DOCSLIB.ORG

The India-Pakistan Conflict

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The India-Pakistan Conflict Letter from the Director Dear delegates, My name is Koby Chen and I am beyond ecstatic to be welcoming you to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). As a rising sophomore at St. George’s School, I have the utmost pleasure to be serving as your Director for this committee. Staffing alongside me will be your Chair, Sana Shams, a rising junior at Semiahmoo Secondary. As a Dais team, we look forward to spectating the fruitful discussions, eloquence, and statecraft that will be employed to solve the topics and crises at hand. Within my two years of participation in Model UN, I have truly understood its intersections of debate, international relations, and diplomacy. Throughout this weekend, not only will you engage in structured debate, you will also encounter fast-paced crises and jocular moments within committee session. It is in my belief that Model UN is a meaningful activity to pursue, as you will develop your oratory, critical thinking, and writing skills–abilities applicable to any situation. Furthermore, conferences are the pinnacle for networking and connection. It is bound that you will create long-lasting friendships and form beautiful memories. While you may feel doubtful or nervous at first, I invite you to step up to the podium and immerse yourself in the riveting world of Model UN. Over the course of three days and multiple committee sessions, we will be discussing the tense India-Pakistan conflict as well as major Separatist Movements within the Asian region. While these two issues have international consequences, each problem is prevailing in the Asian continent. Thus, comprehensive resolutions addressing each topic through a regional lens will hold significance in future discussions and actions made by the global community. The Dais team encourages delegates to craft a position paper, as the quality and depth of your research will reflect your experience and performance throughout sessions. For more information on position paper policies, please refer to the Position Paper Guide on the CAHSMUN website. Both Sana and I are thrilled to see a weekend of leadership and discussion on our topics. If you have any inquiries about the topics, backgrounder, committee, Rules of Procedure, or Model UN in general, please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected]. We look forward to getting to know each one of you in April; best of luck to you in SCO and at CAHSMUN 2020! 1 CAHSMUN SCO Backgrounder A Godspeed, Koby Chen Director of SCO — CAHSMUN 2020 Committee Description The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a Eurasian economic, political, and security alliance announced in Shanghai, China on June 15, 2001.1 The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Charter, formally establishing the organization, was signed in June 2002 and entered into force on September 19, 2003. The original nations of the SCO are comprised of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan. Since then, the organization has expanded its membership to countries all around the Asian Pacific region. This single- chambered body was precedent by the Shanghai 5 Mechanism. The SCO is comprised of eight member states, four observer states, and six dialogue partners.2 More participation from countries within the middle east and around Asia are expected to participate in the near future. To this day, it is the largest regional organization in the world in terms of geographical coverage and regard, covering nearly half of the human population.3 Annually, the heads of state congregate and adopt decisions and guidelines on important matters of the organization. The Heads of State Council (HSC) is the supreme decision- making body in the SCO. It meets once a year and adopts decisions and guidelines on all important matters of the organization. The SCO Heads of Government Council (HGC) meets once a year to discuss the organization's multilateral cooperation strategy and priority areas, to resolve current important economic and other cooperation issues, and to approve the organization's annual budget.4 The official languages of the SCO are Russian and Chinese. Solutions and policies of this committee include military exercises, combatting terrorism, maintaining regional stability, and addressing other external threats.5 The committee also addresses economic cooperation with plans outlining trade policies within the region. These aspects, alongside engaging in cultural and humanitarian cooperation, make up the majority 1 http://eng.sectsco.org/ 2 https://dppa.un.org/en/shanghai-cooperation-organization 3 Ibid. 4https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/the-shanghai-cooperation-organization-a-vehicle-for-cooperation-or-competition/ 5 https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/shanghai-cooperation-organization 2 CAHSMUN SCO Backgrounder A of the goals of the SCO. In addition, operating bodies such as the regional anti-terrorist structure (RATS) address the specificities of terrorism in the Asian region.6 The SCO’s growing centrality within the east establishes itself as the primary security pillar of the region. Topic Overview With the rise of new interests and political reforms, the tension between these two acrimonious neighbors has heightened. India and Pakistan, both located within the South Asian continent, are not only powerful countries in terms of military strength, but also have major implications on regional hegemony and stability as a whole. The two nations geographically surround Jammu and Kashmir (JK), a subcontinent located in the Himalayan mountains. The value of this subcontinent is paramount; India and Pakistan have historically fought three wars, two of those being on Kashmir.7 This region is claimed to be one of the most militarized areas in the world and is at the heart of the conflict. Tensions rose as a suicide car bombing was carried out on February 14, 2019, in which 40 Indian security personnel were killed.8 The divide of these nations has led to increased friction, and the recent terrorist attack has