coliade de l'Hippocrépide (Colias australis), le Sphinx de l'Epilobe (Proserpinus proserpina*), le Zygène de l'Hippocrépide (Zygaena transalpinas ssp. hyppocrepidis), la Noctuelle du chèvrefeuille (Polyphaenis sericata), le Céphale (Coenonympha arcania), la Lucine (Hamaeris lucina), le Flambé (Iphiclides podalirius), l'Azuré bleu-céleste (Lysandra bellargus), l'Argus bleu-nacré (Lysandra coridon), l'Hespèrie des sanguisorbes (Spialia sertorius), l'Hespérie du chiendent (Thymelicus
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