led to the most intense military escalation of the decade. The long term implications of this topic are manifold. First, both nations have major nuclear arsenals. Even though nuclear weapons have not been employed after World War II, India and Pakistan have been proliferating their armories. Horizontal nuclear proliferation through the years means that more nations have access to these arsenals. The more nuclear forces in the world, the more likely they are to be used–especially in perilous crises similar to this one.9 Thus, both parties hold significant might in terms of destruction and force. Although the likelihood of respective nations using their nuclear weaponry is up for debate, it is still a major factor demonstrating the severity of this conflict. Secondly, India and Pakistan are major stakeholders in international economics. India has a GDP of almost $2.6 trillion USD, making it one of the largest markets in the world. The country has major trade ties with China, Europe, and many markets around the globe.10 While the economic status of Pakistan is not as high, it still plays a key role in the global 6 http://eng.sectsco.org/ 7 https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286 8https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/2186769/suicide-bombing-kashmir-pakistan-appeals-un- defuse-escalating 9 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/08/kashmir-crisis-will-nuclear-armed-pakistan-go-war-india/ 10 https://www.ibef.org/economy/indian-economy-overview 3 CAHSMUN SCO Backgrounder A market. Pakistan has the 24th highest purchasing power parity and has significant industrial and agricultural sectors in the resource-rich Asian continent.11 Conflicts between the two nations will have severe detriments to both nations’ economies, posing a risk to both Asian and international economic development. As both India and Pakistan are major member states of the SCO, this conflict holds significance within the efficiency of this committee. Their cooperation is vital for managing regional economies, a factor that will face consequences in the wake of an Indo-Pakistani war. As violence and political tensions become increasingly prevalent, the development of the South Asian region is held at a stall. Terrorist attacks and military proliferations have caused institutional shifts and have driven attention away from humanitarian rights, education, health, and the safety of citizens. Ultimately, this conflict will come at human costs. Within the SCO, it is up to delegates to seek out reforms in terms of military escalations, regional trade, counter-terrorism, and other major issues mentioned in this backgrounder. Effective resolutions will ultimately set precedence in resolving territorial disputes and regional conflicts. As violent continues to perpetuate, addressing financial, humanitarian, and militaristic disputes will preserve the lives of millions. Timeline 947 - Britain, as they decolonize the Indian subcontinent, divides it into secular Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. The partition causes one of the largest human migrations ever seen in history and sparks riots and violence across the region.12 1947/48 - The first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir is fought, after armed tribesmen named Lashkars invade the disputed territory in October 1947. The Maharaja, faced with an internal revolt as well an external invasion, requests the assistance of the Indian armed forces. He hands over control of his defense, communications and foreign affairs to the Indian government.13 1954 - The accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India is approved by the state's constituent assembly.14 11 https://www.heritage.org/index/country/pakistan 12 Ibid. 13 https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/india-pakistan-war 14 Ibid. 4 CAHSMUN SCO Backgrounder A 1964 - Following the failure of the 1963 talks, Pakistan refers the Kashmir case to the UN Security Council.15 1965 - India and Pakistan fight their second war. The conflict begins after a clash between border patrols in April in the Rann of Kutch, and escalates, when between 26 000 and 33 000 Pakistani soldiers cross the ceasefire line dressed as Kashmiri locals, crossing into Kashmir.16 1971 - India and Pakistan go to war a third time, specifically in East Pakistan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • India-Pakistan Conflict: Records of the Us State Department, February 1963
    http://gdc.gale.com/archivesunbound/ INDIA-PAKISTAN CONFLICT: RECORDS OF THE U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT, FEBRUARY 1963-1966 Over 16,000 pages of State Department Central Files on India and Pakistan from 1963 through 1966 make this collection a standard documentary resource for the study of the political relations between India and Pakistan during a crucial period in the Cold War and the shifting alliances and alignments in South Asia. Date Range: 1963-1966 Content: 15,387 images Source Library: U.S. National Archives Detailed Description: Relations with Pakistan have demanded a high proportion of India’s international energies and undoubtedly will continue to do so. India and Pakistan have divergent national ideologies and have been unable to establish a mutually acceptable power equation in South Asia. The national ideologies of pluralism, democracy, and secularism for India and of Islam for Pakistan grew out of the pre-independence struggle between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, and in the early 1990s the line between domestic and foreign politics in India’s relations with Pakistan remained blurred. Because great-power competition—between the United States and the Soviet Union and between the Soviet Union and China—became intertwined with the conflicts between India and Pakistan, India was unable to attain its goal of insulating South Asia from global rivalries. This superpower involvement enabled Pakistan to use external force in the face of India’s superior endowments of population and resources. The most difficult problem in relations between India and Pakistan since partition in August 1947 has been their dispute over Kashmir.
    [Show full text]
  • 03 July 2020
    The Home of Solid Games www.greystonegames.com Vol. 19 Issue 18 Friday 03 july to 09 July20200 $1 www.thesouthasianinsider.com Sweet,Sweet, BitterBitter andand TepidTepid A Look At India’s Relationship With Neighbours (Story on Page 34,35,36,37) Also r Millions Switch To "Local TikToks" After India Bans Chinese Apps Page No. 4 r Resisting Chinese encroachment Page No. 8 Read r A reset in Kashmir policy Page No. 10 r It can no longer be business-as-usual Page No. 44 Home Business Auto NLIGHT INSURANCE Insurance (A Division of Nlight Financial LLC) (See Full Page Advt. on Page 20) Call : 917-612-3158 Friday 03 July to 09 July2020 COMMUNITY 2 Indo American Press Club Holds Virtual Induction Ceremony Dr. Joseph Chalil Inducted As Chairman, Dr. S.S. Lal As President of IPAC (Press Release By AJAY GHOSH) Nair & Thampanoor Mohan. Ajay New York : During a solemn virtual Ghosh, the Founding President of ceremony live telecast on social media IAPC introduced Dr. Chalil as the Co- and viewed by thousands from around founder and Publisher of The Universal the world, Dr. Joseph M. Chalil News Network. Dr. Chalil is an Adjunct assumed charge as the Chairman, Professor and author of several while Dr. SS Lal as the President of scientific and research papers in Indo American Press Club on Sunday, international publications. A veteran of June 28th, 2020. Also, along with the the U.S. Navy Medical Corps, Dr. Chalil two dynamic leaders, several new is board certified in healthcare members of the Board of Directors, management and has been awarded Executive Committee members, and Fellowship by the American College Local Chapter leadership were of Healthcare Executives.
    [Show full text]
  • Extremism and Terrorism
    Pakistan: Extremism and Terrorism On April 21, 2021, a car bomb exploded in the parking lot of the Serena Hotel in Quetta, killing at least five and wounding 11. Chinese ambassador to Pakistan Nong Rong was staying in the hotel but was not present during the attack. Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP) claimed responsibility. “It was a suicide attack in which our suicide bomber used his explosives-filled car in the hotel,” the TTP said in a text message to Reuters. (Sources: Reuters, Associated Press) On April 12, 2021, police in Lahore arrested Saad Rizvi, leader of the outlawed Islamist political party Tehreek-e-Labaik Pakistan (TLP). The arrest was reportedly to deter TLP supporters from further demanding the expulsion of France’s ambassador over the publication in France of cartoons featuring Islam’s Prophet Muhammad. Rizvi had claimed the government had reached an agreement with his party to expel the ambassador by April 20, while government officials claimed they agreed only to discuss the issue in parliament. In response to Rizvi’s arrest, TLP supporters blocked highways and clash with police across the country over the course of two days, killing at least four people and wounding dozens of others, including at least 60 police officers. On April 18, TLP supporters attacked a police station in Lahore while rallying in the city against Rizvi’s arrest. The protesters took hostage 11 officers. The protesters released the hostages the following day after negotiations with the government. Photos released of the hostages during the negotiations showed they had been tortured. (Sources: Voice of America, Associated Press) Overview Since its independence from British colonial rule in 1947, Pakistan has been divided along ethnic, religious, and sectarian lines, a condition which has been exploited by internal and external organizations to foster extremism and terrorism.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Committee: Disarmament and International Security Committee Issue: Addressing the Kashmir region issue Student Officer: Natalie Kostara Position: President INTRODUCTION Distinguished Delegates, Hereby I would like to formally welcome you to the UNGA Disarmament and International Security Committee, ATSMUN 2019. I am so glad that you have chosen this committee and my co-chairs and I hope the conference will be an overall success full of fruitful debate and lots of fun. The three of us have been active in the MUN community for quite some time, and have made many good friends through MUN. To anyone doing MUN for the very first time at ATSMUN, welcome to the community, we are certain you will love it! To all those returning to MUN, welcome back! Regardless we hope you all broaden your horizons at ATSMUN and hopefully make some new friends. Our aim in this committee is not only to effectively guide the debate, but also to create an atmosphere where you can come to us for help if you need any. To that end I have left my email address below. If there is anything you would like to ask or tell us before the conference you are more than welcome to e-mail us in the coming weeks. Also, I highly encourage you all to thoroughly research the topics and your countries policies in order to write a well rounded and informative Position Paper. Working on your Position Paper will not only help you to better understand the committees’ questions but also to better represent your delegation during the committee session.
    [Show full text]
  • According to the Syllabus of University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir
    LLB FIVE YEARS DEGREE PROGRAMME NOTES According to the Syllabus of University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad and Other Public, Private Sector Universities of Pakistan Prepared By Advocate Muhammad Adnan Masood Joja Sardar Javed Zahoor Khan (Advocate) CITI Law College Rawalakot 05824-442207, 444222, 0332-4573251, 051-4852737 Near CMH Rawalakot AJK Web:-www.clc.edu.pk Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 1 Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 2 Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 3 Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 4 Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 5 FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH Citi Law College, Near CMH, Rawalakot Ph: 05824-442207, 051-4852737 www.clc.edu.pk Page | 6 Parts of Speech NOUNS A noun is the word that refers to a person, thing or abstract idea. A noun can tell you who or what. There are several different types of noun: - There are common nouns such as dog, car, chair etc. Nouns that refer to things which can be counted (can be singular or plural) are countable nouns. Nouns that refer to some groups of countable nouns, substances, feelings and types of activity (can only be singular) are uncountable nouns. Nouns that refer to a group of people or things are collective nouns. Nouns that refer to people, organizations or places are proper nouns, only proper nouns are capitalized.
    [Show full text]
  • Page1final.Qxd (Page 3)
    FRIDAY, JULY 3, 2020 (PAGE 4) DAILY EXCELSIOR, JAMMU From page 1 All technical details prove militants killed 4 die after slipping into well CISF Commandant, 5 GREF men, 5 of one CRPF bn, 3 of family among 34 test +ve and Showket Ahmad Khan who reached at the spot and brought out itive tonight. the hotel and subjected all contacts of the country and under adminis- Ghambir Brahamana with travel civilian in Sopore: Spl DG CRPF went into the well in an attempt the youth, who had slipped into 20 Other positives of Jammu dis- of the CISF Commandant to sam- trative quarantine. history of Srinagar. blame the militants who were and he ran and was rescued by the to rescue him, also died. feet deep well. trict include 66-year-old female ple testing. All contacts of the Three persons tested positive A traveler was tested positive hiding inside the mosque and boy of the CRPF who was there and All the four were rescued from The official said on reaching from Gole Gujral, four-year-old Commandant in his hotel as well as for the virus in Rajouri district, who for COVID-19 in Ramban district. don't care about whether a child took care of him till the firing by the the well in an unconscious state the spot, first, the upper surface female child from Rehari with trav- the Unit have been isolated till their included a CRPF jawan who had Kishtwar, Reasi, Poonch and or an elderly person is there", militants continued", he said.
    [Show full text]
  • Bilateral Relations Between India and Pakistan, 1947- 1957
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo THE FINALITY OF PARTITION: BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN, 1947- 1957 Pallavi Raghavan St. Johns College University of Cambridge This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of History University of Cambridge September, 2012. 1 This dissertation is the result of my own work, includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration, and falls within the word limit granted by the Board of Graduate Studies, University of Cambridge. Pallavi Raghavan 2 ABSTRACT This dissertation will focus on the history of bilateral relations between India and Pakistan. It looks at how the process of dealing with issues thrown up in the aftermath of partition shaped relations between the two countries. I focus on the debates around the immediate aftermath of partition, evacuee property disputes, border and water disputes, minorities and migration, trade between the two countries, which shaped the canvas in which the India-Pakistan relationship took shape. This is an institution- focussed history to some extent, although I shall also argue that the foreign policy establishments of both countries were also responding to the compulsions of internal politics; and the policies they advocated were also shaped by domestic political positions of the day. In the immediate months and years following partition, the suggestions of a lastingly adversarial relationship were already visible. This could be seen from not only in the eruption of the Kashmir dispute, but also in often bitter wrangling over the division of assets, over water, numerous border disputes, as well as in accusations exchanged over migration of minorities.
    [Show full text]
  • India and Pakistan
    Peacekeeping_4.qxd 1/14/07 2:29 PM Page 119 4.9 India and Pakistan The UN Military Observer Group in India and declared a unilateral cease-fire, later recipro- Pakistan (UNMOGIP) continued to oversee a cated by India. Political relations improved frequently tense situation between Indian and further in January 2004, when an agreement Pakistani forces in the Jammu and Kashmir was reached to commence a bilateral “com- region. While violence was common in the dis- posite dialogue” on an agreed range of issues, puted region during the year (though not usually including those related to Jammu-Kashmir. along the line of control that divides the forces), Numerous confidence-building measures were the 11 July 2006 terrorist attacks on India’s mass initiated, and a minisummit was held in April transit system that killed 180 in the financial 2005 to discuss the fate of Jammu-Kashmir. capital, Mumbai, temporarily dashed hopes that Following an overall decline in violent attacks the two parties would move closer to resolution through 2005, India reduced its troop levels in of their prolonged territorial dispute. Respon- Jammu and Kashmir by about 3,000. sibility for the attacks was not claimed, but sus- In a demonstration of solidarity and a pecting Pakistan’s involvement, Indian prime desire to resolve their long-standing dispute, minister Manmohan Singh postponed continua- during the September 2006 meeting of the tion of the bilateral talks aimed at normalizing Non-Aligned Movement, Pakistani president relations, which had begun in 2004. Pervez Musharraf and Indian prime minister UNMOGIP continues to observe the cease- Singh agreed to resume their bilateral talks at fire established by the Karachi Agreement, of an undisclosed date in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Amb R. Rajagopalan on India's Foreign Policy
    India’s Foreign Policy A Panorama Some Vignettes from the Past and the Present R. Rajagopalan August 9, 2019 1 What is Foreign Policy? The policy of a sovereign state in its interaction with other sovereign states 2 A country's foreign policy, consists of self- interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests * and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu. [* May include values, ideologies and traditions] 3 Foreign Policy & Diplomacy General objectives that guide the activities and relationships of one state in its interactions with other states. The development of foreign policy is influenced by domestic considerations,, the policies or behaviour of other states, or plans to advance specific geopolitical designs. Diplomacy is the tool of foreign policy, and war, alliances, and international trade may all be manifestations of it. 4 Strategic Culture in India The Lament The debate about the existence of strategic culture in India, views are often rudimentary and impulsive rather than based on an objective definition and understanding. The main reason for this is a lack of research and availability of literature on these dimensions . ... .An awareness of the distinction and essential relationship between strategic thinking (philosophical and intellectual discourse) and strategic culture (experience, action, attitude and habit) is also important in the process of this investigation. IDSA Conference on ‘Exploring the Roots of India's Strategic Culture’, October 5, 2017 -Concept note 5 India’s Strategic Culture Rodney W. Jones India’s strategic culture is not monolithic, rather is mosaic-like, but as a composite is more distinct and coherent than that of most contemporary nation- states.This is due to its substantial continuity with the symbolism of pre-modern Indian state systems and threads of Hindu or Vedic civilization dating back several millennia.
    [Show full text]
  • 5`Td Cv[Vte Arc]Vj `Wwvc Re 4> `WWZTV
    / 1 F)9 ( +,%!+ -.'/ SIDISrtVUU@IB!&!!"&# G G G S@B9IV69P99I !%! %! ' 0+ * 2%++# 2?< &'( )'*+ ',-. @/ * / A/91/'+/.'1*) )$;(.0/*'$/1A8$)/17*$ 981D)$*;0/)*;A8$ *B(/1'81)89/C /))/+7.;)+/00A8$)/07 ):*/7*8A')E('+:/' !" 0 -'012-34 .5/% $ %'( $) #/(/19/;()/ 7807/)/ ven as the striking junior Edoctors defied Mamata Banerjee for the second time on Saturday turning down her offer for talks, the Bengal Chief Minister swore by her Q " # “patience” saying like the other " $ Q% State Governments she had all the legal means to invoke the # # coercive Essential Services # Maintenance Act (ESMA) but & # ' # had thus far desisted from tak- ( #) * Q ing the extreme step on + * humanitarian grounds. & * “The Government is show- , ing patience, sympathy for the ' ( ! ( ) - ( #) doctors but now it is time for P % + them to act and resume duty. - We have conceded to all the ) . + ) demands that the doctors had * Q made,” she said, wondering / why the doctors refused to / ( , / / 7 L# meet her at the State ! #+ 0 $ / Secretariat. * 1 1$: In Kolkata, a representative M & / ( #) of the striking doctors said, . + ) “This is an issue relating to /'' 9 2 33&
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Kashmir As Portrayed Through Popular Indian Cinema
    The valley of desire : A study of Kashmir as portrayed through popular Indian cinema by Maliha Siddiqi M.A. (Mass communication), Jamia Millia Islamia, 2018 B.Sc., Kashmir University, 2016 Extended Essay Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the School of Communication(Dual degree program in Global Communication) Faculty of communication, art and technology © Maliha Siddiqi 2020 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2020 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Maliha Siddiqi Degree: Master of Arts Title: “The valley of desire”: A study of Kashmir as portrayed through popular Indian cinema Zoë Druick Senior Supervisor Professor Katherine Reilly Program director Associate Professor Date Defended/Approved: 31st August 2020 ii Abstract Indian-administered Kashmir has been a conflicted territory since 1947. This paper studies the representation of Kashmir and its civilian population in popular Hindi films. As Bollywood has an immensely dedicated audience, both in India as well as globally, the sensitive issues surrounding Kashmir make for extremely sought-after and therefore potentially influential content in films. I argue that these films reflect a sharp bias and a myopic approach towards showcasing the area and its civilian population. This paper employs the use of film analysis and critical discourse analysis to examine seven films — Mission Kashmir (2000), Yahaan (2005),Fanaa (2006), I am (2010), Lamhaa (2010), Haider (2014) and Hamid (2018) — to support the argument. The results show that all the films except Haider and Hamid misrepresent or underrepresent the realities of Kashmir.
    [Show full text]
  • Alive and Kicking: the Kashmir Dispute Forty Years Later James D
    Penn State International Law Review Volume 9 Article 5 Number 1 Dickinson Journal of International Law 1991 Alive and Kicking: The Kashmir Dispute Forty Years Later James D. Howley Follow this and additional works at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Howley, James D. (1991) "Alive and Kicking: The Kashmir Dispute Forty Years Later," Penn State International Law Review: Vol. 9: No. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr/vol9/iss1/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Penn State International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alive and Kicking: The Kashmir Dispute Forty Years Later I. Introduction The Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan involves a struggle between two powers for the possession of a tract of territory which each wants for its own valid reasons. The stakes are of major economic, political and strategic significance to Pakistan, while to India, Kashmir has become a symbol of national prestige and inter- national justice.1 Charges of aggression and violations of interna- tional law have been asserted by both parties. In considering a solu- tion to the Kashmir dispute, it is necessary to look beyond the blatant facts and see the elements that gave rise to the dispute and the circumstances under which it occurred. A purely legalistic approach never solves large political problems. With this in mind, this Comment begins with an examina- tion of the roots of the conflict: Kashmir's economy, geography, predominantly Moslem population and Hindu ruler.
    [Show full text]